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Wang, Xiaolong. "A Secure Computing Platform for Building Automation Using Microkernel-based Operating Systems." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7589.
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Building Automation System (BAS) is a complex distributed control system that is widely deployed in commercial, residential, industrial buildings for monitoring and controlling mechanical/electrical equipment. Through increasing industrial and technological advances, the control components of BAS are becoming increasingly interconnected. Along with potential benefits, integration also introduces new attack vectors, which tremendous increases safety and security risks in the control system. Historically, BAS lacks security design and relies on physical isolation and "security through obscurity". These methods are unacceptable with the "smart building" technologies. The industry needs to reevaluate the safety and security of the current building automation system, and design a comprehensive solution to provide integrity, reliability, and confidentiality on both system and network levels.
This dissertation focuses on the system level in the effort to provide a reliable computing foundation for the devices and controllers. Leveraged on the preferred security features such as, robust modular design, small privilege code, and formal verifiability of microkernel architecture, this work describes a security enhanced operating system with built-in mandatory access control and a proxy-based communication framework for building automation controllers. This solution ensures policy-enforced communication and isolation between critical applications and non-critical applications in a potentially hostile cyber environment.
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Taboada, Orozco Adrian. "Distributed Knowledge in the Building Management Systems Architecture for Smart Buildings." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCK114.
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L'avenir des villes est en jeu. Au cours des dernières décennies, la répartition de la population s'est considérablement modifiée. Depuis 1980, les modes de cohabitation sont remis en cause par le passage de l'exode rural à l'exode urbain. Les villes abritent désormais 60 % de la population mondiale. Cette concentration massive de personnes, sans anticipation, a entraîné une mauvaise connectivité, des transports inadaptés, une concentration de la pollution, une sécurité inadéquate et un gaspillage énergétique. Par conséquent, assurer la croissance durable des villes nécessite des ruptures technologiques évolutives qui doivent apporter une meilleure qualité de vie sans appauvrir les ressources. La principale préoccupation des villes est la gestion de la question énergétique, notamment dans les bâtiments, qui représentent 40 % d'énergie dans la consommation totale des villes. Cette thèse aborde le domaine émergent du Smart Building. L'objectif principal est de travailler vers le concept de Building Operating Systems (BOS). BOS est un système piloté par les données qui facilite et permet le développement d'applications orientées Bâtiment. Nos études ont identifié que le principal obstacle au développement du BOS est l'intégration des données et le manque de contexte dans un système de gestion du bâtiment (BMS) naturellement et physiquement dispersé. Le BMS est le système sous-jacent qui prend en charge les services dans le bâtiment, et sa compréhension de ses caractéristiques est fondamentale pour atteindre l'objectif principal de cette thèse. Les résultats de cette recherche servent de base pour concevoir l'approche principale appelée WITTYM. Elle vise à créer et diffuser des connaissances sur les bâtiments en tirant parti du Building Information Modeling (BIM) et d'autres sources de données hétérogènes (IoT). L'approche WITTYM est une conjonction d'ontologies, de connaissances et de méthodes de distribution. L'approche WITTYM est évaluée à travers des hypothèses de recherche sur des cas d'utilisation métiers. Les résultats ont montré une optimisation du BMS pour l'intégration des données, les applications, la sécurité et la réponse décisionnelle. Notre travail pose les bases de recherches futures et d'applications de systèmes à plusieurs niveaux dans les bâtiments intelligentsThe future of cities is at stake. Over the previous few decades, the population distribution has shifted substantially. Since 1980, people's ways of cohabiting have been challenged by the change from rural to urban migration. Cities now hold 60 % of the world's population. This massive concentration of people has resulted in poor connectivity, ineffective transportation, pollution, inadequate security, and energy waste. As a result, ensuring the sustainable growth of cities necessitates scalable technological breakthroughs that must give quality of life while maximizing resources. The main concern in cities is dealing with energy waste, especially in buildings, which represent 40 % of energy in the total consumption of cities.Therefore, this thesis addresses the emergent Smart Building field. The main goal is to work toward the concept of Building Operating Systems (BOS). BOS is a data-driven system that facilitates and enables the development of applications. Our studies have identified that the main barrier to BOS development is the integration of data and lack of context in a naturally and physically dispersed Building Management System (BMS). BMS is the underlying system that supports services in Building, and its understanding of its features is fundamental to achieving the main goal of this thesis. Therefore, this thesis first reviews the Smart Building field and then focuses on the BMS architecture. The results of the review serve as the basis for conceiving the main approach of this thesis, which is the WITTYM Approach. It aims to create and distribute buildings' knowledge by leveraging Building Information Modeling (BIM) and other heterogeneous data sources. WITTYM Approach is a conjunction of Ontologies, Knowledge, and Distribution Methods. The WITTYM Approach is evaluated through research hypotheses over use cases. Results have shown an optimization of BMS for data integration, applications, security, and decision-making response. Our work sets the basis for further research and applications on BMS
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Jacobs, Pierre Conrad. "Towards a framework for building security operation centers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017932.
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In this thesis a framework for Security Operation Centers (SOCs) is proposed. It was developed by utilising Systems Engineering best practices, combined with industry-accepted standards and frameworks, such as the TM Forum’s eTOM framework, CoBIT, ITIL, and ISO/IEC 27002:2005. This framework encompasses the design considerations, the operational considerations and the means to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of SOCs. The intent is to provide guidance to consumers on how to compare and measure the capabilities of SOCs provided by disparate service providers, and to provide service providers (internal and external) a framework to use when building and improving their offerings. The importance of providing a consistent, measureable and guaranteed service to customers is becoming more important, as there is an increased focus on holistic management of security. This has in turn resulted in an increased number of both internal and managed service provider solutions. While some frameworks exist for designing, building and operating specific security technologies used within SOCs, we did not find any comprehensive framework for designing, building and managing SOCs. Consequently, consumers of SOCs do not enjoy a constant experience from vendors, and may experience inconsistent services from geographically dispersed offerings provided by the same vendor.
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Xiong, Yunjie. "A BIM-based Interoperability Platform in Support of Building Operation and Energy Management." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97364.
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Building energy efficiency is progressively becoming a crucial topic in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector. Energy management tools have been developed to promise appropriate energy savings. Building energy simulation (BES) is a tool mainly used to analyze and compare the energy consumption of various design/operation scenarios, while building automation systems (BAS) works as another energy management tool to monitor, measure and collect operational data, all in an effort to optimize energy consumption.
By integrating the energy simulated data and actual operational data, the accuracy of a building energy model can be increased while the calibrated energy model can be applied as a benchmark for guiding the operational strategies. This research predicted that building information modeling (BIM) would link BES and BAS by acting as a visual model and a database throughout the lifecycle of a building. The intent of the research was to use BIM to document energy-related information and to allow its exchange between BES and BAS. Thus, the energy-related data exchange process would be simplified, and the productive efficiency of facility management processes would increase.
A systematic literature review has been conducted in investigating the most popular used data formats and data exchange methods for the integration of BIM/BES and BAS, the results showed the industry foundation classes (IFC) was the most common choice for BIM tools mainly and database is a key solution for managing huge actual operational datasets, which was a reference for the next step in research.
Then a BIM-based framework was proposed to supporting the data exchange process among BIM/BES/BAS. 4 modules including BIM Module, Operational Data Module, Energy Simulation Module and Analysis and Visualization Module with an interface were designed in the framework to document energy-related information and to allow its exchange between BES and BAS. A prototype of the framework was developed as a platform and a case study of an entire office suite was conducted using the platform to validate this framework. The results showed that the proposed framework enables automated or semi-automated multiple-model development and data analytics processes. In addition, the research explored how BIM can enhance the application of energy modeling during building operation processes as a means to improve overall energy performance and facility management productivity.Doctor of Philosophy
Building energy efficiency is progressively becoming a crucial topic in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector, promising appropriate energy savings can be achieved over the life cycle of buildings through proper design, construction, and operation. Energy management tools have been developed towards this end. Building energy simulation (BES) is a tool mainly used to analyze and compare the energy consumption of various design/operation scenarios. These instances include the selection of both new and retrofit designs and for building codes, building commissioning, and real-time optimal control, among others. The main challenge surrounding BES is the discrepancy between quantitative results and actual performance data. Building automation systems (BAS), or a part of BAS which is often referred to as building energy management systems (BEMS), works as another energy management tool to monitor, measure and collect operational data, all in an effort to optimize energy consumption. The key disadvantage to the more general tool of BAS in energy management is that the data sets collected by BAS are typically too large to be analyzed effectively. One potential solution to the lack of effective energy management analysis may lie in the integration of BES and BAS. Actual operational data can be compared with simulation results in assessing the accuracy of an energy model while the energy model can be applied as a benchmark for evaluating the actual energy consumption and optimizing control strategies. The presented research predicted that building information modeling (BIM) would link BES and BAS by acting as a visual model and a database throughout the lifecycle of a building. The intent of the research was to use BIM to document energy-related information and to allow its exchange between BES and BAS. Thus, the energy-related data exchange process would be simplified, and the productive efficiency of facility management processes would increase. More specifically, this research posits the framework of integrating BIM, BES, and BAS to produce a seamless and real-time energy-related information exchange system. The proposed framework enables automated or semi-automated multiple-model development and data analytics processes. In addition, the research explored how BIM can enhance the application of energy modeling during building operation processes as a means to improve overall energy performance and facility management productivity.
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Eghbalian, Amirmohammad. "Data mining techniques for modeling the operating behaviors of smart building control valve systems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20102.
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Background. One of the challenges about smart control valves system is processing and analyzing sensors data to extract useful information. These types of information can be used to detect the deviating behaviors which can be an indication of faults and issues in the system. Outlier detection is a process in which we try to find these deviating behaviors that occur in the system.Objectives. First, perform a literature review to get an insight about the machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) techniques that can be applied to extract patternfrom time-series data. Next, model the operating behaviors of the control valve system using appropriate machine learning and data mining techniques. Finally,evaluate the proposed behavioral models on real world data.Methods. To have a better understanding of the different ML and DM techniques for extracting patterns from time-series data and fault detection and diagnosis of building systems, literature review is conducted. Later on, an unsupervised learning approach is proposed for modeling the typical operating behaviors and detecting the deviating operating behaviors of the control valve system. Additionally, the proposed method provides supplementary information for domain experts to help them in their analysis.Results. The outcome from modeling and monitoring the operating behaviors ofthe control valve system are analyzed. The evaluation of the results by the domain experts indicates that the method is capable of detecting deviating or unseen operating behaviors of the system. Moreover, the proposed method provides additional useful information to have a better understanding of the obtained results.Conclusions. The main goal in this study was achieved by proposing a method that can model the typical operating behaviors of the control valve system. The generated model can be used to monitor the newly arrived daily measurements and detect the deviating or unseen operating behaviors of the control valve system. Also, it provides supplementary information that can help domain experts to facilitate and reduce the time of analysis.
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Sakr, Wafa. "Impact of ventilation system operation and building products on perceived indoor air quality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ43651.pdf.
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Rhoads, William J. "Growth of Opportunistic Pathogens in Domestic Plumbing: Building Standards, System Operation, and Design." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76653.
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Understanding and limiting public health threats resulting from exposure to opportunistic pathogens (OPs) in domestic water (i.e., hot/cold water for human use) will be one of the grand challenges for water safety in the 21st century. This dissertation anticipates some of the complexities in balancing stakeholder goals and developing building standards to limit OP growth, and advances scientific understanding of OP survival and proliferation in domestic plumbing systems.
In a cross-sectional survey of water- and energy-efficient buildings, domestic water age ranged from 8 days to 6 months and resulted in pH and temperature fluctuations, rapid disinfectant residual decay up to 144 times faster than municipal water delivered to the buildings, and elevated levels of OP gene markers. This motivates future work to determine how to maintain high quality and safe water while preserving the sustainability goals of these cutting-edge buildings.
Head-to-head pilot-scale experiments examining OP growth in recirculating hot water systems revealed that elevated temperature had an overarching inhibitory effect on L. pneumophila growth where temperatures were maintained. However, control was undermined in distal branches, especially when density-driven convective mixing gradients maintained ideal growth temperatures and delivered nutrients to the otherwise stagnant branches. These results resolve discrepancies reported in the literature regarding the effects of flow, and identify important system design and operational conditions that facilitate OP growth.
Advancements were also made in understanding how corrosion can trigger OP growth. In Flint, MI, corrosive Flint River water damaged iron pipes, releasing iron nutrients, consuming chlorine residual, and supporting high levels of L. pneumophila in large building systems. This likely triggered two unprecedented clusters of Legionnaire's disease.
In pilot-scale systems, copper released from copper pipes, but not dosed as soluble cupric, triggered release of >1,100 times more H2 into the water due to deposition corrosion. The organic carbon fixed by autotrophic hydrogen oxidation has the potential to facilitate OP growth, but more work is needed to understand the limits of this mechanism.
Finally, well-controlled laboratory experiments confirmed past reports from field surveys that the use of chloramines trigger a trade-off between controlling Legionella and allowing non-tuberculous Mycobacteria to persist.Ph. D.
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Halvarsson, Johan. "Occupancy Pattern in Office Buildings : Consequences for HVAC system design and operation." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16458.
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The main objectives with the work presented in this thesis have been: (a) to contribute to an increased understanding of the consequences that the occupancy pattern can have on the indoor climate and for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system design and operation; and (b) to investigate how typical occupancy patterns can look like in office buildings. The occupancy pattern in an office is a function of the floor layout of the building, and the user organisation(s) occupying it and their way of working. The combination of these two, will decide how the users occupy the building, which in turn is an important design prerequisite/constraint for the HVAC system design process. There are many assessments related to indoor climate and HVAC that involve considerations of the occupancy pattern, reaching from estimates of internal heat and pollution loads to deciding on an appropriate control strategy of HVAC systems, or estimating the energy saving potential with demand controlled ventilation. A few numerical measures have been used to describe different aspects of the occupancy pattern. The zone based occupancy factor (OFz) expresses the ratio between the number of occupied sub-zones/rooms in a zone and the total number of sub-zones/rooms in the zone. OFz does not take the number of people into account, only whether a sub-zone/room is occupied or unoccupied. OFz can be used both to express instantaneous occupancy levels and averages over time. Superscript is used to specify the time, or time period, that the measure refers to. For instance, 06 18,wd OFz _ means the average OFz between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. on working days, while the 95th percentile of OFz6_18,wd , means the 95th percentile of all instantaneous values (one or five minute averages in the case studies) of OFz that have occurred during the same time period. The utilisation rate (UR) expresses the fraction of time that a room is occupied, within a specific time period. It is important to distinguish between the actual occupancy state of a room (occupied or unoccupied) and the detected occupancy state, which is the one monitored in case buildings presented in this thesis. The detected occupancy state can differ from the actual occupancy state, because of false-detection and time-delay of the detector. The OFF-delay (TD-OFF) is the time from the last detected motion occurred until the detector changes the output signal, and the zone is recorded as unoccupied in connection with logging. It is however possible to make some corrections regarding TD-OFF to estimate the actual occupancy levels. Based on a literature study, it can be concluded that there is a need for more empirical basic data on occupancy in offices, with measurements from a wide spectre of organisations. In particular, detailed data describing variations between zones/rooms in one and the same building and short- and long-term fluctuations are very limited. In addition, there is a lack of data on peak, or close to peak, occupancy rates, relevant for HVAC system design. Occupancy has been monitored in room samples from eleven organisations in five Norwegian office buildings. The data set contained 247 office cells and 16 meeting rooms. The case studies indicated that 06 18,wd OFz _06 18,wd with 20 minutes TD-OFF and actual occupancy during working hours ( 8 17,wd OFz _8 17,wd) for one-person cellular offices is on average around 0.4, and somewhere between 0.2 and 0.6 for most Norwegian organisations. There is a large variation in utilisation rates for meeting rooms, with UR6_18,wd ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. Furthermore, the case studies indicate that in a zone with more than 10 office cells, we can expect roughly the following close to peak levels of OFz6_18,wd , with 20 minutes TD-OFF: between 0.5 and 1.0 for the 98th percentile and between 0.45 and 0.95 for the 95th percentile.
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Al-Hussein, Maria. "An information model to support maintenance and operation management of building mechanical systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59293.pdf.
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Cho, Hee Jin. "DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND OPTIMAL REAL-TIME OPERATION OF CHP SYSTEMS FOR BUILDINGS." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03312009-144452/.
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Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) systems have been widely recognized as a key alternative for electric and thermal energy generation because of their outstanding energy efficiency, reduced environmental emissions, and relative independence from centralized power grids. The systems provide simultaneous onsite or near-site electric and thermal energy generation in a single, integrated package. As CHP becomes increasingly popular worldwide and its total capacity increases rapidly, the research on the topics of CHP performance assessment, design, and operational strategy become increasingly important. Following this trend of research activities to improve energy efficiency, environmental emissions, and operational cost, this dissertation focuses on the following aspects: (a) performance evaluation of a CHP system using a transient simulation model; (b) development of a dynamic simulation model of a power generation unit that can be effectively used in transient simulations of CHP systems; (c) investigation of real-time operation of CHP systems based on optimization with respect to operational cost, primary energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions; and (d) development of optimal supervisory feed-forward control that can provide realistic real-time operation of CHP systems with electric and thermal energy storages using short-term weather forecasting. The results from a transient simulation of a CHP system show that technical and economical performance can be readily evaluated using the transient model and that the design, component selection, and control of a CHP system can be improved using this model. The results from the case studies using optimal real-time operation strategies demonstrate that CHP systems with an energy dispatch algorithm have the potential to yield savings in operational cost, primary energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions with respect to a conventional HVAC system. Finally, the results from the case study using a supervisory feed-forward control system illustrate that optimal realistic real-time operation of CHP systems with electric and thermal energy storages can be managed by this optimal control using weather forecasting information.
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Frank, Stephen M. "Optimal design of mixed AC-DC distribution systems for commercial buildings." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3558161.
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With the advent of inexpensive computing and efficient power electronics, the load mix in commercial buildings has experienced a fundamental shift away from almost exclusively traditional alternating current (AC) loads toward primarily direct current (DC) loads—devices which use DC electricity either for end-use or as a power conditioning stage. Simultaneously, installations of DC distributed generation sources for commercial buildings, such as rooftop photovoltaic arrays, are accelerating. Despite this proliferation of DC devices, the basic design of building electrical distribution systems has changed very little in the past century: AC distribution remains the industry standard. The AC-DC electricity conversions required to connect DC sources and loads to the AC electric grid result in wasted energy. Partial replacement of AC distribution with DC distribution can improve overall building electrical energy efficiency; the result is a mixed AC-DC electrical distribution system. This dissertation develops a modeling framework, mathematical program, and global optimization algorithm which determine maximally energy efficient designs for mixed AC-DC building electrical distribution systems. The research approach precisely quantifies building electrical energy efficiency at a systems level, not simply the level of individual devices. The results of two case studies validate the power of the optimization algorithm and demonstrate that well designed mixed AC-DC building electrical distribution systems can achieve higher efficiency than either AC or DC distribution used alone.
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Le, Huu-Thoi. "Entwicklung und Validierung einer Simulationsbasis zum Test von Reglern raumlufttechnischer Anlagen." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970782438.
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Le, Huu-Thoi. "Entwicklung und Validierung einer Simulationsbasis zum Test von Reglern raumlufttechnischer Anlagen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24304.
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Heutzutage gewinnt die Simulation von Gebäuden und Anlagen zunehmend an Bedeutung, um die Betriebsweise der Anlagen zu diagnostizieren bzw. zu bewerten und den Energiebedarf vorherzusagen. Dabei hängt die erzielte Genauigkeit von dem Kompliziertheitsgrad des angewendeten Simulationsprogramms ab. Deshalb ist Modellbildung und -validierung ein sehr wichtiger Bestandteil eines Softwareentwicklungsprozesses, um die Zuverlässigkeit zu sichern. Am Institut für Thermodynamik und Technische Gebäudeausrüstung liegen zahlreiche Simulationsmodelle vor. Im Rahmen dieser vorliegenden Arbeit wurden weitere benötigte Modelle (hygrisches Verhalten der Wände (vereinfachtes Verfahren), Rippenrohrwärmeüberträger, Wärmeregenerator et al.) entwickelt und in das Programm TRNSYS eingefügt sowie die vorhandenen Modelle an ihre Genauigkeit angepasst. Insbesondere sind dies die Modelle für Splitsysteme bei stetiger und nichtstetiger Regelung mit der detaillierten Betrachtung des Anlagenverhaltens sowohl beim Voll- als auch beim Teillastbetrieb. Damit ist es erstmals gelungen, das gesamte Anlagensystem der Splittechnik ausführlich zu beschreiben. Um die analytische Validierung durchführen zu können, wurden die analytischen Modelle für eine Splitanlage bei stetiger und nichtstetiger Regelung unter den vordefinierten Randbedingungen entwickelt. Zur analytischen Validierung finden auch die vorhandenen Simulationsmodelle Anwendung, so dass sich die meisten Komponenten und das Simulationsprogramm TRNSYS verifizieren ließen. Diese Validierung erfolgte im Rahmen des IEA-SHC/HVAC BESTEST TASK 22. Da an diesem TASK verschiedene Forschungsinstitutionen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Simulationsprogrammen teilnahmen, ergab sich die beste Möglichkeit, vergleichende Tests durchzuführen. Wenn dabei ein Programm signifikante Unterschiede zu den anderen liefert, liegt dies nicht immer an Programmfehlern. Aber kollektive Erfahrungen aus diesem TASK zeigen, dass bei Abweichungen meistens Fehler bzw. fragwürdige Algorithmen gefunden wurden. Nachdem das Simulationsprogramm TRNSYS validiert war, erfolgte die Erstellung eines Konzeptes zur Fehlererkennung und Diagnose der Regelstrategien von RLTA. Das Verfahren erlaubt sowohl die Beseitigung der möglichen Fehler in der Planungsphase beim Entwurf der Regelstrategien als auch den Test der vorhandenen Regelstrategien. Dies erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit und damit die Sicherheit beim Anlagenbetrieb. Schließlich dient das Verfahren als Werkzeug zur Optimierung der Betriebsweise von RLTA. Das Regelverhalten wurde anhand typischer Fälle vorgestellt und diskutiert. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens zur Fehlererkennung und Diagnose der Betriebsweise von RLTA ließen sich vorhandene Regelstrategien testen und verbessern.
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Braginton, Pauline. "Taxonomy of synchronization and barrier as a basic mechanism for building other synchronization from it." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2288.
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A Distributed Shared Memory(DSM) system consists of several computers that share a memory area and has no global clock. Therefore, an ordering of events in the system is necessary. Synchronization is a mechanism for coordinating activities between processes, which are program instantiations in a system.
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Fedoruk, Laura Elizabeth. "'Smart' energy systems and networked buildings : examining the integrations, controls, and experience of design through operation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45658.
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Designs for new infrastructure such as buildings and energy systems often have the goals of being ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. These goals often coincide with designs that integrate renewable and distributed energy systems, industrial ecology based principles, increased controls and monitoring capabilities, and integrated design techniques. This thesis attempts to understand the design and process-based lessons that help to achieve these goals in networked infrastructure through the use of a contextual literature review as well as two case studies that examine the design and early operation of the networked energy and controls systems at the University of British Columbia’s (UBC) Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS). The thesis examines various literatures associated with ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’ systems inclusive of sustainable buildings, smart grids, distributed energy systems, and industrial ecology and finds that learning processes and systems integration are key to the success of these projects. From this understanding, a case study is used to examine the energy systems at CIRS in order to understand the systems integration of energy infrastructure during early operation. The analysis reveals that in order to create systems that meet their design intent and create symbiotic relationships within a network, it is paramount to understand system boundaries and network effects throughout the lifecycle of a project – from design through to operation and optimization. A second case study examines the systems at CIRS that are usually considered the ‘smart’ component of infrastructure, controls and monitoring capabilities, and finds that in order to have successful controls systems it is necessary to design and operate these systems in a way that complements the human systems that interact with them. Designing for learning enables operator troubleshooting processes and inhabitant feedback and understanding.
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Simmonds, Daphne Marie. "Information Technology & Sustainability: An Empirical Study of the Value of the Building Automation System." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5774.
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This study examines the environmental and economic effects of green information technology (IT). Green IT describes two sets of IT innovations: one set includes innovations that are implemented to reduce the environmental impact of IT services in organizations; and the other IT to reduce the environmental impact of other organizational processes. The two sets respond to the call for more environmentally friendly or “greener” organizational processes.
I developed and tested a preliminary model. The model applied the resource based view (RBV) of the firm (Wernerfelt 1984) the stakeholder theory (Freeman 1984) and included four constructs: (1) BAS implementation; environmental value conceived in a novel way as the conservation of electric energy in buildings; economic value -- from energy cost savings; and BAS complements. These four constructs formed three propositions: (1) BAS implementation is positively associated with environmental value; (2) environmental value is positively associated with economic value; and BAS complements moderate the relationship BAS implementation and environmental value.
The model was used to guide the investigation of three research questions:
1. What are the environmental and economic values of green IT?
2. How do green IT create the above values?
3. Are other dimensions of value created? If so, what are they?
The focal IT investigated was the building automation system – a system designed to conserve electric energy and decrease operational costs. The unit of analysis of the study was the facilities management team – the implementers of the system.
I collected data on a sample of six diverse cases of BAS implementations. The cases were diverse in terms of the BAS types, the building purposes, the building locations and the building occupancy and management. Two types of BAS were involved in the study, each with a different level of artificial intelligence: the more intelligent BAS self-reconfigured when changes in setpoints, for example, were necessary; the less intelligent BAS must be reconfigured by an engineer in similar circumstances.
There was also diversity in terms of the buildings in which the systems were implemented and the occupancy and management of the buildings. The buildings include: the corporate headquarters of a global telecommunications firm; university classrooms; a residence hall in a university; and three multi-tenanted office complexes. The building occupancy and management differ in that some buildings are owner-occupied and are managed in-house, while the others are leased and their management outsourced.
Data collection involved recorded semi-structured interviews of three sets of users in the organizations: building engineers; chief engineers; and property/facilities managers. The interviews were prearranged and were conducted onsite using an interview protocol. Each interview lasted approximately one hour and was conducted in one session. The data were transcribed and analyzed in Nvivo 10.
The findings showed support for the presence of the four constructs within the preliminary model as well as for the three propositions in the preliminary model. The data also revealed contextual details of the BAS implementation and BAS complements constructs. There were also new dimensions value including: unanticipated types of economic value (including savings from reduced labor demand; social value (comfort and safety for building occupants); and strategic value (knowledge used to position the organizations for greater efficiency and effectiveness). Overall, the value outcomes of the implementations can be summarized as short term social, environmental and economic value as well as strategic value – consistent with the concept of sustainable value defined by Hart et al. (1995).
Also, consistent with Zuboff’s (1985) description of the duality of intelligent IT systems -- the ability to informate and automate, the BAS implementation construct was found to include two distinct sources of value: equipment automation; and equipment information. The unanticipated value dimensions and types, as well as the sources of value were used to refine the research model.
The study therefore a preliminary theoretical model – the resource based view of the sustainable organization (RBV-SO) -- as well as contextual implementation details that can be used to guide future investigations of the value created by intelligent green IT systems such as the BAS, as well as measurement items that can be used to inform quantitative studies of these systems. The study also adds to the practical body of knowledge concerning green IT implementations in general and implementations of the BAS in particular, concerning: details of the information value – for example, for measuring the environmental impact of the system and for substantiating claims in the application for green funds available to organizations; and details of some key complementary resources that enhance value creation within the context.
Two major limitations of this study are: (1) a single coder was used in the analysis process and therefore no inter-coder reliability was established for the results; and (2) user perceptions rather than actual quantities were used to validate the findings.
Some future research prospects include: use of these findings to conduct a quantitative study of an intelligent system extended with, for example, investigation of the impact of external forces such as government regulations, environmental issue salience, and market forces on the value created by green IT (such as the BAS); and investigation of the impact over time of the development of the strategic capabilities enabled by the BAS on creation of value.
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Doban, Nicolae. "Building predictive models for dynamic line rating using data science techniques." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187812.
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The traditional power systems are statically rated and sometimes renewable energy sources (RES) are curtailed in order not to exceed this static rating. The RES are curtailed because of their intermittent character and therefore, it is difficult to predict their output at specific time periods throughout the day. Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) technology can overcome this constraint by leveraging the available weather data and technical parameters of the transmission line. The main goal of the thesis is to present prediction models of Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) capacity on two days ahead and on one day ahead. The models are evaluated based on their error rate profiles. DLR provides the capability to up-rate the line(s) according to the environmental conditions and has always a much higher profile than the static rating. By implementing DLR a power utility can increase the efficiency of the power system, decrease RES curtailment and optimize their integration within the grid. DLR is mainly dependent on the weather parameters and specifically, in large wind speeds and low ambient temperature, the DLR can register the highest profile. Additionally, this is especially profitable for the wind energy producers that can both, produce more (until pitch control) and transmit more in high wind speeds periods with the same given line(s), thus increasing the energy efficiency. The DLR was calculated by employing modern Data Science and Machine Learning tools and techniques and leveraged historical weather and transmission line data provided by SMHI and Vattenfall respectively. An initial phase of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) was developed to understand data patterns and relationships between different variables, as well as to determine the most predictive variables for DLR. All the predictive models and data processing routines were built in open source R and are available on GitHub. There were three types of models built: for historical data, for one day-ahead and for two days-ahead time-horizons. The models built for both time-horizons registered a low error rate profile of 9% (for day-ahead) and 11% (for two days-ahead). As expected, the predictive models built on historical data were more accurate with an error as low as 2%-3%. In conclusion, the implemented models met the requirements set by Vattenfall of maximum error of 20% and they can be applied in the control room for that specific line. Moreover, predictive models can also be built for other lines if the required data is available. Therefore, this Master Thesis project’s findings and outcomes can be reproduced in other power lines and geographic locations in order to achieve a more efficient power system and an increased share of RES in the energy mix
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Wilson, Geoffrey David. "Strategies for designing and implementing knowledge management systems: An interpretive case study of two Western Australian house-building firms." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/406.
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Knowledge management is a relatively new concept that has received substantial attention in the academic and industry literature particularly in the information systems field. Proponents of knowledge management argue that it has been driven by the desire of organisations for greater innovation, cost reduction and process improvements (Wilson. Jackson & Smith 2003). Little research, though, has been conducted from a knowledge management perspective into how Western Australian house-building enterprises develop and implement information systems. The WA house-building industry forms part of the wider building and construction community. Most construction firms are small to-medium-sized enterprises that differ from large organisations in that they generally lack internal expertise, financial resources and have IS and IT landscapes that have been shaped by the dominant role played by the owner or manager of the firm (rink 1998). The exponential rise in communication technologies - such as the Internet, Intranets and mobile digital imaging - is rapidly changing the environment in which the WA house-building industry operates. These emerging technologies are reducing the need for firms to rely on sophisticated proprietary systems to collect, store and disseminate their knowledge. This situation brings with it its own sets of issues that must be intelligently managed. A strategic approach will leverage technologies to support knowledge-in-action within the social and cultural context of the organisation. At the same time, space must be created to permit the emergence of tools that may strengthen organizational performance and sustainable competitive advantage. The critical point taken up by this research was that there is a range of considerations in the planning and implementation of an information system, and the use of multiple knowledge management theories in tandem may facilitate this. The theoretical problem guiding this study was to expand knowledge management theory to include the W A house-building industry. The first objective of this study was to identify how WA house-building enterprises approached their knowledge management initiatives. The second was to construct a framework for analysing the factors that may be used to assist local managers in predetermining the critical success factors and outcomes of their knowledge management initiatives. A case study methodology incorporating an interpretive perspective was adopted within the research. Case samples were limited to two Western Australian house building enterprises. This study contributes to a better understanding of the Western Australian house building industry and their approach to developing and implementing knowledge management systems. Furthermore, the discoveries and recommendations presented in this research can be applied to the wider construction industry and small to medium sized business community
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Němec, Jan. "Polyfunkční dům, Morašovice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226414.
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In this project, there is processed complete documentation of a new multifunctional building, Morašovice. This project is solved as operative project. The house is a three story building, partly with a basement and with attic room, which is used. The house is bricked, partly with skeleton construction elements and with wooden saddle roof. This project of the multifunctional building is focused on architectonical solution and implementation into an existing rural area. This project solves relation between disposition and static, fire protection and energy savings. All blueprints are elaborated by ArchiCAD software.
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Tunzi, Michele. "Optimising the operation of hydronic heating systems in existing buildings for connection to low temperature district heating networks." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38724/.
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This thesis presents a new method developed to adapt existing hydronic systems in buildings to take advantage of low temperature district heating (LTDH). The work carried out was performed by extensive use of buildings’ energy modelling, validated through recorded data. Two different case studies were investigated and the dynamic heat demand profiles, simulated for each building, were used to evaluate plate radiators connected to single and double string heating loops. The method considered an optimisation procedure, based on supply and return temperatures, to obtain the required logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD). The results of the analysis are presented as the average reduction of LMTD over the heating season compared to the base case design conditions. The developed strategy was applied to a Danish single family house from the 1930s. Firstly it was hypothesised a heating system based on double string loop. Two scenarios were investigated based on the assumption of a likely cost reduction in the end users energy bills of 1% per each 1◦C reduction of return and average supply and return temperatures. The results showed possible discounts of 14% and 16% respectively, due to more efficient operation of the radiators. For the case of single loop system, the investigated scenario assumed a cost reduction in the end users energy bill of 1% per each 1◦C lower reduction of average supply and return temperature. Although low return temperatures could not be achieved, the implementation of the method illustrates how to efficiently operate these systems and for the given scenario a possible discount of 5% was quantified. The method was also applied to a UK small scale district heating (DH) network. The analysis began by assessing the buildings of the Estate having double string plate radiator systems. Assuming a likely cost reduction in the end users energy bills of 1% per each 1◦C reduction of return temperature, the optimisation led to obtain a possible discount in the end users energy bills of 14% with a possible yearly average return temperature of 41◦C, compared to the present 55◦C. Moreover, few improvements in the operation of the heat network were proposed. It was assumed to operate the buildings with underfloor heating systems (UFH) with average supply and return temperatures of 40/30◦C, whereas the ones with plate radiators with the optimised temperatures of 81/41◦C. The results shown that an overall average return temperature of 35.6◦C can be achieved operating the heat network as suggested. This corresponds to a decrease in the average return temperature of 18.6◦C compared to the present condition and to a reduction of 10% in the distribution heat losses. Finally, the lower average return temperature achievable would guarantee a better condensation of the flue gases, improving the overall efficiency of the biomass boiler. This was quantified as a possible reduction of fuel consumption of 9% compared to present conditions.
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McGonigal, James. "The unintended consequences of improved air-tightness levels on the operation of smoke control pressurization systems in tall buildings." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743905.
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Ndau, Lloyd. "Building designers' perception and the effect on sustainability in Malawi." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3185.
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Environmental sustainability in buildings is an important part of preserving the environment and reducing climate change. The increasing amount of physical infrastructure systems in Malawi has not been accompanied by policy-makers clearly understanding perceptions and attitudinal behaviors of building designers to promote environmental sustainability. Some building designers in Malawi might not be practicing sustainability innovations adequately, requiring more research to understand their perceptions and behaviors. The purpose of this mixed methods sequential and explanatory study was to explore how building designers' behaviors relate to the implementation of sustainability innovations in Malawi. Ajzen's theory of planned behavior explaining how attitudinal behaviors relate to individual's actions, served as the conceptual framework. The central research question investigated perceptions and attitudinal behaviors building designers hold about sustainability, and how these behaviors connect with practicing sustainability innovations. Data collection used a Likert scale questionnaire to capture behavior items. A sample of 99 individuals working in building organizations completed the questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis showed attitude behavior influenced practicing sustainability more than the subjective and perceived control behaviors. Interviews with 24 participants supported the analytical finding. Government and policy-makers were the target audience. Knowledge about behaviors toward sustainability innovations enables government and policy-makers strategize and change stakeholders' mindset to increase sustainability practices thereby impacting societal change in the construction communities.
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Jakubčánin, Marek. "Polyfunkční dům Lignum." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227814.
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The diploma thesis focuses on a mixed-use building with a rectangle-shaped ground plan in Žilina city. The object is four-storey and with no basement. It is split into two sections. The first one provides a space for three operations in northeastern part of the first floor with an attached parking lot. These operations are not further described in this project and depending on investor´s requirements some changes may apply. The second part is an apartment housing section. The first floor contains utility rooms such as storage and buggy room. The housing sections are accessible with two entrances. The apartments are located from the second up to the fourth storey and are designed 1+KK, 2+KK,3+KK and 4+KK respectively. The apartments are assigned with parking spaces isolated from operations parking lot. Vertical bearing walls are made of clay blocks POROTHERM 30 AKU P+D, which are used also as internal bearing party. Internal bearing walls placed in apartments are made POROTHERM 25 AKU P+D and completed by POROTHERM 14 PROFI P+D. Walls will be placed on conrete and reinforced concrete strip foundation. Building has external thermal insulation made by EPS gray 200mm thick. Horizontal load-bearing structures are made by reinforced concrete. Object has flat roof with minimum slope 3%. Damp proof is made by PVC-P membrane. As thermal insulation is used mineral wool.
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Schneider, Georg Ferdinand [Verfasser], and J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ovtcharova. "Semantic Modelling of Control Logic in Automation Systems - Knowledge-Based Support of the Engineering and Operation of Control Logic in Building and Industrial Automation Systems / Georg Ferdinand Schneider ; Betreuer: J. Ovtcharova." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182430678/34.
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Crowley, Michael J. A., R. Isbister, and S. Meek. "Building Comprehensive Controls on Small Arms Manufacturing, Transfer and End-use." Thesis, British American Security Information Council (BASIC), International Alert and Saferworld, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4272.
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yesSmall arms and light weapons can enter the illicit market at many stages in their lifecycle. From manufacture, to sale/export, to import, and then to final end use, States must establish and enforce stringent and comprehensive licensing and monitoring systems to ensure that small arms and light weapons (SALW) remain under legal control. The UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects and ensuing follow-up process provide States with important opportunities to analyse and compare how existing systems governing the manufacture and trade in SALW are working. They further provide the context in which best practice can be agreed and implemented internationally, and for the discussion of how future trends and developments in SALW manufacture and transfer can be more effectively brought within State control. To this end, this briefing paper covers two separate but closely related issues. The first section of the report will analyse existing State and regional controls on SALW manufacture and examine how international measures, including the UN Conference, can reinforce such controls. In this regard, the growth of licensed production and co-production agreements is highlighted, together with implications for the development of adequate regulations. The second section examines those systems that are currently in place for the authorisation of SALW transfers and for the certification and monitoring of their ultimate end-use. Recommendations for best practice and implications for the UN Conference process are also discussed.
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Nuseibeh, Hasan. "An Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) Decision Framework for Building an Information Economy in Developing Countries: The Case of Palestine." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6338.
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Building a thriving information economy is a goal for many developing countries. This research helps identify the factors (inhibitors and motivators) that can be used to leverage the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector in a developing country to build a sustainable information economy that benefits other sectors of the economy. This is done by studying the current literature on this topic and then synthesizing the theoretical models to create a unified decision framework to help developing countries set their path to building a sustainable information economy.
Drawing on past literature and extant theory, a novel ICT4D decision framework is built that provides a three-dimensional view based on 1) the ICT value chain, 2) key factors (e.g. infrastructure, policies, markets), and 3) stakeholders (e.g. industry, government, academia). This decision framework is then used to study the case of Palestine, where secondary and primary data are used to compare the critical success factors for Palestine with the general framework. This synthesized framework and critical success factors superset is expected to advance the field’s understanding of how both controllable and non-controllable country characteristics contribute to or inhibit the growth and development of an ICT sector in developing countries. In addition, the framework and identified success factors help in setting a future path for development.
Results from both secondary data sources demonstrate the usability of the framework to analyze the current setting of the ICT sector, in addition, to help investigate a range of possible opportunities for action to reach a higher level of ICT success. Then, via a targeted set of interviews with academic, industrial, and governmental sources who are experts in the Palestinian ICT arena, an exploratory study was performed that focused on key critical success factors for future development of the ICT economy. Controllable factors that have the potential for sustainable action were identified.
In the case of Palestine, it appears that despite having many challenges that are out of control, there seem to be many opportunities for change specifically in government and educational policies that can help the ICT sector in specific, and the Palestinian economy in general reach its real potential. Given the current political situation in Palestine, it was found that there is a great potential in creating new software products for export. The challenges in this particular area in the case of Palestine lies in the lack of adequate business skills to research the global market and to market products and services that can be offered by the Palestinian ICT sector.
The findings should also help stakeholders see if the challenges to developing an ICT sector in Palestine are the same as those for any developing country, and where they are truly unique. The outcomes of this research have the potential to frame and inform economic development decisions that could define the future of the Palestinian state.
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Al-Hadban, Yehya. "Demand-side management in office buildings in Kuwait through an ice-storage assisted HVAC system with model predictive control." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3885.
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Examining methods for controlling the electricity demand in Kuwait was the main
objective and motivation of this researchp roject. The extensiveu se of air-conditioning
for indoor cooling in office and large commercial buildings in Kuwait and the Gulf
States represents a major part of the power and electricity consumption in such
countries. The rising electricity generation cost and growing rates of consumption
continuously demand the construction new power plants. Devising and enforcing
Demand-SideM anagemen(t DSM) in the form of energye fficient operations trategies
was the response of this research project to provide a means to rectify this situation
using the demand-side management technique known as demand levelling or load
shifting. State of the art demand-sidem anagementte chniquesh ave been examined
through the developmenot f a model basedp redictive control optimisations trategyf or
an integrateda ndm odulara pproachto the provisiono f ice thermals torage.
To evaluate the potential of ice-storage assisted air-conditioning systems in flattening
the demand curve at peak times during the summer months in Kuwait, a model of a
Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) plant was developed in Matlab. The
model engaged the use of model based predictive control (MPQ as an optimisation tool
for the plant as a whole. The model with MPC was developed to chose and decide on
which control strategy to operate the integrated ice-storage HVAC plant. The model
succeeded in optimising the operation of the plant and introduced encouraging
improvement of the performance of the system as a whole.
The concept of the modular ice-storage system was introduced through a control zoning
strategy based on zonal orientation. It is believed that such strategy could lead to the
modularisation of ice-storage systems. Additionally, the model was examined and tested
in relation to load flattening and demonstrated promising enhancement in the shape of
the load curve and demonstrated flattened demand curves through the employed
strategy. When compared with measured data from existing buildings, the model
showed potential for the techniques utilised to improve the load factor for office
buildings.
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Sayadi, Saeed [Verfasser], George [Akademischer Betreuer] Tsatsaronis, George [Gutachter] Tsatsaronis, Tetyana [Gutachter] Morozyuk, Dirk [Gutachter] Müller, and Ana María [Gutachter] Blanco-Marigorta. "Dynamic exergy-based methods for improving the operation of building energy systems / Saeed Sayadi ; Gutachter: George Tsatsaronis, Tetyana Morozyuk, Dirk Müller, Ana María Blanco-Marigorta ; Betreuer: George Tsatsaronis." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223537269/34.
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Tonti-Filippini, Justi. "The economic efficacy (in terms of cost and quality outcomes) of outsourcing IT services and cleaning services by large Australian companies and government business enterprises." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1868.
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On-shore outsourcing has been common in Australia for a number of decades across a range of business services in both the public and private sectors. Given this, there is less literature examining Australian on-shore outsourcing than one would reasonably expect. Whilst the literature examines the general motives for organisations to outsource and the economic effects of outsourcing for those organisations, it generally does not examine whether there are any differences in the motives, management strategies and techniques, and economic outcomes associated with the outsourcing of high skill functions compared to the outsourcing of low skill functions. The literature also devotes less attention than may be expected to the role of managerial strategy in determining the economic outcomes and relative successes of outsourcing projects. This study aims to contribute a bounded examination of these issues to the academic literature, by presenting an in-depth comparative investigation of the on-shore outsourcing of (high skill) IT services and (low skill) cleaning services by large Australian Government Business Entities (GBEs) and private sector companies, from each organisation’s decision to outsource to the end of their outsourcing lifecycle (relationship). The study will; identify and explain any differences (or lack of differences) in the cited motives for Australian GBEs and companies to outsource IT and cleaning services; discuss the economic impact of outsourcing decisions upon these GBEs and companies; examine the strategies used by those organisations in outsourcing cleaning and IT services, and the effects of these chosen strategies upon the economic outcomes of outsourcing for each organisation; and explain any differences (or the lack of difference) between the economic outcomes of outsourcing cleaning and IT services.
The study was conducted over a number of years, using a triangulated mixed methods design involving thirteen case study organisations (with in-depth semi structured interviews with a large number of primary interview subjects at each case study organisation site) and data triangulation using corroborative interviews, company and public records, service provider records, service provider (corroborative) interviews, and focus group data.
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Ghalebani, Alireza. "Renewable Energy Investment Planning and Policy Design." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6243.
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In this dissertation, we leverage predictive and prescriptive analytics to develop decision support systems to promote the use of renewable energy in society. Since electricity from renewable energy sources is still relatively expensive, there are variety of financial incentive programs available in different regions. Our research focuses on financial incentive programs and tackles two main problem: 1) how to optimally design and control hybrid renewable energy systems for residential and commercial buildings given the capacity based and performance based incentives, and 2) how to develop a model-based system for policy makers for designing optimal financial incentive programs to promote investment in net zero energy (NZE) buildings.
In order to customize optimal investment and operational plans for buildings, we developed a mixed integer program (MIP). The optimization model considers the load profile and specifications of the buildings, local weather data, technology specifications and pricing, electricity tariff, and most importantly, the available financial incentives to assess the financial viability of investment in renewable energy. It is shown how the MIP model can be used in developing customized incentive policy designs and controls for renewable energy system.
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Saad, Hussein Noha [Verfasser], and Hans-Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Henning. "Effects of building refurbishment on a districts energy system : : optimization of the deployment and operation of heat, power and sector coupling technologies = Effekte von Gebäudesanierungsmaßnahmen auf ein dezentrales Energiesystem : Ausbau- und Betriebsoptimierung von Strom- und Wärme-, sowie Sektorkopplungstechnologien." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166559424/34.
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Pina, Hugo Rafael Matos. "Metodologia BIM na gestão da manutenção de uma estação elevatória." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14955.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilA complexidade crescente dos projetos de construção, leva à correspondente multiplicidade e exigência de todo o processo, quer durante a fase de conceção e construção, quer durante a fase de exploração das edificações/instalações. A importância da fase de operação e manutenção para o aumento da durabilidade e para a redução de custos das instalações, associada à potencialidade da metodologia Building Information Modeling (BIM), conduz ao desenvolvimento de novas formas de gestão integrada do edificado. Esta metodologia possui os requisitos necessários para ser integrada na gestão de qualquer edifício ou instalação, não só pela sua capacidade gráfica e de visualização, mas sobretudo pelas potencialidades que a base de dados criada oferece, contendo informação parametrizada de cada um dos componentes presentes na mesma. O estudo desenvolvido pretende contribuir para a implementação do conceito do Facility Management (FM) em Portugal, associado ao Building Information Modeling, integrando a gestão das instalações com o modelo tridimensional da instalação. Para o caso de estudo, foi escolhida uma estação elevatória de águas residuais, que engloba equipamentos que necessitam de manutenção ao longo da sua vida de serviço, sendo a sua estrutura constituída por anéis de betão armado, betonados in situ. Foi desenvolvido um modelo tridimensional da instalação, utilizando o software de modelação Autodesk Revit 2014, com todas as especialidades e equipamentos, no qual se introduziram todas as informações relativas a cada elemento do modelo. De seguida, criou-se uma base de dados, onde é possível alojar estas informações. A partir do próprio software de modelação, utilizando o Construction Operation Building information exchange (COBie), foi possível criar bases de dados que, posteriormente, na fase de operação e manutenção, possam ser utilizadas pelos responsáveis destas fases. Por fim, a informação inserida na fase de modelação da instalação é exportada para o software utilizado na gestão e manutenção da instalação. No presente caso de estudo utilizou-se o IBM Maximo, através do qual se efetuou a simulação da gestão dos ativos após a qual se fez a comparação entre esta metodologia e a usualmente utilizada pelas empresas.
The construction project’s complexity leads to the multiplicity and demanding of the entire process. Whether in the concept and construction phase, or in phase of exploration of an infrastructure, the importance of the operation and maintenance for the increase of the durability and cost reduction of the infrastructure, can be associated to the potential of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology, leading to the development of new management procedures, integrated in the buildings. The BIM methodology has the necessary requirements to be integrated in the management of any building, infrastructure or installation, not only due to the graphical capacity and visualization but above all for the possibilities introduced by the defined database that includes the parameterized information of each components. The study developed aims to contribute to the implementation of the concept of Facility Management (FM) in Portugal, associated with Building Information Modeling, integrating the management of installations with three-dimensional model of the installation. For the case study, a wastewater pumping station was selected, which includes equipment that needs maintenance during its service life. The structure was defined by rings of reinforced concrete, casted in situ. A three-dimensional model of the installation was developed using Autodesk Revit 2014, a modeling software with all specialties and equipment, in which were introduced all the information for each model element. Then, a database where it is possible to accommodate this information was created. It was possible, from the own modeling software, using the Construction Operation Building information exchange (COBie), to export databases that later, in the operation and maintenance phase, can be used by those responsible for these phases. Finally, the information included in the installation modeling phase was exported to the software used in the management and maintenance of the facility, which in the case study was the IBM Maximo. Finally was carried out the management of the assets and was performed a simplified comparison between the methodology developed and the commonly used by the companies.
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Novel, Aymeric. "Développement d’une méthode de méta modélisation des consommations énergétiques des bâtiments en fonction des facteurs d’usages et d’exploitation pour la garantie de résultat énergétique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS001/document.
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À mesure que les performances intrinsèques des bâtiments s’améliorent, les usages énergétiques non réglementés, que nous associons à une notion d’intensité énergétique des usages, prennent de plus en plus d’importance dans le bilan des consommations des bâtiments. De plus, les bâtiments performants font apparaître des problématiques au niveau de l’exploitation des installations. Ces constats nous permettent d’affirmer qu’il est aujourd’hui important de proposer un cadre pour le suivi et l’optimisation de la sobriété énergétique des usages et l’exploitation performante pour la maîtrise des consommations énergétiques réelles des bâtiments. Cette thèse propose tout d’abord de développer des modèles polynomiaux de prédiction de la consommation énergétique tous usages en fonction des facteurs caractérisant l’intensité d’usage, la qualité d’usage et la qualité d’exploitation. Pour cela, nous utilisons le logiciel EnergyPlus afin de réaliser des simulations énergétiques dynamiques (SED) sur des valeurs de paramètres définis par la méthode des plans d’expérience D-optimaux. Le modèle polynomial créé permet alors d’effectuer, avec un faible temps de calcul, une propagation des incertitudes sur les consommations d’énergie calculées. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les données mesurées en exploitation dans le cadre de la mesure et de la vérification de la performance énergétique, associées à une incertitude concernant leur valeur. Nous pouvons alors déterminer l’incertitude globale sur les consommations énergétiques et identifier les pistes pour la réduire, permettant ainsi un meilleur suivi et encadrement de la consommation énergétique réelleSince building envelope and MEP systems characteristics regularly improve, the weight of non-regulatory energy end-uses increases. These energy end-uses are typically associated with tenants or owners’ activities. In addition, high performance buildings show new issues related to HVAC systems operations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and improve non-regulatory energy end-uses energy as well as HVAC systems operations efficiencies. We have developed polynomial energy models that can predict energy consumption as a function of building’s activities characteristics and HVAC systems operations factors. We used EnergyPlus software in order to build reliable energy models along with the D-optimum design of experiments method (DOE). Then, we used measurement and verification (M&V) data, associated with probability functions, to determine the associated uncertainty of the calculated energy consumption. Finally, we combine the latter with the polynomial modeling error to calculate the energy consumption global uncertainty, with the goal to identify strategies to reduce it
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Pospíšil, Tomáš. "Vliv provedení zateplení panelového domu v Ostravě na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402101.
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Siddiqui, Asher. "Capturing JUnit Behavior into Static Programs : Static Testing Framework." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5510.
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In this research paper, it evaluates the benefits achievable from static testing framework by analyzing and transforming the JUnit3.8 source code and static execution of transformed code. Static structure enables us to analyze the code statically during creation and execution of test cases. The concept of research is by now well established in static analysis and testing development. The research approach is also increasingly affecting the static testing process and such research oriented work has proved particularly valuable for those of us who want to understand the reflective behavior of JUnit3.8 Framework.
JUnit3.8 Framework uses Java Reflection API to invoke core functionality (test cases creation and execution) dynamically. However, Java Reflection API allows developers to access and modify structure and behavior of a program. Reflection provides flexible solution for creating test cases and controlling the execution of test cases. Java reflection helps to encapsulate test cases in a single object representing the test suite. It also helps to associate each test method with a test object. Where reflection is a powerful tool to perform potential operations, on the other hand, it limits static analysis. Static analysis tools often cannot work effectively with reflection.
In order to avoid the reflection, Static Testing Framework provides a static platform to analyze the JUnit3.8 source code and transform it into non-reflective version that emulates the dynamic behavior of JUnit3.8. The transformed source code has possible leverage to replace reflection with static code and does same things in an execution environment of Static Testing Framework that reflection does in JUnit3.8. More besides, the transformed code also enables execution environment of Static Testing Framework to run test methods statically. In order to measure the degree of efficiency, the implemented tool is evaluated. The evaluation of Static Testing Framework draws results for different Java projects and these statistical data is compared with JUnit3.8 results to measure the effectiveness of Static Testing Framework. As a result of evaluation, STF can be used for static creation and execution of test cases up to JUnit3.8 where test cases are not creating within a test class and where real definition of constructors is not required. These problems can be dealt as future work by introducing a middle layer to execute test fixtures for each test method and by generating test classes as per real definition of constructors.
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Ling, Huang Miao, and 黃妙玲. "A Study on Operating Mechanism for Buildings Maintenance and Development of“Building Maintenance Management System”." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55317548312966597659.
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碩士中華大學
營建管理研究所
92
The different construction period, regulations and requirement can cause distinct building operation style. The routine work for community and apartment is quite complicated; therefore, the householders can not easily handle those affairs. The administration has limited experience and knowledge, management information and practical lesson can not be effectively passed. As the construction management role we usually concentrate on planning, design procurement and construction stages. On the whole life cycle of the construction engineering, we seldom put much effort on operation phase for the projects. On this research we focus on documents, related laws and investigation to comprehend the circumstances and problems for current community buildings. We also use Information Techniques to integrate management model and develop “Building Maintenance Management System”. Through the well functionality and simple interface, we provide user a standard operation procedure for apartment management. We can handle different style organization by setup some parameters to achieve the dream condition for equipment maintenance, human resource allocation and financial plan.
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Hsieh, Ming-Tse, and 謝明澤. "Energy Analysis of Operating Strategy Air-Conditioning System of A Information Building." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tn3uef.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
100
This study aims to investigate operational pattern of central air-conditioning system of information building which is attributed to the category of network machine room in terms of agricultural purpose, as well as calculate and analyze the optimal energy efficiency of the machine during operation and figure out the best operation strategy, by utilizing daily operational data recorded by the central monitor system and energy management system. Ice-storage air-conditioning system serves to transfer power peak-load to off-load period. This is technique of power load management which is more complicated than traditional central air-conditioning system with regard to either system design or control strategy. Operating ice-storage system is also a professional technique. Performance curve of ice-storage system’s related equipment requires long-term data record and collection from actual operation. As for the issue that its performance is not as good as expectation of its initial design, the major reason lies in that the operators do not have sufficient professional knowledge, fail to adequately apply operational data to analyze and work out the optimal operation mode, fail to perform maintenance and repair on schedule, and arbitrarily switch between ice-storage and –melting in improper period of time. All these are major causes for poor performance of the ice-storage system. This study used air-conditioning monitor system and energy management system to monitor and record for two years, then through calculation, statistics, analysis, and contrast to figure out energy consumption by the air-conditioner of the information building, and finally through analysis on four operational modes of the air-conditioning system to calculate the relationship between power consumption rate by the machine and power cost, in order to work out the optimal operational strategy of the air-conditioning system and so achieve the goal of energy and cost saving.
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Jiang, Yaw-Jang, and 江耀章. "TAB/Cx Application in the operating efficiency improvement of ice storage system in office building." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pj9x3t.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
96
The major spirit of TAB/Cx is confirmed that the entirety function and performance of HVAC system since design, construction, install, functional test to system operation and maintenance and achieve the whole function of design intent.This article illustrates the ice storage system with TAB/Cx to raise the advantageous that ice storage volume, saved power bill, reduce contract volume effectively and spread the limited power crisis etc. by the example of office buildings in Taipei. With the DOE-2 software simulation result to discuss the TAB/Cx achievement points, it illustrates the benefit to owner, the necessary professional of design, supervisor and PCM Unit and the improvement quality of Construction businesses. Hope to supply the objective simulation and actual teat value to supply the all walk of life for pay attention to the importance of TAB/Cx and try the best effort to adjust the original design intent with accepted ice storage system for the devices works with optimize and reduce to waste energy to achieve the stuff feel comfortable in the building.The result indicates that the ice storage HVAC system raises 924RT-HR ice storage volume has been implemented TAB/Cx and then to achieve the design reference values. It not only makes the equipments develop the optimum efficiency and useful life, but also avoids improper selection equipment to add performing cost. Compare the consumption and power bill of the design values and real testing result with e-Quest software simulation, the result is that when the HVAC system installed ice storage equipments, the total consumption follows the ice storage volume add, but the power bill reduce. Finally, compare the result and verify the inaccuracy value is closed by the software simulation and the saved service cost that the before and after implement TAB/Cx commission.
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張瑞霖. "Elments of Successfully Building an Information Operating System :A Case study on a city government department." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34086697869381754633.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理科學系所
94
Abstract A well-established information operating system could not only help reduce the cost of inner communication in an organization, but also assist managers to make appropriate decisions due to getting instantaneous information in changing circumstances. Therefore, a well-designed information operating system is very helpful to raise the performance of an administrative department. Although the characteristics and contents of businesses between organizations are somewhat different, there still exist some similarities between their operating models and working circumstance. That is, we can transfer some successful experiences about setting up information operating systems to other organizations and that would prevent others from making the same mistakes. In this thesis, we study the case while a government department is building their information operation system. We deeply interview with the system developers, professional managers and online users to obtain the elements of successfully building an information operating system. This experience can be transferred to other departments which would like to build a similar information system. As a result, we conclude that there are six elements to make an information operating system successful: “The support from department manager”, “The manpower and the budget”, “The abilities of techniques”, “The sense of missions and attainments”, “The leading characteristics of the master”, and “The cultures and management of the action team”.
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Hsiao, Kuan-Min, and 蕭寬民. "The research of Activity-Based Costing system applies in the property electromechanical facilities breakdown call service operating cost – a case study for an office building." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72845901649387578061.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華夏技術學院
資產與物業管理研究所
99
Property management services industry operating more and more intense competition. The companies for survive issue, they must reduce operating costs. However, the traditional cost systems focus on direct costs for management control. Often ignore the importance of indirect costs in the property management services industry, and caused the actual service costs are distorted. In this study, cases of an office building, the use of Activity-Based Costing (abbreviated as ABC) cost sharing and ownership of properties, to discussion of resources consumed on electromechanical facilities breakdown call service. Import ABC system into office building processes as follows: after collection the breakdown call service and cost data, first to make sure the resources of the project; the second step confirmed facilities operations center, make all facilities and equipment, according to functional classification of facilities grouped into 45 categories and 10 operation centers; The third step is to confirm the facilities and resources motivation, Dynamic sharing of resources such as wage labor hours. Office equipment maintenance and depreciation due to use of dynamic resource- sharing percentage; The fourth step of the operations center recognized type and quantity of related equipment, such as 2 sets of air compressor systems, a type of gas system, etc.; The fifth step is to confirm the operation processes and detail operations; Step sixth confirmed called services operation motivation, including maintenance work order, labor hours, batch operation, the quotation. When completed cost-sharing structure, and then work on up to the cost of cost-sharing target. Compared annual costs using the traditional cost and ABC costs, lighting operations center underestimated NT$331,852 per year, the total cost of 12.62%. Annual operating cost of the administrative center overestimate NT$253,194 the total cost of 9.63%. Underestimated the annual cost of equipment for fluorescent NT$259,704 of the total cost of 9.88%, administrative costs of overvalued NT$101,322 per year, 3.85% of total costs, marketing management over-estimated the annual cost of NT$88,634, the total cost of 3.37%. In the data integration process, the project of ABC cost-sharing, Analysis of the average annual operating cost of each work order is NT$222. Categories of facilities, the smoke extraction system average operating costs NT$1,351 per work order, higher than 6 times the average operating cost. The generator facilities, operating costs NT$504 per work order, marketing management single work order costing an average of NT$457, an average of sewage waste water treatment work order job cost NT$453, sewage waste water pump single work order costing an average of NT$423, mainly because the repair of these types of equipment failure by the use of call time and higher maintenance manpower. To job centers, the fire-fighting facilities center average costing NT$330 per work order. Drainage works an average of one single work costing NT$288. In addition, the average operating cost analysis of each work, the average annual cost of NT$ 225 per working hour. Categories of facilities, the average working hours in order to exhaust system NT$482, 2 times the total cost of the average working hours. Air conditioning cost of NT$324 per hours, fluorescent cost of NT$285 per hours, as a failure of the Community Facilities Management Committee outsourcing maintenance, repair work order cost calculation reference. ABC costing system can be clearly assessed operating costs and provide detailed cost management unit ownership and staffing information; use of ABC costing and integrated the results of the process, assistance and focus on enhancing practitioners to determine the fault and the ability to solve problems; provides property, facilities maintenance and management industry, the use of the form used in this study and the process of apportionment, according to the company to adjust a set of simple and inexpensive structure ABC activity-based costing model, in terms of cost-sharing and offer a more complete cost information.
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CHEN, TO-WEI, and 陳多偉. "Building a Management and Integrated System for Operation Room." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5wpbcz.
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碩士國立臺北商業大學
國際商務系碩士班
106
With the advance of medical technology, traditional surgery has failed to meet the demand. The current stage of surgery has been towards a more advanced minimally invasive surgery(MIS). Different from the traditional open surgery, MIS can be faster, safer, and reduce recovery time. MIS only minor wounds but no unnecessary wounds. This is also a painless operation with precise control of the operation time and minimal blood loss. Currently, there are many medical devices in the operating room for MIS. Various types of imaging equipment in the operating room need to be integrated and managed. The study will design an operating room image integration system based on the images provided by the existing imaging equipment in the operating room. We use a variety of hardware and software equipment to plan and build the system. We will build the system with Stage-Gate and V-Model. And we will use Microsoft operating system platform for development. The purpose is to optimize the presentation of operating room images, to continuously improve the understanding of the surgical team, thereby enhancing the quality of surgery.
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Kundu, Rajib. "Smart Operation of Centralized Temperature Control System in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7568.
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Smart Grid has emerged a very important concept in modern power systems. The integration of different loads such as residential, commercial and industrial into the smart grid and their optimal operation has a significant effect on the system's reliability, stability, peak power demand and energy price.
This work presents the mathematical modeling of a Centralized Temperature Control System (CTCS) of a Multi-Unit Residential Building (MURB) and its optimal operation considering electricity prices and weather variations. The model considers comfort levels, preference settings and activity of residents in different units of the building to determine the optimal operation schedules of the CTCS, minimizing its total energy consumption cost. Multi-objective operation of the MURB is also investigated when residents in different units have conflicting interests, and the impact of such conflicting preferences on the operation of CTCS is analyzed. A case-study on optimal energy management of a single unit house considering net-metering is also presented.
The proposed CTCS model is a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programing (MINLP) model, where some of the constraints are linearized to reduce the computational complexity arising from the non-linearity, for real-time applications. The model is studied for various customers' preferences using a realistic MURB model. Simulation results show that significant cost savings can be achieved using the proposed mathematical model.
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Lee, Kwang Ho. "Configuration and operating condition design analysis of SOFC systems for building applications /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3314833.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-05, Section: A, page: 1572. Adviser: Richard K. Strand. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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"Adaptive Operation Decisions for a System of Smart Buildings." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15032.
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abstract: Buildings (approximately half commercial and half residential) consume over 70% of the electricity among all the consumption units in the United States. Buildings are also responsible for approximately 40% of CO2 emissions, which is more than any other industry sectors. As a result, the initiative smart building which aims to not only manage electrical consumption in an efficient way but also reduce the damaging effect of greenhouse gases on the environment has been launched. Another important technology being promoted by government agencies is the smart grid which manages energy usage across a wide range of buildings in an effort to reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. As a great amount of efforts have been devoted to these two initiatives by either exploring the smart grid designs or developing technologies for smart buildings, the research studying how the smart buildings and smart grid coordinate thus more efficiently use the energy is currently lacking. In this dissertation, a "system-of-system" approach is employed to develop an integrated building model which consists a number of buildings (building cluster) interacting with smart grid. The buildings can function as both energy consumption unit as well as energy generation/storage unit. Memetic Algorithm (MA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based decision framework are developed for building operation decisions. In addition, Particle Filter (PF) is explored as a mean for fusing online sensor and meter data so adaptive decision could be made in responding to dynamic environment. The dissertation is divided into three inter-connected research components. First, an integrated building energy model including building consumption, storage, generation sub-systems for the building cluster is developed. Then a bi-level Memetic Algorithm (MA) based decentralized decision framework is developed to identify the Pareto optimal operation strategies for the building cluster. The Pareto solutions not only enable multiple dimensional tradeoff analysis, but also provide valuable insight for determining pricing mechanisms and power grid capacity. Secondly, a multi-objective PSO based decision framework is developed to reduce the computational effort of the MA based decision framework without scarifying accuracy. With the improved performance, the decision time scale could be refined to make it capable for hourly operation decisions. Finally, by integrating the multi-objective PSO based decision framework with PF, an adaptive framework is developed for adaptive operation decisions for smart building cluster. The adaptive framework not only enables me to develop a high fidelity decision model but also enables the building cluster to respond to the dynamics and uncertainties inherent in the system.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Industrial Engineering 2012
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Li, Shan-Jen, and 李膳任. "The Model Building of Military Logistic System – A Case of Area Operations." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y834pf.
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碩士國防大學
資源管理及決策研究所
102
Republic of China (ROC) Quadrennial Defense Review 2013 points out that future military logistic organization will expand contractor and human-resource outsourcing to release the logistic quota for cooperating the actuation of the defense policy. Therefore, under the actuation of this policy, it must effect the achievement of logistic goal after the battle. This research is using the Goal Programming Method of Operations Research to build the Model Of Military Logistic System - A Case Of Area Operations, and follow minatory principle standard making twelve battle scenario situations to investigate the affection of three compositions: the requirement of Battle Groups, the goal of stock storage and the power of transportation of the battle; the building model function is able to command different Supply Transportation decisions for the policymaker based on different battle situations to calculate the best car distribution of the whole goal. The building model function is able to command different priority of Supply Transportation decision goals for the policymaker based on different battle situations to analyze the accomplishment of these three goals and also is able to calculate the best car distribution of the whole target. The building model function will be able to provide the military relation units to determine and use in the future.
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Chou, Chia-Ching, and 周家慶. "Risk-based Drought Early Warning System in Reservoir Operation and Its Building of Decision Support System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48534786045414631703.
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YANG, CHIA-EN, and 楊佳恩. "The Research of BIM Cloud Visualization System Applying to the Building Smart Operation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7bhayy.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
建築碩士在職學位學程
106
Buildings have play an important role between human and environment for a long time. Facing the threat of climate of extremity and uncertainty, how to balance between growing of human-friendly demands and eco-friendly demands has become more and more important issues in the field of building maintenance nowadays. The goals of building operation has changed the optimization and integration of building systems into the unique using pattern and context of building. The metadata database of using pattern and building context is necessary to analysis and correspond the balance between human and environment, additionally, by the way of information visualization, the decision support system can be applied. In addition, the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and cloud management system is the key to make the smart operation practical. “the research of BIM cloud visualization system applying to the building smart operation” are purpose to discuss the ability of modern building intelligent operation and maintenance. In this research, the infrastructure of smart operation is the key issue. Through all the discover and research of all aspects and technologies, the feasibility of its theory can be verified. This research concludes the value of spatial decision support systems in modern smart building maintenance. They can optimize the performance of buildings, but also play the key role to balance human beings and environment.
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Huang, Shih-Jie, and 黃仕傑. "Research of Building Expert Energy-saving Operation Management Service Platform of Air-conditioning System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65544873282717469353.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
研發科技與資訊管理研究所
99
Currently, the global warming and energy problems have become more and more serious. The percentage of energy consumption of air conditioning is getting higher. When air-conditioning equipments have situation, without experts’ knowledge, technique and monitoring, consumers’ prompt checking and repairing to the air conditioning equipments have caused more serious energy consumption of air conditioning. Over the passed few years, the development of “Green Energy” has become an international trend. Seeing the impacts of the environmental changes, the influence of energy consumption and the tendency of the development of green energy, we combine the building air conditioning system with the concept of cloud services and the expert energy-saving operation management system controlling technology to decrease the energy consumption of air conditioning equipments in buildings and realize the ideal of sustainable development of the environment. Therefore, we made initial development assessment to the import of the expert energy saving operation management service platform to air conditioning equipments to find out whether there are better results in saving energy and understand the possibility to develop the technology. This research has established a study construction with relevant documents to make the application of the expert energy-saving operation management service platform of air conditioning system by collecting, analyzing and summarizing the information on hand. In the final conclusion of the research, we know that through the import of the expert energy-saving operation management service platform to the green energy air conditioning equipments, it is able to enhance customer satisfaction, increase maintenance efficiency and help to make sure the goals of low population and zero energy consumption in the development of the environment.
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Al-Hussein, Maria. "An information model to support maintenance and operation management of building mechanical systems." Thesis, 2000. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1305/1/MQ59293.pdf.
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This thesis presents an information model developed to represent, organize, and link information essential to maintenance and operation management, a facility management function. It first describes the facility management domain and identifies facility information as a primary element to sustain the decision-making process. Then it discusses the need for open communication channels to allow information exchange throughout facility's life-cycle phases, reviews several models addressing information integration, and introduces a framework, which ensures interoperability within different facility management functions. The proposed information model focuses on the information describing building mechanical systems and utilizes object-oriented modeling language. To validate the information model, a prototype is implemented and a real case-study is investigated to provide data and to demonstrate how the research relates to practice.
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Chen, Yuxiang. "Methodology for Design and Operation of Active Building-Integrated Thermal Energy Storage Systems." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977801/1/Chen_PhD_F2013.pdf.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) systems that are part of the building fabric and are exposed to room air can be described as building-integrated thermal energy storage (BITES) systems. BITES systems with appropriate space conditioning strategies can significantly improve the thermal performance of buildings. The present study focuses on active BITES systems, which embody controllable internal charge/discharge system. Thermal energy can be stored and released in an appropriate manner to control zone temperature for improved comfort and energy performance.
To assist the design and control analysis of active BITES systems, methodologies are first developed for three numerical modeling approaches: time domain lumped-parameter finite difference model, frequency domain analytical model and regression model. The regression model is demonstrated for the charge control of active BITES cooling using outdoor cool air. A frequency domain methodology is presented with guidelines for the design and operation of active BITES systems that facilitate primary space conditioning with low operating energy, relatively flat power demand, and improved thermal comfort. Three key factors considered by the methodology are as follows: sufficient thermal coupling between the BITES systems and their thermal zones, integration of design and operation, and integration of thermal and structural designs. A heuristic approach based on building physics is suggested for establishing a near-optimal room air temperature set-profile. Dynamic response of active systems derived from their frequency domain transfer functions are used to enhance the set-profile. Using the set-profile and corresponding space conditioning load profile as inputs, the charge and discharge rates for the active BITES can be predicted over a desired time horizon. A bounding-condition-based design approach is presented. Finally, a procedure for the integration of structural and thermal designs is demonstrated with focus on ventilated BITES systems using standard structural components and their variations. The methodology and guidelines are general and applicable to different BITES systems and different buildings with different thermal and structural loads.