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1
Date, Jennifer, José A. Candanedo, and Andreas K. Athienitis. "A Methodology for the Enhancement of the Energy Flexibility and Contingency Response of a Building through Predictive Control of Passive and Active Storage." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051387.
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Optimal management of thermal energy storage in a building is essential to provide predictable energy flexibility to a smart grid. Active technologies such as Electric Thermal Storage (ETS) can assist in building heating load management and can complement the building’s passive thermal storage capacity. The presented paper outlines a methodology that utilizes the concept of Building Energy Flexibility Index (BEFI) and shows that implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) with dedicated thermal storage can provide predictable energy flexibility to the grid during critical times. When the utility notifies the customer 12 h before a Demand Response (DR) event, a BEFI up to 65 kW (100% reduction) can be achieved. A dynamic rate structure as the objective function is shown to be successful in reducing the peak demand, while a greater reduction in energy consumption in a 24-hour period is seen with a rate structure with a demand charge. Contingency reserve participation was also studied and strategies included reducing the zone temperature setpoint by 2∘C for 3 h or using the stored thermal energy by discharging the device for 3 h. Favourable results were found for both options, where a BEFI of up to 47 kW (96%) is achieved. The proposed methodology for modeling and evaluation of control strategies is suitable for other similar convectively conditioned buildings equipped with active and passive storage.
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Basukala, Shyam Sundar, and Prem Nath Maskey. "Seismic vulnerability of traditional masonry building a case study of Byasi, Bhaktapur." Journal of Science and Engineering 4 (April 3, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v4i0.22377.
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Historic buildings of Nepal are mainly constructed from masonry structure. Since masonry structures are weak in tension which leads to the failure of structure. So, to avoid possible damage in environment lives and property it is urgent to conduct vulnerability assessments. Seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings constructed in Bhaktapur at Byasi area is carried out for the case study. Five load bearing masonry buildings were selected out of 147 buildings considering opening percentage, storey and type of floor for modeling in SAP 2000 V10 Various methods of rapid visual screening (FEMA 154, EMS 98) are used to determine the vulnerability of the selected building. The Selected Building response is carried out by linear time history analysis. The seismic vulnerability of masonry structures is determined in terms of fragility curves which represent the probability of failure or damage due to various levels of strong ground motions for different damage state slight, moderate, extensive and collapse. From the result of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and Fragility curves of the buildings it is found that whole, buildings are found vulnerable from future earthquake.
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Alnkhailan, Eng Tareq, and Eng Ali Alfadhli. "Construction Roofs Properties and Temperature Transfer between the Roofs." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 5, no. 59 (March 5, 2024): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2024.59.3.
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This study aimed to explore the disadvantages of solid concrete slabs and sandwich panels as roofing structures in the Arabic Gulf area and explore the differences between traditional solid concrete slabs and sandwich panels roofing systems, highlighting the benefits and usage of EPS panels over traditional systems. The study methodology focuses on scientific analysis of EPS panels' chemical compound and physical characteristics, highlighting their suitability for various construction roofing applications in a tested field. The study conclude that, the The EPS panels are the better modern era building roofing material construction choice for the roofing panels because of the panels properties and economical values that supress the sandwich panels and the classical solid concrete slabs starting with the EPS panels fast fixing time, Furthermore, being a light wight roofing material that tolls less load on the buildings structure and less pressure on the building man power that results in more work activity per day and less building reinforcement work and cost especially when building extensions in aged buildings, And recommended to not add additional protective waterproofing layer above the EPS roof, in order to close any opening or gaps between joints that may transfer water through the roof layers.
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Komarov, A. A., D. A. Korolchenko, and N. V. Gromov. "Experimental determination of glazing efficiency in case of indoor explosions caused by accidents." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 31, no. 6 (February 2, 2023): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.06.78-90.
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Introduction. The authors present the results of testing single and double glazing, used as explosion relief structures (ERS) to ensure the explosion resistance of buildings and structures in case of indoor explosions caused by accidents. The criterion of comparative effectiveness of ERS is the value of maximum pressure inside the premises caused by an emergency deflagration explosion and the response of an explosion relief structure. The lower the maximum pressure under otherwise equal conditions (the volume of the room, the area of the relief opening, the type of the explosive mixture), the higher the ERS effectiveness.Goal and objectives. The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine the effectiveness of glazing used as an explosion relief structure in case of emergency deflagration explosions inside buildings. It is necessary to solve the following tasks to attain the pre-set goal:experimentally determine the relief pressure of ERS, or single and double glazing during an indoor deflagration explosion;determine the maximum pressure inside the explosion chamber using glazing as ERS;conduct the comparative (also numerical) analysis of the results of experimental studies to confirm the accuracy of the ERS relief pressure value;compare the results of experimental studies with the calculated values of the ERS relief pressure obtained using the methods recommended in the regulatory documents.Research methods. In the course of ERS testing, an explosion chamber, having the operating volume of 8 m3 and the relief opening area of 1.3 m2 was used. Hence, the specific area of the ERS was 0.16 m2 per 1 m3, which is 3.2 times higher than that recommended in the regulatory documents. Therefore, any pressure, exceeding the threshold values (5–7 kPa) inside the explosion chamber, unambiguously shows the ERS inefficiency. Results and their discussion. The results of testing the 4 mm single glazing and the area of 1 m2 (meeting the requirements of paragraph 6.2.30 of SP (Construction Regulations) 56.13330.2021) show that such glazing is ineffective as the ERS. Excessive relief pressure and maximum pressure in a room with an extra area of the relief opening have high values: Prel = 11 kPa; Pmax = 12 kPa. Such loadings are destructive for industrial buildings and structures.High values of relief and maximum pressures (14.7 and 17.7 kPa) in a chamber (17.7 and 20.5 kPa) allow drawing a conclusion about the inefficiency of double glazing as ERS.In the course of testing both single and double glazing, considerable glass fragment dispersion (up to 30 m deep and up to 13 m wide) was observed, which could result in the injury of people near the building during an accident.Conclusions. Experiments have shown that the assumed (calculated) glazing deflagration pressures, recommended by a number of regulatory documents and research publications, may differ significantly from the actual values, which may cause building collapses as a result of indoor explosions.
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Kruzel, Robert, and Paweł Helbrych. "A technical and economic analysis of the thermal modernization of historic buildings using an innovative thermal insulating paint." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.20.
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Due to the need for making the thermal modernization of buildings of historical value, where the Conservation Officer often does not approve the thermal insulation of the building’s facade with a traditional method using expanded polystyrene (EPS), an innovative paint has been proposed to be used, which can substitute for an EPS layer for the thermal insulation of buildings where everything that is the most beautiful is often situated on the building’s external facade. The article analyzes two different thermal modernization methods: the traditional method and the one using an innovative thermal insulating paint. During selecting the material, the main aspects were: material strength and durability, workmanship, the execution cost of a sample project, and the behaviour of materials during operation. All advantages and disadvantages of either of the external wall thermal insulation technologies are indicated. Cost calculation figures for the project under consideration carried out using the above-mentioned technologies have also been examined. It has been found that the technology using the innovative thermal insulating paint is fairly expensive and the obtained coefficients of heat transfer through the partition are not competitive compared to the traditional method using expanded polystyrene. However, by using the innovative technology for historic buildings, we are able to improve the aesthetic appearance of the facade and, at the same time, the thermal properties of the partition during carrying out a single project, while not spoiling the historical look of the building.
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Yankovs'ka, Lyubov, Svitlana Novyts'ka, and Alina Tsidylo. "FEATURES OF HANDLING SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE IN RURAL AREA (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE BAYKIVTSI UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF TERNOPIL REGION)." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.1.19.
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The volume and structure of solid domestic waste in Ternopil region are analyzed. Our research in the Baikivtsi Utc proves that community residents dump less organic waste in containers (about 20%, which is twice less than in the regional center) because they can compost food waste using it as fertilizer for personal use plots (gardens).
The volumes of organic waste fluctuate significantly throughout the year: the largest amount of them ends up in containers from May to September. The community residents throw out the least of organic waste in winter. One of the reasons is that there is a gradual replacement of last year's harvest with a new one. The habitants of the Baikivtsi Utc throw more paper away during the warmer months. The following types of paper prevail: offset - 33%, newsprint - 29%, coated - 4%, cardboard - 12%, designer - 5%, packaging - 16%, self-adhesive - 1%. In winter, most of the paper is burned to heat buildings. Among the scrap are mostly cans and metal lids (from bottles and cans). Ferrous metal almost never gets into containers due to the fact that it is profitable to sort it out and there are no problems to hand over scrap metal, since scrap collectors often come to the villages and offer quite decent price for it (therefore, there is no need to waste time transporting the metal). The plastic waste of the community includes plastic bottles from water, oil, household chemicals, canisters, plastic bags and ets. Among the various types of plastic: Polyethylene terephthalate or PET - 17%; high-density polyethylene (HDPE) - 29%; polyvinyl chloride or PVC - 4%; low density polyethylene (LDPE) - 34%; polypropylene, PP or PE - 8%; polystyrene, PS - 6% and other - 2%. The research showed that the following types of glass prevail in the structure of the cullet of the Baikivtsi community: window glass - 8%, technical glass - 3%, Plexiglas - 5%, triplex - 3%, glass from chemicals - 1%, ceramics - 10%, bottles - 70 %
The survey showed that only 3% of the community's residents completely sort garbage, about 80% of them sort it partially, and almost 20% do not sort waste at all (and 12% of them plan to do it in the future). The reasons for the low level of waste sorting are not surprising, since, in addition to the low level of environmental awareness of the residents, there no proper conditions for sorting solid waste.
The environmental advantages of sorting and recycling solid domestic waste were evaluated. In particular, the volumes of biogas that can be formed from the annual volumes of solid waste accumulation in the Baikivtsi united territorial community of Ternopil region, as well as the assessment of the environmental efficiency of recycling waste paper, plastic, glass were calculated. The cost of the Baikivtsi Utc solid waste as a secondary material resource will amount to UAH 2,051,943 per year, which can be a significant profit for the community.
Key words: solid domestic waste, united territorial community, sorting, utilization, recycling ecological culture.
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Zhang, Yajie, Behrang Vand, and Simone Baldi. "A Review of Mathematical Models of Building Physics and Energy Technologies for Environmentally Friendly Integrated Energy Management Systems." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020238.
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The Energy Management System (EMS) is an efficient technique to monitor, control and enhance the building performance. In the state-of-the-art, building performance analysis is separated into building simulation and control management: this may cause inaccuracies and extra operating time. Thus, a coherent framework to integrate building physics with various energy technologies and energy control management methods is highly required. This framework should be formed by simplified but accurate models of building physics and building energy technologies, and should allow for the selection of proper control strategies according to the control objectives and scenarios. Therefore, this paper reviews the fundamental mathematical modeling and control strategies to create such a framework. The mathematical models of (i) building physics and (ii) popular building energy technologies (renewable energy systems, common heating and cooling energy systems and energy distribution systems) are first presented. Then, it is shown how the collected mathematical models can be linked. Merging with two frequently used EMS strategies, namely rule-based and model predictive controls, is discussed. This work provides an extendable map to model and control buildings and intends to be a foundation for building researchers, designers and engineers.
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Nalyvaiko, Taras. "Ensuring adaptive personnel management of a construction enterprises." Economics: time realities 1, no. 53 (February 23, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/etr.01.2021.11.
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This paper highlights the issue of ensuring adaptive personnel management of a construction company. The theoretical basis of construction of organizational structures of personnel management is considered and branch features of construction enterprises and their influence on personnel are defined. The principles of building the organizational structure of personnel management of a construction company and formed a set of functions that are inherent in these structures. An improved organizational structure of personnel management of a construction company is proposed, which provides for the organizational inclusion of the personnel management department in the management of a construction company. A scientific and methodological approach to adaptive personnel management of a construction company has been developed. According to the proposed scientific and methodological approach to adaptive personnel management of a construction company, it is proposed to assess the levels of adaptability of the organizational structure of personnel management to the enterprise, the levels of adaptation of enterprises personnel and adaptive personnel management in general.
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Popov, Vladimir, Eduard Kriksunov, and Tatjana Grigorjeva. "THE PROPERTIES OF GEOMETRICALLY MODELLING COMPUTATIONAL SCHEMES FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES." Engineering Structures and Technologies 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2020.14045.
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For launching a project on a structural object, the calculation of building structures stands as one of the most important stages of project development. In order to correctly analyse structural behaviour, determine the stress-strain state and solve design or inspection problems, the designer is forced to adequately formalize the actual structure turning it into a faultless computational scheme. Virtual testing is one of the main features of the single graphical-information model. Interoperable systems for three-dimensional modelling and analysis, calculation and design ensure smooth data transfer between the physical and computational model. Modern object-modelling techniques and integrated analysis systems allow achieving the defined goal. The article deals with the forms of data exchange, the developmental features of the designed and computational (analysis) BIM model, the integrated design process of CAD/CAE as well as the conversion problems of the physical and computational model.
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SCHMIDT, Jan-Simon, and Rainard OSEBOLD. "ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS A DRIVER FOR SUSTAINABILITY: STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION, BENEFITS AND BARRIERS IN GERMAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.946441.
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The construction industry, as one of almost every economy’s major generators of environmental impact, can contribute in large measure to achieving the goals of sustainability. However, most publications in this field deal with sustainability with reference to selecting construction materials and improvements in the operating phase of buildings. When considering ecological sustainability the focus has to be extended from the finished building to the building process. Therefore the actors of the construction sector who are responsible for the production process have to be studied: the construction companies. The goal of this paper is to study the state of ecologically sustainable corporate business management in construction. The state of application of elements of environmental management systems (EMS) is used as an indicator of the current situation in German construction companies. EMS can help continuously to environmentally improve the operating processes of the firms. A broad survey about the extent of EMS has been conducted considering the barriers and drivers. In general, a relatively low interest in EMS and a lack of knowledge is noticeable within the sector. As a result, strategic recommendations are made on how to promote environmental management to foster sustainable thinking in the German construction industry.
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Chen, Wen Su, and Hong Hao. "A Study of Corrolink Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) to Windborne Debris Impacts." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.68.
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Structural insulated panel (SIP) is considered as a green panel in construction industry because of the low thermal conductivity of the sandwiched EPS core (i.e extended polystyrene). It is a lightweight composite structure and is widely used in commercial, industrial and residential buildings to construct the building envelop including roof and wall. The windborne debris driven by cyclone or hurricane usually imposes intensive localized impact on the structural panel, which might create opening to the structure. The opening on the building envelope might cause internal pressures increase and result in substantial damage to the building structures, such as roof lifting up and wall collapse. The Australian Wind Loading Code (version 2011) [1] requires structural panels to resist projectile debris impact at a velocity equal to 40% of the wind speed, which could be more than 40 m/s in the tropical area with the wind speed more than 100m/s. In this study, two kinds of SIP under projectile debris impact were investigated, i.e. “Corrolink” and “Double-corrolink” composite panels shown in Fig. 1. Laboratory tests were carried out by using pneumatic cannon testing system to investigate the dynamic response of composite panels subjected to wooden projectile impacts. The failure modes were observed. The structural dynamic responses were also examined quantitatively based on the deformation and strain time histories measured in the tests. The penetration resistance capacity of panels subjected to windborne debris impact was assessed.Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams (L) Corrolink panel; (R) Double-corrolink panel [2]
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Moore, Thomas (Tom) A. "Repairing SLS anomalies in NZ seismic code to reduce earthquake losses." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.51.1.34-46.
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The 1992 advent of the Serviceability Limit State (SLS) was for the purpose of eliminating structural and non-structural damage to buildings subjected to small or moderate Earthquakes (EQs). This goal complimented the prior 1976 goal of minimising life-loss due to large Ultimate Limit State (ULS) EQs.
However, moderate direct damage and large indirect losses occurred to many medium-rise pre-2004’ precast concrete-framed buildings in Christchurch and Wellington CBDs as a result of small or moderate EQ ground motions in 2010 [1-3], 2013 and 2016 [4-6.]
A precedence for a proposed SLS level 1 upgrade was set when Christchurch upgraded to a 50 year recurrence SLS following the 2010-2011 earthquakes [7].
Many modern buildings have been engineered with little regard for SLS [8] nor the goal of eliminating disruption from moderate EQs [9, 10]. The proliferation of SLS building damage and large indirect losses [1] have arisen in NZ primarily because of the specification of a too-small SLS demand which corresponds to a ground motion with 25 year return period and because the Structural Performance factor (Sp) is specified in NZ as 0.7 for SLS, which results in a further 30% reduction of the SLS demand. There are also vulnerabilities in ‘pre-2004’ precast floor-to-beam connection detailing [3].
Cost-benefit analyses show that these building losses may be relieved by first correcting the precast vulnerabilities, then using a SLS limit of 50 year (rather than the current 25 year) return period and/or by specifying Sp = 1. The thus proposed ‘maxi-50 year SLS’ with a drift limit of 0.25%, has the same elastic seismic demand as the 100 year international SLS event [10, 11] (with Sp = 0.7) and will minimise non-structural and business disruption losses in small to moderate earthquakes.
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Alexandre, Jonas, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, Caio Lobato de Assis Paula e Silva, Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira, Veronica Scarpini Candido, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Technical Feasibility of Using Lightweight Concrete with Expanded Polystyrene in Civil Construction." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.347.
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The civil construction sector is considered among one of the most polluting to the environment because of the huge amount of wastes generated in its processes. Lighter and more rational structures not only reduces the amount of waste but also decrease the final price of the buildings and thus become more accessible to lower income population. One possible solution for reducing the weight of building structures is the application of light materials to the concrete, which represents a relatively larger part of the construction cost. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the compressive resistance of a concrete using expanded polystyrene (EPS), as an addition, by replacing the sand. This addition was found to provide lightness as well as economy and flexibility to structures. However, the highest strength obtained was 8.86 MPa. According to the results, it is recommended that the use of EPS should be restricted to non-structural concretes, for which the required strength is below 20 MPa, following the standards prescribed by the regulations.
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Lakatos, Akos. "Comparison of the Thermal Properties of Different Insulating Materials." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.381.
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Currently thermal insulating of the buildings is sorely needed from the point of view of energy as well as money savings. It is important to highlight that the most commonly used insulation materials in the building sector are the expanded polystyrene (EPS), the extruded polystyrene (XPS) and the fibrous (mineral, rock) ones. In this communication we confront 6 different insulating materials slabs (EPS 30, 100, 150, 200, a yellow XPS and a mineral wool by their thermal properties. Therefore two types of hypothetic building structures were created and they were insulated with the above presented materials from 0.01 m to 0.3 m thicknesses. For the calculations the thermal conductivity of each sample was determined using a Holometrix 2000 (HLS) heat flow meter. As a result their heat transfer coefficients, delaying abilities, energy storing capabilities and thermal diffusion coefficients were confronted. Besides a material constant had been defined and was paired with the measured thermal conductivity.
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Li, Chunxiao, Jingjing Xu, and Luxiaohe Zhang. "Can Emissions Trading System Aid Industrial Structure Upgrading?—A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on 249 Prefecture-Level Cities in China." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 10471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710471.
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Emissions trading system (ETS) is a market-based policy tool that essentially provides economic compensation for corporate environmental measures. The Chinese government implemented pilot emissions trading in 2007. In order to evaluate the effect of the policy, we conducted a quasi-natural experiment to collect the data of 249 prefecture-level cities in China from 2001 to 2020 and applied the difference-in-difference method to explore the impact of ETS on regional industrial structure. The results show that the implementation of ETS can promote the upgrading of regional industrial structure but can hinder the rationalization of the upgrading. The results of regional heterogeneity regression suggest that the effects of ETS pilots on industrial structure upgrading in three regions of China are significantly different, with the strongest one being the western region, followed by the central and eastern regions. Finally, we put forward some policy proposals in terms of technological innovations, implementation of ETS in different regions and ETS improvement.
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Raimundo, António M., Afonso M. Sousa, and A. Virgílio M. Oliveira. "Assessment of Energy, Environmental and Economic Costs of Buildings’ Thermal Insulation–Influence of Type of Use and Climate." Buildings 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020279.
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Among the aspects with major impacts on the energy and environmental performance of a building, the thermal insulation of the opaque elements of its envelope stands out. This work assesses the influence of the application of thermal insulation to the opaque elements of the building’s envelope on the thermal comfort conditions indoors; moreover, the influence of the thermal insulation on the energy, environmental, and economic costs over the building’s complete life cycle is evaluated. For this purpose, the three most commonly used thermal insulating materials (expanded polystyrene—EPS, extruded polystyrene—XPS, and mineral wool—MW), thicknesses between 0 (without insulation) and 40 cm, five climates (hot, warm, moderate, cold, and very cold), and six types of use (apartment, housing, clinic, school, bank branch, and supermarket) were considered. EPS reveals itself to be the most promising thermal insulation material, both in economic and environmental terms, so it was selected for this study. The EPS’ optimal thickness depends on the building’s type of use, the climate, and the perspective from which the assessment is carried out (energy, environmental, or economic). The results show that the economically optimal thicknesses of thermal insulation are significantly lower than the corresponding ones in environmental terms. Furthermore, the application of thermal insulation to the opaque building’s envelope is more beneficial in energy and environmental terms than from an economic perspective.
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Mello, Gláucia Nolasco de Almeida, Bárbara Elisa Ferreira, Marina R. B. Macedo, Carolina S. Oliveira, Marina X. S. Assis, and Luan G. Matos. "Análise de uma Estrutura de Concreto Armado e proposição de reforço para correção de falhas estruturais: Estudo de Caso." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 43 (November 20, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n43p140-151.
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The reinforced concrete structures degradation even before reaching useful life, is a very recurrent process in buildings, and it is necessary to execute corrective techniques to strengthen the structural elements. Therefore, it is noted that research in this field is very important to civil engineering. Consequently, the present study consisted in performing a static and dynamic analysis of a school building that presented structural flaws to identify the causes of it and propose a rehabilitation solution. Through the static analysis of the structure, performed with the CAD/TQS program, it was verified that the slabs and beams of the building were mostly executed with a thickness lower than ideal and that, in some slabs, the deflection obtained were higher than allowable. Through modal analysis, performed with Altair HyperWorks program, it was verified that the fourth, fifth and sixth vibration modes of the structure did not meet the ELS-VE, since they present natural frequencies between the critical range indicated by NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014), thus showing the occurrence of excessive vibration. As a result, a rehabilitation solution was proposed, using steel beams, which were calculated according to the methodology of NBR 8800 (ABNT, 2008) and, verified with the aid of Altair HyperWorks program. This methodology for strengthening the concrete structure was verified with the aid of the platform Altair HyperWorks, where it was concluded that the steel beam used are able to solve the problem with the excessive deflection in the slabs without harming the displacements of the beans who support them, maintaining unaltered the natural frequencies.
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Hossain, Md Delwar, Md Kamrul Hassan, Mahmoud Akl, Sameera Pathirana, Payam Rahnamayiezekavat, Grahame Douglas, Tanmay Bhat, and Swapan Saha. "Fire Behaviour of Insulation Panels Commonly Used in High-Rise Buildings." Fire 5, no. 3 (June 14, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5030081.
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The energy efficiency of buildings drives the replacement of traditional construction materials with lightweight insulating materials. However, energy-efficient but combustible insulation might contribute to the building’s fire load. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the reaction-to-fire properties of various insulating materials to provide a better understanding of designing a fire-safe structure. In this study, reaction-to-fire tests were carried out to assess the fire behaviour of lightweight polystyrene insulating panels commonly employed in high-rise buildings. The flammability characteristics of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) were determined using a cone calorimeter under two distinct external irradiance regimes, 35 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2, to approximate small to medium fire exposure situations. To investigate the effect of a fire-rated (FR) foil layer on a sandwich panel, three distinct test configurations were used: (i) sample without FR layer (standard sample), (ii) sample with FR layer (FR foil), and (iii) damaged layer (foil and vent) for EPS. Except for the smoke toxicity index (STI), the overall fire performance of EPS is superior to that of XPS. The findings of this study are useful in analysing fire performance and fire safety design for lightweight insulation panels.
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Işık, Ercan. "Structural Failures of Adobe Buildings during the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2023): 8937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158937.
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Türkiye experienced great destruction during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake couple which occurred as Pazarcık (Mw = 7.7) and Elbistan (Mw = 7.6) on 6 February 2023. The weak structural characteristics and the magnitude of the earthquakes caused more than 50,000 casualties. Significant damage occurred in both urban and rural building stock in 11 different provinces that were primarily affected by the earthquakes. The dominant building stock is masonry structures in the rural areas of the earthquake region. Structural damages at various levels have occurred in adobe masonry structures built using local labours and resources without any engineering service. The main purpose of this study is to examine the failure and collapse mechanisms of adobe structures after Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in detail. First of all, information about both earthquakes was given. The earthquake intensity for all provinces was obtained by using the peak ground acceleration-intensity relation suggested for Türkiye, taking into account the measured PGAs in earthquakes. The observed structural damages were evaluated in terms of earthquake and civil engineering in adobe structures. Damage classification was conducted using European Macro-Seismic Scale (EMS-98) for a total of 100 adobe buildings. Of these structures, 25% were destroyed, 49% were heavily damaged, 15% were damaged moderately, and 11% were damaged slightly. In addition, the rules regarding adobe structures were compared considering the last two earthquake design codes used in Türkiye. In the study, suggestions were also presented to prevent structural damage in the adobe buildings in the earthquake region. Low strength of adobe material, usage of heavy earthen roofs, failure to comply with earthquake-resistant building design principles, and insufficient support of load-bearing walls are the main causes of damage.
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Pokorný, Jaroslav, Lucie Zárybnická, Radek Ševčík, and Luboš Podolka. "Utilization of Waste-Expanded Thermoplastic as a Sustainable Filler for Cement-Based Composites for Greener Construction." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040990.
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Plastics represent an integral part of our everyday lives, with various functions from packaging materials to insulation layers in our buildings. Pure expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a good example of a fully recyclable material. However, once polluted with other materials or substances, EPS becomes a serious environmental burden. In this work, waste EPS for the production of greener building composites with balanced properties and utility value was investigated. Natural aggregate (2/4 mm) was substituted with corresponding fractions of a thermoplastic alternative in portions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 vol.%. The comprehensive experimental investigation evaluated physical and mechanical properties, heat transport and accumulation, and water absorption characteristics. Due to the uniformly distributed plastic particles in the hardened cement-based matrix, the data revealed an important reduction in the dead weight of produced mortars, which also reduced thermal conductivity by up to 47%. On one hand, lightweight mortars showed partially reduced mechanical resistivity; on the other hand, the EPS bead-modified structure turned out to be effective in liquid water transport reduction.
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FERTELLİ, Ahmet, and Mehmet BALTA. "Numerical Investigation of Flow Structures For Four Buildings at Different Distances." European Mechanical Science 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.667812.
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Brzev, Svetlana, Bishnu Pandey, Dev Kumar Maharjan, and Carlos Ventura. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Affected by the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 1_suppl (December 2017): 275–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120116eqs218m.
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Low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) frames with brick masonry infill walls up to five stories high have been used for housing construction in Nepal since the late 1980s. Many buildings of this type were damaged and/or collapsed in the 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (M 7.8), even in areas characterized with moderate shaking intensity such as Kathmandu Valley. Due to inadequate design and/or construction of RC frame components, these buildings essentially behave like masonry shear wall structures with a shear-dominant failure mechanism. The paper presents the findings of a field survey of 98 RC buildings affected by the 2015 earthquake. The main objective of the study was to correlate the observed damage in the buildings using the modified European macroseismic scale (EMS)-98 and the wall index (defined as the wall area in the direction of shaking divided by the total building plan area above the level of interest). The results can be used to help establish recommendations regarding the required wall index for low-rise RC buildings in Nepal.
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Bahrami, Alireza, Jonas Jakobsson, and Tobias Söderroos. "Factors Influencing Choice of Wooden Frames for Construction of Multi-Story Buildings in Sweden." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010217.
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Construction of buildings with wooden frames higher than two stories has been permitted in Sweden since 1994. As construction of multi-story buildings with wooden frames is relatively new, people in the construction industry are more likely to construct these buildings with concrete frames. The current research evaluates the factors influencing the choice of wooden frames for construction of multi-story buildings in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to explain which advantages and disadvantages construction companies in Sweden consider with wooden construction and to highlight the factors for why multi-story buildings are built with wood to a lesser extent than with other materials. The main goal is to investigate what factors or assumptions construction companies base their decisions on, and whether experience and competence in wooden frames for construction of multi-story buildings are considered in short supply in Sweden today. The chosen method for this research is a descriptive survey study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The survey is based on respondents from five leading building companies in Sweden with regard to the companies’ revenue. The respondents had either previous experience in constructing multi-story buildings with wooden frames, experienced respondents (ERs), or no experience, unexperienced respondents (UERs). 63% of the respondents were ERs, while 37% of them were UERs. It is resulted that the respondents think there is a lack of competence and experience in wooden frames for construction of multi-story buildings in Sweden. Factors that have the greatest impact on decisions to construct with wooden frames are positive environmental and climatic aspects as well as production advantages. Factors that are considered as major obstacles to construct with wooden frames are cost, acoustics, and moisture problems.
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Takabatake, Hideo, Fumiya Ikarashi, and Motohiro Matsuoka. "A simplified analysis of super building structures with setback." Earthquakes and Structures 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2011): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2011.2.1.043.
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Pyatikrestovsky, Konstantin P., Vladimir I. Travush, Alexander A. Pogoreltsev, and Alexander A. Klyukin. "DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURES FROM SOLID WOOD FOR OBJECTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2018-14-1-145-154.
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New prefabricated lightweight structures made of solid wood with connections for joining and building metal screws for wood are proposed. Manufacture and assembly of basic elements-bars with a cross-section of 15x15 cm can be carried out in line conditions on the simplest woodworking equipment. The use of local tim-ber material has a number of advantages (ecological, economic and operational). The description of structures with manufacturing process, examples of buildings with vaulted and hipped roofing, connection arrangement, preparation of experimental samples with the use of new equipment of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering are given. The method of analysis with allowance for plastic deformations is under consideration. It provides additional economic advantages. The analysis is carried out by the method of integral estimates developed by Prof. V.M. Bondarenko for reinforced concrete structures and adapted to wooden structures by Prof. K.P. Pyatikrestovsky. Special strength criteria are used for the analysis of decks working together with the ribs (in a combined stressed state). It is planned to build buildings for various purposes in the ar-eas of development of the Far North of Russia.
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Malhotra, Simpy, and Ravi Kiran. "Examining the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Perceived Behaviour, Intentions, and Competencies as Catalysts for Sustainable Growth: An Indian Perspective." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 13, 2023): 6617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086617.
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This research was undertaken with the objective of relating entrepreneurial perceived behaviour (EPB) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) with students’ perceptions of the United Nations sustainable development goals. The current research advances on from EPB and EI to analyse whether the study of entrepreneurial competencies (ECs) enhance the impact of EI on sustainable growth. Sustainable growth is measured through the perception of students regarding the United Nations SDGs, measured through SDG3, SDG8, SDG9, and SDG10. Earlier studies have linked EPB with EIs as entrepreneurship, in the long run, has to focus on sustainable growth. EPB comprises entrepreneurial attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms. ECs comprise leadership skills (LS); risk-taking skills (RTS); opportunity identification skills (OIS); perseverance skills (PS); and societal skills (SS). The study is based on a survey with data collected through a structured questionnaire from 480 engineering students. SEM-PLs was used to analyse the results. The outcomes suggest a direct relationship between EPB and EI, and EI and sustainable growth. However, as the main objective of the study was to find whether ECs enhance the impact of EIs with respect to ECs on sustainable growth, the results provide empirical support for EM-EI(ECs)-SG as there is a positive and significant indirect effect, suggesting complementary action, thus validating the proposed theoretical sustainable growth (SG). These outcomes suggest that there is a need to focus on ECs to improve the impact of EIs on SG.
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Wang, Xiangning, Qing Lin, and Jing Li. "Energy saving technology of wall insulation of harbor building based on energy cost analysis." Thermal Science 25, no. 6 Part A (2021): 4003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2106003w.
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Seaport buildings have been affected by marine moisture for a long time, but most of the wall thermal insulation studies have not considered the moisture transfer effect of the wall structure. Therefore, considering the moisture transfer function of the wall structure and the energy consumption of solar radiation, based on the energy cost analysis, the paper puts forward the research on the wall thermal insulation and energy-saving technology of the harbor building based on the energy cost analysis. Grey clustering is used to analyze the project cost and environmental benefits to determine the index weight. By using two kinds of thermal insulation materials and three kinds of insulation positions, the thermal performance and condensation characteristics of the wall are analyzed. It is found that increasing the thickness of the insulation layer is conducive to reducing the heat loss of the wall. Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) thermal insulation material is better than expandable polystyrene board (EPS) insulation material, while EPS is more economical and energy-saving than XPS.
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Park, Sangmin, SeolAh Park, Sang-Pil Yun, Kyungeun Lee, Byeongkwan Kang, Myeong-in Choi, Hyeonwoo Jang, and Sehyun Park. "Design and Implementation of a Futuristic EV Energy Trading System (FEETS) Connected with Buildings, PV, and ESS for a Carbon-Neutral Society." Buildings 13, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030829.
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To realize carbon neutrality, understanding the energy consumed in the building sector, which is more than that in other sectors, such as industry, agriculture, and commerce, is pivotal. Approximately 37% of energy consumption belongs to the building sector, and management of building energy is a critical factor. In this paper, we present an energy sharing scenario for energy stabilization, assuming that electric vehicles and their charging stations are widely distributed in the future. Consequently, fewer fuel cars will exist, and electric cars will become the major mode of transportation. Therefore, it is essential to install charging stations for electric vehicles in the parking lots of future buildings, and business models are expected to expand. In this paper, we introduce a future energy stabilization mechanism for peak power management in buildings and present a platform that entails connection-based energy trading technology based on a scenario. We also propose an energy supply strategy to prevent excess prices incurred due to peak consumption. Then, we analyzed the electricity bill for one month through scenario-based simulations of an existing building and the proposed system. When applying the proposed system, we derived a result that can reduce electricity rates by 38.3% (best case) to 78.5% (worst case) compared with the existing rates.
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A. Hussein, Ola, Mohammed J. Hamood, and Ahamed F. Khadum. "Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Analysis of Buildings Considering Soil Structure Interaction." Engineering and Technology Journal 34, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 1755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.34.9a.4.
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Krishnamoorthy, A. "Effect of soil-structure interaction for a building isolated with FPS." Earthquakes and Structures 4, no. 3 (March 25, 2013): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.4.3.285.
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Moudud Ahmmed, Zainul Abedin, Subrata Paul, Golam Kibria Bhuiyan, Hafijur Rahaman, Mohammad Afzal Hossain, Monirul Islam, and Arafat Ullah khan. "Development of lightweight building blocks using expanded polystyrene." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2023.17.2.0402.
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This study aimed to develop lightweight building blocks using Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) with varying percentages, assess their properties, including density, water absorption, porosity, and compressive strength, and evaluate the unit cost of the blocks. The heat-passing rate of the blocks was also investigated. EPS blocks were produced at the Concrete and Materials Testing Laboratory in the Farm Structure and Environmental Engineering Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Local sand and ordinary Portland cement were utilized, with the EPS bead sizes ranging from 2.36mm to 6.35mm. Five different percentages of EPS beads (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were selected for each block, and the cement-to-sand ratio was 1:4. A total of 75 EPS blocks were fabricated and cured in water for 28 days. The results showed that the density was highest for 0% EPS blocks (2139.75 kg/m3) and lowest for 20% EPS blocks (1699.08 kg/m3). Water absorption was most insufficient for 0% EPS blocks (4.39%) and highest for 20% EPS blocks (9.07%). The porosity was highest for 20% EPS blocks (14.37%) and lowest for 0% EPS blocks (6.74%). The heat passing rate was minimal for 0% EPS blocks and highest for 20% EPS blocks. Compressive strength was highest for 0% EPS blocks (13.37 MPa), moderate for 10% EPS blocks (10.87 MPa), and lowest for 20% EPS blocks (8.94 MPa). The unit cost of 100 blocks was highest for 0% EPS blocks (15.18 USD) and lowest for 20% EPS blocks (13.28 USD). Overall, the EPS blocks are recommended for construction due to their durability and compressive strength.
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Işık, Ercan, Mangeshkumar R. Shendkar, Fatih Avcil, Aydın Büyüksaraç, and Sandip S. Deshpande. "A Study on the Determination of Damage Levels in Reinforced Concrete Structures during the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on February 06, 2023." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 04029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340504029.
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Planning for settlement and urban redevelopment following disastrous earthquakes depends on the early detection and control of structural damage. The first damage assessment to be made immediately after the earthquake should be done as practically and quickly as possible. Within the scope of the study, the general causes of damage to the reinforced-concrete buildings in the region affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake couple dated 06 February 2023, which can be called the disaster of the century for Türkiye, and the first damage assessments were made using the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) for 30 different reinforced concrete structures. This method gives six different building examples for each of the five different damage levels. Considering the buildings used in damage level, information is given about the causes and consequences of the damage. In general, it is the main cause of insufficient reinforced concrete frame damage as well as the effects of structural negativities such as soft storey, short columns, etc.
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Takabatake, Hideo. "Two-dimensional rod theory for approximate analysis of building structures." Earthquakes and Structures 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2010): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.1.001.
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Liu, Yuxin, and Zhitao Lu. "Seismic behavior of suspended building structures with semi-rigid connections." Earthquakes and Structures 7, no. 4 (October 30, 2014): 415–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.4.415.
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Zhang, Zhenyu, Shixian Li, Aidi Chen, Xin Jin, Junjian Lan, Yuyao Liu, and Hsi-Hsien Wei. "Enhancing Buildings’ Energy Resilience by Dynamic Seismic Emergency Inspection and Restoration Scheduling in Multiple Systems." Buildings 13, no. 10 (October 16, 2023): 2610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102610.
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Buildings’ energy resilience in natural disasters is reliant on the support of the functionalities of critical infrastructure that the buildings connect to, such as highway-bridge and electric power systems. Meanwhile, as critical infrastructure systems have increasingly become interconnected and interdependent, they are more susceptible to natural hazards and less able to withstand their effects. Insufficient research has been conducted regarding computational models of effectively representing the interdependencies and interactions involved in the restoration scheduling of post-disaster critical infrastructure systems. To address this research gap, this study proposes integer programs, integrating hybrid genetic algorithms, to explicitly investigate the impact of interactions and interdependencies between electric power systems (EPSs) and highway-bridge systems (HBSs) on the energy-recovery processes of buildings. The objective is to dynamically prioritize the restoration scheduling for EPSs and HBSs while considering inspection and restoration activities. A case study based on the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan province, China, is employed to validate the efficacy of the proposed method. The results of the analysis reveal that the dynamic model exhibits a substantial 6.4% improvement in building energy resilience at the seven-day mark, compared to the static model. Moreover, the proposed coupled EPS–HBS inspection–restoration joint model outperforms a disjoint EPS inspection–restoration scheduling model, yielding a remarkable 11.4% enhancement in system resilience at the seven-day mark. These findings underscore the significance of considering interdependencies and interactions within critical infrastructure systems to enhance the energy resilience of buildings in earthquake-affected areas.
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Lyu, Chaofeng, Shuxin Deng, and Zewei Dai. "Emissions Trading Systems, Structure Adjustment and Air Pollution Reduction: Evidence from Enterprises in China." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 6158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076158.
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Using a Chinese-city-piloted emissions trading system (ETS)’s survey data, this study provides nationwide causal estimates of the reduction effects of the implementation of an ETS on air pollution (AP) at the enterprise level. We employ a multiperiod difference-in-differences model to control for potential endogenous problems. The results indicate that the implementation of an ETS significantly reduces the AP of enterprises in pilot areas by 6.96%, and that the effect has a dynamic effect. Heterogeneity analyses show that the emissions reduction effect of an ETS will differ for various enterprises. In terms of region, the implementation of an ETS significantly reduces the AP of eastern, central, and western enterprises by 11.46%, 5.31%, and 12.37%, respectively; in terms of scale, small- and medium-sized enterprises benefit the most (7.69%), followed by large enterprises (1.73%); and in terms of ownership, private enterprises achieve a 7.27% reduction in AP. Additionally, we find that the AP reduction effect is realized by the adjustment of enterprises’ energy and production structures rather than by adding air sewage equipment. Overall, since China is the largest AP emitter worldwide, this study will not only have important implications for sustainable development in China but also the world, providing a scientific basis for starting pilot policies in other developing countries.
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Xue, Yun, Rong Wu, and Hui Xia Wen. "The Main Control Measures of Envelope Insulation Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.593.
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The construction of envelope insulation building is an important part of building energy-saving engineering. For the strict control of the external structure, is to promote the most effective mean of building energy efficiency. EPS thermal insulation system and exterior window insulation system as external structure of the master project, the construction should be integrated control system strengthening.
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Hwang, Kyung Ran, and Han Seon Lee. "Seismic performance of a 10-story RC box-type wall building structure." Earthquakes and Structures 9, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 1193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.6.1193.
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Molarn, M. A., P. S. E. Ang, R. B. Ali, and M. H. B. Zaini. "The effectiveness of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in solving railway project management issues in Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1347, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012051.
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Abstract Railway projects involve complex planning and management as compared to regular construction projects, but BIM can simplify and improve the management of these projects. MRT 2 faced problems like design discrepancies and coordination issues, while Gemas - JB ETS encountered issues with construction changes, cost overruns, and project delays. Hence, this research intends to investigate the project management issues and examine the effectiveness of BIM implementation in solving project management issues in railway construction projects in Malaysia. A qualitative study was executed by conducting semi-structured interview on BIM professionals from the MRT 2 and Gemas-JB ETS railway construction projects. Six purposively selected respondents from the railway construction industry were interviewed, achieving data saturation. The main issues discovered were lack of communication, lack of coordination, clashes in construction, redesign and unrealistic schedules. The said issues mainly occurred during pre – construction stage. The level of BIM effectiveness in MRT 2 is high when full BIM was implemented as compared to Gemas – JB ETS that have low effectiveness when partial BIM was implemented. The findings of this study is able to show that full BIM implementation in a project management can greatly enhance coordination and efficiency while reducing costs in the railway industry.
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Qian, Kun, Miao Wang, Guang Hui Jia, and Yuan Xia. "Research on Optimization Design of EPS Module Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.405.
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Advantages of EPS module Reinforced concrete frame structure are enormous. For example, High precision, low cost, fast construction speed, low energy consumption. It has a wide application prospect in town building and post disaster reconstruction, cold region housing industrialization and other fields. It must have considerable economic benefit, if we can optimize the design reasonable on EPS module Reinforced concrete frame structure. As the design variables, constraint conditions, calculation and other reasons. In fact we are not on the EPS module Reinforced concrete frame structure to optimize the design of effective. This paper analyzed the EPS module of reinforced concrete frame structure and engineering optimization design theory development trend, research on EPS module of reinforced concrete frame structure optimization design problem and discusses the EPS module structure of reinforced concrete frame structure optimization design of the feasibility of using genetic algorithm.
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Chieffo, Nicola, Iasmina Onescu, Antonio Formisano, Marius Mosoarca, and Marius Palade. "Integrated Empirical-mechanical Seismic Vulnerability Analysis Method for Masonry Buildings in Timișoara: Validation based on the 2009 Italian Earthquake." Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 314–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010314.
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Background: Timisoara is one of the most important Romanina cities, located in the Banat area and characterised by shallow earthquakes with high ground motion vertical component. The seismicity of the area, in accordance with the P-100 Romanian Code, is affected by medium-high hazard level with an expected maximum PGA of 0.20 g. From a historical-artistic point of view, the city of Timisoara is full of monumental buildings of inestimable values and it was declared as the European Capital of Culture for 2021. Aims: The present work aims to investigate the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings located in the districts of Fabric and Iosefin, which were grouped in typology classes based on the EMS-98 scale according to their geometrical and structural characteristics. Methods: The performed vulnerability analysis is based on a combined empirical-mechanical procedure to estimate the propensity at the damage of the buildings surveyed. Results: A specific formulation was proposed for typological vulnerability curves of building classes of the examined area, which were calibrated on the basis of the damages detected after occurred earthquakes. Conclusion: The proposed formulation was validated from the application to an urban sector of the municipality of San Pio delle Camere (Italy), which was damaged after the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake.
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JAKAB, Dominiq, Ioan MARGINEAN, and Dan DUBINA. "Robustness capacity of multistorey steel structures in case of fire after earthquake events." Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series A: Mathematics, Physics, Technical Sciences, Information Science 24, no. 1 (November 15, 2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/pra-ser.a.24.1.09.
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The study summarised in the present paper has investigated the post-earthquake robustness of multistorey steel framed structure prone to fire action. Building Frames, i.e., homogeneous system with moment resisting frames (MRFs) on one direction and centrically braced frames (CBFs) with inverted V braces on the other direction, of 4 and 8 stories, as case study structures, are numerically analysed. The structures were designed according to the relevant codes for persistent and seismic design situations in 2 locations with different seismicity. The structures were assessed and optimized for seismic loading using a push-over analysis. Afterwards, the robustness capacity was checked against thermal action, through a nonlinear dynamic analysis, using Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) software [8].
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Fukumoto, Yoshiyuki, and Izuru Takewaki. "Critical earthquake input energy to connected building structures using impulse input." Earthquakes and Structures 9, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 1133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.6.1133.
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Yang, Yan Min, and Hao Zhang. "Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviors of All-Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Beams and Slabs." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.398.
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The use of lightweight and energy saving materials is the main trend of modern building and construction technology. All-lightweight aggregate concrete, which is a new type of lightweight aggregate concrete, not only has all the advantages of light weight concrete but also a lower apparent density of 600kg/m3. At present, the commonly-used energy-saving organic insulation materials include the EPS insulation and polyurethane insulation. The paper presents a new type of all-lightweight inorganic aggregate concrete by replacing organic material, in order to obtain a lightweight, energy-efficient building structure which synthesizes the load-bearing capacity, lightweight and energy-saving. Tests on the flexural behaviors of 11 all-lightweight aggregate concrete beams and 6 slabs were conducted. The effects of steel reinforcement ratio and loading distribution on the flexural and shear behaviors and method to calculate the load carrying capacity were carried out. The feasibility of application of all-lightweight aggregate concrete on multi-story buildings and to replace common reinforced concrete members in bending was discussed. The experimental study in the paper can provide a basis of the lightweight and energy-saving multi-story structure.
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Malekinejad, Mohsen, and Reza Rahgozar. "Free vibration analysis of tall buildings with outrigger-belt truss system." Earthquakes and Structures 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2011): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2011.2.1.089.
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Davydiuk, Tetiana, and Tetiana Miroshnichenko. "Financial structure as a component of the company's management accounting system." Economics: time realities 5, no. 51 (October 28, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/etr.05.2020.3.
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The article defines the importance of building a financial structure for management accounting, the basic principles and approaches in the formation of responsibility centers, analyzes the methods of their formation, considers the classification of their types. Particular attention is paid to taking into account such aspects when building a financial structure such as: defining the type of financial responsibility center, which will act as the top of the financial structure, describing the relationship between them, detailing the hierarchy of responsibility centers, and distributing financial responsibility between the heads of the centers. It has been established what requirements the applicant for the head of the responsibility center must meet, his rights, duties and responsibilities. The emphasis is on the restructuring of the management accounting system in the need to generate information about the centers of responsibility.
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Gun, She Son, Ildus I. Galyautdinov, and Vladimir Yu Konyukhov. "Problems of placing advertising structures on the facades of buildings in Irkutsk." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 9, no. 2 (2019): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2019-2-452-461.
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The purpose of the study is to develop a proposal for solving the problem of placing advertising structures on the facades of buildings in Irkutsk. The question of monitoring the state of facades of buildings is con-sidered from the perspective of the authorised or unauthorised placement of advertising structures and signs, as well as compliance of this placement with public safety, the intellectual property of building own-ers and other legal requirements, taking into account the interests of municipal authorities and business and the introduction of technologies aimed at cost reduction and optimisation of business processes at the mu-nicipal enterprise “Irkutsk Technical Inventory Bureau". Systemic, complex, functional, statistical and com-parative analysis methods were used in combination with expert studies and statistical predictions. Various preferences in solving the problem under study were revealed by means of a sociological survey. The solu-tions of the problem of monitoring the state of the facades of buildings from the position of placing adver-tising structures on them in Irkutsk, the introduction of technologies aimed at cost reduction and optimisa-tion of business processes at the municipal enterprise Irkutsk Technical Inventory Bureau" were shown. As well as the desire of entrepreneurs to diversify advertisements due to commercial interests. The desire of guests, tourists should be explained by their desire to travel and enjoy the rest in an urban environment that pleases the eye and soul. The desire of business guests in this regard somewhat does not coincide with the aspirations of tourists, but they are also attracted by originality, uniqueness and diversity.
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Formisano, Antonio, Nicola Chieffo, Francesco Clementi, and Marius Mosoarca. "Influence of Local Site Effects on the Typological Fragility Curves for Class-Oriented Masonry Buildings in Aggregate Condition." Open Civil Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010149.
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Background: The Municipality of Baranello, located in the province of Campobasso, is considered as a reference case study for implementing a systematic procedure for the assessment of local site effects. The territory is characterised by a heterogeneous soil, made of a basal interval formed in large part by outcrops found along with the middle-basal bands of the local slopes, which is particularly sensitive to geo-hazard effects. Aims: The present work aims to investigate the influence of local site effects on the seismic vulnerability of an oriented- class of masonry building compounds. The historical buildings surveyed are mainly made up of rough stone masonry, particularly vulnerable to seismic phenomena. The buildings are appropriately grouped in typological classes based on the CARTIS form and then subdivided into different categories according to the EMS-98 scale based on their geometrical and structural characteristics. Methods: The performed vulnerability analysis is based on a vulnerability-index method conceived for buildings grouped in aggregate condition. Moreover, the expected damage scenario is properly evaluated based on a specific attenuation law to take into consideration the effect produced by a reference scenario event. Furthermore, the local site conditions have been evaluated based on a 1D half space approach in order to predict the possible increment of the expected damage due to the soil stratigraphy. Results: The local site conditions provide a global increment of the expected vulnerability of 33% with respect to the case in which the geo-hazard effects are neglected. In this activity framework, typological fragility curves are derived for comparing the exceeding probability thresholds for the examined building classes. Conclusion: The proposed research represents an important starting point for large-scale vulnerability assessment since it provides a simplified and comprehensive method for predicting seismic damage scenarios of historic center considering local site effects.
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Pittau, Francesco, Dayana Giacomel, Giuliana Iannaccone, and Laura Malighetti. "ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF REFURBISHMENT VERSUS DEMOLITION AND RECONSTRUCTION: A COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF AN ITALIAN CASE STUDY." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.15.4.155.
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ABSTRACT In the building sector, new standards for energy efficiency are reducing the energy consumption and the carbon emissions for building operation to nearly zero. As a result, the greenhouse gas emissions and related environmental impacts from materials production, and especially insulation, are becoming key factors. In the near future, most of the building stock is expected to be refurbished and a great amount of construction materials will be consequently required. A relevant share of waste is generated from building construction and demolition and limiting the volume is a priority of the EU community. In this work the renovation of industrial buildings in a dismissed area located in Lecco, Italy, was considered as a case study. Five alternative construction systems (EPS, WOOD, ROCK, PU, HEMP) for renovating the building envelopes were assumed, and a life cycle assessment (LCA) adopted in order to measure the environmental impact of each alternative. The results were compared with a scenario which included demolition and reconstruction of a similar building with the same net volume and thermal resistance. The results showed that timber and concrete are the most environmentally friendly materials to rebuild the structures in case of demolition, contrary to steel which leads generally to higher environmental impacts, except land use. In general, EPS, WOOD and HEMP technological alternatives accounted for the highest scores, both in terms of burdens on the ecosystems and on depletion of resources, while ROCK accounted for the lowest scores. Finally, refurbishment scenarios generally accounted for a lower global warming potential (GWP) even if demolition, waste treatment and the benefit from recycling/reuse are taken into account.
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Nik, Farhad Abedi, and Faramarz Khoshnoudian. "Strength reduction factor for multistory building-soil systems." Earthquakes and Structures 6, no. 3 (March 25, 2014): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.3.301.
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