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Academic literature on the topic 'Buildings – Defects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Buildings – Defects"

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Krakhmalnyy, Timofey, and Sergej Evtushenko. "DEFECTS AND DAMAGES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS." Construction and Architecture 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2020-8-2-5-10.

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This article is a continuation of the authors ' series of articles on defects and damage to building structures of industrial buildings. This article presents typical defects and damages of precast and monolithic reinforced concrete columns of industrial buildings. The possible reasons for the formation of typical defects, the consequences of which may lead to their development, are considered, and recommendations for the elimination of identified damages are given. In conclu-sion, the article analyzes the characteristic zones of defect formation in rein-forced concrete columns of buildings in accordance with the method proposed earlier by the authors.
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Krakhmalnyy, Timofey, and Sergej Evtushenko. "DEFECTS AND DAMAGES OF METAL CRANE BEAMS OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS." Construction and Architecture 9, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2021-9-3-11-15.

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The article provides an analysis of typical and unique defects and damages of crane beams, which is a continuation of the series of articles by the authors about defects and damages of industrial buildings. Previously, articles on typical defects of industrial buildings have already been published: ground bases, foundations, reinforced concrete columns, metal columns, vertical connections and wall panels. Most of the defects are explained by photos. At the end of the article, an analysis of the characteristic zones of defect formation in the metal crane beams of industrial buildings is given, which allows laying the foundation for the development of an automated control system (ACS) for the life cycle of an industrial building.
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Hatfield, Boodle. "DEFECTS IN BUILDINGS:." Facilities 7, no. 1 (January 1989): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006475.

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N.F. Zuraidi, S., M. A. Abdul Rahman, and Z. A. Akasah. "Measuring the Level of Defect Condition in the Museum Building." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27692.

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Assessment of buildings is one of the main components that are essential to assess the condition of the building. Without evaluation, it is difficult to determine the current condition of a heritage building, so failure to check can contribute to future assets. The objective of this study is to assess the level of defect condition in a heritage building. This study has selected nine buildings of the museum as a place of study. The location of the museum building is located in three states of Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang. All of the museum buildings have been implemented by using Building Defect Assessment (BDA) and used as a survey tool to assess the level of disability at museum building. Defects of each element in the building of the museum have been recorded. As a result of the BDA suggests that score full points used to provide the level of evaluating the overall condition of the museum building is good, and the need for action to maintenance requirements such as monitoring, repair, a replacement for preventing defects or serious damage.
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Milion, Raphael N., Thaís da C. L. Alves, José Carlos Paliari, and Luisa H. B. Liboni. "CBA-Based Evaluation Method of the Impact of Defects in Residential Buildings: Assessing Risks towards Making Sustainable Decisions on Continuous Improvement Activities." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126597.

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Evaluating the impact of defects in buildings and ranking the most impactful ones enables construction companies to better choose which paths to take in light of continuous improvement activities to support more sustainable decisions regarding the design and operation of buildings. As a result, the risks of the different choices are more clearly identified while assessing all tangible and intangible aspects of residential building defects in a structured way. Although recent studies on managing construction defects in residential buildings have focused on monetary losses associated with maintenance activities based on the defect’s frequency and severity, these studies do not take into account the levels of customer satisfaction. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel evaluation method of the impact of defects to support decision-making in managing defect occurrences in residential buildings. The goal is to rank the defects’ impact based on a combination of some critical aspects: frequency of occurrence, financial considerations on repairing such defects, the impact that these defects have on customer satisfaction, and the cost and complexity of preventing and minimizing these defect occurrences through continuous improvement activities. The method consists of a structured set of steps that use data from technical assistance departments and customer satisfaction surveys, where information about the users’ level of satisfaction and the occurrence of defects is available. In this paper, data obtained from a construction company were used to test and validate the proposed method. The method also examines the challenges and barriers associated with the technique and points out that difficulties in acquiring reliable data are a bottleneck for making conscious and sustainable decisions to address construciton defects. Moreover, the case study results highlight essential capabilities needed by companies to correctly assess the impact of defects, such as correctly logging data in a structured database and having skilled personnel to verify defects users might have complained about. The paper ends by proposing a set of guidelines to use the method and stressing that structured methods for decision-making are crucial to analyze construction defects in a structured way while also incorporating the user’s perspective. The proposed method is expected to improve sustainable managerial decisions where economic, environmental, social, and technical risks can be accounted for to enhance the quality of projects from the customer’s perspective. Such analysis can help optimize and prioritize the use of resources and minimize the economic impact of activities on the construction company.
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K C, Prof Santosh. "Detection of Building Defects Using CNN." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 2727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36960.

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Detection of defects together with cracks and spalls on wall surface in high-rise buildings may be a crucial task of buildings’ maintenance. purchasers area unit progressively searching for quick and effective suggests that to quickly and often survey and communicate the condition of their buildings in order that essential repairs and maintenance work will be tired a proactive and timely manner before it becomes too dangerous and big-ticket. If left unseen and untreated, these defects will considerably have an effect on the structural integrity and also the aesthetic side of buildings, timely and efficient strategies of building condition survey area unit of active want for the building house owners and maintenance agencies to switch the time- and labour-consuming approach of manual survey. so mistreatment the applying of deep learning technique of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in automating the condition assessment of buildings. the main target is to automatic detection and localisation of key defects arising from damp, patches, stains, cracks in buildings from pictures.
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Bunkholt, N. S., L. Gullbrekken, B. Time, and T. Kvande. "Process induced building defects in Norway – development and climate risks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012040.

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Abstract The SINTEF building defects archive is an important source to knowledge on building defects in Norway. This study presents a review of defects investigated by SINTEF in the period 2017–2020, including 175 defect cases registered in 125 reports. The main goal is to understand the primary causes of process induced building defects today and which building elements may be considered as risk spots. The review shows that almost 3 of 4 defects is related to moisture, caused by sources as precipitation, condensation of humid indoor air or built-in moisture. Defects associated with the building envelope make up more than 70% of the cases, of which most defects are linked to exterior wall or roof constructions. The results from the present study have been compared to a review of defects reported in the archive during the period 1993–2002. The comparison reveals that the share of damages caused by precipitation is almost doubled, while the share of damages caused by humid air from the interior is approximately halved. The results imply that climate adaptation of buildings is important. As climate change causes more precipitation with higher intensities, the load on buildings increases and a larger focus on risk reduction and protection towards penetration of water from the outside is required.
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Gritėnas, Lukas, and Jolanta Tamošaitienė. "ASSESSMENT OF DEFECTS IN MASONRY WALLS FOR THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN LITHUANIA." Engineering Structures and Technologies 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2021.18457.

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This paper presents the assessment of masonry wall defects in residential buildings in Lithuania. The created model is based on a multi-attribute evaluation of wall defects in residential buildings in Lithuania, the determination of their optimality criterion values calculated according to Laplace’o rule. The developed defect assessment algorithm has advantages to be used by repair contractors and people or companies performing building maintenance. First, the model allows planning the course of repair works properly. When carrying out repair work in a building with recurring defects that mainly occur at the building site, proper workflow and its planning are essential. The proposed model could be applied further to a building owner to select the most damaged walls. A background and a description of the proposed model are provided, and several key findings from the data analyses are presented.
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Zalejska Jonsson, Agnieszka, and Rosane Hungria Gunnelin. "Defects in newly constructed residential buildings: owners’ perspective." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 37, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-09-2018-0077.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present defects reported by cooperative owners, and to determine the relationship between building characteristics, developer’s/contractor’s company size and defect type. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on defects reported by board members of cooperatives in Sweden through a survey questionnaire. The 1,563 questionnaires were posted by regular mail to the boards of cooperatives for buildings. The current research presents results from analysis of responses from 394 regular residential projects constructed between 2006 and 2013. The responses represent owners’ experience from a total 1,107 buildings. Findings Findings presented in this study indicate that building quality might be one of the factors contributing to the energy gap. The analysis indicates that the most severe problems reported by cooperatives are issues related to building envelope, particularly shortcomings in the function of windows, issues related to the function of the balcony and cracks in the facade and leakage caused by rain water. The results show that the building quality differs depending on developers’ size, measured by number of employees. The authors have also found a significant relationship between reported defects and location expressed by size of the city/municipality. Originality/value The discussion on newly constructed residential buildings has been dominated by the perspective of professionals (inspectors) and contractors (or developers) rather than of the owners/users themselves. This study presents findings from the owners’ perspective, thus contributing the owners’ viewpoint to the debate on building quality.
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Ismail, Zul-Atfi. "Lesson learned in maintaining the precast concrete buildings." Journal of Facilities Management 18, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-04-2020-0029.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify existing weaknesses in precast concrete building maintenance and how to overcome it. The contemporary practice of conventional methods in the pre-cast concrete (PC) building maintenance entails many issues such as PC component aesthetic and structural defects, no integration between maintenance systems and lack the intelligent capabilities of linking defect diagnosis operations in maintenance due to poor service delivery and defect repetition. A key problem impeding the widespread adoption of emerging technologies is the lack of competent contractor supporting the effectiveness of implemented information and communication technology than conventional methods and the returns on investment. Design/methodology/approach The shortcomings of conventional methods are assessed from the perspective of PC buildings. Several data were collected through a case study of eight PC buildings from high-rise and complex buildings. Findings The conventional methods had significantly little emphasis on defect diagnosis tools. It had also increased the inadequate strategic decision making to analyse information in improving the maintenance project outcomes for PC building. Originality/value Building information modelling tools is suggested from findings and lessons learned as a good practice to reduce the repetition of defects on the design specification used and construction practiced.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Buildings – Defects"

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Netto, Anne Magdalaine. "Third party rights for latent defects in buildings." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368707.

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Shelbourn, Mark. "Using computer-aided-learning to train inexperienced surveyors in diagnosing defects in buildings." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248911.

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Mook, King-tong Chris. "Curtain wall defects in Hong Kong high-rise office buildings incidences, seriousness and causes /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37943224.

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Le, Roux Martyn. "Defect in the South African construction industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020320.

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Lack of quality in the South African construction industry is causing various problems for different stakeholders. The causes of this lack in quality are due to various different attributes. Corruption has become one of the leading causes with regards to lack of quality. Quality assurance can mitigate or eliminate defects through the implementation of a quality management system. Defects manifest primarily through cracking, dampness, detachment, and water leaks. Defects are categorized as structural, subsidence, acoustic and thermal. In terms of time, defects are either patent or latent, and can be discovered through observation, inspection and various tests. The causes of defects are ultimately due to error or omission, either during design or during the construction phases. Defects may also result due to procurement related factors, such as appointment of incompetent contractors. The result of defects is customer dissatisfaction, rework and disputes. Non-conformance to requirements results in rework and this in turn contributes to time and cost overruns. The aim of this research was to investigate the greatest cause that leads to defects in houses; the most common type of defect; and why projects fail in term of project management terms (due to defects). Results of quantitative research amongst professionals within the construction industry in the Western and Eastern Cape of South Africa as well as literature that has been reviewed form the basis of this study. Architectural practices, consulting engineering practices, and general building contractors were selected on a random sample basis, and surveyed using an online questionnaire. The study revealed that inadequate artisan skills is the biggest cause leading to defects in houses, and that cracks are the most frequent type of defect occurring. Projects fail in project management terms because of defects as the construction time of the projects are increased. The study revealed that construction related causes of defects dominate over design related causes. This study should be of value to both construction industry professionals as well as their clients.
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Silveira, Dora Susana Gomes da. "Constructive and mechanical characterisation of adobe masonry walls of existing buildings." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17313.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil
Earthen construction has been widely used throughout the world, since approximately 10000 years ago and until the present day. A significant part of the world earthen built heritage – including many properties inscribed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List –, however, is at risk. In Portugal, earth was also a widely used construction material until the middle of the 20th century. In Aveiro district, in particular, adobe construction was very common. Currently, there are still a great number of adobe constructions in this region, a large part of which are in use. Many of the existing buildings are of social, cultural, and architectural value. Despite their value, however, many of these buildings are in a poor state of conservation, suffering from various structural and non-structural defects. The problems observed in existing adobe buildings result in large part from a lack of knowledge regarding the materials and building systems used in this type of construction. There is, in particular, a lack of knowledge about the properties and behaviour of adobe masonry walls, which are key structural elements that influence the overall behaviour of buildings. The main aim of the research developed and discussed in this thesis is thus to contribute to this knowledge, focusing, in particular, on the adobe buildings of Aveiro district. For this purpose, a visual and dimensional inspection of the facade walls of twenty-one representative adobe buildings was conducted. With this inspection, it was possible to carry out a detailed analysis of the facade walls – including their structural system, coatings, and traditional masonry materials – and to assess the vulnerabilities, common defects, and state of conservation of these elements. A series of experimental tests were also carried out. Simple compression tests were performed on cylindrical and cubic adobe specimens, flexural tests on adobe bricks, and splitting tests on cylindrical specimens. Simple compression and diagonal compression tests were also conducted on ten full-scale adobe masonry wall panels, built with adobes taken from an existing construction. Finally, an in-plane horizontal cyclic test was performed on a full-scale double-T shaped adobe wall, also built with adobes from an existing construction. With the tests carried out, it was possible to characterise the strength, stiffness, stress-strain relationships, and common damage pattern of the test specimens, and to assess correlations between different mechanical properties. It was also possible to develop a comparison between the strength values obtained and the limits indicated in existing standards for earthen construction, and between the results obtained and those determined by other authors for test specimens representative of adobe construction in other countries. The results presented and discussed in this thesis contribute to the enrichment of knowledge that is considered essential to support the conservation and rehabilitation of existing adobe buildings, not only in Portugal, but also in other regions of the world.
A construção em terra tem sido muito utilizada em todo o mundo, desde há cerca de 10000 anos atrás e até aos dias de hoje. Uma parte significativa do património mundial construído com terra, incluindo vários bens inscritos na Lista de Património Mundial da UNESCO, encontra-se, no entanto, em risco. Em Portugal, a terra foi também um material de construção muito utilizado até meados do século XX. No distrito de Aveiro, em particular, a construção em adobe era muito comum. Atualmente, existe ainda um elevado número de construções em adobe nesta região, grande parte das quais se encontram em uso. Muitos dos edifícios existentes são de valor social, cultural e arquitetónico reconhecido. No entanto, apesar do seu valor, muitos destes edifícios estão em mau estado de conservação, apresentando anomalias estruturais e não estruturais variadas. Os problemas observados nos edifícios existentes de adobe resultam, em grande parte, de falta de conhecimento sobre os materiais e sistemas de construção utilizados neste tipo de edificação. Há, em particular, falta de conhecimento sobre as propriedades e o comportamento das paredes de alvenaria de adobe, que são elementos estruturais principais que influenciam o comportamento global dos edifícios. Assim, o trabalho de investigação desenvolvido e discutido nesta tese tem como principal objetivo contribuir para este conhecimento, debruçando-se, em particular, sobre as construções em adobe do distrito de Aveiro. Para este efeito, foi realizada uma inspeção visual e dimensional das paredes de fachada de vinte e um edifícios de adobe representativos. Com esta inspeção, foi possível analisar de forma detalhada as paredes de fachada – incluindo o seu sistema estrutural, revestimentos e materiais de alvenaria tradicionais – e avaliar as vulnerabilidades, anomalias comuns e estado de conservação destes elementos. Uma série de ensaios experimentais foi também levada a cabo. Foram realizados ensaios de compressão simples sobre provetes cilíndricos e cúbicos de adobe, ensaios de flexão sobre blocos de adobe e ensaios de compressão diametral sobre provetes cilíndricos. Foram ainda realizados ensaios de compressão simples e compressão diagonal sobre dez painéis de alvenaria de adobe à escala real, construídos com adobes recolhidos de uma construção existente. Por fim, realizou-se o ensaio de uma parede à escala real em forma de ‘duplo T’, construída também com adobes de uma construção existente, sob a ação de uma carga horizontal cíclica, aplicada no plano da parede. Com os ensaios realizados, foi possível caracterizar a resistência, a rigidez, as relações de comportamento tensão-deformação e o padrão comum de dano dos elementos ensaiados, e avaliar as correlações entre diferentes propriedades mecânicas. Foi ainda desenvolvida uma comparação entre os valores de resistência obtidos e os limites indicados nas normas existentes para a construção em terra, bem como entre os resultados obtidos e aqueles determinados por outros autores para a alvenaria de adobe representativa da construção em adobe noutros países. Os resultados apresentados e discutidos nesta tese contribuem para o enriquecimento de conhecimento que é considerado essencial para apoiar a conservação e reabilitação dos edifícios de adobe existentes, não só em Portugal, mas também noutras regiões do mundo.
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Fox, Matthew William. "Thermography approaches for building defect detection." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4304.

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Thermography is one technology, which can be used to detect thermally significant defects in buildings and is traditionally performed using a walk-through methodology. Yet because of limitations such as transient climatic changes, there is a key performance gap between image capture and interpretation. There are however new methodologies currently available, which actively address some of these limitations. By better understanding alternative methodologies, the performance gap can be reduced. This thesis contrasts three thermography methodologies (Walk-through, time-lapse and pass-by) to learn how they deal with limitations and address specific building defects and thermal performance issues. For each approach, practical methodologies were developed and used on laboratory experiments (hot plate) and real dwelling case studies. For the real building studies, 133 dwellings located in Devon and Cornwall (South West England) were studied; this sample represents a broad spectrum of construction types and building ages. Experiments testing these three methodologies found individual strengths and weaknesses for each approach. Whilst traditional thermography can detect multiple defects, characterisation is not always easy to achieve due to the effects of transient changes, which are largely ignored under this methodology. Time-lapse thermography allows the observation of transient changes from which more accurate assessment of defect behaviour can be gained. This is due to improved differentiation between environmental conditions (such as cloud cover and clear sky reflections), actual material thermal behaviour and construction defects. However time-lapse thermography is slow, complex and normally only observes one view. Walk-past thermography is a much faster methodology, inspecting up to 50 dwellings per survey session. Yet this methodology misses many potential defects due to low spatial resolutions, single (external only) elevation inspection and ignoring transient climate and material changes. The implications of these results for building surveying practice clearly indicate that for an improved defect characterisation of difficult to interpret defects such as moisture ingress, thermographers should make use of time-lapse thermography. A review of methodology practicalities illustrates how the need for improved characterisation can be balanced against time and resources when deciding upon the most suitable approach. In order to help building managers and thermographers to decide on the most suitable thermography approach, two strategies have been developed. The first combines different thermography methodologies into a phased inspection program, where spatial and temporal resolution increase with each subsequent thermography inspection. The second provides a decision-making framework to help select the most appropriate thermography methodology for a given scenario or defect.
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Pusuluri, Pullarao. "Building Pathology: Survey of defects and cost estimate of a case study renovation project." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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This is a methodology of ‘Building Pathology’ explained through theoretically and practically by applying it on a case study. The stages are developed from the references of the previous books knowledge, combined by following codes of Normal 1/88 and latest methods of rehabilitation and protection. The stages are followed with an order from Initial investigation of visual survey, continuing with diagnostic analysis based on the intrinsic causes due to the conditions of site and architectural errors, Extrinsic natural causes due to climatic, temperature, weather along with some anthropic condition caused by human actions. The results from the diagnostics are further classified according to class based on type of damage as structural and nonstructural. Another class based on nature of degradation mechanism as physical, chemical and biological. Final class based on Type of alteration as reversible and irreversible. The classified alterations are represented using the codes of Normal 1/88 which indicates the Hatching in AutoCAD with the exact dimensions of the case study taken. By using the AutoCAD file with exact dimensions and hatchings calculation of individual alterations is possible. By the Detailed analysis and esteemed calculations of alterations type of renovation can be suggested in an order as cleaning followed by repairs and strengthening finally protection measurements can be ensured. As from the suggested renovation and market price of material along with the present labor, technicians daily charge the final cost estimation can be calculated.
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Georgiou, Jim, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "A COMPARISON OF DEFECTS IN HOUSES CONSTRUCTED BY OWNERS AND REGISTERED BUILDERS IN VICTORIA 1988-1996." Deakin University. School of Architecture and Building, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040618.094452.

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The lack of attention to quality control by house builders in the Australian State of Victoria has been a contentious issue for more than two decades. Ina an attempt to improve the quality of housing, various mechanisms such as voluntary and compulsory registration schemes have been adopted and discarded by industry-based organisations and government. While builders are encouraged to improve construction quality, little is known and published about the quality of housing produced by owner builders specifically during the seven year warranty period after construction is completed. With this in mind, this thesis presents research findings that compare the latent defects in houses built by owner builders with those of registered builders. Using inspection reports provided by Archicentre a sample of 1772 houses, of which 1002 were owner builders and 770 were registered builders
was used to determine the severity, the incidence, and location of defects within each house type. Houses less than a year old were found to contain a siginificant proportion of defects for both types of builder. In addition, it was found that HO builders had a mean of 2.74 defects per house and HR builders mean of 2.30 defects per house for the seven-year warranty period. To determine whether there was a significant difference between the quality of housing produced by HO and HR the statistical technique of Chi-squared analysis was undertaken at a 5% level of significance. The analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the quality of housing procured by owner and registered
builders. In particular, it was found that the important category of workmanship for HO builders had significantly less defects that HR builders, which suggests that HR builders need to improve their managerial practices and the quality of on-site supervision. In essence, this thesis has provided a series of benchmark metrics for latent defects against which current and future legislative programs con be compared for new housing in the State of Victoria. It is recommended that future research focus on the methods for improving the role of the on-site supervisor as they are considered to be the important link in the quality chain.
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Jakimovska, Ana. "Empirical framework for building and evaluating Bayesian network models for defect predication." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527022.

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Zhu, Zhenhua. "Column recogniton and defects/damage properties retrieval for rapid infrastructure assessment and rehabilitation using machine vision." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44768.

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No matter how inspection techniques have been advanced, manual visual inspection is currently still the first and fundamental step in assessing civil infrastructure. If no sign of deterioration has been spotted in manual inspection, any future inspection actions is not necessary to take. However, manual inspection has been identified with several limitations including the qualitative nature of inspection results, the time-consuming inspection process, and the heavy reliance on inspectors' and/or engineers' experience. In order to overcome these limitations, automated visual inspection systems have been proposed to enhance and/or replicate the manual inspection process. A number of image processing methods have been developed in detecting defects (i.e. coating rusts) and damage (i.e. cracks) on civil infrastructure. Their effectiveness has been verified in inspecting structures, such as bridges, underground pipes, and tunnels. Although existing methods are effective in finding defects and damage from digital images, missing two important links limits their application for rapid infrastructure assessment and rehabilitation. The first link is the correlation between the defects/damage and the structural members that the defects/damage lie on. The second link is the relationship between the defects/damage and their impacts on the structural members. The purpose of this research is to investigate the way of establishing these two links. It is focused on the retrieval of critical structural members and defects/damage information from images/videos, and then the utilization of this information for automated and rapid assessment and rehabilitation of civil infrastructure. Specifically, a combination of techniques from the areas of visual pattern recognition, digital filtering, and machine vision have been used in order to develop a set of methods for concrete column recognition, crack properties retrieval, and air pockets and discoloration detection and evaluation. The methods proposed in this research were implemented in a Microsoft Visual Studio environment, and tested on the real images/videos of concrete structures inflicted with cracks, air pockets and discoloration. The test results indicated that the methods could automatically recognize concrete columns, correctly measure the properties of the cracks in a crack map, and accurately evaluate the impacts of air pockets and discoloration on the visual quality of concrete surfaces.
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Books on the topic "Buildings – Defects"

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Great Britain. Property Services Agency. and Great Britain. Dept. of the Environment. Directorate of Building Development., eds. Defects in buildings. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Bone, Sylvester. Defects in buildings. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Defects and deterioration in buildings. 2nd ed. London: Spon Press, 2001.

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Defects and deterioration in buildings. London: E. & F.N. Spon, 1990.

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Richardson, Barry A. Defects and deterioration in buildings. London: Spon, 1991.

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Lamden, Brian. Remedying defects in older buildings. Ascot: Chartered Institute of Building, 1988.

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L, Bonshor L., and Building Research Establishment, eds. Cracking in buildings. London: Construction Research Communications, 1996.

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Crocker, Alan. Building failures: Recovering the cost. Oxford: BSP, 1990.

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A, Noy Edward, ed. Building surveys and reports. 4th ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Endean, K. Building defects in modern industrial buildings: A CPD study pack. Reading: College of Estate Management, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Buildings – Defects"

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Seeley, Ivor H. "Building Defects." In Building Surveys, Reports And Dilapidations, 56–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17930-5_3.

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Oswald, David, and Trivess Moore. "Building defects." In Constructing a Consumer-Focused Industry, 17–30. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003176336-2.

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Son, Lee How, and George C. S. Yuen. "Concrete Defects." In Building Maintenance Technology, 74–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23150-8_5.

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Parnham, Phil, and Larry Russen. "Diagnosing building defects." In Residential Property Appraisal, 55–58. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003253105-4.

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Chudley, Roy, Roger Greeno, and Karl Kovac. "Construction Defects." In Chudley and Greeno’s Building Construction Handbook, 711–23. 12th edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027130-22.

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Son, Lee How, and George C. S. Yuen. "Concrete Defects — Inspection and Diagnosis." In Building Maintenance Technology, 100–123. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23150-8_6.

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"Structural Defects in Buildings." In Structural Design of Buildings, 295–306. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118839393.ch18.

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"Distortion in buildings." In The Technology of Building Defects, 349–54. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203475362-50.

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"Wind around buildings." In The Technology of Building Defects, 355–60. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203475362-51.

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"Radon in buildings." In The Technology of Building Defects, 343–48. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203475362-49.

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Conference papers on the topic "Buildings – Defects"

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Ekanayake, B. "A deep learning-based building defects detection tool for sustainability monitoring." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.1.

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To ensure sustainability of buildings, detection of building defects is crucial. Conventional practices of defects detection from building inspection data are mostly manual and error prone. With the advancements in computer vision, imaging technology and machine learning-based tools have been developed for real-time, accurate and efficient defects detection. Deep learning (DL), which is a branch of ML is more robust in automatically retrieving elements’ semantics to detect building defects. Although DL algorithms are robust in object detection, the computational complexities and configurations of these models are high. Therefore, this study presents a process of developing a computationally inexpensive and less complicated DL model using transfer learning and Google Colab virtual machine to improve automation in building defects detection. Cracks is one of the major building defects that constraint the safety and durability of buildings thus hindering building sustainability. Building cracks images were sourced from the Internet to train the model, which was built upon You Only Look Once (YOLO) DL algorithm. To test the DL model, inspection images of five (05) buildings collected by the Facilities Management department of a University in Sydney city were used. The DL model developed using this process offers a monitoring tool to ensure the sustainability of buildings with its’ ability of detecting cracks from building inspection data in real time accurately and efficiently. Although the current model is built to detect cracks, this process can be employed to automated detection of any building defect upon providing the training images of defects.
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Kirkham, William J. "Reducing Construction Defects and Design Errors in Timber Buildings." In Structures Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481325.028.

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Bartoň, Vojtěch, Jaroslav Šnédar, and Petr Cikrle. "The Expansion of Defects of Solid Fired Bricks due to their Freezing." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS 2021. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1bt8c0.

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This article deals with defects in solid fired bricks caused by repeated freezing and defrosting. Defects can be divided into surface (visible) such as cracks or chips of the test element. The second type of defects are those in the internal structure (invisible on the surface). The defects in the internal structure can be the easiest detected by non-destructive methods such as the resonant pulse method or the ultrasonic pulse method. This article deals with the possibility of detecting defects in the internal structure of solid fired bricks and their relation to surface defects. The test elements were repeatedly frozen and defrosted, and after a certain number of cycles, changes in the internal structure were monitored by the resonance method and by the ultrasonic method. The variable for monitoring the failure of the internal structure is the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDM).
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Sazonova, Svetlana, Sergey Nikolenko, Sergey Dorokhin, and Dmitry Sysoev. "Control of the formation of defects in brickwork of buildings." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE II INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES: (CAMSTech-II 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093524.

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Šnédar, Jaroslav, Vojtěch Bartoň, and Petr Cikrle. "Detection of Internal Defects and Failures of Concrete Structures Using Non-Destructive Methods." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS 2021. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4096k1.

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This paper deals with the issue of detection of internal defects and failures of concrete structures with emphasis on the use of non-destructive methods. All parts of the structure that reduce its service life or bearing capacity can be considered as internal defects and failures. These are, for example, gravel nests, cracks, delamination, caverns etc. Due to the prevalence of concrete structures, the development of this part of diagnostics is very important both for the safety of their users and to reduce the economic costs of their future repairs.
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Bonifazzi, C., G. Maino, S. Massari, L. Roversi, C. Selvatici, and A. Tartari. "Non-destructive analyses of defects and effects of airborne pollutants in historical buildings." In 2006 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. QIRT Council, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2006.078.

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Shao, Wanpeng, Ken'ichi Kakizaki, Shunsuke Araki, and Tomohisa Mukai. "Automated Two-Stage Approach for Damage Detection of Surface Defects in Historical Buildings." In 2022 IEEE 46th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac54236.2022.00289.

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Nikolenko, S. D., S. A. Sazonova, and D. A. Volodkin. "APPLICATION OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS IN EVALUATION OF DEFECTS IN BRICK BUILDINGS." In Аспекты моделирования систем и процессов. Воронеж: Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/amsp2022_230-241.

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Dekhterev, Denis, and Ashot Tamrazyan. "Methodology for Assessing the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures Using the Reliability Criterion." In The 13th International Conference on Contemporary Problems of Architecture and Construction. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-mbgy1w.

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As a result of the design and construction of buildings and structures, the level of reliability of the construction structure or construction object as a whole is formed. The reliability specified in the project does not remain constant, but changes over time as a result of the imperfection of the design model of the building, inaccuracies of installation, as well as during the accumulation of defects and damage to the building during its use. Currently, the scope of work related to the assessment of the technical condition of buildings is constantly increasing. This is due not only to the increasing number of operated structures, but also an increase in safety requirements and an increase in the qualitative characteristics of buildings. The article proposes to maintain a unified approach to the inspection of the engineering and technical condition that uses the reliability criterion for the basic structural elements of buildings and structures. In modern conditions, it is important to determine the necessary level of reliability acceptable to economic considerations and meets modern safety requirements. It is important to calculate the numerical threshold values of the categories of the technical condition of building structures to eliminate the subjective approach to the assessment of their technical condition.
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Lee, J. H., J. H. Bae, and Young K. Ju. "Preliminary Safety Evaluation Method." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2471.

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<p>The development of the fourth industrial revolution has influenced various industrial fields worldwide. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is expected to be one of the most commercialized areas in the world for the next decade. Since the importance of building safety checks in South Korea is growing, this study focuses on developing a preliminary safety inspection process with UAV, specifically for cracks and deformation. The process includes various methods to improve surveying efficiency, such as thermography, machine learning algorithms, and 3D point cloud modeling. After proposing the inspection process, detailed structural evaluating methods are verified against a conventional method. The image processing method is performed to examine exterior defects, and quantitative defect evaluation methods are applied using 3D point cloud models of buildings. As a result, a crack map, crack depth, and deformations of structures are obtained. Error rates are compared between the proposed method and the conventional method. This paper presents an aerial image-based approach using the UAV for inspecting cracks and deformations of buildings.</p>
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Reports on the topic "Buildings – Defects"

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Bottomlee, James D. Building Leaders' Moral Courage to Defeat the King David Syndrome. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589035.

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Boesten, Jan. Violence and Democracy in Colombia The Conviviality of Citizenship Defects in Colombia’s Nation-State. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/boesten.2021.33.

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This essay aims to utilize the concept of conviviality for connecting the coexistence of seemingly contradictory phenomena in Colombia. It argues that while conviviality implies a normative content – a society in which members do not slaughter each other is better than one in which members resort to violence – the meekness of that normative claim suggests that it is better used as an analytical tool that seeks to connect the contradictions that coexist in the real lifeworld. Colombia’s history of violence and democracy is such a contradictory case. Comparativists have situated Colombia’s deficits on the “extra-institutional playing field”, lamenting that it is a “besieged” or “threatened democracy”. Conviviality helps us to specify these “extra-institutional” defects by suggesting impediments exogenous and endogenous to the state-building logic of the Colombian nation-state.
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