Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Buildings – Defects'
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Netto, Anne Magdalaine. "Third party rights for latent defects in buildings." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368707.
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Shelbourn, Mark. "Using computer-aided-learning to train inexperienced surveyors in diagnosing defects in buildings." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248911.
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Mook, King-tong Chris. "Curtain wall defects in Hong Kong high-rise office buildings incidences, seriousness and causes /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37943224.
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Le, Roux Martyn. "Defect in the South African construction industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020320.
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Lack of quality in the South African construction industry is causing various problems for different stakeholders. The causes of this lack in quality are due to various different attributes. Corruption has become one of the leading causes with regards to lack of quality. Quality assurance can mitigate or eliminate defects through the implementation of a quality management system. Defects manifest primarily through cracking, dampness, detachment, and water leaks. Defects are categorized as structural, subsidence, acoustic and thermal. In terms of time, defects are either patent or latent, and can be discovered through observation, inspection and various tests. The causes of defects are ultimately due to error or omission, either during design or during the construction phases. Defects may also result due to procurement related factors, such as appointment of incompetent contractors. The result of defects is customer dissatisfaction, rework and disputes. Non-conformance to requirements results in rework and this in turn contributes to time and cost overruns. The aim of this research was to investigate the greatest cause that leads to defects in houses; the most common type of defect; and why projects fail in term of project management terms (due to defects). Results of quantitative research amongst professionals within the construction industry in the Western and Eastern Cape of South Africa as well as literature that has been reviewed form the basis of this study. Architectural practices, consulting engineering practices, and general building contractors were selected on a random sample basis, and surveyed using an online questionnaire. The study revealed that inadequate artisan skills is the biggest cause leading to defects in houses, and that cracks are the most frequent type of defect occurring. Projects fail in project management terms because of defects as the construction time of the projects are increased. The study revealed that construction related causes of defects dominate over design related causes. This study should be of value to both construction industry professionals as well as their clients.
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Silveira, Dora Susana Gomes da. "Constructive and mechanical characterisation of adobe masonry walls of existing buildings." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17313.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia CivilEarthen construction has been widely used throughout the world, since approximately 10000 years ago and until the present day. A significant part of the world earthen built heritage – including many properties inscribed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List –, however, is at risk. In Portugal, earth was also a widely used construction material until the middle of the 20th century. In Aveiro district, in particular, adobe construction was very common. Currently, there are still a great number of adobe constructions in this region, a large part of which are in use. Many of the existing buildings are of social, cultural, and architectural value. Despite their value, however, many of these buildings are in a poor state of conservation, suffering from various structural and non-structural defects. The problems observed in existing adobe buildings result in large part from a lack of knowledge regarding the materials and building systems used in this type of construction. There is, in particular, a lack of knowledge about the properties and behaviour of adobe masonry walls, which are key structural elements that influence the overall behaviour of buildings. The main aim of the research developed and discussed in this thesis is thus to contribute to this knowledge, focusing, in particular, on the adobe buildings of Aveiro district. For this purpose, a visual and dimensional inspection of the facade walls of twenty-one representative adobe buildings was conducted. With this inspection, it was possible to carry out a detailed analysis of the facade walls – including their structural system, coatings, and traditional masonry materials – and to assess the vulnerabilities, common defects, and state of conservation of these elements. A series of experimental tests were also carried out. Simple compression tests were performed on cylindrical and cubic adobe specimens, flexural tests on adobe bricks, and splitting tests on cylindrical specimens. Simple compression and diagonal compression tests were also conducted on ten full-scale adobe masonry wall panels, built with adobes taken from an existing construction. Finally, an in-plane horizontal cyclic test was performed on a full-scale double-T shaped adobe wall, also built with adobes from an existing construction. With the tests carried out, it was possible to characterise the strength, stiffness, stress-strain relationships, and common damage pattern of the test specimens, and to assess correlations between different mechanical properties. It was also possible to develop a comparison between the strength values obtained and the limits indicated in existing standards for earthen construction, and between the results obtained and those determined by other authors for test specimens representative of adobe construction in other countries. The results presented and discussed in this thesis contribute to the enrichment of knowledge that is considered essential to support the conservation and rehabilitation of existing adobe buildings, not only in Portugal, but also in other regions of the world.
A construção em terra tem sido muito utilizada em todo o mundo, desde há cerca de 10000 anos atrás e até aos dias de hoje. Uma parte significativa do património mundial construído com terra, incluindo vários bens inscritos na Lista de Património Mundial da UNESCO, encontra-se, no entanto, em risco. Em Portugal, a terra foi também um material de construção muito utilizado até meados do século XX. No distrito de Aveiro, em particular, a construção em adobe era muito comum. Atualmente, existe ainda um elevado número de construções em adobe nesta região, grande parte das quais se encontram em uso. Muitos dos edifícios existentes são de valor social, cultural e arquitetónico reconhecido. No entanto, apesar do seu valor, muitos destes edifícios estão em mau estado de conservação, apresentando anomalias estruturais e não estruturais variadas. Os problemas observados nos edifícios existentes de adobe resultam, em grande parte, de falta de conhecimento sobre os materiais e sistemas de construção utilizados neste tipo de edificação. Há, em particular, falta de conhecimento sobre as propriedades e o comportamento das paredes de alvenaria de adobe, que são elementos estruturais principais que influenciam o comportamento global dos edifícios. Assim, o trabalho de investigação desenvolvido e discutido nesta tese tem como principal objetivo contribuir para este conhecimento, debruçando-se, em particular, sobre as construções em adobe do distrito de Aveiro. Para este efeito, foi realizada uma inspeção visual e dimensional das paredes de fachada de vinte e um edifícios de adobe representativos. Com esta inspeção, foi possível analisar de forma detalhada as paredes de fachada – incluindo o seu sistema estrutural, revestimentos e materiais de alvenaria tradicionais – e avaliar as vulnerabilidades, anomalias comuns e estado de conservação destes elementos. Uma série de ensaios experimentais foi também levada a cabo. Foram realizados ensaios de compressão simples sobre provetes cilíndricos e cúbicos de adobe, ensaios de flexão sobre blocos de adobe e ensaios de compressão diametral sobre provetes cilíndricos. Foram ainda realizados ensaios de compressão simples e compressão diagonal sobre dez painéis de alvenaria de adobe à escala real, construídos com adobes recolhidos de uma construção existente. Por fim, realizou-se o ensaio de uma parede à escala real em forma de ‘duplo T’, construída também com adobes de uma construção existente, sob a ação de uma carga horizontal cíclica, aplicada no plano da parede. Com os ensaios realizados, foi possível caracterizar a resistência, a rigidez, as relações de comportamento tensão-deformação e o padrão comum de dano dos elementos ensaiados, e avaliar as correlações entre diferentes propriedades mecânicas. Foi ainda desenvolvida uma comparação entre os valores de resistência obtidos e os limites indicados nas normas existentes para a construção em terra, bem como entre os resultados obtidos e aqueles determinados por outros autores para a alvenaria de adobe representativa da construção em adobe noutros países. Os resultados apresentados e discutidos nesta tese contribuem para o enriquecimento de conhecimento que é considerado essencial para apoiar a conservação e reabilitação dos edifícios de adobe existentes, não só em Portugal, mas também noutras regiões do mundo.
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Fox, Matthew William. "Thermography approaches for building defect detection." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4304.
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Thermography is one technology, which can be used to detect thermally significant defects in buildings and is traditionally performed using a walk-through methodology. Yet because of limitations such as transient climatic changes, there is a key performance gap between image capture and interpretation. There are however new methodologies currently available, which actively address some of these limitations. By better understanding alternative methodologies, the performance gap can be reduced. This thesis contrasts three thermography methodologies (Walk-through, time-lapse and pass-by) to learn how they deal with limitations and address specific building defects and thermal performance issues. For each approach, practical methodologies were developed and used on laboratory experiments (hot plate) and real dwelling case studies. For the real building studies, 133 dwellings located in Devon and Cornwall (South West England) were studied; this sample represents a broad spectrum of construction types and building ages. Experiments testing these three methodologies found individual strengths and weaknesses for each approach. Whilst traditional thermography can detect multiple defects, characterisation is not always easy to achieve due to the effects of transient changes, which are largely ignored under this methodology. Time-lapse thermography allows the observation of transient changes from which more accurate assessment of defect behaviour can be gained. This is due to improved differentiation between environmental conditions (such as cloud cover and clear sky reflections), actual material thermal behaviour and construction defects. However time-lapse thermography is slow, complex and normally only observes one view. Walk-past thermography is a much faster methodology, inspecting up to 50 dwellings per survey session. Yet this methodology misses many potential defects due to low spatial resolutions, single (external only) elevation inspection and ignoring transient climate and material changes. The implications of these results for building surveying practice clearly indicate that for an improved defect characterisation of difficult to interpret defects such as moisture ingress, thermographers should make use of time-lapse thermography. A review of methodology practicalities illustrates how the need for improved characterisation can be balanced against time and resources when deciding upon the most suitable approach. In order to help building managers and thermographers to decide on the most suitable thermography approach, two strategies have been developed. The first combines different thermography methodologies into a phased inspection program, where spatial and temporal resolution increase with each subsequent thermography inspection. The second provides a decision-making framework to help select the most appropriate thermography methodology for a given scenario or defect.
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Pusuluri, Pullarao. "Building Pathology: Survey of defects and cost estimate of a case study renovation project." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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This is a methodology of ‘Building Pathology’ explained through theoretically and practically by applying it on a case study. The stages are developed from the references of the previous books knowledge, combined by following codes of Normal 1/88 and latest methods of rehabilitation and protection. The stages are followed with an order from Initial investigation of visual survey, continuing with diagnostic analysis based on the intrinsic causes due to the conditions of site and architectural errors, Extrinsic natural causes due to climatic, temperature, weather along with some anthropic condition caused by human actions.
The results from the diagnostics are further classified according to class based on type of damage as structural and nonstructural. Another class based on nature of degradation mechanism as physical, chemical and biological. Final class based on Type of alteration as reversible and irreversible.
The classified alterations are represented using the codes of Normal 1/88 which indicates the Hatching in AutoCAD with the exact dimensions of the case study taken. By using the AutoCAD file with exact dimensions and hatchings calculation of individual alterations is possible.
By the Detailed analysis and esteemed calculations of alterations type of renovation can be suggested in an order as cleaning followed by repairs and strengthening finally protection measurements can be ensured. As from the suggested renovation and market price of material along with the present labor, technicians daily charge the final cost estimation can be calculated.
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Georgiou, Jim, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "A COMPARISON OF DEFECTS IN HOUSES CONSTRUCTED BY OWNERS AND REGISTERED BUILDERS IN VICTORIA 1988-1996." Deakin University. School of Architecture and Building, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040618.094452.
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The lack of attention to quality control by house builders in the Australian State of Victoria has been a contentious issue for more than two decades. Ina an attempt to improve the quality of housing, various mechanisms such as voluntary and compulsory registration schemes have been adopted and discarded by industry-based organisations and government. While builders are encouraged to improve construction quality, little is known and published about the quality of housing produced by owner builders specifically during the seven year warranty period after construction is completed. With this in mind, this thesis presents research findings that compare the latent defects in houses built by owner builders with those of registered builders. Using inspection reports provided by Archicentre a sample of 1772 houses, of which 1002 were owner builders was used to determine the severity, the incidence, and location of defects within each house type. Houses less than a year old were found to contain a siginificant proportion of defects for both types of builder. In addition, it was found that HO builders had a mean of 2.74 defects per house and HR builders mean of 2.30 defects per house for the seven-year warranty period. To determine whether there was a significant difference between the quality of housing produced by HO and HR the statistical technique of Chi-squared analysis was undertaken at a 5% level of significance. The analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the quality of housing procured by owner
builders. In particular, it was found that the important category of workmanship for HO builders had significantly less defects that HR builders, which suggests that HR builders need to improve their managerial practices and the quality of on-site supervision. In essence, this thesis has provided a series of benchmark metrics for latent defects against which current and future legislative programs con be compared for new housing in the State of Victoria. It is recommended that future research focus on the methods for improving the role of the on-site supervisor as they are considered to be the important link in the quality chain.
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Jakimovska, Ana. "Empirical framework for building and evaluating Bayesian network models for defect predication." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527022.
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Zhu, Zhenhua. "Column recogniton and defects/damage properties retrieval for rapid infrastructure assessment and rehabilitation using machine vision." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44768.
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No matter how inspection techniques have been advanced, manual visual inspection is currently still the first and fundamental step in assessing civil infrastructure. If no sign of deterioration has been spotted in manual inspection, any future inspection actions is not necessary to take. However, manual inspection has been identified with several limitations including the qualitative nature of inspection results, the time-consuming inspection process, and the heavy reliance on inspectors' and/or engineers' experience. In order to overcome these limitations, automated visual inspection systems have been proposed to enhance and/or replicate the manual inspection process. A number of image processing methods have been developed in detecting defects (i.e. coating rusts) and damage (i.e. cracks) on civil infrastructure. Their effectiveness has been verified in inspecting structures, such as bridges, underground pipes, and tunnels.
Although existing methods are effective in finding defects and damage from digital images, missing two important links limits their application for rapid infrastructure assessment and rehabilitation. The first link is the correlation between the defects/damage and the structural members that the defects/damage lie on. The second link is the relationship between the defects/damage and their impacts on the structural members.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the way of establishing these two links. It is focused on the retrieval of critical structural members and defects/damage information from images/videos, and then the utilization of this information for automated and rapid assessment and rehabilitation of civil infrastructure. Specifically, a combination of techniques from the areas of visual pattern recognition, digital filtering, and machine vision have been used in order to develop a set of methods for concrete column recognition, crack properties retrieval, and air pockets and discoloration detection and evaluation. The methods proposed in this research were implemented in a Microsoft Visual Studio environment, and tested on the real images/videos of concrete structures inflicted with cracks, air pockets and discoloration. The test results indicated that the methods could automatically recognize concrete columns, correctly measure the properties of the cracks in a crack map, and accurately evaluate the impacts of air pockets and discoloration on the visual quality of concrete surfaces.
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Stoker, Alexander. "Building a Medical App: Approach, Infrastructure, and Challenges of Developing a Congenital Heart Defects App for Educational Purposes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603666.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Mobile software application (apps) have exploded in popularity since 2008, when Apple’s App Store opened and have become increasingly present in medical education and medical practice. As evidence of educators realizing the potential apps have for educating students, the University of Arizona has created a department called the Office of Instruction and Assessment (OIA), which has a programming team that is committed to assisting faculty in the design, development and implementation of apps for University of Arizona Students. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect in the United States, affecting nearly 1% of, or about 40,000, births per year. There are complex three‐dimensional relationships involved in many of the congenital heart defects that may be difficult for students to fully understand through the traditional method of reading and looking at two‐dimensional diagrams. The principle goal of this project was to participate in the design and development of an educational mobile app that allows the user to interactively rotate digital 3D models of hearts with congenital heart defects. Multiple approaches to developing an educational medical app were explored including utilizing basic app‐building programs that do not require computer coding or programming, paying a for‐profit company to develop an app, and collaborating with a larger educational institution that has the resources available for developing an app and has a potential use for the app. This thesis aims to describe the resources available to develop an educational app, the major factors that determine the best approach for app development and the challenges associated with each approach. Through the case example of developing “Heart Defects” with the Office of Instruction and Assessment at the University of Arizona and publishing the app on the Apple App Store it was determined that the major factors guiding the approach to app development are complexity of the app, computer programming experience of the individual planning to develop an app, and having access to a larger institution with the ability to develop apps and the institution having a perceived benefit from developing the app.
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Sapio, Roberta. "Learning from experience: Analysis of the civil litigation regarding building structures on the court of bologna in the years 2011/2012." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8001/.
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The present work is aimed to the study and the analysis of the defects detected in the civil structure and that are object of civil litigation in order to create an instruments capable of helping the different actor involved in the building process. It is divided in three main sections.
The first part is focused on the collection of the data related to the civil proceeding of the 2012 and the development of in depth analysis of the main aspects regarding the defects on existing buildings. The research center “Osservatorio Claudio Ceccoli” developed a system for the collection of the information coming from the civil proceedings of the Court of Bologna. Statistical analysis are been performed and the results are been shown and discussed in the first chapters.The second part analyzes the main issues emerged during the study of the real cases, related to the activities of the technical consultant. The idea is to create documents, called “focus”, addressed to clarify and codify specific problems in order to develop guidelines that help the technician editing of the technical advice.The third part is centered on the estimation of the methods used for the collection of data. The first results show that these are not efficient. The critical analysis of the database, the result and the experience and throughout, allowed the implementation of the collection system for the data.
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Petersson, Matilda. "Byggfelsförsäkringen : Ändamål och ändamålsenlighet?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19486.
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Vid nybyggnation av bostadshus och vid vissa bygglovspliktiga ändringsarbeten föreligger ett lagstadgat krav att byggfelsförsäkring skall tecknas. Försäkringen omfattar kostnader för att avhjälpa fel som uppkommit under byggtiden och syftar till att snabbt avhjälpa fel och brister utan långvariga tvister om vem som skall ta på sig kostnaden för att undanröja bristerna - en god tanke som dessvärre verkar fungera sämre i verkligheten. Lagen innehåller nämligen flertalet bestämmelser om tillåtna ansvarsbegränsningar vilket lett till att det vid flera situationer inte föreligger någon rätt till ersättning trots att det är rimligt att anta att skadorna skall täckas av försäkringen. Denna uppsats syftar därmed till att beskriva, belysa och analysera byggfelsförsäkringens tillämpning för att på så sätt komma fram till om syftet med lagen verkligen upprätthålls så som lagen är utformad idag eller om lagen borde ändras och i så fall på vilket sätt den borde förändras. Efter att ha studerat gällande rätt och föreliggande försäkringsvillkor har jag funnit att byggfelsförsäkringens tillämpningsområde är väldigt snävt och därmed borde utvidgas för att lagen skall vara helt ändamålsenlig. Jag anser således att utvecklingsfel borde omfattas av försäkringens tillämpningsområde för att byggherren skall erhålla ett fullgott skydd för byggfel. Jag är även av den uppfattningen att konsumenter som väljer att själva uppföra sitt hus utan olägenheter kan uteslutas från försäkringsobligatoriet då försäkringen medför minimal nytta för dessa.At the moment there is an existing statutory requirement regarding taking out an insurance policy each time a residential property is being constructed and also in connection to certain acts of modifications which require building permit. This insurance policy covers costs relating to compensations of defects in relation to the property, which have arisen during the construction time, with the purpose of restoring defects and errors and thereby avoiding lengthy legal proceedings concerning the identity of whom is responsible for the cost of restoring the errors. The idea is originally a good one, however, it does not seem to function very well in real life. The statute contains several rules regarding limitations of legal liability, which has led to the consequence that a right to compensation often is lacking, although it is reasonable to assume that the defects in question should indeed be covered by the insurance policy. This dissertation aims to describe, illuminate and analyse the Building Defects Insurance Act and its area of scope, and thereby examine whether the purpose of the Act is fulfilled as it is construed at this point in time or whether the Act should be altered and, in that case, in what way that could be done. My conclusion, after examining the present legal situation and existing insurance policies, is that the Building Defects Insurance Act has quite a narrow scope and therefore should be extended in order for the Act to fulfil its purpose. In my opinion, defects in property developments should be considered being within the scope of the insurance policy, in order to offer the property developer full protection regarding defects in the property. It is also my opinion that consumers choosing to construct their own properties can, without difficulty, be excluded from the requirement of insurance since the insurance is of very limited value for consumers.
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Sherwood, Patricia Ann. "Inspections : software development process for building defect free software applied in a small-scale software development environment /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10598.
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Jafri, Syed Hassan Mujtaba. "Building Systems for Electronic Probing of Single Low Dimensional Nano-objects : Application to Molecular Electronics and Defect Induced Graphene." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160630.
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Nano-objects have unique properties due to their sizes, shapes and structure. When electronic properties of such nano-objects are used to build devices, the control of interfaces at atomic level is required. In this thesis, systems were built that can not only electrically characterize nano-objects, but also allow to analyze a large number of individual nano-objects statistically at the example of graphene and nanoparticle-molecule-nanoelectrode junctions. An in-situ electrical characterization system was developed for the analysis of free standing graphene sheets containing defects created by an acid treatment. The electrical characterization of several hundred sheets revealed that the resistance in acid treated graphene sheets decreased by 50 times as compared to pristine graphene and is explained by the presence of di-vacancy defects. However, the mechanism of defect insertion into graphene is different when graphene is bombarded with a focused ion beam and in this case, the resistance of graphene increases upon defect insertion. The defect insertion becomes even stronger at liquid N2 temperature. A molecular electronics platform with excellent junction properties was fabricated where nanoparticle-molecule chains bridge 15-30nm nanoelectrodes. This approach enabled a systematic evaluation of junctions that were assembled by functionalizing electrode surfaces with alkanethiols and biphenyldithiol. The variations in the molecular device resistance were several orders of magnitude and explained by variations in attachment geometries of molecules. The spread of resistance values of different devices was drastically reduced by using a new functionalization technique that relies on coating of gold nanoparticles with trityl protected alkanedithiols, where the trityl group was removed after trapping of nanoparticles in the electrode gap. This establishment of a reproducible molecular electronics platform enabled the observation of vibrations of a few molecules by inelastic tunneling spectroscopy. Thus this system can be used extensively to characterize molecules as well as build devices based on molecules and nanoparticles.
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Delattorre, Joyce Paula Martin. "Arcabouço teórico para mineração de dados de defeitos construtivos em modelos BIM." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-05122016-152544/.
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No mercado de construção civil, o BIM ou Modelagem da Informação da Construção, deixou de ser um modismo com poucos pioneiros, para ser a peça central da tecnologia do mercado de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (AEC), abordando aspectos de projeto, construção e operação de edifícios. Além das informações de projeto, pode-se agregar ao modelo BIM dados externos oriundos da execução, avaliação e manutenção da construção. Cresce, com isso, o número de informações que podem ser armazenadas nos modelos e a oportunidade para identificação de padrões não explícitos, relacionados à geometria e topologia de seus componentes. Para análise destas informações, faz-se necessária a utilização de técnicas que permitam o seu processamento. Dentre as técnicas existentes para a descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados está o KDD (Descoberta de Conhecimento em Bases de Dados) e, especificamente, a mineração de dados. Focando especificamente os dados oriundos do registro de defeitos da construção e considerando que o modelo BIM não é um repositório de dados no qual técnicas padrão podem ser aplicadas diretamente, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um arcabouço teórico que define os pontos relevantes para a utilização de técnicas de mineração de dados de defeitos construtivos em modelos BIM, fornecendo uma base conceitual para a sua aplicação prática. Acredita-se que a aplicação de mineração de dados em modelos BIM pode propiciar a identificação de padrões que são influenciados de alguma forma pela geometria dos elementos construtivos, padrões estes que podem ser úteis tanto para a análise de problemas de qualidade de execução, quanto para produtividade, manutenção, pós-ocupação, entre outros. Além da proposta de arcabouço teórico para mineração de dados em modelo BIM, esta pesquisa propôs um conjunto de componentes BIM para registro de informações de defeitos de construção, bem como uma proposta para categorização das relações entre os defeitos e os componentes do modelo BIM, de forma a tornar explícitas informações relevantes para mineração de seus dados.In the construction market, BIM - Building Information Modeling is no longer a fad adopted by few pioneers, but the centerpiece of technology in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction market (AEC), addressing aspects of design, construction and operation of buildings. In addition to engineering design information, the BIM model allows for storage and management of information from the construction process, facilities operations and building maintenance. Alongside with this, the amount of information stored in models and the opportunity to identify patterns related to geometry and topology of construction components also increase. For the analysis of this information, the use of appropriate data processing techniques is essential. Use of KDD (Knowledge Database Discovery) and Data Mining are among the existing techniques used for knowledge extraction in large databases. While focusing on data from construction defects and considering that a BIM model is not a standard data repository, in which standard data mining techniques could be applied directly, this research aimed to develop a theoretical framework that defines the requirements and procedures for the use of Data Mining Techniques for construction defects in BIM models, while providing a conceptual basis for its practical application. It is based on the concept that the application of data mining in BIM models is able to retrieve patterns that are influenced by the geometry of building elements and that these patterns can be useful for analyzing issues of construction quality, productivity, maintenance, and post-occupancy, among others. In addition to the proposition of a theoretical framework, this research developed a standard set of BIM components for the record of construction defects data, and suggested a structure for the categorization of correlations between defects and BIM components, with the purpose of clearly identifying relevant information for the data mining process.
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Alhajeri, Mashael Abdulaziz. "Post-construction liabilities for latent defects in building and construction contracts : the theoretical foundations and the allocation of risk (a comparative study in Kuwaiti, French, and English Law)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534372.
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Toronto, Nathan W. "Why war is not enough military defeat, the division of labor, and military professionalization /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1166202109.
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Thorsell, Thomas. "Advances in Thermal Insulation : Vacuum Insulation Panels and Thermal Efficiency to Reduce Energy Usage in Buildings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90745.
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We are coming to realize that there is an urgent need to reduce energy usage in buildings and it has to be done in a sustainable way. This thesis focuses on the performance of the building envelope; more precisely thermal performance of walls and super insulation material in the form of vacuum insulation. However, the building envelope is just one part of the whole building system, and super insulators have one major flaw: they are easily adversely affected by other problems in the built environment. Vacuum Insulation Panels are one fresh addition to the arsenal of insulation materials available to the building industry. They are composite material with a core and an enclosure which, as a composite, can reach thermal conductivities as low as 0.004 W/(mK). However, the exceptional performance relies on the barrier material preventing gas permeation, maintaining a near vacuum into the core and a minimized thermal bridge effect from the wrapping of barrier material round the edge of a panel. A serpentine edge is proposed to decrease the heat loss at the edge. Modeling and testing shows a reduction of 60% if a reasonable serpentine edge is used. A diffusion model of permeation through multilayered barrier films with metallization coatings was developed to predict ultimate service life. The model combines numerical calculations with analytical field theory allowing for more precise determination than current models. The results using the proposed model indicate that it is possible to manufacture panels with lifetimes exceeding 50 years with existing manufacturing. Switching from the component scale to the building scale; an approach of integrated testing and modeling is proposed. Four wall types have been tested in a large range of environments with the aim to assess the hygrothermal nature and significance of thermal bridges and air leakages. The test procedure was also examined as a means for a more representative performance indicator than R-value (in USA). The procedure incorporates specific steps exposing the wall to different climate conditions, ranging from cold and dry to hot and humid, with and without a pressure gradient. This study showed that air infiltration alone might decrease the thermal resistance of a residential wall by 15%, more for industrial walls. Results from the research underpin a discussion concerning the importance of a holistic approach to building design if we are to meet the challenge of energy savings and sustainability. Thermal insulation efficiency is a main concept used throughout, and since it measures utilization it is a partial measure of sustainability. It is therefore proposed as a necessary design parameter in addition to a performance indicator when designing building envelopes. The thermal insulation efficiency ranges from below 50% for a wood stud wall poorly designed with incorporated VIP, while an optimized design with VIP placed in an uninterrupted external layer shows an efficiency of 99%, almost perfect. Thermal insulation efficiency reflects the measured wall performance full scale test, thus indicating efficiency under varied environmental loads: heat, moisture and pressure. The building design must be as a system, integrating all the subsystems together to function in concert. New design methodologies must be created along with new, more reliable and comprehensive measuring, testing and integrating procedures. New super insulators are capable of reducing energy usage below zero energy in buildings. It would be a shame to waste them by not taking care of the rest of the system. This thesis details the steps that went into this study and shows how this can be done.QC 20120228
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Wells, Dominic David. "Coalitions are People: Policy Narratives and the Defeat of Ohio Senate Bill 5." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371806814.
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Kadlčík, Radek. "Pasportizace stavebně-technického stavu rodinného domu v Hodoníně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241367.
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The diploma thesis deals with solving passportization of the existing structural and technical conditions and the proposed modifications family house in Hodonin. The project includes theoretical part describing the defect of brick constructions and other related topics. Next explaining the problems of the building passportization, processing passport current state of the house in Hodonín with the marking of construction defects and failures. Followed by a proposal to repair these defects and failures, increased structural and technical standards. Preparation of a proposal modernization of the building. Compilation itemized budget for individual defects and failures.
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Hlavsa, Petr. "Vady a poruchy rezidenčních nemovitostí z pohledu tepelné techniky a jejich možný dopad na cenu nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233063.
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This master’s thesis deals with issues of faults and defects of building structures in residential real estate in terms of thermal technique. This thesis deals with their possible impact on the value of a residential real estate. In the theoretical part of this thesis, properties and quantities, which are used for an assessment of the building structures according to legislature, are described. Assessments of the steady state temperature are described closely. The thesis mentions usual sources and causes of faults and defects, which frequently occur. The possibilities of the non-destructive assessment of structures are also described. The reparability of faults or defects is related to the influence on the price of real estate. The practical part of the thesis deals with the value of a dwelling in an apartment house, which is affected by a fault manifesting surface condensation. An analyzed technical cause of this fault is described. Possible ways of remedying are shown, including the quantification of costs. The apartment is appraised in a faultless condition and afterwards the probable impact of this fault on the price of apartment is determined.
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Stanislav, Štěpán. "Průzkum a hodnocení zděné budovy před modernizací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226974.
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This thesis deals with the exploration and evaluation of historic masonry building. The researched building was built in the 20th 20th century. Is located in the premises of the Philosophical Faculty of Masaryk University in Brno. During preparation for the planned modernization of the survey was conducted several objects of the university complex. In this work, however, we consider only the building named "C". It will be processed by selected diagnostic method. The findings will then serve as a basis for static analysis and follow-up activities associated with modernization.
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Akevren, Selen. "Non-destructive Examination Of Stone Masonry Historic Structures-quantitative Ir Thermography And Ultrasonic Velocity." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611673/index.pdf.
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The in-situ examination of historical structures for diagnostic and monitoring
purposes is a troublesome work that necessitates the use of non-destructive
investigation (NDT) techniques. The methods of quantitative infrared
thermography (QIRT) and ultrasonic testing have distinct importance in this
regard. The key concern of the study was developing the in-situ use of QIRT for
assessment of stone masonry wall sections having different sublayer(s) and
failures. For that purpose, the non-destructive in-situ survey composed of QIRT
and ultrasonic testing was conducted on a 16th century monument, Cenabi Ahmet
PaSa Camisi, suffering from structural cracks, dampness problems and materials
deterioration. The combined use of these two methods allowed to define the
thermal inertia characteristics of structural cracks in relation to their depth. The
temperature evolution in time during the controlled heating and cooling process
was deployed for the cracks/defects inspection. The superficial and deep cracks
were found to have different thermal responses to exposed conditions which made
them easily distinguishable by QIRT analyses. The depth of cracks was precisely
estimated by the in-situ ultrasonic testing data taken in the indirect transmission
mode. The inherently good thermal resistivity of the wall structure was found to
have failed due to entrapped moisture resulting from incompatible recent plaster
repairs. The IRT survey allowed to detect the wall surfaces with different sublayer
configurations due to their different thermal inertia characteristics. The knowledge
and experience gained on the experimental set-ups and analytic methods were
useful for the improvement of in-situ applications of QIRT and ultrasonic testing.
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Urbánek, Zdeněk. "Standardizace znaleckých postupů při zjišťování vad projektové dokumentace vypracované do roku 1949." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354850.
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The work is focused on defining the methodology expert procedures for detecting defects in the project documentation in 1949. No legislation or literature this issue far more does not, it is a specific area that the project documentation defects generally are. The methods of the research study; analysis of documents; classification; Analysis - synthesis; induction - deduction; abstraction; comparison (comparison) case studies. Dissertation is focused on creating a systematic procedure for processing expertise, assessing defects in the design documentation in a limited period from 1880 to 1949.
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Seibel, Kevin S. "Perceptions of ideological imperialism why the establishment of democracy in the Middle East alone will not defeat Islamist terrorism /." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA491185.
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Kopečková, Hana. "Hodnocení aktuálního stavebně technického stavu existujícího objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227017.
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This thesis deals about the methodology, implementation and evaluation of diagnostic work of units and structural elements of the residental building built on Gorkého street in Brno. The building is located in the premesis of the vicinity of The Faculty of Arts, where was the extensive reconstruction and also the final extension. The survey was conducted for this reason . The experimantal part of the thesis include a static assessment of the mansory wall.
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Juklová, Sandra. "Pasportizace stavebně-technického stavu měšťanského domu v Havlíčkově Brodě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241338.
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The objective of this thesis is passportisation of the construction and technical condition of s of a townhouse in Havlíčkův Brod. Primarily to proof, draw and assess the condition of this townhouse suggest some appropriate solution. The next step is to aim, draw and design the building modernization while preserving its external character. The building layout and construction is part of the project. The layout places emphasis mainly on the building functionality and operation. Another aim of this project is to point out the construction and technical condition of the building and to find possible solutions to the problem. The thesis includes also a budget which puts a monetary value on the costs of the building reconstruction. The partial aim of this thesis is to propose possible modernization.
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Björling, Linnéa, and Gardell Alicia Diaz. "Reparation av inbyggda stålbalkar : Ekonomiska och tidseffektiva förstärkningsmetoder med låg klimatpåverkan." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259636.
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CE-märkta stålbalkar byggdes in i två konstruktioner innan det upptäcktes att det fanns porer i hattbalkarnas svets. Den defekta svetsen innebar att byggnadernas bärförmåga inte kunde garanteras. Kunskapen kring inbyggt stål stommaterial med defekt svets är liten. Det är dessutom svårt att reparera och undersöka stålbalkarnas svets när de är inbyggda i konstruktionen. Syftet med examensarbetet är att hitta förstärkningsmetoder och därmed främja kortare hanteringstid vid händelse av att defekta stålbalkar byggs in i en konstruktion. Metoden består av litteraturstudie och intervjuer. Först granskas litteratur för att förstå problematiken med defekt svets i stål stommaterial. Därefter utförs intervjuer med personer erfarna inom stål och byggteknik. Examensarbetets resultat är ett flertal förstärkningsmetoder för inbyggda stålbalkar med defekt svets. Några av förstärkningsmetoderna är möjliga att utföra med den kunskap som finns idag medan andra behöver undersökas och värderas innan de kan implementeras. Förstärkningsmetoderna som är möjliga att utföra med dagens kunskap är: att svetsa om balken från insidan eller att placera en balk/fackverksbalk under den befintliga balken. De metoder som behöver undersökas och värderas vidare är: skruvförband genom balken, efterspänna balken med vajrar eller GWS-stag och sedan fylla den med betong, föra in en balk inne i balken och fylla balken med betong och att kolfiberförstärka svetsen. Slutsatsen är att den här studien kan ligga till grund för framtagning av åtgärder för inbyggda stålbalkar med defekt svets med mål att uppnå den dimensionerade hållfastheten och en lösning som är tidseffektiv, kostnadseffektiv och har låg klimatpåverkan.Before the discovery of pores in the weld, CE-certified steel beams were embedded in two constructions. Since the weld was defective, the carrying capacity of the two buildings was questioned. There is a lack of knowledge about embedded steel beams with a damaged weld. It is difficult to repair and analyze the weld when the beams are embedded in the construction. The aim of the study is to find reinforcement methods for steel beams. The expectation is to shorten time in the production in case that defective steel beams are detected in the construction. The method consists of a literature study complemented by interviews. Literature is examined to understand the problem of defective welding in the steel framework. Subsequently, interviews are conducted with professionals within steel and building technology. The result of the report is multiple reinforcement methods for embedded steel beams with a defective weld. Some of the methods are possible to implement with the knowledge available today. Other methods need to be examined and assessed before executed. The reinforcement methods that are possible to perform are: weld the beam from the inside or place a beam underneath the existing beam. The methods that need further analysis are: drill a screw joint through the beam, strain the beam with steel-wires and fill the inside with concrete, place a beam inside the existing beam and fill the inside with concrete and last to reinforce the weld with carbon fibers. The conclusion is that this study can be used when reinforcement methods are needed for embedded steel beams with a defective weld. The objective with these methods is to restore the load-bearing capacity as well as finding a solution that is time efficient, economic and has low climatic influence.
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Allertz, Erik, and Tobias Hjelmar. "Kvalitetssäkring av material och tjänster inom byggentreprenadbranschen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36501.
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Quality is the key to a well executed product or service. The construction industry hasn’t highlighted the quality in recent times which have contributed to the construction industry receiving much criticism in the field. The public sees it as an offhanded industry where errors and delays are common.The reason for this is considered to be primarily the lack of time, constant pressure to reduce costs and skills and the ability to communicate between the parties about what the correct quality really means. The industry has begun to realize that it must start setting clearer standards and that there are great opportunities for improvement.This report will give Peab an opportunity to develop their quality work. The report highlights Peab residential area of Stockholm market position with the current quality of subcontractors and suppliers. It also provides suggestions on how Peab in a better way can work with quality and with this becoming a more competitive player in the market. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that Peab is aware of the problem and has begun work on improvements to enhance quality of work. Peab, for example, developed tools for gathering experience. Unfortunately these methods were used poorly and not to the degree that is required. Peab also works with partnering, based on long term business relationships. Correct use of partnering increases the chances of higher quality in the projects. Concrete proposals for improvements that this report highlights include higher standards in the procurement process, dare make demands on the quality of subcontractors and suppliers, learn from the mistakes made and disseminate the knowledge within the Group and work with long-term business relationships in which partners can develop one another .
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Ocásek, Petr. "Problematika snížení ceny rodinného domu v důsledku vady projevující se zavlháním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232622.
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Diploma work "Problems of house price reduction due to defects manifested with damp" deals with the issue of property valuation and subsequent sale of the defect. The first chapter describes valuation and other important factors relating to the Act valuation. The second chapter deals with the necessary documentation for property valuation and basic terminology. The third section deals with defects that could occur in the residential building as well as their possible correction. Another part of this work is focused on the actual valuation of the object to a defect with property damage and the last chapter deals with the actual real estate market and the subsequent sale of such property with the defect. The attachments of the case study is then focused on the valuation of the house and without defects and possible solutions and proposed procedures for sale.
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Aigel, Petr. "Ekonomické charakteristiky životního cyklu stavebního díla." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392285.
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Economic characteristics of building in the life cycle of the building work is a very broad topic. Captures economic part and associated technical part idem. Also, the life cycle of building work is very broad, a great many aspects and bearings enters into and influences the work. Excepting costs and prices of acquisition and maintenance of the works is necessary to observe quality of work performing. Both the materials used part and in terms of quality of each facture. This affects the amount of costs that may arise on the part of such unnecessary and degrading work as an entirety. This work attempts to describe all these aspects and influences, classify and appropriately use to monitoring of the works. All findings are tested on the building work - family house. The cornerstone is to find a suitable way of sorting accompanying work throughout its life cycle, allowing us to track costs and prices incurred on it. The conclusion consists answering questions and hypothesis exposed in the work.
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Yeh, Sheng-Ying, and 葉昇灜. "A Study on Defects of the Security Inspection of Elevators in Buildings." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mbn6g8.
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碩士東南科技大學
營建與空間設計系營建科技與防災碩士班
105
Land use in modern metropolitan is very dense and the space is becoming more and more tightly. High rise buildings are everywhere. Tall buildings bring up the use of elevators. And there comes the needs of comfort, speed and convenience. In Taiwan, safety of elevating equipment is a field hardly touched and accidents related with the safety of elevators are not unusual. This kind of accident accounts for high percentage of public safety events. In this research, through literature study, actual analysis and research plus questionnaire survey, we study the characteristics, construction, shaft of domestic elevating equipment as well as the space arrangement and smoke isolation functions. This research has the finding that there are great space of improvement in the repair, maintenance and actual faces of elevating equipment, and the services are poor due to cut-throat price competition. This is partly attributed to the under-budget and political consideration of competent agency. So, it takes cooperation between public and private sectors to maintain the safety in use of elevating equipment. This is especially so when there is fire occurred to super tall building. In such case, the ordinary firefighting equipment is unable to serve the purpose. Therefore, it is necessary to provide effectiove safety equipment in design stage. We know elevating equipment is most effective firefighting equipment but also because elevator shaft is a major factor of expansion of disaster, so the space arrangement is also an important factor to block expansion of the fire damage, because it can effectively gain time for firemen and avoiding secondary damage.
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Hua, Wen-Gang. "Procedures for diagnosis and assessment of concrete buildings." 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh8737.pdf.
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Chia-HaoHsu and 許家豪. "The Study of Detecting the Internal Defects of Wall Tile and Wooden Member of Buildings." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80926486397068616377.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
98
Taiwan is located at subtropical area, with high temperature and humidity. Under the construction quality, using of materials and irresistible disasters and so on, lots of factors will cause some defects such as the internal damage, the deterioration of buildings and cracks in the surface even make the exterior brick falling, and then making the influences of durability and the appearance of the buildings even endangered the public safety. However, if we want to knockout and rebuilding, it is not only high costs but also cause the safety of buildings. One of the most important is how to acquire the destruction degree and the distribution of the defects for the building to beneficial the follow-up rehabilitation. This study is aimed to the phenomena of the exterior wall tile hollowed and the internal hole of wooden member of buildings via the non-destructive testing. Discussing the applicability and feasibility of differ defects tests. The results are as follows, 1. Comparing by the frequency value of hammer tapping, the velocity value of ultrasonic and the temperature difference value after heating, the related trends of more severe hollowing of the tile, it is correspond to the higher frequency value, higher ultrasonic velocity value, and the higher temperature difference value, and this can assess the extent of tile hollowing. 2. The relationship with the tile of hollowing rate at on-site inspection area and different methods is : hammer tapping, the hollowing rate (y) and the frequency value (x), the linear relationship y = 0.0163x + 7.6165 (R2 = 0.78); ultrasonic detection, the hollowing rate (y) and ultrasonic velocityvalue (x), the linear relationship y = 0.0693x - 144.52 (R2 = 0.86); infrared(IR) thermography, the hollowing rate (y) and maximum temperature difference value (x), the linear relationship y = 39.688x - 551.43 (R2 = 0.90). 3. To compare the results of testing by using infrared thermography technique, ultrasonic detection and hammer tapping to detect the hollowing location and extent of wall tiles, the results are consistent, but the ultrasonic detection and hammer tapping have a higher estimate of the situation hollowing. 4. This study uses ultrasonic technology to detect internal defects of wood member, used in accordance with this research method, it can detect the internal hole of wood member over 3.5 cm diameter.
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Hua, Wen-Gang. "Procedures for diagnosis and assessment of concrete buildings / Wen-Gang Hua." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21344.
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shou-liang, Feng, and 馮守亮. "A Study on the Common Defects of the As-built Inspection of Fire Safety Equipment in Buildings." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95479w.
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碩士東南科技大學
營建科技與防災研究所在職專班
105
Abstract This study is aimed at common defects of the As-built Inspection of Fire Safety Equipment in Buildings of fire safety equipment. The fire safety equipment completed by the lack of inspection in addition to lead to inspection failed. If the fire can not be normal action, it will cause casualties and property damage. For practical cases and domestic and foreign related literature, we study was aggregated and analyzed. A total of 54 impact assessment factors were obtained from the four facets and their facets, and the use of hierarchical analysis (AHP) for analysis results are as follows: 1."Fire extinguishing equipments"、"Fire alarm and Broadcasting equipment"、"Refuge & Escape and Evacuation equipment"."Necessary equipments for fire rescue" and other four facets, " Fire alarm and Broadcasting equipment " as the most important facets. In the case of a comprehensive analysis. The Automatic fire alarm equipment as the most important factor In the "Fire alarm and Broadcasting equipment"; The Emergency lighting equipment as the most important factor In the "Refuge & Escape and Evacuation equipment"; The Automatic sprinkler system as the most important factor In the "Fire extinguishing equipment"; The Smoke control equipment as the most important factor In the "Necessary equipments for fire rescue" 2.Impact Common Defects of the As-built Inspection of Fire Safety Equipment in Buildings factors and rank the top 16 accounted for more than 50% of the overall weight. 3.The combination of " Fire alarm and Broadcasting equipment " and " Refuge & Escape and Evacuation equipment " accounts for about six percent of the overall level of weighting. Reducing the probability of occurrence of these two assessment deficiencies can effectively ensure the fire safety of buildings.
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CHIU, HAO-CHUN, and 邱晧純. "A Study on Defects of the Inspection of Fire Safety Equipment In Buildings - A Case Study of New Taipei City." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bc7352.
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碩士東南科技大學
營建與空間設計系營建科技與防災碩士班
105
In this paper, the reasons to develop for the disadvantages of the fire safety equipment of the buildings are mainly due to the establishment of the fire safety equipment is one of the most important business of the fire department. It is also the most direct to the early detection and increase people to escape of the fire. In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry and commerce and traffic construction, population gathered in large numbers, with a vast territory, diverse geographical types, urban and rural environment differences, making fire and disaster prevention work become challenging. The fire safety equipment paper examines of the buildings (the following referred to as the fire paper examine) and the approval of fire safety equipment inspection (the following referred to as the approval of fire inspection) shall be the design, supervision and installation of fire service equipment for the design and use of the building design and site. Building fire prevention and control of the important part of the fire paper that the completion of the inspection and implementation of fire safety inspection system related to the implementation of the quality of fire safety projects and public safety, the impact of relevant laws and regulations related to the professional knowledge, design itself, quality, and the investigators on-site to judge. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the improvement of the relevant system of the fire department.
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Lien, Wei-Ching, and 連韋慶. "Applying Non-Destructive Testing to Inspecting the Building Defects." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91146492956303624944.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
96
Taiwan is crowded, for the large capacity of living and activities buildings are built densely in the metropolitan area. Taiwan is located at subtropical area, with high temperature and humidity. Under the construction quality, using of materials and earthquake disaster and so on, lots of factors will cause some defects such as the deterioration of buildings and cracks in the surface even make the exterior brick falling, and then making the influences of durability and the appearance of the buildings even endangered the public safety. However, if we want to knockout and rebuilding, we should pay for some fixed costs but cause the safety of neighbor buildings. One of the most important for engineer is how to acquire the destruction degree and the distribution of the defects for the building to beneficial the follow-up rehabilitation. This study is aimed to the phenomena of external cracks, internal cracks, and exterior brick hollowed via the non-destructive testing. Comparing the ground penetrating radar, infrared(IR) thermography and ultrasonic detector to testing the applicability and feasibility of differ defects tests. The results are as follows, 1. When using the ground penetrating radar to testing the tiny cracks of the surface, can test the place of the cracks; The formula of this study could predict the depth of cracks when using the IR- thermography and ultrasonic test. 2. Using the ground penetrating radar to carry out the tests of the external defects of the buildings, we can test the range of the exterior brick hollowed and the destructive brick wall; when using the IR thermography technology, we can manipulate the skill of image processing technologies to get the range of exterior brick hollowed and the destructive brick wall, but we have to take the notice of the insolation condition of the environment. Due to the surface roughness of defects that impacts the feasibility of the ultrasonic test. 3. The result of this study indicates the range of the exterior brick hollowing will be very closer by comparing the tests between the IR thermography technology and the percussion test which using the IR thermography technology to the National Cheng Kung University Museum of the North elevation to the area of detection.
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Vojta, Pavel. "Stavba houslí a osobnost Václava Lance." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313124.
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The first theme which I focus on, is the life and work of the violin maker Václav Lanc. I explain his theories and methods of the violin building and setting up. I also approximate the luthiers craft and details of the string instruments construction. Then I write about the development of violin making in the Czech republic and also in the World and I emphasize the historical consequences. Finally I deal with the string musical instruments which are used at the basic music schools. The purpose is to minimize the problems, which teachers and pupils have with the daily maintenance and with setting up of the violin. At the end, for the youngest pupils, I dedicate the "Ten commandments" - How they should to look after their musical instruments. Keywords The building, the set up, the defects.
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Chou, Yu-Chiao, and 周玉僑. "Study on Public Safety Inspection of Buildings and Defect Improvement of Junior High and Elementary Schools." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/847jb9.
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碩士東南科技大學
營建與空間設計系營建科技與防災碩士班
106
Abstract The study is to investigate the actual situation of campus building safety inspection and to discover the factors of some of the most common inspection problems. It first compares the campus facility safety regulations with the official building safety inspection standards, discovering some disagreement between them. It then looks at the safety improvement projects of the campus buildings of New Taipei City, Taoyuan City and Hualien County. Finally, it consults with the campus contractors and professional inspectors for their suggestions with questionnaires. By analyzing the actual cases, it discovers that the most common inspection problems are from internal walls, interior decoration materials, fire doors, and combustion equipment. Those problems often happen in teaching space, service and teaching space, administrative space, and public service space. The factors include the unsatisfaction of the campus’ current need of space, the campus contractors’ ignorance of laws, and the different interpretations of the inspection regulations between professional inspectors. The study suggests electing safety managers of campus buildings, establishing review process of campus building safety inspection, and demanding safety resumes of campus building. KEYWORDS: “Middle/Elementary Schools” ; “Junior High and Elementary Schools ” ; “Campus Building”; “Buildings’ Public Safety”
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Сааді, Мохаммед Карам. "Аналіз дефектів будівельних конструкцій та методи їх усунення при будівництві в умовах сухого жаркого клімату Королівства Марокко." Магістерська робота, 2021. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/5489.
Full textAbstract:
Сааді Мохаммед Карам Аналіз дефектів будівельних конструкцій та методи їх усунення при будівництві в умовах сухого жаркого клімату Королівства Марокко : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 192 «Будівництво та цивільна інженерія» / наук. керівник Н. О. Данкевич. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 129 с.UA : Виконано аналіз дефектів будівельних конструкцій та методи їх усунення при будівництві в умовах сухого жаркого клімату. Зроблено доцільний аналіз сухого жаркого клімату та його вплив на будівництво будівель і споруд. Акцент зроблено на дефекти будівельних конструкцій і споруд, їх виявлення, а в подальшому виправлення, щоб поліпшити якість зведених конструкцій, підвищення швидкості будівництва, знизити трудомісткість та вартість виконання будівельних робіт.
EN : The analysis of defects in building structures and methods of their elimination during construction in a dry hot climate are carried out. An expedient analysis of the dry hot climate and its influence on the construction of buildings and structures has been made. The emphasis is on defects in building structures and structures, their detection, and further correction in order to improve the quality of the structures being erected, increase the speed of construction, and reduce the labor intensity and cost of construction work.
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Lu, Wei-Jen, and 盧威任. "An Integrated Study of the Defect and Improvement Strategy for School Building Construction -The case of Taipei City Municipal Elementary and Middle Schools." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2pj82g.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
建築及都市設計學系碩士在職專班
103
In recent years the trend in education has moved toward diversification. Thus, buildings, facilities, and equipment must also change in response to social changes and developments in education courses. A school is a designated education environment and school buildings are where students conduct their learning activities. Therefore, the quality of these buildings is relevant to students’ characteristic development and learning results. Construction quality defects in school buildings are used in this study to explore quality management implementation in school building construction. The expectation is to provide various municipal elementary and middle school personnel with better and more professional support when they are handling construction related matters. Motivations for this study include the following: (1) understanding construction implementation situation at schools; (2) determine the cause of school building construction defects; and (3) prevent construction defects from being repeated. To explore school construction implementation, determine construction quality defects, and provide a reference for improving future school construction projects, the specific objective of this study includes the following: (1) draft improvement and preventive measures for school construction quality defects; (2) propose important procedural points for school construction quality supervision; and (3) improve the quality knowledge of school general affairs personnel who are supervising the construction. Research results include the following: (1) analysis and exploration was conducted on the inspection results of the Construction Surveillance Units in Taipei City. Unstructured interviews were conducted on personnel from the competent authority, the supervisory unit, and the construction vendor. Widely held and representative opinions were summarized to determine school construction implementation defects and their causes. Improvement measures were proposed for construction management, construction supervision, quality awareness, and construction guidance; and (2) specific problems that affect construction quality management were listed in a primary defect and recommended measure comparison table, which can serve as a quality improvement reference for schools when they are implementing construction work. The results of this study can provide Taipei City municipal elementary and middle schools with a reference when they are implementing construction supervision related measures and planning. If Taipei City municipal elementary and middle schools reference the results of this study and implement study recommendations when they are handling construction related items, the final construction quality can be expected to improve.
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Hung, Elvis, and 洪勝雄. "Study of Improveing the defect of the 32 & 33-th Punitive Rule of Soil and Water Conservation Law and the 35-th Punitive Rule of Slope-land Conservation Use Regulation --Lincoln Big Building Disaster four Cases as the Examples." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77618036996449661249.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系
92
Soil and Water Conservation Law was legislated and announced on May 25-th 1994, and this outcome took twenty-five years by the soil and water conservation relative professional continuities. Besides establishing the law is the most important resource of law for the soil and water conservation workers, because the purpose and object of this law is to protect the Soil and Water resources of Taiwan, and also is the fundamental work for this island which twenty-three million people have been living in Taiwan. It is involved beyond individual benefit (Society benefit and Nation benefit) when legislated this law, therefore it especially and have priority to possess the penalty standard of the administrative legislation. In other words except the administration authority (Ex: Because there is no regulations for penalty in architecture Laws and it’s then classified into administrative laws) of this law. Because of the penalty (Soil and Water Conservation Law, clause 32 and 33rd) established, Jurisdiction could be intervened by operation of this law. Since the soil and water conservation workers are devoted to the civil engineering and Environmental protection mainly, consequently read and study law affairs cursorily. They couldn’t integrate the engineering and the law properly, accordingly they copy the regulation directly from Mountain sloping field conservation laws, clause 35th. It cause jurisdiction worker to feel doubtful to identify “…causing soil and water erosion… (Statutory article) ” When they execute the punishment. Due to this, they also couldn’t clamp down on illegality and prevent the catastrophe at the real time. This law is originally established to be a standard of soil and water conservation construction even more would make up the deficiency when opening the ground and enforcing a ban, but lead to difficulty for the jurisdiction worker contrarily. This study concern on expounding the jurisprudence theory, and explore the cause of Lincoln Building concurrently. I want to investigate the deficiency of this law by the occurred damage of Lincoln Building as an example and suggest the relative institute to revise this law accordingly. Therefore could completely fulfill the law onto develop and build and construct the slope land, in the mean time could stop over-cultivating and illegal constructing as well.