Academic literature on the topic 'Buildings – Energy conservation – Mathematical models'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Buildings – Energy conservation – Mathematical models.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Buildings – Energy conservation – Mathematical models"
1
Wang, Yiqiong. "Application of Deep Learning Model in Building Energy Consumption Prediction." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4835259.
Full textAbstract:
In order to achieve China’s energy conservation and emission reduction goal of peaking carbon dioxide emissions around 2030, it is of great significance. An important means of building energy conservation and emission reduction is the fine management of building energy consumption, which is based on the accurate prediction of building energy consumption, so as to support the optimal management of building operation and achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper puts forward the evaluation indexes of the results of the building energy consumption prediction model, uses MAPE and RMSE indexes to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction results of the model, and uses the prediction time and input parameter dimensions to evaluate the time cost of the prediction model. Then, using the three building energy consumption prediction models based on machine learning algorithm established above, the prediction of energy consumption of four types of public buildings in different seasons is completed, and the prediction results are evaluated and analyzed. According to the prediction results and the requirements of related work on the accuracy of building energy consumption prediction model, the adaptation relationship between different types of buildings and different machine learning algorithm prediction models is summarized.
2
Manapbaev, I. K., and M. D. Kutuev. "APPLICATION OF IT FOR THE DESIGN OF THERMAL PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS IN THE REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY." Herald of KSUCTA, №2, Part 1, 2022, no. 2-1-2022 (April 30, 2022): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2022.2.283-288.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the problems of ensuring thermal protection of buildings in the conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic. Analyzed the main barriers to the implementation of energy conservation policy and energy security in the country. The main directions of thermal protection from the point of view of the ecological and economic essence, the conditions for ensuring the energy efficiency of the designed and reconstructed buildings in the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic have been investigated. The main factors hindering the implementation of these tasks in practice are considered. The main stages of software development for thermal calculation of building envelopes are listed. Mathematical models have been selected for the optimal design of building envelopes, taking into account the climatic features of the construction area. The choice of the C ++ programming language as a programming tool is thoroughly analyzed and substantiated. The prerequisites for creating software for determining the feasibility of using a certain set of heat-insulating materials for enclosing structures have been established.
3
Xu, Zhao, Yang Zhang, Heng Li, and Qiming Li. "Study on Building Information Modeling Based Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Decision Making Analysis for Building Construction." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 7212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5694.
Full textAbstract:
Energy consumption by and emissions from buildings contribute greatly to environmental degradation. Currently, an important tool in the study of architectural conservation design is LCA (life-cycle assessment), with the goal of minimizing energy consumption and environmental impact. The research suggests a method to apply LCA analysis and BIM technology to design 3D BIM models and define the relationship between BIM elements and architectural materials. The obvious advantages of combining BIM with LCA have resulted in its wide use for building life cycle assessment. The study propose here quantitative analysis of environmental impact by construction and build an index database for environmental impact assessment of building projects based on analytical hierarchy process. The design plan of the Teaching and Research Building of a University in Nanjing China is taken as the example to calculate energy consumption in response models formed from construction data. From these modeled calculations, then the key environmental impact factors were analyzed. The objective is to suggest an integrated solution to BIM-based environmental impact assessment of building construction and also provide a theoretical support for optimized building design. This case study demonstrates the utility of BIM when performing LCA, providing most of the information needed to perform LCA.
4
Lu, Chenyu, Xiaowan Liu, Tong Zhang, Ping Huang, Xianglong Tang, and Yueju Wang. "Comprehensive Measurement of the Coordinated Development of China’s Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Conservation." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 6149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176149.
Full textAbstract:
Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels have become the main energy source for economic development. However, fossil fuels have also been linked to serious environmental impacts. China has recently undergone rapid economic growth, but its development model demands large amounts of energy and causes severe pollution. Therefore, there has been a recent shift toward the development of coordinated strategies to achieve economic growth while minimizing energy consumption and preserving the environment. This study sought to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordination degree between economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental conservation (i.e., the “3E” system) in China, thus establishing a basis to improve coordinated development and minimize regional differences. This study evaluated 30 Chinese provinces using mathematical models. Between 2000 and 2019, the coordinated development level of the components of the 3E system in China increased steadily but remained generally low. Clear spatial agglomeration was also identified at the provincial scale, with the highest values occurring on the east coast and lower values occurring in the west and middle provinces.
5
Tong, C., and A. Gluhovsky. "Gyrostatic extensions of the Howard-Krishnamurti model of thermal convection with shear." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 15, no. 1 (February 6, 2008): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-15-71-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Howard & Krishnamurti (1986) low-order model (LOM) of Rayleigh-Bénard convection with spontaneous vertical shear can be extended to incorporate various additional physical effects, such as externally forced vertical shear and magnetic field. Designing such extended LOMs so that their mathematical structure is isomorphic to those of systems of coupled gyrostats, with damping and forcing, allows for a modular approach while respecting conservation laws. Energy conservation (in the limit of no damping and forcing) prevents solutions that diverge to infinity, which are present in the original Howard & Krishnamurti LOM. The first LOM developed here (as a candidate model of transverse rolls) involves adding a new Couette mode to represent externally forced vertical shear. The second LOM is a modification of the Lantz (1995) model for magnetoconvection with shear. The modification eliminates an invariant manifold in the original model that leads to potentially unphysical behavior, namely solutions that diverge to infinity, in violation of energy conservation. This paper reports the first extension of the coupled gyrostats modeling framework to incorporate externally forced vertical shear and magnetoconvection with shear. Its aim is to demonstrate better model building techniques that avoid pathologies present in earlier models; consequently we do not focus here on analysis of dynamics or model validation.
6
Qin, Yongrui, Meng Zhao, Qingcheng Lin, Xuefeng Li, and Jing Ji. "Data-Driven Building Energy Consumption Prediction Model Based on VMD-SA-DBN." Mathematics 10, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10173058.
Full textAbstract:
Prediction of building energy consumption using mathematical modeling is crucial for improving the efficiency of building energy utilization, assisting in building energy consumption planning and scheduling, and further achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. In consideration of the non-linear and non-smooth characteristics of building energy consumption time series data, a short-term, hybrid building energy consumption prediction model combining variational mode decomposition (VMD), a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, and a deep belief network (DBN) is proposed in this study. In the proposed VMD-SA-DBN model, the VMD algorithm decomposes the time series into different modes to reduce the fluctuation of the data. The SA-DBN prediction model is built for each mode separately, and the DBN network structure parameters are optimized by the SA algorithm. The prediction results of each model are aggregated and reconstructed to obtain the final prediction output. The validity and prediction performance of the proposed model is evaluated on a publicly available dataset, and the results show that the proposed new model significantly improves the accuracy and stability of building energy consumption prediction compared with several typical machine learning methods. The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of the VMD-SA-DBN model is 63.7%, 65.5%, 46.83%, 64.82%, 44.1%, 36.3%, and 28.3% lower than that of the long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), VMD-LSTM, VMD-GRU, DBN, SA-DBN, and VMD-DBN models, respectively. The results will help managers formulate more-favorable low-energy emission reduction plans and improve building energy efficiency.
7
Korolchenko, D. A., and S. V. Puzach. "Introduction of a flame suppression pattern into integrated and zone models used to analyze the dynamics of hazardous factors of indoor fires." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2021.30.02.78-87.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Fire risk calculation is performed to substantiate the compliance of space planning solutions of buildings and structures with fire safety requirements. The calculation of time needed for hazardous factors of fire to block evacuation routes is performed with account for unlimited fire propagation. The only system, whose operation is taken into account if the fire risk value is exceeded, is the smoke ventilation system. The operation of other fire safety systems is disregarded due to the unavailability of reliable engineering methods of analysis of their influence on fire escalation. The problem of development of modified mathematical models, used to analyze the fire escalation pattern, with account to be taken of the process of fire extinguishing and its influence on fire propagation, is relevant. The purpose of this research is to develop common principles that allow to take account of the pattern of fire suppression in solid materials and combustible liquids by fire extinguishing substances having various origins and degrees of dispersion, if the fire extinguishing substances are added to integrated and zone models of development of hazardous factors of fire escalation.Calculation methodology. The calculations are based on the equation compiled in furtherance of principles of conservation of mass and energy in the flame zone above the surface of the combustible material.Research results. The co-authors suggest general principles for the introduction of a flame suppression pattern into integrated and zone models used to analyze the evolution of hazardous factors of indoor fires. The coauthors present the main provisions and parameters needed to modify integrated and zone models in case of different methods of fire extinguishing. The co-authors have analyzed hazardous factors of fire with account for the flame suppression pattern.Conclusions. The co-authors applied the research findings to develop the modified integrated and zone models that allow to analyze the dynamics of hazardous factors of fire with account for the extinguishing of solid materials and combustible fluids by fire extinguishing substances having various origins and degrees of dispersion.
8
Almasarani, Ahmed, Imtiaz K. Ahmad, Mohamed F. El-Amin, and Tayeb Brahimi. "Experimental Investigations and Modeling of Atmospheric Water Generation Using a Desiccant Material." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 6834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186834.
Full textAbstract:
Harvesting atmospheric water by solar regenerated desiccants is a promising water source that is energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and viable. However, the generated amounts of water are still insignificant. Therefore, more intensive fundamental research must be undertaken involving experiments and modeling. This paper describes several experiments, which were conducted to predict and improve the behavior of water absorption/desorption by the Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) desiccant, where the uncertainty did not exceed ±3.5%. The absorption effect in a deep container was studied experimentally and then amplified by pumping air into the solution. The latter measured water absorption/desorption by a thin solution layer under variable ambient conditions. Pumping air inside deep liquid desiccant containers increased the water absorption rate to 3.75% per hour, yet when using a thin layer of the solution, it was found to have increased to 6.5% per hour under the same conditions. The maximum amount of absorbed water and water vapor partial pressure relation was investigated, and the mean absolute error between the proposed formula and measured water content was 6.9%. An empirical formula, a one-dimensional mathematical model, was then developed by coupling three differential equations and compared to experimental data. The mean absolute error of the model was found to be 3.13% and 7.32% for absorption and desorption, respectively. Governing mathematical conservation equations were subsequently formulated. The mathematical and empirical models were combined and solved numerically. Findings obtained from the simulation were compared to experimental data. Additionally, several scenarios were modeled and tested for Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, under various conditions.
9
Al-Maliki, Wisam Abed Kattea, Hayder Q. A. Khafaji, Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab, Hussein M. H. Al-Khafaji, Falah Alobaid, and Bernd Epple. "Advances in Process Modelling and Simulation of Parabolic Trough Power Plants: A Review." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155512.
Full textAbstract:
The common design of thermal power plants is fundamentally oriented towards achieving a high-process performance, with market demands necessitating enhanced operational stability as a result of ongoing global support for renewable energy sources. Indeed, dynamic simulation represents one useful and cost-effective choice for optimizing the flexibility of parabolic trough power plants (PTPP) in a range of transient operating conditions, such as weather changes, resulting again in variations of the output load as well as varying start-up times. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of steady-state and dynamic modelling for PTPP design, development, and optimization. This gives us a greater opportunity for a broad understanding of the PTPPs subjected to a variety of irradiance solar constraints. The most important features of the steady-state and their uses are reviewed, and the most important programs used in steady-state modelling are also highlighted. In addition, the start-up process of the plant, thermal storage system capacities and response dynamics (charging and discharging modes), and yearly electricity yield can be analyzed using dynamic modelling. Depending on the dynamic simulation, specific uses can be realized, including control loop optimization, load estimation for critical in-service equipment, and emergency safety assessment of power plants in the event of an outage. Based on this review, a detailed overview of the dynamic simulation of PTPP, and its development and application in various simulation programs, is presented. Here, a survey of computational dynamic modelling software commonly applied for commercial and academic applications is performed, accompanied by various sample models of simulation programs such as APROS, DYNAMICS, DYMOLA, and ASPEN PLUS. The simulation programs generally depend on the conservation equations of mass, momentum, species, and energy. However, for the equation of equilibrium, specific mathematical expressions rely on the basic flow model. The essential flow models involved, together with the basic assumptions, are presented, and are supplemented through a general survey covering popular simulation programs. Various previous research on the dynamic simulation of the PTPP are reviewed and analyzed in this paper. Here, several studies in the literature regarding the dynamic simulation of the PTPP are addressed and analyzed. Specific consideration is given to the studies including model verification, in order to explore the effect of modelling assumptions regarding the simulation outputs.
10
Oravec, Jakub, Ondřej Šikula, and Iva Nováková. "An Evaluation of the Mathematical Models of Energy Piles." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2020-0006.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA current trend is to reduce the energy performance of buildings by using alternative sources for heating and cooling. One of the most promising, and so far unprecedented sources of heating and cooling, is the use of energy from the earth using the thermally-activated foundation piles of a building, the so-called energy piles. The paper deals with an overview and comparison of computer-aided analytical models of energy piles. The individual analytical models are compared (categorized) from the point of view of their physical complexity, computational costs, and thus their usability for the purpose of optimizing energy-pile equipment or assessing the long-term energy efficiency of an energy pile field. Selected mathematical models were algorithmized, and the results obtained were compared with a more robust numerical solution performed using CalA 4 software.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Buildings – Energy conservation – Mathematical models"
1
Lam, King-hang, and 林勁恆. "Techniques for dynamic modelling of BIPV in supporting system design and BEMS." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558460.
Full text
2
Rysanek, Adam. "A method for deep building retrofit decision-making using sequential models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648419.
Full text
3
Ramkrishnan, Karthik. "Optimal Investment Strategy for Energy Performance Improvements in Existing Buildings." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19855.
Full textAbstract:
Current global efforts for energy conservation and optimization are focused on improvements in energy supply and production systems, and on encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient devices and equipment. However, systematic assessments of economic and technical implications when adopting energy-efficient alternative systems in buildings have not yet been explored thoroughly. The uncertainty about the consequences of investing in alternative energy-efficient systems has led to a prolonged utilization of obsolete building systems (underperforming HVAC systems, inefficient lighting systems, badly maintained and equipment, and so forth). This has led to overall poor energy efficiency, creating considerable burden on the building operation budget.
This research discusses the procedure for formulating an investment strategy to improve existing building energy performance. The approach is suitable for large building portfolios where a plethora of potential refurbishment interventions can be considered. This makes our approach especially suited for use on university campuses and most of this report will focus on that particular application utilization protocols especially for use on campuses. This investment model only looks at the energy related savings versus investments; it is well understood that the ultimate selection of the optimal set of improvement options of a portfolio will be determined by additional considerations, such as overall value, occupant satisfaction, productivity improvements, aesthetics, etc. Nevertheless, many campus managers are confronted with the question how much energy they can save with a given investment amount. This is exactly what our approach helps to answer.
The investment optimization strategy is implemented in software "InvEnergy," which systematically calculates the costs and benefits of all possible building-technology pairings, taking uncertainties in the saving/investment calculations and estimates into account. This tool empowers decision makers in facility management to make complex investment decisions during continuous building commissioning.
4
El, Moueddeb Khaled. "Principles of energy and momentum conservation to analyze and model air flow for perforated ventilation ducts." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42024.
Full textAbstract:
A theoretical model was developed to predict the air distribution pattern and thus to design perforated ventilation ducts equipped with a fan. The analysis of the air distribution pattern of such systems requires accurate measurement procedures. Several experimental methods were tested and compared. Accordingly, the piezometric flush taps and thermo-anemometer were selected to measure respectively the duct air pressure and the outlet air flow.Based on the equations of energy and momentum conservation, a model was formulated to predict the air flow performance of perforated ventilation ducts and to evaluate the outlet discharge angle and the duct regain coefficients without evaluating frictional losses. The basic assumptions of the model were validated by experimentally proving the equivalence of the friction losses expressed in the 2 cited equations. When compared to experimental results measured from four wooden perforated ventilation ducts with aperture ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, the model predicted the outlet air flow along the full length of perforated duct operated under turbulent flow conditions with a maximum error of 9%. The regain coefficient and the energy correction factor were equal to one, and the value of the discharge coefficient remained constant at 0.65, along the full length of the perforated duct. The outlet air jet discharge angle varied along the entire duct length, and was not influenced by friction losses for turbulent flow.
Assuming a common effective outlet area, the model was extended to match the performance of the fan and the perforated duct and to determine their balance operating point.
5
Anasis, John George. "A Combined Energy and Geoengineering Optimization Model (CEAGOM) for Climate Policy Analysis." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2620.
Full textAbstract:
One of the greatest challenges that will face humanity in the 21st century is the issue of climate change brought about by emissions of greenhouse gases. Energy use is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions. However, it is also one of the most important contributors to improved human welfare over the past two centuries and will continue to be so for years to come. This quandary has led a number of researchers to suggest that geoengineering may be required in order to allow for continued use of fossil fuels while at the same time mitigating the effects of the associated greenhouse gas emissions on the global climate. The goal of this research was to develop a model that would allow decision-makers and policy analysts to assess the optimal mix of energy and geoengineering resources needed to meet global or regional energy demand at the lowest cost while accounting for appropriate emissions, greenhouse gas concentration, or temperature rise constraints. The resulting software model is called the Combined Energy and Geoengineering Optimization Model (CEAGOM). CEAGOM was then used to analyze the recently announced U.S.-China emissions agreement and to assess what the optimal global energy resource mix might be over the course of the 21st century, including the associated potential need for geoengineering. These analyses yielded optimal mixes of energy and geoengineering resources that could be used to inform regional and global energy and climate management strategies.
6
Mejri, Olfa. "Développement de méthodes de diagnostic énergetique des bâtiments." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14248/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude porte sur l‘identification de modèles dynamiques pour l‘évaluation des performances et le diagnostic énergétique de bâtiments existants. Le travail de thèse se place donc dans un contexte d‘économie d‘énergie et d‘efficacité énergétique accrue qui sont d‘intérêt primordial aujourd‘hui. Nous nous adressons à des bâtiments de bureaux occupés mais relativement bien instrumentés. Nous disposons des mesures horaires de température extérieure, de rayonnement solaire, de puissance de chauffage, de puissance électrique et de température de l‘air intérieur. L‘objectif étant de proposer une démarche méthodologique permettant de quantifier les performances énergétiques de l‘enveloppe du bâtiment à partir des données disponibles, d‘une part, et de préconiser des voies pour leur amélioration, d‘autre part. Les étapes majeurs de la démarche d‘évaluation/diagnostic proposée s‘ajuste pour l‘essentiel sur celles d‘une procédure classique d‘identification : a) analyse préliminaire des données disponible ; b) choix des structures mathématiques susceptibles de reproduire convenablement le comportement dynamique du bâtiment ; c) estimation du modèle et validation ; et exploitation du modèle pour des fins d‘évaluation et de diagnostic. Grâce aux résultats obtenus par une première approche « boîte noire » nous effectuons une tentative de diagnostic énergétique approfondi en s‘appuyant sur une modélisation physique du bâtiment (« boîte blanche »)This study concerns the identification of dynamic models for performance evaluation and energy diagnosis of existing buildings. The work of this PhD takes place in a context of energy conservation and energy efficiency which are of essential interest today. We are dealing with occupied office buildings but relatively well instrumented. We have hourly measurements of outdoor temperature, solar radiation, heating power, electrical power and indoor air temperature. The aim is to propose a methodological approach to quantify the energy performance of building envelope from the available data, on the one hand, and to recommend ways to improve them, on the other. Major steps of the process evaluation / diagnosis given for the most fits with those of a standard procedure of identification: a) preliminary analysis of available data, b) choice of mathematical structures for well describing the building behavior c) model estimation and validation, and operation of the model for evaluation and diagnosis. With the results obtained by a first approach "black box" we make a tentative of detailed diagnosis based on physical building model ("white box")
7
Valente, Bruno Selim Avian. "Elaboração de um algoritmo de projeto de trocadores de calor para utilização em otimização de redes de trocadores de calor." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266631.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Roger Josef ZempDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valente_BrunoSelimAvian_M.pdf: 588713 bytes, checksum: 01c679f3515305f57994ddc3e8057bb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A abordagem tradicional da estimativa da área no procedimento de síntese de redes de trocadores de calor exige a escolha de um conjunto típico de coeficientes de transferência de calor. Uma vez obtida a topologia da rede de trocadores de calor, o projeto detalhado dos trocadores pode exigir a consideração de restrições nas quedas da pressão disponíveis, alterando os valores dos coeficientes de transferência de calor utilizados inicialmente na avaliação da rede e invalidando a otimização econômica da mesma. Com isso tem-se um aumento nos custos de projeto tanto na parte construtiva como na forma de bombas e/ou compressores do processo. Esta dissertação tem como finalidade elaborar uma nova abordagem que possibilite estimar a área de troca térmica a partir de uma relação entre quedas de pressão e coeficientes de transferência de calor no lado do casco e dos tubos. Assim, partindo das quedas de pressão permitidas das correntes pode-se estimar a área e os coeficientes de transferência de calor de um trocador de calor, munido de dados de processo como carga térmica, temperaturas, propriedades físicas e quedas de pressão no lado do casco e dos tubos, e possibilitando uma análise econômica mais correta da rede de trocadores de calor. Os métodos já disponíveis para esta finalidade possuem limitações uma vez que são baseados no método de Kern, que inclui severas simplificações no seu modelo, e o de Bell, que utiliza equações empíricas dependentes de aspectos geométricos. O procedimento de análise de trocadores de calor tipo casco e tubos de Wills & Johnston, utilizado neste trabalho, é uma alternativa bastante viável para este tipo de problema por ser considerado teoricamente mais preciso, baseando-se em equações hidráulicas para o cálculo da queda de pressão no lado do casco considerando os diversos caminhos do fluido no interior do casco
Abstract: In the traditional approach of heat exchanger network synthesis the procedure for area targeting requires de choice of a set of typical heat transfer coefficients. After the heat exchanger network structure has been defined the individual exchangers are design. However, due to pressure drop restrictions the final heat exchanger design might require heat transfer coefficients that are very different from the one originally chosen, leading to increased exchanger area and increased capital cost. This work aims to develop a new that allows the estimate of a correct set of heat transfer coefficients and exchanger area based on available pressure drops. The propose procedure allows for the estimate of heat transfer coefficients and area based on the available pressure drops. Methods already available for this purpose show limitations: the method of Kern includes severe simplifications while the method of Bell uses empirical equations dependent on geometric aspects. The method of Wills & Johnston, used in the present work, is a very feasible alternative for this type of problem as it is based on the pressure drop of the different fluid paths inside the shell side of the exchanger
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
8
Talele, Suraj Harish. "Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Models Using Remote-Location Data for Local Sample Campus Building as a Case Study for Scalable Energy Modeling at Urban Level Using Virtual Information Fabric Infrastructure (VIFI)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404602/.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate that data from a remotely located building can be utilized for energy modeling of a similar type of building and to demonstrate how to use this remote data without physically moving the data from one server to another using Virtual Information Fabric Infrastructure (VIFI). In order to achieve this goal, firstly an EnergyPlus model was created for Greek Life Center, a campus building located at University of North Texas campus at Denton in Texas, USA. Three thermal comfort models of Fanger model, Pierce two-node model and KSU two-node model were compared in order to find which one of these three models is most accurate to predict occupant thermal comfort. This study shows that Fanger's model is most accurate in predicting thermal comfort. Secondly, an experimental data pertaining to lighting usage and occupancy in a single-occupancy office from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has been implemented in order to perform energy analysis of Greek Life Center assuming that occupants in this building's offices behave similarly as occupants in CMU. Thirdly, different data types, data formats and data sources were identified which are required in order to develop a city-scale urban building energy model (CS-UBEM). Two workflows were created, one for an individual scale building energy model and another one for CS-UBEM. A new innovative infrastructure called as Virtual Information Fabric Infrastructure (VIFI) has been introduced in this dissertation. The workflows proposed in this study will demonstrate in the future work that by using VIFI infrastructure to develop building energy models there is a potential of using data for remote servers without actually moving the data. It has been successfully demonstrated in this dissertation that data located at remote location can be used credibly to predict energy consumption of a newly built building. When the remote experimental data of both lighting and occupancy are implemented, 4.57% energy savings was achieved in the Greek Life Center energy model.
9
Rolin, Raphaël. "Contribution à une démarche numérique intégrée pour la préservation des patrimoines bâtis." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2450/document.
Full textAbstract:
Au travers de l’ensemble de ces travaux, l’objectif principal consiste à valider la pertinence de la construction et de l’utilisation de modèles 3D géométriques ou paramétriques orientés BIM/hBIM pour des analyses numériques. Il s’agit notamment d’études structurales dans le cas de bâtiments historiques ainsi que la planification potentielle de travaux de restauration, rénovation énergétique et réhabilitation. Des travaux d’exploitation complémentaires des données et des nuages de points, pour la détection, la segmentation et l’extraction d’entités géométriques ont également été intégrés dans les travaux et la méthodologie proposée. Le processus de traitement des données, modélisation géométrique ou paramétrique et leur exploitation, proposé dans ces travaux, contribue à améliorer et mieux comprendre les contraintes et enjeux des différentes configurations et conditions liées aux cas d’études et aux contraintes spécifiques propres aux types de constructions. Les contributions proposées pour les différentes méthodes de modélisation géométriques et paramétriques à partir des nuages de points, sont abordées par la construction de modèles géométriques orientés BIM ou hBIM. De même, les processus de détection d’éléments surfaciques et d’extraction de données à partir de nuages de points mis en place sont présentés. La mise en application de ces méthodes de modélisation est systématiquement illustrée par différents cas d’étude, dont l’ensemble des travaux relatifs ont été effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse. Le but est dès lors de démontrer l’intérêt et la pertinence de ces méthodes numériques en fonction du contexte, des besoins et des études envisagées, par exemple avec la flèche de la cathédrale de Senlis (Oise) et le site de l’Hermitage (Oise). Des analyses numériques de type éléments finis permettent ensuite de valider la pertinence de telles démarchesThroughout this work, the main objective is to validate the relevance of construction and use of geometric or parametric 3D models BIM or hBlM-oriented for numerical analyzes. These include structural studies in the case of historic buildings, as well as planning for restoration work, energy renovation and rehabilitation. Complementary data mining and use of point clouds for the detection, segmentation and extraction of geometric features have also been integrated into the work and proposed methodology. The process of data processing, geometric or parametric modeling and their exploitation, proposed in this work, contributes to improve and understand better the constraints and stakes of the different configurations and conditions related to the case studies and the specific constraints specific to the types of constructions. The contributions proposed for the different geometric and parametric modeling methods from point clouds are addressed by the construction of geometric models BIM or hBlM-oriented. Similarly, the process of surface detection, extraction of data and elements from point clouds are presented. The application of these modeling methods is systematically illustrated by different case studies, all of whose relative work has been carried out within the framework of this thesis. The goal is therefore to demonstrate the interest and relevance of these numerical methods according to the context, needs and studies envisaged, for example with the spire of the Senlis cathedral (Oise) and the Hermitage site (Oise). Numerical analyzes with finite element method are used to validate the relevance of these approaches
10
"Energy conservation methods for wireless sensor networks." Thesis, 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074289.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the above scheme, we propose a number of solutions to reduce the computational complexity and communication cost. To reduce the computational complexity, we propose to aggregate the local data and transit data and route them with a single set of routing variables. To reduce the communication overhead, a different smoothing function is proposed that only requires the information of a set of bottleneck nodes. The optimality conditions are derived and a distributed algorithm is designed accordingly. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution.Sleeping scheduling is another approach to save energy consumption for sensor networks. The basic idea is to schedule the duty-cycles of sensor nodes such that off-duty sensors are turned off as long as the network functionality can be maintained by working nodes. For applications whereby coordination of sleeping among sensors is not possible or inconvenient, random sleeping is the only option. We present the Asynchronous Random Sleeping (ARS) scheme whereby sensors (i) do not need to synchronize with each other, and (ii) do not need to coordinate their wakeup patterns. The stationary coverage probability and the expected coverage periods for ARS are derived. For surveillance application, we derive in addition the detection probability and detection delay distribution. We find that the expected detection delay of asynchronous random sleeping is smaller than that of the synchronous random sleeping.
This thesis is focused on the design and analysis of energy conservation methods for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Unlike traditional wireless networks, sensor nodes in WSNs are collaborating towards a common mission. The failure of some sensor nodes may cause significant topological changes and loss of information at the target region. Therefore, network lifetime is the primary objective for designing energy conservation solutions for WSNs.
We address the energy conservation problem from the aspects of maximum lifetime routing, data aggregation and sleeping scheduling. We first propose a data aggregated maximum lifetime routing scheme for wireless sensor networks. We adopt a data aggregation model that decouples the routing of local data and transit data. The objective is to jointly optimize data aggregation and routing so that the network lifetime can be maximized. A recursive smoothing method is adopted to overcome the nondifferentiability of the objective function. We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving the optimality of the smoothing function and design a distributed gradient algorithm accordingly. We show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the data traffic and improve the network lifetime. The distributed algorithm can converge to the optimal value efficiently under all network configurations.
Hua Cunqing.
"June 2006."
Adviser: Tak-Shing Yum.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1825.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-131).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
Books on the topic "Buildings – Energy conservation – Mathematical models"
1
H, Yik F. W., ed. Modelling methods for energy in buildings. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2004.
Find full text
2
Underwood, C. P. Modelling methods for energy in buildings. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2004.
Find full text
3
Marino, Francesco Paolo R. La certificazione energetica degli edifici: Algoritmi di calcolo ed esperienze internazionali, edifici ad alta efficienza. 4th ed. Roma: EPC libri, 2009.
Find full text
4
Energy simulation in building design. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.
Find full text
5
Energy simulation in building design. Bristol [Avon]: A. Hilger, 1985.
Find full text
6
Filippi, Marco, Gianfranco Rizzo, and Gianluca Scaccianoce. La certificazione energetica per l'edilizia sostenibile: Efficienza, compatibilità ambientale, nuove tecnologie. Palermo: Dario Flaccovio Editore, 2014.
Find full text
7
Hirst, Eric. Effects of energy-efficiency programs on load-growth uncertainty for electric utilities. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1988.
Find full text
8
Hirst, Eric. Statistical recoupling: A new way to break the link between electric-utility sales and revenues. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1993.
Find full text
9
Fabbri, Kristian. Prestazione energetica degli edifici. Roma: Dei, 2010.
Find full text
10
Tonn, Bruce E. An approach to understanding, representing, and managing uncertainty in integrated resource planning. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Buildings – Energy conservation – Mathematical models"
1
OLSETH, J. A., and A. SKARTVEIT. "MODELS FOR ESTIMATING SOLAR IRRADIATION AND ILLUMINATION." In Energy Conservation in Buildings, 193–98. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037215-0.50040-7.
Full text
2
Perers, Bengt, and Håkan Walletun. "DYNAMIC COLLECTOR MODELS FOR 1 HR TIME STEP DERIVED FROM MEASURED OUTDOOR DATA." In Energy Conservation in Buildings, 199–204. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037215-0.50041-9.
Full text
3
da Fonseca Rutz, Solange, and Marcelo Santos Carielo. "Analytical Trophodynamics Applied to Modeling Forest Dynamics with Carbon Cycling." In Symbiosis in Nature [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109163.
Full textAbstract:
Models based on analytical trophodynamics (AT) method have provided an analytical framework for modeling in ecology, including the dynamical flux of nutrients present in the soil for a fixed region. Dynamics occurring concurrently in different time scales are modeled. Through a mathematical treatment of the elements of both biotic and abiotic factors, is established  stability and conservation laws for growing trajectories, whose solutions of the second-order differential systems equations known as Volterra–Hamilton systems. All solutions trajectories obtained to follow the biological principles of energy conservation. The tensors of AT were computed with the computational algebraic package FINSLER. Moreover, in this chapter, we present an overview of the last results and actual status of research in this area.
Conference papers on the topic "Buildings – Energy conservation – Mathematical models"
1
Pasupathy, A., and R. Velraj. "Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Study on Building Ceiling System Incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) for Energy Conservation." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14686.
Full textAbstract:
Thermal storage plays a major role in a wide variety of industrial, commercial and residential application when there is a mismatch between the supply and demand of energy. Several promising developments are taking place in the field of thermal storage using phase change materials (PCM) in buildings. In the present paper, a detailed study of the thermal performance of a phase change material system for energy conservation in building is analyzed and discussed. An experiment consisting of two identical test houses has been constructed to study the effect of having PCM panel on the roof of the building. One house is constructed without PCM on the room in order to provide a reference case for comparison with the experimental house that includes the phase change material. The PCM is an inorganic eutectic mixture, which has melting temperature in the range of 26 - 28°C. A mathematical model has been developed in which finite volume method is used to predict the thermal behavior of the ceiling system incorporating PCMs. A comparison with the experimental results is also made.
2
Wei, Bing, Li Li, Jiang Lu, Luxiang Zong, and Zhiwei Wang. "Influence Factors of Energy Consumption in All Cold Outdoor Air Systems." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99036.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays the safety of the air conditioning systems is paid more attention to. All cold outdoor air systems due to their particular advantages such as credible safety, better indoor air quality, saving more building space and being in favor of the energy conservation in some given conditions [1] are discussed in this paper. The composing of all cold outdoor air system is outlined and the mathematical models of energy consumption evaluation are presented. With an actual example by using the method of equivalent weight full load operation time, the influence factors to the annual primary energy consumptions in all cold outdoor air systems, such as: the dew point temperature, the COP (Coefficient of Performance) of chiller, the equivalent weight full load operation time of chiller and the efficiency of enthalpy exchanger etc. are compared and analyzed. And the optimal application modes for energy conservation of all cold outdoor air systems are proposed. These can be good references for the application of all cold outdoor air systems.
3
Bing, Wei, Zhiwei Wang, Li Li, and Jiang Lu. "Optimization of BCHP Schemes Based on GRA and AHP." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36231.
Full textAbstract:
BCHP (Building Cooling, Heating and Power) system is an integrated energy system based on the energy cascade utilization and is used to supply heating, cooling and power synchronously. Normally the scale of BCHP system is smaller than that of the CCHP (Combined Cooling Heating and Power) system of thermal power plant. BCHP system is one of the most important directions of the second generation energy system and distributed energy system and has advantages of energy conservation, environment protection and safety performance, etc. In this paper with the example of an actual building, by using the theories of GRA (Grey Relation Analysis) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) the mathematical models for the comprehensive evaluation of BCHP system are established. Three schemes of BCHP systems are given and the indexes of economy, environment protection, energy conservation and reliability are considered as the main factors in the project selection of BCHP system. The optimal scheme is selected according to the cooling, heating and power loads of the building. In the optimization process, both the evaluation indexes and the weight coefficients are chosen objectively to improve the comprehensive and scientific performance of BCHP project selection.
4
Kalinic, Niko, and Moncef Krarti. "Evaluation of Measurement and Verification Procedures for Retrofit Savings Using Calibrated Energy Building Models." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90354.
Full textAbstract:
Calibrated energy simulations are often used to predict savings from energy conservation measures with little information about their associated prediction uncertainties. In this paper, the savings predicted by calibrated simulation models are compared to actual savings obtained through monitoring energy use before and after implementing selected energy conservation measures for three residential buildings. Both building envelope and HVAC system related energy conservation measures are considered in the study. Through case studies, this validity of using calibrated energy models for the estimation and verification of savings associated with energy conservation measures is thoroughly evaluated. Moreover, the paper provides useful guidelines for using calibrated models for measurement and verification energy savings from various weatherization programs specific to residential buildings.
5
Franco, Fermin, and Yasuhide Fukumoto. "Mathematical models for turbulent round jets based on “ideal” and “lossy” conservation of mass and energy." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4778.
Full textAbstract:
We propose mathematical models for turbulent round atomized liquid jets that describe its dynamics in a simplebut comprehensive manner with the apex angle of the cone being the main disposable parameter. The basic assumptions are that (i) the jet is statistically stationary and that (ii) it can be approximated by a mixture of two fluids with the phases in local dynamic equilibrium, or so-called locally homogeneous flow (LHF). The models differ in their particular balance of explanatory capability and precision. To derive them we impose partial conservation of the initial mass and energy fluxes, introducing loss factors again as disposable parameters. Depending on each model, the equations admit explicit or implicit analytical solutions or a numerical solution in the discretized model case. The described variables are the the two-phase fluid’s composite density and velocity, both as functions of thedistance from the nozzle, from which the dynamic pressure is calculated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4778
6
Sokolova, Alice, and Baris Aksanli. "Demographical Energy Usage Analysis of Residential Buildings." In ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7327.
Full textAbstract:
Residential energy consumption constitutes a significant portion of the overall energy consumption. There are significant amount of studies that target to reduce this consumption, and these studies mainly create mathematical models to represent and regenerate the energy consumption of individual houses. Most of these models assume that the residential energy consumption can be classified and then predicted based on the household size. As a result, most of the previous studies suggest that household size can be treated as an independent variable which can be used to predict energy consumption. In this work, we test this hypothesis on a large residential energy consumption dataset that also includes demographic information. Our results show that other variables like income, geographic location, house type, and personal preferences strongly impact energy consumption and decrease the importance of household size because the household size can explain only 26.55% of the electricity consumption variation across the houses.
7
Yan, Chunji, Xinxiang Pan, and Xiaowei Lu. "Mechanisms of Thin-Film Evaporation Considering Momentum and Energy Conservation." In ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2013-22157.
Full textAbstract:
A mathematic model, which can be used to predict the evaporation and fluid flow in thin film region, is developed based on momentum and energy conservations and the augmented Young-Laplace equation in this paper. In the model the variations of the enthalpy and kinetics energy of the thin-film along the evaporating region are considered. By theoretical analysis, we have obtained the governing equation for thin film profile. The fluid flow and phase-change heat transfer in an evaporating extended meniscus are numerically studied. The differences between the model considering momentum conservation only and including both momentum and energy conservations are compared. It is found that the maximum heat flux of the thin-film evaporation by using two mathematical models obtained has no change, but when considering the momentum and energy conservations the total heat transfer rate unit width along the thin-film evaporation region is greater than that of only including momentum equation.
8
Fumo, Nelson, Daniel C. Lackey, and Sara McCaslin. "Analysis of Autoregressive Energy Models of a Research House." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50630.
Full textAbstract:
Energy consumption from buildings is a major component of the overall energy consumption by end-use sectors in industrialized countries. In the United States of America (USA), the residential sector alone accounts for half of the combined residential and commercial energy consumption. Therefore, efforts toward energy consumption modeling based on statistical and engineering models are in continuous development. Statistical approaches need measured data but not buildings characteristics; engineering approaches need building characteristics but not data, at least when a calibrated model is the goal. Among the statistical models, the linear regression analysis has shown promising results because of its reasonable accuracy and relatively simple implementation when compared to other methods. In addition, when observed or measured data is available, statistical models are a good option to avoid the burden associated with engineering approaches. However, the dynamic behavior of buildings suggests that models accounting for dynamic effects may lead to more effective regression models, which is not possible with standard linear regression analysis. Utilizing lag variables is one method of autoregression that can model the dynamic behavior of energy consumption. The purpose of using lag variables is to account for the thermal energy stored/release from the mass of the building, which affects the response of HVAC equipment to changes in outdoor or weather parameters. In this study, energy consumption and outdoor temperature data from a research house are used to develop autoregressive models of energy consumption during the cooling season with lag variables to account for the dynamics of the house. Models with no lag variable, one lag variable, and two lag variables are compared. To investigate the effect of the time interval on the quality of the models, data intervals of 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and one hour are used to generate the models. The 5 minutes time interval is used because that is the resolution of the acquired data; the 15 minutes time interval is used because it is a common time interval in electric smart meters; and one hour time interval is used because it is the common time interval for energy simulation in buildings. The primary results shows that the use of lag variables greatly improves the accuracy of the models, but a time interval of 5 minutes is too small to avoid the dependence of the energy consumption on operating parameters. All mathematical models and their quality parameters are presented, along with supporting graphical representation as a visual aid to comparing models.
9
Li, Yuming, Yiqun Pan, and Chen Chen. "Study on Energy Saving Retrofitting Strategies for Existing Public Buildings in Shanghai." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90262.
Full textAbstract:
Public buildings include office building, schools, hotels, hospitals, retails and others. This paper selects two types of existing public buildings — office and hotel to conduct research. It firstly introduces and analyzes the feasible energy saving retrofitting strategies and technologies for existing public buildings in Shanghai, mainly about building envelope, HVAC system and lighting system. Then it builds up prototypical models, with whole building energy analysis software—EnergyPlus, for office and hotel respectively to simulate and calculate the annual energy saving and payback period of the various strategies. Therefore the different features of the two types of buildings and the energy saving effects of various strategies used on them are studied. The results show that the energy saved by each one strategy may be different for different types of existing buildings. For office buildings, such ECMs (energy conservation measures) as external shading, energy efficient lighting system, daylighting in perimeter area and variable pumps have short payback period. While for hotels, external shading, variable pumps and temperature reset have short payback period.
10
Waite, Michael, and Vijay Modi. "Calibrated Building Energy Models for Community-Scale Sustainability Analyses." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6642.
Full textAbstract:
Building energy contributes approximately 40% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and 75% of emissions in some urban areas. Evaluating modifications to existing building stocks is essential to a proper assessment of GHG reduction policy at various levels. With deeper penetration of intermittent renewable energy resources, supply and demand effects at a high resolution (e.g. hourly) will become more important as variations in grid emissions will become more significant. City-level hourly electricity load data is available; however, effects of building stock changes on usage profiles are not easily analyzed, and on-site fossil fuel usage — the dominant loads in many urban areas — are generally only available annually. Building energy models allow for detailed simulation of building systems, but existing building models must be calibrated to actual energy usage to predict the effects of energy conservation measures. Reference building models developed by the U.S. Department of Energy for the EnergyPlus software tool were used as the basis for a set of calibrated building energy models to perform community-scale energy conservation measures on the dominant building classes in NYC (i.e. residential and office buildings). A statistical analysis of zip code-level annual electricity and fuel usage data was performed to determine electricity, space heating fuel and domestic hot water (DHW) fuel usage intensities (EUIs) for three broad building categories encompassing these building types in New York City. Several parameters were adjusted for each model until simulations produced the EUIs from the statistical analysis: Thermal envelope characteristics, peak electric equipment and lighting loads, DHW flow requirements, cooling equipment coefficient of performance and heating equipment efficiency. Cooling energy demands were adjusted based on the electricity demand vs. temperature behavior during the cooling season. The hourly daily usage schedules of internal electric and lighting loads were then adjusted for all models, targeting the actual hourly electricity demands for NYC. Because hourly changes affect annual EUIs, the calibrations were performed iteratively until the model outputs, weighted by each building type’s total NYC square footage, equaled the annual EUIs for each building type and the hourly electricity demand data. This paper shows that this comprehensive calibration approach can achieve root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 7% from the average annual electricity demand for these building types, compared to a 31% RMSD for an approach using annual energy calibration only.