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Tomizawa, Susan A. "Planning our nation's schools : considerations for community and site design." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292542.
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This creative project examines trends in school planning and design at both the community and site levels. At the community level, two trends have shaped many of the decisions made in school planning: consolidating schools into mega-sized schools and placing schools on the periphery of development. These practices contribute to sprawl, urban disinvestment, racial and social segregation, environmental degradation and educational inequality. Alternatives in school planning such as school renovation and schools as community centers, are examined through case studies.At the site level, schools are typically built on acres of land covered by lawn, sports fields and asphalt parking. Research shows that school grounds can serve as valuable educational resources when designed as learning landscapes. A conceptual master plan for Storer Elementary School in Muncie, Indiana illustrates how a bland school landscape can be transformed into an educational resource to improve learning, environmental quality, safety and health.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Holland, Alyssa. "The Reconstruction of Historical Buildings: A Visitor and Historical Site Study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2638.
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The reconstruction of historical buildings has been debated by preservationists, archeologists and historians, both with each other and within their own fields. But no matter how intensely scholars discuss and disagree on the subject, professionals at historic sites still continue to reconstruct historical buildings. The questions surrounding historical reconstruction include: is it ethical to reconstruct historical buildings? Is it worthwhile to reconstruct historical buildings for the benefit of the general public? I surveyed historical site workers from across the country and visitors from Red Hill National Memorial, the last home of Patrick Henry. From the survey, visitors seem to remember where they have seen reconstructions, sometimes what happened to the original buildings and learn about the history and preservation of the historic location. Sites that continue to reconstruct and follow all the preservation laws and regulations and inform the public on why the site reconstructed the building(s) are getting it right.
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Cortez-Flores, Adel M. "Site response of the 2001 Southern Peru earthquake." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2004/a%5Fcortez-flores%5F121004.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, 2004.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 6, 2005). Pages 1-5 appear in duplicate. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-168).
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Khosla, Niti Gautam. "Development of a framework to assist owners in deciding to use sustainable site design practices for institutional buildings." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2007.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University, Construction Management Program, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 12, 2008). Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 284-286).
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Wille, Volker. "Characterization of diffraction and site shielding of buildings in transhorizon radio paths." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261666.
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Cheng, Haofan. "Evaluating the performance of natural ventilation in buildings through simulation and on-site monitoring." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81745.
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Thesis (S.M. in Building Technology)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Vita. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-121).
Natural ventilation in buildings is capable of reducing energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable indoor at the same time. It is important that natural ventilation is taken into consideration in the early design stage, probably through simulation program. However, existing simulation programs are limited because of their model assumption, simulation efficiency and user friendliness. In this document a simulation program, CoolVent, is presented. It implements a multi-node, thermal and energy coupled model to simulate natural ventilation in buildings. The program is validated to be effective and efficient in simulation. Combined with the DOE building database, CoolVent evaluates the performance of different ventilation modes in different types of building and weather conditions. The second half of this thesis includes a detailed on-site monitoring study of a naturally ventilated building in Boston. It details the post-occupancy system characteristics. The monitoring results have also been compared with CoolVent. The simulation results are verified by comparing with the monitored ones. The program is then used to evaluate the potential of improved operation.
by Haofan Cheng.
S.M.in Building Technology
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BRUNELLI, ANDREA. "SEISMIC FRAGILITY CURVES ACCOUNTING FOR SITE AND SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS ON URM BUILDINGS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1093913.
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Significant site-amplification effects have been observed in various historic centers following the recent seismic events in Italy (e.g., L'Aquila 2009, Emilia 2012, Central Italy 2016-17), but also examples of Soil Foundation Structure (SFS) interaction in ordinary unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. In the past, SFS interaction effects were usually considered for masonry buildings only in slender or massive URM monumental structures. Following the latest observed evidence, this research aims to further investigate the role of site amplification and SFS interaction in the seismic response of URM residential structures. The final goal is to provide an effective procedure to consider these effects in large-scale risk assessment as well.
The first part of the research validated the numerical approach to analyze the SFS interaction by reproducing the seismic response of the Visso school affected by the earthquake sequence in central Italy. This school constituted a very emblematic case study, since it was permanently monitored by the Italian Department of Civil Protection and suffered very severe damage, allowing validation even in a highly nonlinear phase.
The procedure is based on the decoupled approach. Therefore, the input motion of the foundation is calculated from the site response analyses and the structural performance is analyzed through a structural model with springs at the base and characterized by equivalent damping. This school's validated procedure and numerical model were exploited to derive fragility curves that include site effects and SFS interaction under different subsurface conditions. The predicted damage probability was also compared with the results obtained from different amplifications of the simplified Code-compliant approach.
Finally, the research was further generalized by considering multiple building types and different soil profiles. The structural types were inspired by the most frequent building types in the municipality of Visso, consisting of aggregate masonry structures.
The set of derived fragility curves was finally applied to an urban scale to develop damage scenarios. In particular, the resulting damage under ground motion of the Central Italy earthquake was compared with that observed and predicted by existing faster and less accurate approaches, to assess the potential of the developed tools also to support possible future large-scale mitigation policies.
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Ozyurt, Gokhan. "Cataloging And Statistical Evaluation Of Common Mistakes In Geotechnical Investigation Reports For Buildings On Shallow Foundations." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615084/index.pdf.
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Information presented in site investigation reports has a strong influence in design, project costs and safety. For this reason, both the quality and the reliability of site investigation reports are important. However in our country, geotechnical engineering is relegated to second place and site investigation studies, especially parcel-basis ground investigation worksdo not receive the attention they deserve. In this study, site investigation reports, that are required for the license of design projects, are examined and the missing/incorrect site investigations, laboratory tests, geotechnical evaluations and geotechnical suggestions that occur in the reports are catalogued. Also, frequency of each mistake is statistically examined
for geotechnical engineers, recommendations and solutions are presented to help them avoid frequent problems.
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Flores, Joaquim António de Moura. "The investigation of energy efficiency measures in traditional buildings in the Oporto World Heritage Site." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2013. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/fb6ed9c7-2872-4700-8aca-aba12aff7e17/1.
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Background The improvement of energy efficiency in buildings is widely promoted as a measure to mitigate climate change through the reduction of CO2 emissions. Thermal regulations worldwide promote it, for both new and existing buildings. Among the existing stock, traditional and historic buildings pose the additional challenge of heritage conservation. Their energy efficiency upgrade raises the risk of provoking negative impacts on their significance. Aims and Methodology This research used an approach based on impact assessment methodologies, defining an inital baseline scenario for both heritage and energy, from which the appropriate improvement solutions were identified and assessed. The measures were dynamically simulated and the results for energy, CO2, cost and comfort compared with the initial scenario, and then being further assessed for their heritage impact to eventually determine the most feasible solutions. To test this method, ten case studies, representative of the identified typological variants, were selected among Oporto’s traditional buildings located in the World Heritage Site. Findings and Conclusions The fieldwork data revealed that the energy consumption of these dwellings was below the European average. Additionally, the households expressed that their home comfort sensation was overall positive. The simulations showed that the introduction of insulation and solar thermal panels were ineffective on these cases in terms of energy, cost and comfort. At the same time, these measures pose a great risk to the buildings’ heritage value. The most efficient solutions were obtained from behavioural changes and DHW retrofit. The study reinforced the idea that traditional buildings performed better than expected and can be retrofitted and updated at a low-cost and with passive solutions. The use of insulation and solar panels should be disregarded.
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Tijani, Bashir. "Development of Value Based Decision Making Tool for the Selection of Offsite Manufacturing of Buildings Versus Traditional Method of Construction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370668.
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The traditional method of construction involves erecting buildings through assembling the bricks, blocks and scaffolders onsite. For many years, this has been the most common method of construction used in the construction industry. The major challenges associated with this traditional method are well documented. They include requiring time extensions; increased construction costs; high worksite accidents, and difficulties around the disposal of construction waste. Against this brief background, Off Site Manufacturing (OSM) appears to be a sound alternative method of construction.
OSM is increasingly considered by researchers and some construction professionals due to its benefits, as evidenced from experiences in a variety of countries. However, despite OSM’s superiority over the traditional method of construction, in terms of time/cost savings, better quality control and enhanced safety performance, its uptake has been slow and rather limited. Reasons behind this slow uptake are varied and have been widely reported. A major reason appears to be the inability of OSM stakeholders (i.e. Clients, Developers, Manufacturers and Designers) to ascertain the short and long-terms Value that OSM will contribute, for a particular construction project, compared to that of the traditional construction method.
To complicate matters further, project stakeholders, as one would expect, perceive the Value aspects of OSM differently. A critical literature review established the presence of a large number of Value aspects: 1) Product Value (e.g. usability, flexibility, etc.); 2) Process Value (e.g. profitability, customer satisfaction, etc.); and 3) Sustainability Value (e.g. life cycle costing, return on investment, waste generation, embodied energy, etc.). It is a certain combination of these Value aspects that may represent the source of motivation for stakeholders’ adoption of OSM.
In a step towards addressing this challenge, this thesis presents a robust approach to assist decision-makers (i.e. project stakeholders) to make an informed decision about whether or not to adopt OSM for a particular construction project. In doing so, the thesis utilises the well-established Analytical Network Process (ANP) for determining Value aspects weightings, where each Value aspect is individually compared to other aspects, and the results are entered in a matrix for evaluation. To provide a user-friendly interface, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming was employed. This programming language is the mechanism behind the functionality of the developed decision-making tool which generates relative weights and ranks, as well as benefit-to-cost ratios for both OSM and traditional method of construction for performing an objective comparison.
In order to confirm the functionality of the developed decision making tool, validation tests were carried out using two hypothetical scenarios. This is to demonstrate that the tool conforms to the aims of the research. The validity criteria were based on the comparison of the manual calculations with the output of the decision making tool. The results from the hypothetical scenarios indicate that the tool functions are both correct and reliable.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Oliveira, Rosa Maria Silva Lopes. "O discurso da cidade-leituras da Avenida Lourenço Peixinho - Aveiro." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade de Aveiro, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29176.
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Sequeira, João Menezes. "A cidade colagem e a cidade evento-contribuições para o estudo do significado dos textos urbanos." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- ISCTE-Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29225.
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Braga, Pedro Bebiano 1962. "Mobiliário urbano de Lisboa-1838-1938." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas -- -Departamento de História da Arte, 1995. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29814.
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Cassell, Susanna D. "Historic site marker identity program for the National Register of Historic Places of Rochester, New York /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11511.
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Toker, Eric Solomon. "An architectural excursus into the site of becoming : Domenico Fontana's Della trasportatione dell'obelisco Vaticano." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0024/MQ50692.pdf.
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Gorin, S. Steven. "Control of the effects of wind, sand, and dust by the citadel walls, in Chan Chan, Peru." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53698.
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Chan Chan, the prehistoric capital of the Chimu culture (ca. A.D. 900 to 1450), is located in the Moche Valley close to the Pacific Ocean on the North Coast of Peru. Its sandy desert environment is dominated by the dry onshore turbulent and gusty winds from the south. The nucleus of this large urban community built of adobe is visually and spatially dominated by 10 monumental rectilinear high walled citadels that were thought to be the domain of the rulers. The form and function of these immense citadels has been an enigma for scholars since their discovery by the Spanish ca. 1535. Previous efforts to explain the citadels and the walls have emphasized the social, political, and economic needs of the culture. The use of the citadels to control the effects of the wind, sand, and dust in the valley had not been previously considered.
Through the use of theoretical constructions and wind tunnel experiments, it is established that the form of the classic variant of the citadel was developed from a longtime interaction between the man—built environment and the natural environment. The Chimu had designed a courtyard system that reduced stress and discomfort from wind, sand, and dust by means of architectural features that included: the rectilinear citadel plan with the long axis parallel to the prevailing winds; the contiguous courtyards with the long axis in common; the high exterior walls; the high interior transverse walls; and the triangular cross section of the walls. It is demonstrated that these features kept out the blowing sand, reduced the wind speeds at pedestrian level, and kept dust, entrained in the airstream by the anthropogenic activity outside the walls, from entering the enclosures. It is also demonstrated that there is a correlation between the degree of protection afforded in a sector of the citadel and the social, political, and economic activities that took place in that sector.PH. D.
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Bakhtiari, Hossein. "Evaluation of Thermal Comfort and Night Ventilation in a Historic Office Building in Nordic Climate." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33941.
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Envelopes with low thermal performance are common characteristics in European historic buildings resulting in insufficient thermal comfort and higher energy use compared to modern buildings. There are different types of applications for the European historic buildings such as historic churches, historic museums, historic theatres, etc. In historic buildings refurbished to offices, it is vital to improve thermal comfort for the staff. Improving thermal comfort should not increase, preferably reduce, energy use in the building. The overall aim in this research is to explore how to improve thermal comfort in historic buildings without increasing, preferably reducing, energy use with the application of non-intrusive methods. This is done in form of a case study in Sweden. Thermal comfort issues in the case study building are determined through a field study. The methods include field measurements with thermal comfort equipment, data logging on BMS, and evaluating the occupant’s perception of a summer and a winter period indoor environment using a standardized questionnaire. According to questionnaire and thermal comfort measurements results, it is revealed that the summer period has the most dissatisfied occupants, while winter thermal comfort is satisfactory – but not exceptionally good. Accordingly, natural heat sinks could be used in form of NV, as a non/intrusive method, in order to improve thermal comfort in the building. For the historic building equipped with mechanical ventilation, NV strategy has the potential to both improve thermal comfort and reduce the total electricity use for cooling (i.e. electricity use in the cooling machine + the electricity use in the ventilation unit’s fans). It could decrease the percentage of exceedance hours in offices by up to 33% and reduce the total electricity use for cooling by up to 40%. The optimal (maximum) NV rate (i.e. the potential of NV strategy) is dependent on the thermal mass capacity of the building, the available NV cooling potential (dependent on the ambient air temperature), COP value of the cooling machine, the SFP model of the fans (low SFP value for high NV rate is optimal), and the offices’ door scheme (open or closed doors).
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Maalej, Jalel. "Emetteurs de chaleur dans les bâtiments : comportement thermique et étude des performances." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5ac4a08f-1c50-49d7-a8d8-3e5a7e32b073.
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Les travaux que nous présentons se structurent autour d'analyses expérimentales du couplage thermique de différents émetteurs de chaleur avec l'ambiance et de la modélisation zonale dynamique d'un émetteur de chaleur particulier en l'occurrence le plafond chauffant. Le but de ces deux approches est de caractériser les performances de différents corps de chauffe des points de vue consommation énergétique et confort thermique. Ainsi, dans un premier chapitre introductif, nous faisons un bref rappel sur l'influence que peut avoir un émetteur de chaleur sur le confort et les déperditions dans un local chauffent. De plus nous faisons un bilan sur les connaissances et les résultats actuels des recherches sur les performances des émetteurs de chaleur. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous décrivons le dispositif expérimental que nous avons utilisé pour nos manipulations. Ensuite, nous présentons les différents essais réalisés (159 essais) ainsi que la méthodologie adoptée pour l'analyse des échanges de chaleur dans la cellule et la comparaison énergétique des différents corps de chauffe. Le troisième chapitre est consacré a la présentation et l'analyse des résultats expérimentaux obtenus à partir des expériences réalisées dans l'enceinte d'essai. Nous avons orienté nos exploitations dans deux directions complémentaires : d'une part la caractérisation du comportement thermique d'un émetteur de chaleur dans un environnement thermique réel, et, d'autre part, l'évaluation de l'efficacité énergétique de différents corps de chauffe. Le nombre et la variété de configurations rencontrées dans la réalité ne permettent pas d'envisager une étude expérimentale exhaustive. Une partie importante de ce travail a consisté à développer et valider un modèle zonal dynamique des échanges thermiques et aérauliques permettant de simuler un local chauffé avec le plafond. C'est l'objet du quatrième et dernier chapitre.
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Ferreira, Carlos Jorge Henriques. "Percepção e codificação do espaço no desenho urbano." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29262.
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Sivilich, Anjanette U. "Wheeler/Portage Nike missile launch site C-47 : historic structure report." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1175435.
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This is a historic structure report for the C-47 Nike missile launch site in Wheeler, Indiana. This report provides a description, condition assessment, and recommendation for restoration of the site since it has sustained damage from weather, fire, and vandals. The site is listed on the State Register and National Register of Historic Places and the Nike Preservation Group desires to turn the site into a Cold War museum and memorial.A history of the Cold War and development of the Nike missile systems and C-47 site provides the background of the project. Each structure and feature is described and the condition recorded. Recommendations for treatment and maintenance are provided. Suggestions are made for a phased restoration of the site to accommodate a Cold War museum. Since it is recommended the site be open to the public, issues regarding public health, safety, security, and handicap accessibility are addressed. This project does not provide a full management and preservation plan, measured HABS/HAER drawings, or a structural analysis.Department of Architecture
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Mikulková, Veronika. "Bydlení na starém Brně - architektonicko urbanistická studie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216056.
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The subject of the Master's Thesis is a site located in Stare Brno district, close to the city centre. It deals with a corner gap-site defined by the streets Pekařská and Anenská. The proposed buildings complete the surrounding streets and they react to neighbouring buildings by their mass and height. The polyfunctional buildings are divided into four objects. On the most prominent place of the corner there is an office building with a café on the ground floor. Three apartment buildings open to the courtyard with greenery by loggias.
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Braat, Sylvie Anne Ingrid. "On sensory experience of historic architecture : an empirical review of sensory perceptions in historic buildings, aiming to inform their conservation process." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2725.
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This thesis studies people’s sensory perceptions of historic architecture, exploring the physical triggers for such experience, and connecting these with what can and should be maintained through building conservation. Sensory design is a developing field in architecture. The research argues that this approach can inform people’s understanding of the architectural experience of historic buildings, which in current discourse are predominantly considered for their associated ‘cultural significances’. People’s affinity to (historic) buildings is initiated by a response through the senses. This research advocates that establishing the triggers for such sensory response should be the main focus of the initial assessment of a building for conservation. From the review of changing approaches to building conservation, and exploration of sensory perception and sensory design, the research concludes people’s experiential perceptions have not been structurally considered in the appraisal of historic buildings. The methodology entailed the empirical development of a suitable assessment format, through performing initial on-site surveys that generated data to be added to those of a final sensory assessment, covering three buildings. Buildings were assessed according to Gibson’s sensory systems of visual, auditory, haptic, olfactory/gustatory and orientational perception, as well as with a comprehensive multisensory focus. Evidence from the data retrieved through this research indicates that the sensory assessment is a useful, informative and exciting addition to any architectural survey in building conservation practice. Such rich information will provide guidance and clarity to decision processes, to assist in retaining the affinity as the building’s physical relevance for the future. The research makes an original contribution to knowledge through the combination of two areas of study; through the application of sensory perception to understand historic buildings; and, in demonstrating that a sensory assessment has true potential as a suitable approach to the issue in practice.
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Lin, Pingying, and 林萍英. "Influence of urban design factors on summertime urban heat island intensity : on-site measurement of pocket parks in high-rise high-density environment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211106.
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Bajanca, Carlos Manuel Cabeças. "A Praça Visconde Serra do Pilar no centro histórico de Santarém-interpretação urbanística." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- ISCTE-Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa -- -Área Científica da Arquitectura, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29149.
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Cardoso, Gracinda Idalina Ferreira. "Organização e planeamento da segurança em laboratórios escolares-(ensino básico e secundário)." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade do Minho -- -Escola de Engenharia -- -Departamento de Produção e Sistemas, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29255.
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Ferreira, Carlos Jorge Henriques. "Percepção e codificação do espaço no desenho urbano." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13260.
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Huser, William A. "Archaeology and socioeconomic evaluation of the William Conner House Site (12H608) : a 19th century rural residence in Hamilton County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845925.
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The purpose of this study was to question the frequent use of field dependenceindependence (FDI) measures in past cross-cultural learning styles research, to illustrate generalizations this research has made about minority groups, and to examine applications of cross-cultural learning styles studies to composition. In the Part I of the study, 101 undergraduates (37 African-American, 47 Anglo-American, and 17 Hispanic) completed Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) (designed to measure FDI) and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI) (an instrument never used in cross-cultural learning styles research). An ANOVA determined a significant difference among mean GEFT scores for ethnicity and gender, results consistent with past research. Results of the LSI, which introduced a new definition of learning styles, however, produced no significant differences among cultural groups. In Part II of this study, six students (one female and one male from each cultural group) volunteered for case studies. The test results and case studies illustrate that past FDI studies have made inaccurate generalizations of minority groups and have ignored individual differences within cultural groups. Further use of Kolb's LSI in future research and in teaching composition is explored.Department of Anthropology
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Chi, Curtis H. "Architecture and site: a field research center for the studies of environmental science, horticulture, landscape architecture, and forestry." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53344.
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The relationship of building to site is the most fundamental aspect in the creation of architecture. As man is a product of nature and his environment the way in which he chooses to after that environment in the process of building reveals not only his attitude towards his physical surroundings, but his purpose and justification for dwelling there. Not all attitudes will be the same, just as purpose will vary from person to person and structure to structure.
Mario Botta has said, “The first step in the architectural act is taking possession of the site. It is a conscious act of transforming a unicum, an awareness that grounds the new intervention in the geography, history, and culture of a particular site. The architecture is the constriction of this site. There can be no indifference toward the site. It is the very territory of architecture as well as the primary condition determining the laws by which one must build.”
Within the scope of my project I hoped to define this awareness within myself, this conscious act of defining and creating architecture against a background that demands the site be recognized as a primary generator of architectural form and attitude.Master of Architecture
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Mullaley, Meredith J. "Rebuilding the Architectural History of the Fort Vancouver Village." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/502.
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In the mid-19th century, the Fort Vancouver employee Village was one of the most diverse settlements on the Pacific Coast. Trappers, tradesmen, and laborers from Europe, North America, and Hawaii worked and lived within a highly stratified colonial social structure. Their homes have been the site of archaeological research for nearly 50 years, but the architectural features and artifacts have received limited attention. Inspired by an 1845 description of the Village that described houses that were "as various in form" as their occupants (Hussey 1957:218), this study examined community-level social relationships in this 19th-century fur trade community through vernacular architecture and landscape. This thesis presents the life histories and layouts of five Village houses. The architectural analysis relied on data from features, square nails, window glass, and bricks. The resulting architectural interpretations were synthesized to explore the larger vernacular landscape of the Village and investigate whether the house styles reflect processes of creolization and community development, or distinction and segregation among the Village residents. The houses all stem from a common French-Canadian architectural tradition, built by the first employees at Fort Vancouver, but the life histories also revealed that the houses were occupied (and repaired) by a second wave of employees at some time during the 1840s. A reminder that Village houses deposits may reflect multiple owners, and should not be conceptualized as the result of a single household. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that nuanced architectural data that can yet be learned from past excavation assemblages when the many nails, bricks, and window glass specimens are reanalyzed using current methods.
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Ferreira, J. M. Simões. "Arquitectura, desenho urbano e tratadística-de Aldo Rossi a Vitrúvio, ou o "Breviário Mediterrânico" da Teoria de Arquitectura e do Desenho Urbano." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- ISCTE-Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29302.
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Silva, Isabel Maria Rodrigues da. "Prédios de rendimento das avenidas de Ressano Garcia 1889-1926-caracterização construtiva." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- IST-Instituto Superior Técnico, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29207.
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Urban, Pontus. "Improvement Strategies in Construction Sites : Development of Rapid Site Assessment for House-building Industry." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72998.
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The construction industry has deteriorated during the past 40 years. Up to 35 % of the production cost is from wastes. The manufacturing industry has had an opposite development, in many cases owing to the contributions of Lean Production and various assessment tools. The assessment tools evaluate manufacturing plants regarding their implementation of Lean, where from improvement strategies can be developed. The goal of the master thesis was to develop an assessment tool that could be used for evaluating Lean construction, which is emerging in the business. The assessment tool is called Rapid Site Assessment (RSA). The foundation of the RSA is the Rapid Plant Assessment (RPA) which is performed by taking a brief plant tour, in a team of expert researchers. 20 polar questions are coupled to eleven categories, evaluated to identify the plants potential and develop an improvement strategy. Five more assessment tools have been combined with the RPA and validated with Lean Construction and Lean references. The master thesis has been exploratory with a deductive approach, where qualitatively data was acquired. The assessment tool based on the literature review was tested at six different house- building sites. Validity has been obtained by triangulation, a reviewing supervisor, and six different site tests. Reliability was guaranteed by distinguishing the line of work with help of an experienced supervisor, meticulous documentation, and regular guidance meetings. The result is the RSA consisting of 32 statements coupled to eleven categories: customer satisfaction; safety, environment, cleanliness and order; visual management; scheduling system; levels of inventory, use of space, and movement of material; teamwork and motivation; Condition and maintenance of equipment and tools; management of complexity and variability; supply chain integration; commitment to quality; commitment to continuous improvements. The six site tests revealed that the house-building industry has development potential. The interviews and the RSA evaluations were generally similar. The analysis showed that the RSA tests grasped the sites but was not sufficiently rich for a complete understanding. The assessment needed to be developed, and additional interviews were added to the assessment tool. The categories were mostly relevant, but interviews needed to be added to decrease biases, though this would include the interpretations of more individuals in the project. Comparing different professions perceptions would increase credibility. This could solve the issue that most data were gathered by communication with few employees on site, and not observations. Further, some statements also suited to many categories and could be broken up. The master thesis was thoroughly planned but some issues needed to be discussed. The thesis was independently performed, and the assessor was inexperienced in plants and construction sites which aggravated the assessments. The issues were solved by experience feedback from the research group and supervisor. Finally, the RPA was considered repetitive, resulting in a repetitive RSA, but this was not considered a problem though the data was analysed differently in the categories. However, the repetitiveness could aggravate performing an efficient report, which could decrease the readers creditability comprehension. In the future the RSA should be developed for different types of construction projects, roadworks and industries etc, and tested by other researchers to increase credibility. The master thesis demonstrated that the RSA could be developed by combining assessment tools, although it could not be performed in a brief tour. By adding interviews, credible improvement strategies can probably be developed from the RSA.
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Robson, William M. "What can the site give to the building and the building to the site?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46176.
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This thesis explores the relationship between the "constructed" (built) environment and the natural environment. What defines such a relationship and can the relationship be formulated? Surely a successful union is much like a marriage whereby one part is better than either of the individual parts. This thesis is an exploration into that relationship. It explores the nature of the built environment through the construction in the natural environment. In addition, it explores the possibility of utilizing a set of guidelines to assist the designer in the creation of such a relationship.
The project type (Retreat Center) itself opens the door to possibilities by carving out the natural environment. It proposes that through careful design considerations a harmony can exist between man's built environs and the earth's natural environment.Master of Architecture
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wang, menglin. "Building Information Modeling (BIM): Site-Building Interoperability Methods." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1026.
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"Nowadays, many companies in the Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry are using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in achieving a faster, sustainable and more economic project. Among the new developed concepts and BIM applications, two of the concepts most frequently used with the support of BIM technology in the planning, organization and scheduling of projects are 4D and 5D in which a 3D model is tied to its time execution (4D) at any point in time and its corresponding cost (5D). However, most of these applications concentrate on modeling the building but it does not include a corresponding modeling of the site in which the building is located. To date, there are few studies and systematic implementation of the site and the building integrated into one BIM model. This site-building integrated model can also be conceptualized as ¡°6D BIM¡± model. The benefit of integrating the site and building together into one model is that the building is no longer treated in isolation of its surround site but incorporates extremely helpful short-term and long-term information for the owner, designer, and builder regarding site topography, landscaping, access roads, ground conditions and the location of site utilities. Major existing research and technology issues that are preventing this site-building integration deal with functionality and interoperability of the BIM software, different orientation and coordination of building model and site model. The objectives of this thesis are to explore current organizational and technological issues preventing this integration, to investigate a feasible method to create a site-linked BIM model, and to discuss the benefits and limitations of bringing BIM concept to the site conditions. The research has been conducted by an extensive review on the literature related to the topic of interest published primarily by AEC. A review on current applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has also been included because of the wider context provided by this technology to the specific topic of this research. Related BIM software developed by three different vendors ¡ªhas been discussed and compared to determine the level of feasibility and operational features of technological support necessary to implement the site-linked BIM model. A case study based on the design and construction of the WPI Recreational & Sports Center, currently under construction, was developed to explore and understand the details that are involved in creating a new site model and to link it with the existing 3D building model. What has been learned from the analysis of this case study is presented, discussed and analyzed in terms of benefits and limitations. Recommendations for future extensions from both the research aspect and the technology support aspect finally presented. These include the creation of 3D BIM Campus Map, which is one site model with several building models placed on it to facilitate future planning of new building and/or maintenance and operation of the current buildings and campus infrastructure. "
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Mourato, Helena Cristina Peixe. "Salvaguarda da imagem urbana de natureza histórica de Évora-a Praça do Giraldo." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade de Évora, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29311.
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Clark, Darin Jay. "Building a school web site." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2200.
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The purpose of this project is to review the literature on the importance of creating school web sites and to show how Dartmouth Middle School can successfully plan an effective site. The project focuses on the significance of having a school web site as a way to add to the communication process between school and parents.
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Garcia, Carla Alexandra Soares. "A praça pública em Portugal no contexto do urbanismo oitocentista." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Lusíada, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29390.
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Morgan, David Charles. "Site layout and construction planning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11627/.
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The current usage of site layout information in construction planning techniques is investigated, and the layout development methods used in other fields such as Architecture and Production engineering are also reviewed. The limitations, applicability and potential of these models is discussed. The layout of a construction site affects the manner in which construction plans are formed. This research is an attempt to isolate the site layout factors which are taken into account in the planning stages of a project. The layout of a construction site may be utilised in the formation of construction plans in two ways. Firstly, the large scale layout of the structures may influence the order in which the structures are built. Secondly, the small scale layout of the work within each individual structure will determine the order in which that work will be carried out. A model has been developed which uses the two types of site layout information for the structure and activity sequencing in the production of construction plans on a micro-computer. The practicality and performance of this model has been tested by comparison of the plans produced with those produced with other planning methods and those produced in industry. The feasibility of the integration of this model with Computer-aided design packages has been discussed with a view to producing construction plans automatically from the contract drawings.
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Peacock, W. S. "Site investigation procedures and risk analysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315198.
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Johansson, Cecilia, and Erik Ring. "Alternative logistic solutions at the building site." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96307.
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The word logistics probably makes most people think of transportation and storage. These activities makes up the core of logistics and therefore it is sometimes referred to as the science of efficient flow of material. Logistics isn’t all about making everything correct. It’s about making everything right. To receive the right products in the correct numbers at the right time means lower storage costs, less costs for intermediate storage and makes it easier for the construction workers to focus on the task at hand. The core of logistics is transportation, storage and inventory control, materials handling and packaging order handling and customer service, forecasting, production planning, purchasing and sourcing. The total cost is an important term in logistics, meaning the sum of all the costs involved from ordering the material until it is actually built in on site. In this paper we have elaborated alternative solutions for logistic problems at the construction site, such as building logistics companies, mover companies, third party logistics, co-loading goods, and just in time. Outsourcing to external logistics companies is getting more and more common. Most of these companies provide simpler solutions to transportation of construction material. When talking about third party logistics one is talking about a logistics company who is hired by a construction company to provide transportation and storage. The material is stored intermediately by the third party logistics company that also can provide several additional services. One of these additional services is co-loading of goods. Different materials is loaded and shipped to arrive at the site at the right time and amount with the same transportation. ”Just in time” is a solution in which material is delivered directly to the construction site at the time they are needed. This will minimize all the problems involving storage of large quantities of material on the building site. All the different solutions have their pros and cons. It can be very hard to know which solution will be the best on a particular construction site. We hope this paper will do as a source of inspiration for NCC Construction region East in their continued work with logistics.Ordet logistik får nog de flesta att tänka på transport och lagring. Dessa aktiviteter utgör kärnan i logistik och därför beskrivs logistik ibland som läran om effektiva materialflöden. Logistik är inte bara att göra saker rätt, utan i ännu högre grad göra rätt saker. Att få rätt mängd av rätt vara vid rätt tidpunkt betyder minskade mellanlagringskostnader, minskade kvalitetsfelkostnader och att byggarna kan koncentrera sig på att bygga. De mest centrala aktiviteterna inom logistiken är transport, lagring och lagerstyrning, materialhantering och packning, orderbehandling och kundserviceaktiviteter, prognostisering, produktionsplanering, inköp och försörjning. Totalkostnad är ett viktigt begrepp inom logistiken, vilket innebär att man ser till alla kostnader. Totalkostnaden för inköp av byggmaterial är de kostnader som uppstår för ett material, från inköp till dess det är inbyggt i konstruktionen. I arbetet beskrivs alternativa lösningar på logistiska problem på byggarbetsplatsen som bygglogistikföretag, bärföretag, tredjepartslogistikföretag, samlastning, och just in time. Anlitandet av externa företag som sköter logistiken på byggarbetsplatsen blir allt vanligare. Merparten av företagen erbjuder enklare lösningar i form av intransport av byggmaterial, hit räknas bärföretagen. Det finns även bygglogistikföretag, dessa erbjuder helhetslösningar innehållande logistikanalys, leveranstidplanering och intransport av material. Med tredjepartslogistik menas att ett logistikföretag tar över och sköter i första hand transport och lager åt ett annat företag. Med detta alternativ mellanlagras material hos tredjepartslogistikföretaget där olika tilläggstjänster kan erbjudas. En av dessa tjänster är samlastning som innebär att olika material som behövs vid ett tillfälle levereras i samma transport. Just in time är ett alternativ som innebär att material levereras direkt in i produktionen vid den tidpunkt det behövs. Just in time är ett bra alternativ för att minska problemen som kan uppstå i samband med lagring av material på byggarbetsplatsen. De olika alternativen har sina för- och nackdelar. Det kan vara svårt i många fall och veta vilket alternativ som är bäst för den enskilda arbetsplatsen. Vi hoppas att arbetet kommer att fungera som en inspirationskälla för NCC Construction region Öst i deras fortsatta logistikarbete.
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Kelly, Harry James IV. "Site Lines: Building in Earth and Sky." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51254.
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At Jones Point in Alexandria, Virginia, it is easy to perceive the movements of the tides, the stars, and the sun, or to point to the markers and structures that dot the peninsula. However, the rules that govern the heavenly bodies and the intended purposes of the earthly constructions are not as readily discerned. Situated here, a marina and sailing school on the banks of the Potomac River finds order in the astronomical rhythm and man-made history of Jones Point, and they structure the significance of the site through building.
This project first aspired to re-imagine the ceiling and the floor as primary architectural elements. The floor and the ceiling became an analogy: The floor is the Earth, the ceiling is the sky. This building orders its site by unifying the diverse elements at Jones Point and allows one to find orientation in the terrestrial as well as the celestial.
It is by building that we put ourselves in relation to the world. We imbue materials and our constructions with significance. In Architecture, it is the construction of our ideals, desires, and wonder -- rendered in material -- that shelters us from the biting cold or the beating sun. We draw our stories in the sky and we build them on the earth.Master of Architecture
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Grant, Tony. "The virtual church building a church web site for York Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Filonowich, Eric. "Building a robust web application." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/EFilonowichPartI2006.pdf.
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Taylor, Jonathan. "An evaluation of site factors in building codes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13121.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1992.Title as it appears in the M.I.T. Graduate List, Feb. 1992: An evaluation of site factors for use in bulding codes.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-163).
by Jonathan Taylor.
M.S.
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Jack, Richard. "Building diagnostics : practical measurement of the fabric thermal performance of houses." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19274.
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This thesis is concerned with measuring the fabric thermal performance of houses. This is important because the evidence shows that predictions of performance, based upon a summation of expected elemental performance, are prone to significant inaccuracy and in-situ performance is invariably worse than expected the so-called performance gap . Accurate knowledge of the thermal performance of houses could cause a shift in the way that houses are built, retrofitted and managed. It would enable quality-assurance of newly-built and retrofitted houses, driving an improvement in the energy performance of the housing stock. The current barrier to achieving these benefits is that existing measurement methods are impractically invasive for use on a mass-scale. The aim of this research is to address this issue by developing non-invasive fabric thermal performance measurement methods for houses. The co-heating test is currently the most used method for measuring whole-house fabric thermal performance; it is used to measure the Heat Loss Coefficient (HLC) of a house, which is a measure of the rate of heat loss with units of Watts per degree Kelvin. It has been used extensively in a research context, but its more widespread use has been limited. This is due to a lack of confidence in the accuracy of its results and the test s invasiveness (the house must be vacant for two weeks during testing, which has so far been limited to the winter months, and testing cannot be carried out in newly-built houses for a period of approximately one year due to the drying out period). To build confidence in the results of co-heating testing, the precision with which test results can be reported was determined by the combination of a sensitivity analysis to quantify measurement errors, and an analysis of the reproducibility of the test. Reproducibility refers to the precision of a measurement when test results are obtained in different locations, with different operators and equipment. The analysis of the reproducibility of the test was based upon a direct comparison of seven co-heating tests carried out by different teams in a single building. This is the first such analysis and therefore provides a uniquely powerful analysis of the co-heating test. The reproducibility and sensitivity analyses showed that, provided best practise data collection and analysis methods are followed, the HLC measured by a co-heating test can be reported with an uncertainty of ± 10%. The sensitivity analysis identified solar heat gains as the largest source of measurement error in co-heating tests. In response, a new approach for co-heating data collection and analysis, called the facade solar gain estimation method, has been developed and successfully demonstrated. This method offers a clear advancement upon existing analysis methods, which were shown to be prone to inaccuracy due to inappropriate statistical assumptions. The facade method allowed co-heating tests to be carried out with accuracy during the summer months, which has not previously been considered feasible. The demonstration of the facade method included a direct comparison against other reported methods for estimating solar gains. The comparison was carried out for co-heating tests undertaken in three buildings, with testing taking place in different seasons (winter, summer, and spring or autumn) in each case. This comparison provides a unique analysis of the ability of the different solar gain estimation methods to return accurate measurements of a house s HLC in a wide variety of weather conditions. Building on these results, a testing method was developed: the Loughborough In-Use Heat Balance (LIUHB). The LIUHB is a non-invasive measurement method, designed and tested in this study, which can measure the HLC of a house with an accuracy of ± 15% while it is occupied and used as normal. Measurements of energy consumption and internal temperature are discreetly collected over a period of three weeks, and combined with data collected at a local weather station to inform an energy balance, from which the HLC is calculated. This low impact monitoring approach removes the barriers to fabric thermal performance testing on a mass scale. The LIUHB has been successfully demonstrated in several comparative trials versus a baseline measurement provided by the co-heating test. The trials have included the application of extreme examples of synthetic occupancy conditions, testing in an occupied house, and quantification of the effects of a retrofit. Subject to further validation, the LIUHB has the potential to deliver many of the benefits associated with mass-scale measurement and quality assurance of housing performance.
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Nicolay, John Alan. "Historic preservation : a study in local public administration /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222007-091336/.
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Kong, Yuen-fan Bonnie. "Museum Street, street Museum-[Museum] of Sheung Wan Heritage Trail." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25954568.
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Chivers, Peter George. "The Tectonics Of Place-Making: Building, Site And Emergence." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24132.
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This thesis responds to the question: is place made or found? At stake is what Jeff Malpas has referred to as “the problem of place”, namely “the tendency to treat place-orientated thinking as inevitably given over to reactionary and exclusionary forms of politics.” If made, the thesis shows, then place tends to the assimilation of things into a web of familiarity, as parts are selected, added and overlaid. The consolidation and reinstatement of the existing urban fabric has become the normative view of place-making, and this exacerbates a view of place-thinking as “reactionary.” But if, as the architect Glenn Murcutt has claimed, “we, in fact, are discoverers” - in other words, if place is found, then to make place is to find and uncover the unfamiliar. As an enquiry into the heuristics of place-making, the thesis claims that place is as much found as made and explores the productive relation of finding and making through genius loci, tectonics, and the relation of building to site. The thesis proceeds with reading of a few key texts, principally by the philosopher Martin Heidegger and the poets Wallace Stevens and Walt Whitman. The Heidegger texts ground the enquiry while the poems (considered classics of the genre of the “shore-ode”) provide illustrative descriptions of place-making. These descriptions are then extended into a discussion of architectural exemplars, which can be read as primers for future work. In recasting place from consolidation and assimilation to sheltering, attentiveness and emergence, the thesis affords an original contribution to questions concerning context, site and tectonics.
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Glemryd, Frida, and Niclas Lekeby. "Effektivisering av ritningshantering med hjälp av programmet DDR - Databas för Detaljer och Ritningar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-126955.
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Att spara tid och resurser är något som är av stor vikt i dagens byggbransch. Ju snabbare ett arbete utförs desto mer pengar tjänar företaget. I detta examensarbete har författarna tittat på effektivisering av ritningshanteringen i olika delar av byggbranschen. Att kunna hitta bland ritningarna på ett enklare sätt och att slippa sortera ut gamla ritningar när nya kommer in, är något som skulle förenkla ritningshanteringen och snabba upp tempot. Författarna har tittat på programmet DDR – Databas för Detaljer och Ritningar, som de anser kan förenkla ritningshanteringen. Under arbetets gång har intervjuer hållits med olika personer inom byggbranschen för att se förbättringsmöjligheter och nyttan av ett sådant program. Resultatet av arbetet visar att programmet DDR skulle göra mest nytta på byggarbets-platser och inom förvaltning då det är inom dessa områden som ritningshantering utförs mest. Programmet DDR kan förkorta tiden det tar att bläddra bland ritningar med uppskattningsvis 25 % enligt de intervjuade på byggarbetsplatserna, vilket skulle kunna innebära en markant skillnad i det dagliga arbetet. Om övergång sker helt till digitala ritningar 1 skulle behovet av att sortera ritningar elimineras och ännu mer tid kan sparas. För att göra så stor skillnad som möjligt på dagens marknad måste de förbättringar som framkommit under intervjuerna utvecklas till programmet DDR. Som det är idag saknas många funktioner vilket gör att konstruktionsföretagen inte vill använda programmet DDR på grund av avsaknaden av möjlighet att lägga in egna detaljer. Förvaltning anser bland annat att flera viktiga mät- och ritfunktioner saknas i programmet DDR för att vilja använda det. Kalkylerare och kommuner ser ingen framtid alls för programmet DDR inom deras verksamhet. Undervisning på högskola och i produktion på byggarbetsplatser anser att bland annat zoomningen och panorering måste göras enklare, trots detta är de intresserade av att använda programmet DDR.Saving time and resources is something that is very important in construction business today. The faster a work can be done the more money a company can make. In this degree project the authors have looked at the process of handling construction drawings in different parts of the construction industry. To be able to find the construction drawings in an easier way and not have to sort out old construction drawings when new arrive is something that may simplify and speed up the process. The authors have looked at the application DDR – Database for Details and Drawings, which they consider could simplify the process of handling construction drawings. During this degree project, interviews have been done with different people in the construction industry to see possibilities of improvement and benefits of the application DDR. The result of the degree project shows that this application would make the most difference on construction sites and within management of buildings since these are the ones that handle construction drawings on a daily basis. Application DDR can shorten the time used for handling of construction drawings by approximately a 25% decrease according to the interviewed at the construction sites; this would make a great difference in the daily work. If they only use digital construction drawings, the needs to sort out old construction drawings when new ones arrived, will be eliminated and more time can be saved. To do as much of a difference as possible on today’s market the improvements that have emerged during the interviews have to be developed to the application DDR. As it is today there are many features that are missing which make that the construction companies won’t use the application due to the lack of possibility to add details on their own. Management of buildings considers that there are several important functions such as measuring and drawing that are missing to use the application DDR. Within calculation engineering and municipalities there is no future for the application DDR. Education at college and in the production of construction sites consider that zooming and panning must be made simpler, despite this they are interested in using the program DDR.
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Blain, Bernard Crawford. "An investigation into the training needs of building site supervisors." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/709.
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