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Kelecsényi, Kristóf Zoltán, and Ágnes Gyetvainé Balogh. "On-site Architects' Offices in Major Construction Projects of Budapest in the Second Half of the 19th Century." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 50, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.13256.
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During the 19th century, the most renowned architects considered a permanent presence on the site of their larger construction projects necessary. Some of them even maintained several on-site offices close to their construction sites, where architects and designers were contracted for the duration of the construction. This study presents two on-site offices in detail (office of the Palace of Justice and the Parliament Building) while outlining a further four examples in Budapest (office of the Parish Church of Lipótváros, the Ministry of Agriculture, the enlargement of the Royal Palace and the Technical University).There were three practices used to settle these offices: I. using an older building, before its demolition, near the site; II. in a temporary building set up for this purpose; III. in rented rooms in the surrounding buildings. Examples for the use of existing buildings are the building of the Palace of Justice (A. Hauszmann), the extension of the Royal Palace (A. Hauszmann) and the building of the campus of the Royal Joseph University (A. Hauszmann, Gy. Czigler, S. Pecz). St. Stephen's Basilica (M. Ybl), the Parliament (I. Steindl) and the Krisztinaváros wing of the Royal Palace (M. Ybl, A. Hauszmann) are examples where newly constructed buildings were used, and we assume rented apartments as on-site offices in the case of the Opera House (M. Ybl) and the Museum of Applied Arts (Ödön Lechner). The large public building's on-site offices have great significance in architectural history as well as being theoretical and practical workshops.
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Manescu, Radu, Ioan Valentin Sita, and Petru Dobra. "Building Energy Simulation with On-Site Weather Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 859 (December 2016): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.88.
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Energy consumption awareness and reducing consumption are popular topics. Building energy consumption counts for almost a third of the global energy consumption and most of that is used for building heating and cooling. Building energy simulation tools are currently gaining attention and are used for optimizing the design for new and existing buildings. For O&M phase in existing buildings, the multiannual average weather data used in the simulation tools is not suitable for evaluating the performance of the building. In this study an existing building was modeled in EnergyPlus. Real on-site weather data was used for the dynamic simulation for the heating energy demand with the aim of comparing the measured energy consumption with the simulated one. The aim is to develop an early fault detection tool for building management.
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Yudin, A. I. "ЖИЛИЩА ВАРФОЛОМЕЕВСКОЙ НЕОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СТОЯНКИ." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 4 (2021): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-4-115-131.
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The article is devoted to the study of the nature of housing construction on the Varfolomeevka site of the Orlovka Neolithic culture of the steppe Volga region. The most complete data were obtained during the excavations of the Varfolomeevka site (late VII-VI thousand BC) on the Maly Uzen river. Later residential buildings overlapped and damaged the earlier ones, but a comparison of the planimography and stratigraphy made it possible to distribute them along chronological horizons and reconstruct the main characteristics of Neolithic buildings. Dwellings are represented by large semi-dugouts with several hearths, utility pits along the walls of the ditches, the location of floors at different levels, and dense building on the site. The dwellings had been functioning for a long time. This is confirmed by long-term foci with ash deposits of more than one meter on both monuments and traces of repair of support pillars at the Varfolomeevka site. It is established that there was a single stable tradition of housing construction at all stages of the Orlovka culture.
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Çelebi, M. "Identification of Site Frequencies from Building Records." Earthquake Spectra 19, no. 1 (February 2003): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1542618.
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A simple procedure to identify site frequencies using earthquake response records from roofs and basements of buildings is presented. For this purpose, data from five different buildings are analyzed using only spectral analyses techniques. Additional data such as free-field records in close proximity to the buildings and site characterization data are also used to estimate site frequencies and thereby to provide convincing evidence and confirmation of the site frequencies inferred from the building records. Furthermore, simple code-formula is used to calculate site frequencies and compare them with the identified site frequencies from records. Results show that the simple procedure is effective in identification of site frequencies and provides relatively reliable estimates of site frequencies when compared with other methods. Therefore the simple procedure for estimating site frequencies using earthquake records can be useful in adding to the database of site frequencies. Such databases can be used to better estimate site frequencies of those sites with similar geological structures.
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Drobiec, Łukasz, Krzysztof Grzyb, and Jakub Zając. "Analysis of Reasons for the Structural Collapse of Historic Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810058.
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Each historic building or cultural heritage site requires proper care at every stage of its life cycle. Appropriate interventions aim to prevent building disasters and preserve invaluable cultural objects from ageing or deterioration processes. This article is a case study of mistakes made in various phases of a building’s life—in the design, execution, and use. The work aims to point out various aspects of the errors made during the building’s restoration. The conducted material research, computational analyses, laboratory tests, and documentation studies comprehensively consider the presented examples. The structural analysis of the buildings consists of its load-bearing capacity and its stability.
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Jenner, Ross. "Production of site and site of production: Herzog & de Meuron's Schaulager and Zumthor's Feldkapelle." Architectural Research Quarterly 20, no. 4 (December 2016): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135517000033.
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This paper seeks to establish a chiasmus between notions of site as something produced and buildings as sites of production. The focus is upon Herzog and De Meuron's Schaulager in Basel, cast from and on the ground of its site, and Peter Zumthor's Bruder Klaus Field Chapel at Wachendorf, cast on local trees in hand-mixed aggregate from the site, trodden in layers by locals. Both buildings involve moulding, where a tangible transposition of site to building is produced by imprint and material transformation.These polarities of site and production, form and matter, trace and transformation are deployed as a heuristic device to unfurl a space for thinking possibilities especially those raised by Gilbert Simondon's distinction between Plato's and Aristotle's concepts of the genesis of things in making- ‘individuation’. The buildings' materials and the mud of the fields, masses worked by hand and foot, take form by not quite taking form; this is the potential of the plastic. The act of making is examined here in imprints and traces through their capacity for signification and, in acts of production, for revealing processes and potentialities remaining after actualisation. Interaction between site and production is found to achieve poetic quality through localisation of materials.
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Boyd, Neville, Malik M. A. Khalfan, and Tayyab Maqsood. "Off-Site Construction of Apartment Buildings." Journal of Architectural Engineering 19, no. 1 (March 2013): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000091.
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Lee, Ho-Young, and Jeong-Duck Yoon. "A Study on allocation of building site in Non-residential buildings." Korean Institute for Aggregate Buildings Law 28 (November 30, 2018): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55029/kabl.2018.28.45.
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Lang, Dominik H., Jochen Schwarz, and Polat Gülkan. "Site-Structure Resonance as a Proxy for Structural Damage." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 1105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3651403.
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Since 1992, the reconnaissance teams of the German Task Force for Earthquakes have undertaken numerous field missions to disaster areas after strong earthquakes worldwide. During these missions, a unique database of damage cases has been collected, which serves as the basis for examining whether site-structure resonance effects contribute to building damage. The selected buildings that partly experienced slight to moderate damage during a recent major event have been experimentally tested in order to identify their structural parameters and to allow a calibration of the structural building models. In addition, instrumental noise recordings were made directly at the building sites to derive the ranges of predominant site periods. By correlating the ranges of predominant site periods with the building's capacity curves, representing the inelastic displacement behavior under lateral effects, a quick survey procedure has been developed to estimate the impact of agreements between periods of the site and the structure contributing to structural earthquake damage.
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Laurini, E., M. Rotilio, M. Lucarelli, and P. De Berardinis. "TECHNOLOGY 4.0 FOR BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT: FROM BUILDING SITE TO THE INTERACTIVE BUILDING BOOK." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-707-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The main result of the research that we intend to illustrate is the connection between the contents of 4.0 Industry (Ciribini 2018), and the information sharing with BIM design (Lucarelli 2018), through the insertion into a single data container (black storage box), of all the sensors inherent to the entire building process, to monitor the building from the early construction phases and obtain a precise history about it. The goal is to create an "As Built" model flanked by the interactive digital building book, capable of an automatic upgrade depending on the variation of the monitored data during the useful life of the building.</p><p>The aim of this project is to exploit the use of IoT (Gabriele 2015), for the data communication to the black box (Smart Monitoring Building Box – SMBBox) installed in the building from the beginning of the construction site, in order to initially monitor the status work progress and safety management on site, and subsequently, thanks to the combination with the BIM model for data management, it will be possible to digitize the physical and functional characteristics of the case study object.</p><p>The methodological approach is based on the following steps: BIM modeling; sensor design and installation and data container; data collected updating; "As Built" model creation; Interactive building Drafting. This method is being carried out on a restricted building located in the historic center of L'Aquila, subject to seismic improvement as a result of the damage caused by the 2009 earthquake.</p>
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Grassi, Sabrina, Maria Serafina Barbano, Claudia Pirrotta, Gabriele Morreale, and Sebastiano Imposa. "Seismic Soil–Structure Interaction of Three Historical Buildings at the University of Catania (Sicily, Italy)." Heritage 5, no. 4 (November 18, 2022): 3562–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040185.
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This study aimed to evaluate the soil–structure interaction of three historical buildings at the University of Catania using ambient noise. The results point out the different oscillation modes of Villa Cerami and Palazzo Boscarino buildings sharing a side. They also show different damping values, which are probably linked to the different rigidities of the structures, since one is a masonry building and the other is a reinforced concrete building without earthquake-resistant design. Villa Zingali Tetto, a reinforced concrete building without earthquake-resistant design, showed significant torsional effects, which may be related to the geometrical and material irregularities of the structure. Comparison of the buildings’ fundamental periods and site frequencies did not show potential soil–structure resonance effects. Modelling of the local seismic response confirms the obtained experimental site frequencies, suggesting that there are no important amplification factors. On the other hand, from both of the computed Spectral and Peak Ground Accelerations for an Mw 7.3 earthquake, intensity values were estimated for which Villa Cerami could suffer heavy structural damage, and Palazzo Boscarino and Villa Zingali Tetto very heavy non-structural damage. Additional engineering investigations, aimed at reducing seismic vulnerability, are necessary to improve the safety of these heritage buildings considering they are also used for educational purposes.
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No, Sangtae, and Chungyeon Won. "Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption between Green Building Certified and Non-Certified Buildings in Korea." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051049.
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Although interest in and the importance of green building certification have increased, it is difficult to determine how much less energy the buildings actually consume after obtaining sustainability related certification, such as LEED in the USA, and G-SEED in Korea. Focusing on building energy evaluation, we compared and analyzed the energy evaluation items of LEED and G-SEED. In addition, from the Korean public data portal site, this study investigated the annual site energy consumption (electricity and gas) per floor area of non-residential buildings that obtained G-SEED certification in Korea. The energy consumption of non-certified general buildings was compared with the energy consumption of certified buildings. As a result of examining 84 samples of this study, non-residential buildings with G-SEED certification showed energy use intensity that was at least (35.5 to 48.9)% lower than that of uncertified buildings.
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Wang, Qinhua, and Buwen Zhang. "Wind-Induced Responses and Wind Loads on a Super High-Rise Building with Various Cross-Sections and High Side Ratio—A Case Study." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020485.
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With the development of construction technology and material, more and more super high-rise buildings will be constructed in the future. In a specific metropolitan area, super high-rise building with various cross-section and high side ratio have to been designed and constructed due to the size limitation of construction site. This kind of building is also very prone to wind excitations. In this research, wind tunnel tests for a practical case of this kind of building with surrounding buildings were carried out in atmospheric boundary wind tunnel. Equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs), wind-induced responses and wind load distribution on the building were analyzed. In particular, the base overturning moment along the axis with weak lateral stiffness were investigated for bearing capacity limit state design of the building. The results demonstrate that the maximum value of wind-induced base overturning moments and acceleration responses appears at 60° or 330° wind directions instead of the orthogonal wind direction, and the aerodynamic interference of surrounding buildings affects the wind pressure distribution on facades of the building. These results and conclusion may be helpful to wind-resistant design of super high-rise buildings with high side ratio.
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Işık, Ercan, İbrahim Baran Karaşin, Alper Demirci, and Aydın Büyüksaraç. "Seismic risk priorities of site and mid-rise RC buildings in Turkey." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2020.04.004.
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Especially, the large-scale loss of life and property caused by the significant earthquakes in recent years has brought the importance of research and measures to be taken on this issue. Determining and analysing the ever-increasing building stock of the cities and detecting and managing all information related to buildings are important in terms of spatial planning and urban transformation. This study aims to determine tectonic characteristics calculating a and b values of Gutenberg- Richter magnitude-frequency relation which forms the basis of earthquake statistics for all cities in Turkey and the reinforced-concrete buildings which are primarily risky in terms of urban transformation. For this purpose, a total of 1620, 5-storey buildings from all provinces of Turkey were assessed. Twenty reinforced concrete buildings from each province were taken into consideration which has 5-stories. The first stage evaluation method specified in the principles regarding the identification of risky buildings issued in 2013 by the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization was used in this study. The performance scores for 1620 buildings were calculated by using this method. A risk priority map was created for the provinces, taking into account for these buildings. The study aims to determine risk priorities of site and mid-rise reinforced-concrete buildings among the cities. The results obtained were interpreted and recommendations were made.
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Ala-Juusela, Mia, Hassam ur Rehman, Mari Hukkalainen, and Francesco Reda. "Positive Energy Building Definition with the Framework, Elements and Challenges of the Concept." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 1, 2021): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196260.
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Buildings account for 36% of the final energy demand and 39% of CO2 emissions worldwide. Targets for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and reducing building related emissions is an important part of the energy policy to reach the Paris agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. While nearly zero energy buildings are the new norm in the EU, the research is advancing towards positive energy buildings, which contribute to the surrounding community by providing emission-free energy. This paper suggests a definition for positive energy building and presents the framework, elements, and challenges of the concept. In a positive energy building, the annual renewable energy production in the building site exceeds the energy demand of the building. This increases two-way interactions with energy grids, requiring a broader approach compared to zero energy buildings. The role of energy flexibility grows when the share of fluctuating renewable energy increases. The presented framework is designed with balancing two important perspectives: technical and user-centric approaches. It can be accommodated to different operational conditions, regulations, and climates. Potential challenges and opportunities are also discussed, such as the present issues in the building’s balancing boundary, electric vehicle integration, and smart readiness indicators.
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Kamchybekov, M., N. Murataliev, and Y. Kamchybekov. "Refinement of the seismicity of construction sites for high-rise buildings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 929, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/929/1/012031.
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Abstract The development of the construction of high-rise residential buildings requires a separate approach, depending on the engineering and geological conditions of the site for seismic microzoning. There are not only engineering sectors but also large premises that will serve as business offices and technical centers in the underground part of high-rise buildings. In this regard, the foundation of the building goes to great depth. The influence of soil conditions at the level of abutment of the buildings’ foundation can be determined with seismic microzoning. As a result, the task of clarifying the projected construction site in construction is currently relevant. It includes the refinement of the seismic intensity of the construction site during the construction of high-rise buildings, which are located in different multilayer soil types.
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Deoda, V. R., and S. Adhikary. "Seismic Response of Monolithic and Precast RC Building for Site-Specific Conditions." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 765–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.579.
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This paper investigates the seismic response of a rigid and flexible RC building by performing nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA). In the present study, the numerical model of a 5-storey monolithic RC (MRC) and 5-storey precast RC (PRC) buildings are developed in SAP2000. The buildings are assumed to be situated in Assam and a real Silchar site from Assam is considered. For the NLTHA, six spectrum compatible time histories (SCTH) are considered. The first set comprises of 3 SCTH matched to the Indian seismic code design spectra (ISCDS) and the second set comprises of 3 SCTH matched to the site-specific elastic response spectra (SSERS). The NLTHA results show that the roof displacement of the MRC building is less as compared to the PRC building for all the considered cases. However, the response for both the structures for SSERS compatible time histories is more significant as compared to the ISCDS compatible time histories. It is interesting to note that when the energy dissipation in the structure is evaluated for ISCDS compatible time histories, the damage in PRC building is negligible as compared to MRC building. Moreover, for SSERS compatible time histories, the damage in both the buildings are comparable. The results show the importance of site-specific study and its response on the structure behavior.
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Alwi, N. M., J.-F. Flor, N. H. Anuar, J. Mohamad, N. N. H. Hanafi, N. H. Muhammad, M. H. K. M. Zain, and M. R. M. Nasir. "Retrofitting measures for climate resilience: Enhancing the solar performance of Malaysian school buildings with passive design concepts." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1102, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1102/1/012014.
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Climate-sensitive school buildings can enhance students’ learning performance and reduce the building’s overall energy consumption. This paper reports on a post-occupancy study of contemporary school buildings in Malaysia, assessing problems of solar heat gain. The research aims to propose retrofitting measures based on passive design principles adapted specifically for the Malaysian tropical climate to strengthen the resilience of local school buildings in a global climate emergency. On-site measurements in two different schools provided the empirical basis for the design modifications. The monitoring procedure included site observations, extended temperature and humidity measurements, and daylight analysis. A virtual classroom model was generated based on the on-site measurements, and a parametric simulation study was conducted to evaluate the proposed retrofit measures’ effectiveness. The model variables were evaluated and compared to identify the passive design elements that significantly impact heat gains and thermal comfort. The results showed that increasing roof overhangs to 1500 mm for additional shading, sensitive selection of roof materials and colours of white-painted zinc roof, and reduction of window-to-wall ratio by 30% to the operable windows helps to reduce solar gains by 6% to improve comfort conditions within the classrooms. Overall, the study provided evidence of how passive solar building design would benefit the climate resilience of Malaysian schools.
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Villot, Michel, Benjamin Trevisan, Loïc Grau, and Philippe Jean. "Indirect Methods for Evaluating the In-Situ Performance of Building Base Isolation." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919343.
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Mitigation measures against railway vibration in buildings include elastomeric mounts or springs inserted between building foundations and upper-structures. This paper aims at evaluating on site the field performance of such building base isolation. Two performance indicators are defined and used, both expressed as insertion gain: a Power Flow insertion Gain (PFIG) based on the power transmitted to the building upper-structure, and a Building Insertion Gain Indicator (BIGI) based on the building floor velocities. The paper shows that both indicators can be used to evaluate the field performance of base-isolated buildings: the PFIG can be indirectly obtained from local measurements of the isolator transmissibility and some knowledge of the mobility magnitudes of the building structures in contact and the BIGI indirectly obtained from measurements of the treated building transmissibility (as defined in ISO/TS 14837-31) and some knowledge of the transmissibility of similar but untreated buildings. The methods are successfully validated using a numerical model of a 2D ground-building configuration easy to calculate and assumed realistic enough. The paper ends with a discussion on the practicality of obtaining these performances on- site in real buildings.
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USTINOVICHIUS, Leonas, Aurelija PECKIENĖ, and Vladimir POPOV. "A model for spatial planning of site and building using BIM methodology." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 2 (November 21, 2016): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1247748.
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In this day and age, as information technology develops at an intense pace, the construction sector cannot afford to fall behind. The term “building information modelling”, or BIM, is now used increasingly more frequently. BIM covers the entire life span of a building – from planning to demolition. However, it should not be forgotten, that without a site, there can be no building. Territorial planning documents establish certain requirements for both the site itself and the buildings to be built within its boundaries. At present, territorial planning and building design are, for the most part, carried out as separate processes. In order to develop a more rational and effective process for the execution of a construction project, more attention should be paid to the stage of initial site and building planning (spatial planning). The requirements established by territorial planning documents must be taken into account at the initial site and building planning stage. A spatial planning model for buildings associated with a territorial planning system was developed as part of this study and could be used as a basis for further building information modelling.
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Abanda, F. H., J. H. M. Tah, and F. K. T. Cheung. "BIM in off-site manufacturing for buildings." Journal of Building Engineering 14 (November 2017): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.10.002.
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Olanrewaju, Abdul Lateef, and Alice Hui Jing Lee. "Investigation of the poor-quality practices on building construction sites in Malaysia." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 2583–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2022-0008.
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Abstract Poor quality occurs in >80% of building projects. They can increase the cost of a building by up to 50% and can delay a project by up to 50%. This research investigated the determinants of poor quality on building on-sites. The research developed a questionnaire instrument that included 20 determinants of poor-quality buildings on construction sites based on literature and site visits. The survey forms were administered to construction sites operatives through hand delivery. A total of 80% of the respondents measured that the poor quality of buildings was caused by the 20 determinants. Poor workmanship, non-compliance with requirements/standards, inadequate site management, failure to achieve high-quality standards, and poor-quality materials/components were the major determinants of the poor quality of buildings during construction. This research provides fresh information on the causes and impact of poor quality on the performance of the building sector.
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Bonora, A., K. Fabbri, and M. Pretelli. "ENVIRONMENTAL MICROCLIMATE MANAGEMENT AND RISK IN THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE OF VILLA BARBARO MASER (ITALY)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-269-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Indoor environment in heritage buildings can be cause of damage for architecture and artefacts which depend on several physical and chemical parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, volatile organic compounds, etc. How is it possible to evaluate their damage, or the risk of damages? How “aggressive” is indoor microclimate? The scientific literature proposes several different criteria for the evaluation of the risk of damages, especially in the field of museums, while there are few studies which take into consideration historic buildings. In this paper we propose an index – the Heritage indoor Microclimate Risk (HMR) – that allows to define the risk concerning the whole environment and not only the artefacts. Moreover, we propose its application to a real case study of a UNESCO Heritage World Site, obtained through indoor microclimate on-site monitoring and building simulation. The case study reported is Villa Barbaro, built in Maser (1554–1560) by the architect Andrea Palladio and registered in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list since 1996, as Palladian Villa of Veneto. The research is structured as follows: monitoring campaign of the microclimatic parameters; virtual modelling of Villa Barbaro and its validation (by comparing the simulated data and the monitored ones); construction of scenarios which can aid to guarantee the historic building’s conservation and the occupants’ comfort; definition of HMR. The innovative aspect of the proposed methodology is the use of a virtual building model of heritage buildings, to determine, through a single index, the degree of risk and the level of indoor microclimate aggression.</p>
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Singh, Neha. "Case Study Retrofitting an Existing Building for Griha Green Building Certification." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45062.
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Abstract: The infrastructure business in India is rapidly increasing. Infrastructure is the most major hindrance to the growth of Indian businesses in India. Existing buildings account for 45 percent of worldwide energy use in the current condition. These constructions' greenhouse gas emissions are mostly to blame for global warming, acid rain, and other environmental difficulties. We can reduce our dependency on limited natural resources like power, water, and materials which use in building while simultaneously enhancing our contribution to environmental quality by incorporating green building themes into the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings, and restoration of our houses. It is a common misconception that only new buildings can be certified as green building, however this is not true. Existing buildings may be made certified green by taking certain step. With each existing building's effort in adopting the existing green building strategies, an enormous effect in combating global warming will be anticipated in return. GRIHA provides green building certification at various levels. There are several ways for meeting these objectives with the cooperation of humans and the use of modern technology and procedures. In retrofitting existing building for GRIHA certification, aspects like site availability, energy efficiency, water efficiency, renewable energy, natural lighting are taken into account. The present paper presents the retrofitting required to transform an existing building to a certified green building with ease and cost effectiveness.
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Heidebrecht, A. C., and A. Rutenberg. "On the dynamic foundation factor for the National Building Code of Canada: low to medium rise buildings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-036.
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Site-specific seismic response factors for low-period building structures are presented as an alternative to the recently proposed foundation factor F* for inclusion in the seismic provision of the National Building Code of Canada. These factors are not explicit functions of the site vibration period, and, therefore, are more suitable for the design of small to medium rise buildings for which only limited site investigations are routinely carried out. Key words: earthquake engineering, design spectra, site-specific, building codes.
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Bridges, K., J. Coleman, R. Collins, J. Dasari, G. Holt, C. Metelko, A. Morgan, et al. "Cosmic muon tomography at the Wylfa reactor site utilising an anti-neutrino detector." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): P02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/p02024.
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Abstract An anti-neutrino detector (a prototype of VIDARR) was deployed at the Wylfa Magnox nuclear power station between 2014 and 2016. It was comprised of extruded plastic scintillating bars measuring 4 cm by 1 cm by 152 cm and utilised wavelength shifting fibres (WLS) and Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) to detect and quantify radiation. During deployment, the detector recorded cosmic muon events in accidental coincidence along with the anti-neutrino events. The cosmic muons produced in the upper atmosphere had their paths obscured by the power plant buildings as the cosmic muons originated behind the buildings. Cosmic muons have a significantly higher probability to be attenuated and/or absorbed by denser objects and so one-sided muographic methods were utilised to image the reactor site buildings. In order to achieve clear building outlines a control data set was taken at the University of Liverpool from 2016 to 2018 which had minimal occlusion of the cosmic muon flux by dense objects. By taking the ratio of these two data sets and using GEANT4 simulations it is possible to perform a one-sided cosmic muon tomography analysis. This analysis can be used to discern specific buildings, building heights, and features at the Wylfa reactor site including the reactor core/reactor core shielding using cosmic-ray events equivalent to that which would be seen in ∼ 3 hours of normal operation. This result demonstrates the feasibility of using cosmic muon analysis to determine a segmented detector's location with respect to surrounding buildings, assisted by aerial photography or satellite imagery.
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Hafner, Annette, Simon Slabik, and Michael Storck. "Urban Site Development as Temporal Carbon Storage—A Case Study in Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 5827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145827.
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Increasing the use of sustainably sourced wood in construction for temporal carbon storage could be one vital part in the transition towards reaching the sustainable development goals for climate action and sustainable cities and communities. This paper explains the detailed steps from the planning to the realization process and shows how building with wood could be linked to the entire process from the sales of building plots to the realization of projects. Additionally, based on EN 15978, life cycle assessment (LCA) results of the constructed buildings were conducted to calculate the realistic carbon storage and the global warming potential for all new erected buildings on the site. The case study area and living lab is a building site in Munich with 566 flats, which will be finished in 2020 and will be the largest urban timber neighborhood in Germany by then. All development activities are summarized under the concept of building an eco-city with low carbon emissions and a high standard for living for all groups of inhabitants. Eight buildings with different material selections ranging from wood-constructions to wood-concrete hybrid constructions and concrete constructions with different energy standards are environmentally assessed. Results show that about 12.5 million kg of CO2 are stored in the wooden structures over the estimated life cycle of 50 years within this neighborhood. This clearly demonstrates the potential that building with wood has for achieving climate targets. Further results show that heating energy demand and material choices have a significant influence on LCA results.
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Meshram, Vilas G., and Ajay L. Dandge. "A Study of Local Site Effects on Seismic Design of Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1742.
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In present work, first the multi-storeyed building was analysing taking medium site condition in zone II. Sa/g and Base shear for that building was calculated from IS 1893:2002 (Part 1).After that site specific ground response analysis is carried out for Amravati and Nagpur region soil sites. For development of site specific response spectrum ProSHAKE software is used ProSHAKE is based on one dimensional geotechnical site response model. Site response study is usually carried out using the geotechnical data or Geophysical data (shear wave velocity). Basic aim of present work is to study local site effects on seismic analysis of multi-storeyed Buildings, for this purpose local soil conditions are considered. In the present work various local sites in Amravati and Nagpur region are studied.
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Mykhailovska, Olena, and Tetiana Nesterenko. "Dynamic activity of military transportation investigation at the construction site." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 52 (July 5, 2019): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.52.1690.
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In the paper it is confirmed that any theoretical data inferior to precisely measured data due to the impossibility ofconsidering all the factors influencing on the oscillation process. The fluctuations magnitude of a non-residential building inPoltava and the dynamic influence on the building structure and the people who can be there periodically are experimentallyinvestigated. To evaluate the vibration impact, it is necessary to compare measured data with the permissible level ofvibration in public buildings. The recommendations for the further building exploitation are based on the building structuresvibration acceleration measurements results.
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Narayan, Jay Prakash, Prerna Singh, and Simran Verma. "Quantification of role of impedance contrast in site-city-interaction effects on the responses of buildings and basin." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 50, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/congeo.2020.50.1.7.
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This paper presents the role of impedance contrast (IC) at the base of 2D deep elliptical basin (shape-ratio > 0.25) in the site-city-interaction (SCI) effects on both the SH- and SV-wave responses of buildings and basin. The obtained SCI effects in the form of reduction of fundamental frequencies of building (F02DSB) and basin (F02DB), corresponding amplification and splitting of the bandwidth of fundamental mode of vibrations of both the building and basin corroborates with the findings in the past SCI studies. The F02DB of basin and F02DSB of building are unaffected by an increase of IC during site-city-interaction, even though, there is an increase of F02DB of basin with an increase of IC in the absence of city. A drastic increase of SCI effects on the basin response but only minor increase of SCI effects on the building response with an increase of IC is observed for both the polarizations of the S-wave. However, the rate of increase of SCI effects with IC is more in the case of SV-wave responses of buildings and basin. The obtained larger % reduction of F02DB and corresponding amplification in the case of SH-wave responses as compared to those in the case of SV-wave responses may be due to the larger height of B16-buildings compared to B12-buildings used in the SV-wave simulations or due to the buildings behaving as a shear beam for the SH-wave or may be due to both.
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Sun, Yanhui, Jun Wang, Jeremy Wu, Weixiang Shi, Dazhi Ji, Xiangyu Wang, and Xianzhong Zhao. "Constraints Hindering the Development of High-Rise Modular Buildings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207159.
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Off-site construction has been increasingly employed due to its advantages, for instance, improved quality control, reduced skills labour, faster construction time, decreased material wastage and safe working environment. As the most cutting-edge off-site construction, modular buildings have been utilised for residential building, student accommodation, and hotel projects. However, because of existing and underlying constraints, the adoption of modular buildings is still relatively low. To reveal factors hindering the development of high-rise modular buildings, a comprehensive literature review, coupled with a focus group study, were conducted. A questionnaire survey inquiring about all stakeholders was implemented to quantify constraints. The results were further examined according to a real-life case study. This paper manifested that “Lack of coordination and communication among stakeholders”, “Higher cost”, “Lack of government support”, “Lack of experience and expertise”, “Lack of building codes and standards”, “Poor supply chain integration”, and “Complexity of connection” are the top barriers curbing the uptake of modular buildings. The findings should provide a valuable reference for stakeholders adopting modular buildings, whilst mitigating risks amid modular construction. Future research is expected to exploit building information modelling and design for manufacture and assembly to alleviate these existing constraints and promote the performance of modular construction as well.
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Jumabekova, Ainagul, and Julien Berger. "Optimal Experiment Design for the estimation of building wall material thermal properties." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2444, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2444/1/012007.
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Abstract The estimation of wall thermal properties through an inverse problem procedure enables to increase the reliability of the model predictions for building energy efficiency. Nevertheless, it requires to define an experimental campaign to obtain on-site observations for existing buildings. The design of experiments enables to search for the optimal measurement plan that ensure the highest precision of the parameter estimation. For on-site measurement in buildings, it seeks an answer to several questions such as number and position of sensors, period and duration of the experimental campaign. In this article, the Optimal Experiment Design (OED) methodology is applied for a multi-layer building wall to resolve the aforementioned issues.
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Ni, Chun, Shiling Pei, John W. van de Lindt, Steven Kuan, and Marjan Popovski. "Nonlinear Time-History Analysis of a Six-Story Wood Platform Frame Buildings in Vancouver, British Columbia." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 2 (May 2012): 621–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000015.
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In 2009, the British Columbia Building Code was amended to increase the allowable height of wood-frame residential buildings to six stories from four stories. This paper presents the details of a numerical study undertaken to understand the seismic performance of six-story wood-frame buildings designed in accordance with the 2006 British Columbia Building Code. To investigate the seismic behavior, a four-story building was used to represent the benchmark seismic performance prior to the amendment. Two independent analyses using computer programs DRAIN-3DX and SAPWood were carried out on representative buildings located in the city of Vancouver, BC, using a suite of 20 earthquake records scaled to the design seismic hazard level for the site. The analyses showed that six-story wood-frame buildings had similar performance to four-story wood-frame buildings.
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Zekas, Vygantas, and Vytautas Martinaitis. "Assessment of Exergy for Renewable Energy Disposable in the Site of Building." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 6, no. -1 (January 1, 2011): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-011-0021-3.
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Assessment of Exergy for Renewable Energy Disposable in the Site of Building Future energy challenges to construct near zero energy buildings and to have a centralized network together with integrated distributed generation from local disposable renewable energy (LdRe) raises new goals of a complex approach to energy supply. In the context of the current scientific sector, a single comprehensive approach to the general LdRe is missing. Following the typical way, all buildings are planned or designed in light of the energy needs of the intended activities in the buildings and only after the determination of these activities are the points and forms of energy supply planned. This article presents another approach in the planning process - a building and its energy needs planning taking into account the LdRe. It also provides the universal system describing the quantity and quality of LdRe. This research includes LdRe flows' assessment, with the building, as LdRe energy user flows linking to the user only as a potential user of this energy. The exergy analysis method is used to determine the LdRe indicator. Actually determined main renewable energy (RE) flow' (solar, wind, soil and air) values are used for the calculations. Standard 1 ha land plot area and set volumes above the land surface and beneath it are analyzed. After determination of disposable RE flows exergy quantity of the exergy change in the period of half year, one typical month and day is depicted.
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Huo, Xiaosen, Ann Tit Wan Yu, Wu Zezhou, and Wadu Mesthrige Jayantha. "Site planning and design of green residential building projects: case studies in China." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 525–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-11-2018-0509.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present site planning and design (SPD) relevant variables and items in practice for practitioners to better understand and implement SPD in green building projects. Design/methodology/approach The research methods include questionnaire survey and case studies in the context of China. A questionnaire survey was adopted to identify the importance of 13 variables and the corresponding 38 items in SPD of green residential buildings. Three green residential projects including one in Hong Kong and two in Mainland China were selected to investigate the SPD considerations in practice and to discuss the necessary improvement. Findings The results show that 12 out of the 13 variables of SPD in green buildings are involved in the three case projects to some extent, thereby underscore the importance of these variables. The potential improvement in real-life SPD of green buildings is also discussed such as adopting design-build and integrated project delivery methods and preserving and protecting cultural characteristics on site. Originality/value The research findings may serve as a reference for practitioners to better conduct SPD in green building projects.
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Weng, Xiangzhe, Ryan D. Hoult, and Elisa Lumantarna. "Site-Specific Seismic Analysis of Buildings Supported by Lightly Reinforced Precast Concrete Walls." CivilEng 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 270–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng4010016.
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This paper aims to show the application of site-specific response spectra in the analysis of buildings that are supported by lightly reinforced precast concrete walls. Previous surveys on load-bearing precast reinforced concrete walls in multi-storey buildings in low-to-moderate seismic regions have found that many existing precast walls are lightly reinforced with a connection reinforcement ratio less than the wall reinforcement ratio. When these precast walls are subjected to reversed cyclic loads, the lateral response is typically controlled by rocking and the ultimate performance is governed by the ruptures of connection dowels. This paper uses moment–curvature analyses in combination with plastic hinge analyses to evaluate the force–displacement capacity of planar lightly reinforced load-bearing precast walls. The seismic performance of a building supported by these lightly reinforced precast walls can then be assessed by superimposing the capacity curve and the inelastic site-specific response spectra developed for the building site. The proposed analytical approach is illustrated through a case study building. By comparing a lightly reinforced precast wall with a comparable limited ductile reinforced concrete wall, it is also found that, although these two walls exhibit similar force capacities, the ultimate displacement capacity of the lightly reinforced precast wall is significantly lower. This finding highlights the potential seismic vulnerability of lightly reinforced precast walls in some existing buildings.
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Cheris, Rika, Imbardi Imbardi, and Lalu Muhammad Ivan. "Elemen Arsitektur Pembentuk Karakter Bangunan pada Tapak Warisan Dunia Kota Sawahlunto Sumatera Barat, Indonesia." ARSITEKTURA 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v19i1.47961.
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<em>The mining industrial city of Sawahlunto has been designated as a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO in 2019. The designation of this building has been through a study of its form, function, ownership and area. However, urban development will still occur. This is of course caused by several factors. Changes in the city, the design and function of these buildings need to be controlled to keep cultural heritage buildings from being lost. For this reason, research is needed to determine the character-forming elements of cultural heritage buildings in Sawahlunto City. This will be very useful for the Government to make guidelines for the restoration of cultural heritage buildings. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with the UNESCO attribute building sample method that will be selected in each area. For this initial stage, the sample to be taken is in the core area (Map of Land Ownership Area A, Sawahlunto Mining and company town: A5 company town, Nominated Property) in the Ombilin Sawahlunto mining world heritage site, West Sumatra. The sample will become a guideline for similar buildings, then will become a reference for any conservation</em>
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Hoult, Ryan, Helen Goldsworthy, and Elisa Lumantarna. "Fragility Functions for RC Shear Wall Buildings in Australia." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 1 (February 2019): 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120717eqs251m.
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This research investigates the development of analytical fragility functions for reinforced concrete shear wall buildings in Australia. A building stock for the city of Melbourne is used in conducting an assessment of these types of structures. The assessment uses the best information available for selecting the building parameters applicable to the low-to-moderate seismic region, site soil class, expected earthquake ground motions, and site response. The capacity spectrum method is used to derive vulnerability functions for low-, mid-, and high-rise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings. Although there is a paucity of earthquake damage data available in Australia, some comparisons are made using the results from the fragility functions derived here to the damage data from the Newcastle earthquake in 1989.
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Luo, L. L., Z. T. Xie, T. Wu, Y. W. Wang, C. B. Xiao, and C. J. Ling. "The Structural Analysis of the Historical Constructions of West China Campus-Sichuan University." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1219.
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A group of buildings in West China Campus-Sichuan University (The Atherton Building for Biology and preventive Medicine, The Lamont Library and Harvard-Yenching Museum, and The Whiting Memorial Administration Building) featured both in Chinese and Western styles were built by five western churches together in 1910, under the name of “Private West China United University”. To protect the buildings, the authors tested the strength of materials taken from the buildings and inspected the buildings in site to evaluate the structure of the historical constructions. The authors suggested protective measures which were adopted in the rehabilitation to the buildings and evaluated the repair effect by the method of Field Vibration Test. Through the test, inspection, analysis and evaluation of the buildings, lots of information data of historical constructions have been accumulated.
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Driver, W. David. "An Early Classic Colonnaded Building at the Maya Site of Blue Creek, Belize." Latin American Antiquity 13, no. 1 (March 2002): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971741.
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Investigations of the civic architecture at the Lowland Maya site of Blue Creek, Belize, have documented an Early Classic building with a colonnaded superstructure. Although one of only six such buildings reported from the Maya Lowlands, this architectural form appears to be a variant of a more common type of colonnaded building. An examination of such structures from a site-planning perspective indicates that columns may have been used by the Maya to create buildings that were conducive to movement, and for the conduct and/or viewing of public activities. The present study refutes the commonly held assumption that the use of columns in Maya architecture was limited in both spatial and temporal distribution, and instead shows them to have been widely distributed throughout the Maya Lowlands by the middle of the Classic Period.
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Idarraga, Maria A., Juan S. Guerrero, Samantha G. Mosle, Frank Miralles, Anat Galor, and Naresh Kumar. "Relationships Between Short-Term Exposure to an Indoor Environment and Dry Eye (DE) Symptoms." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051316.
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Air composition influences Dry Eye (DE) symptoms as demonstrated by studies that have linked the outdoor environment to DE. However, there is insufficient data on the effect of short-term exposure to indoor environments on DE symptoms. We conducted a prospective experimental research, in which an older building served as an experimental site, and a newer building served as the control site. Indoor air quality was monitored in both buildings. One-hundred-and-ninety-four randomly selected individuals were interviewed in the afternoon exiting the buildings and de-identified responses were recorded. Self-reported DE symptoms were modeled with respect to experimental and control buildings, adjusting for potential confounders. The experimental site had 2-fold higher concentration of airborne particulate matter (24,436 vs. 12,213 ≥ 0.5 µm/ft3) and microbial colonies (1066 vs. 400/m3), as compared to the control building. DE symptoms were reported by 37.5% of individuals exiting the experimental and 28.4% exiting the control building. In the univariate analysis, subjects exiting the experimental building were 2.21× more likely to report worsening of DE symptoms since morning compared to the control building (p < 0.05). When adjusting for confounders, including a history of eye allergy, subjects from the experimental building were 13.3× more likely to report worsening of their DE symptoms (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to adverse indoor environmental conditions, specifically air pollution and bioaerosols, has an acutely negative impact on DE symptoms.
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Czajkowska, Agnieszka. "Analysis of causes of structural failures of buildings using TQC tools." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928408002.
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This paper analyses structural failures of buildings over a period of ten years. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of structural failures caused by human mistakes. The analysis was performed according to two criteria: the stage of the building‘s life cycle and the type of works conducted in the area of the building site. The analysis was performed using a quality management tool (histogram and Pareto-Lorenza diagram), which allowed for identification of the causes responsible for the highest number of events. The analysis showed that three causes account for 64,61% of the structural failures that occurred.
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Gong, Ting, Jian Yang, Hao Hu, and Feng Xu. "Construction Technology of Off-Site Precast Concrete Buildings." Frontiers of Engineering Management 2, no. 2 (2015): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-fem-2015039.
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Kalra, Ishan, Michael Boyle, Nilesh Deshpande, and Yohaan Cama. "Nearly zero energy - construction site temporary office buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 072071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/7/072071.
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Won, ChungYeon, SangTae No, and Qamar Alhadidi. "Factors Affecting Energy Performance of Large-Scale Office Buildings: Analysis of Benchmarking Data from New York City and Chicago." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2019): 4783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244783.
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Buildings in high-income, industrialized cities are responsible for more than 50% of global energy consumption; consequently, many developed cities have legislated energy benchmarking and disclosure policies to understand their buildings’ energy-use dynamics better. By utilizing these benchmarking data and additional information taken from 3D models, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of large-scale office buildings located in New York and Chicago, with respect to their energy use intensity (EUI). To identify the primary factors affecting the EUI, Spearman’s correlation analysis and multiple variate regression tests were performed on office buildings over 500,000 ft2 (46,452 m2) gross floor area. The results showed the number of floors, construction year, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and source-to-site ratio statistically significant, while morphological factors such as the relative compactness and surface-to-volume ratio showed limited relation to EUI. In New York City, the smallest EUI median was found in the buildings with 20 to 30 floors, and in Chicago, the buildings with 60 floors or more. A higher source-to-site ratio generally had lower overall EUI in both cities. Despite the high correlation, different kinds of dependency were found for window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and construction year between NYC and Chicago. These findings highlight the relative role that each building’s characteristics play concerning the EUI, depending on the particular building’s typology, scale, and the urban context.
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Wan Ismail, Wan Hashimah. "Sustainability of Buildings in Historic City of Malacca." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 7 (March 15, 2018): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i7.269.
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The paper discusses the sustainability of the buildings on the western side of the Historic City of Malacca with the help of the implementation of conservation policies. It covers the historical background, the role of the local government and the responses of the local residents. The methodology includes site observation, building study, literature review and interview. The findings of the research suggest that the buildings within the area are well sustained but some local residents gave negative responses. Some strategies are needed to ensure the continuous use and sustainability of the buildings.
Keywords: sustainable, resident, historic building
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Ko, J. M., S. T. Luk, and C. Y. Cheng. "Pile-driving Induced Vibration and its Transmission to Buildings." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 11, no. 3 (September 1992): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239201100302.
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The paper reports a case study of pile-driving induced vibration and its transmission to buildings which was carried out in the construction site of the Phase IV development of the Hong Kong Polytechnic. Ground vibration caused by driving prestressed concrete tubular piles using a diesel hammer in the. reclaimed site are measured and analysed. Vibrations transmitted from the driving source to a concrete pavement, a two-storey building with shallow foundation and an eight-storey building with deep foundation are also measured and analysed The results are discussed and compared with those given by other researchers.
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Međugorac, Mile. "Realisation of 3Smart Project at Ephzhb Business Building Site in Tomislavgrad." B&H Electrical Engineering 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2020-0015.
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Abstract Efficient use of energy is important in achieving sustainable development. In 2007, European Union set now well-known targets (20-20-20) for 2020 regarding greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption share obtained from renewable energy sources and more efficient use of energy. These goals were groundbreaking at the time. They set a clear sense of direction, which drove investment in infrastructure, and research and innovation. It was a concept that has now been followed by countries all over the world. In 2019, European Union set even more challenging goals for 2030. An important role in achieving energy efficiency goal have building energy management systems, because consumption of commercial and residential buildings has more than 30% of final energy consumption amount. That is why efficient and intelligent energy management in the buildings can have considerable benefits. 3Smart project is an international project, which links renewable energy sources and energy efficiency with biggest achievement in applications, which manage energy flows in a building in interaction with electrical distribution network. The expected impact is clean and efficient way of energy usage with lower costs.
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Ruan, Ying Jun, Qing Rong Liu, and Wei Guo Zhou. "Feasibility Study on Combined Heat and Power with Different Distributed Generation Technologies for Various Commercial Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.664.
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This paper has examined the energy consumption characteristics for six different buildings including apartments, offices, commercial buildings, hospitals, hotels and educational facilities. Then 50000m2 development site for respective building’s type has been assumed as case study to evaluate the introduction effect of Combined Heat and Power (CHP). All kinds of CHP systems with different distributed generation technologies including Gas Turbine (GT), Gas Engine (GE), Diesel Engine (DE), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), have been simulated by using HEATMAP, CHP system analysis software. And their primary energy utilization efficiency, energy saving ratio and CO2 reduction ratio have evaluated and compared respectively. The results can be summarized as follows: various buildings have their special heat to power ratio characteristics. Matching the heat to power ratio demanded from an individual building with that supplied from a CHP system is very important. It is necessary to select a reasonable distributed generation technologies according to the load characteristics of various buildings. Distributed generation technologies with high energy generating efficiency and low heat to power ratio, like SOFC and PEFC is more reasonable selection for Building Combined Heat and Power (BCHP). CHP system is an attractive option for hotels, hospitals and apartments. The users can achieve high energy saving and environmental benefit by introducing a CHP systems. In others buildings, especially like commercial buildings and offices, the introduction of CHP system is unreasonable.
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Li, Fan, Zhi Min Li, and Xiao Min Wang. "Study on Old Construction Renewal of the Rural School Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1730.
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With the construction of the urban-rural integration, Chinese township's structure begins to adjust. The changes of the site layout planning of rural schools bring a large number of vacant rural school buildings. This paper aims to study the possibility and rationality about the rural school building reuse in northwest China. The appropriate retrofitted buildings types are public buildings such as culture building, medical building or welfare building. The construction method is proposed which includes the repair, replacement and increase. Finally, the example that the rural school building transformed into the disabled care center proves the possibility and rationality about the renovation patterns. The use of this kind of renovation patterns will save construction costs, bring economic benefits and a good social effect.