Relevant bibliographies by topics / Building materials – Surfaces

Academic literature on the topic 'Building materials – Surfaces'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Building materials – Surfaces"

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Juhasova Senitkova, Ingrid. "Interior Materials Combination and Perceived Indoor Air Quality." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927903001.

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The materials used in the buildings, either as surface structural materials or as furnishings, are mostly the sources of indoor air pollution. Interior surfaces are generally accepted as the main source of indoor TVOCs emissions. The poor indoor microclimate quality can cause the sick building syndrome, as well as negatively affects the people activities and wellbeing. In recent years the needs of indoor air quality and building performance improvement have been increasing. The indoor materials impact on perceived indoor air quality for various surface interior materials and its combination was studied within this paper. Traditional and progressive materials comparison reveals new fact regarding the TVOCs concentration. The task of the study was to investigate the possibility using individual material surfaces sorption ability. The chemical analysis and sensory assessments identifies health adverse of indoor air pollutants (TVOCs). Also we can use knowledge about the targeted use of sorption effect already in the building design phase. The results demonstrate the various sorption abilities of various indoor materials as well as various sorption ability of the same indoor material in various combinations.
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Zulfiqar, Usama, Muhammad Awais, Syed Zajif Hussain, Irshad Hussain, S. Wilayat Husain, and Tayyab Subhani. "Durable and self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces for building materials." Materials Letters 192 (April 2017): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.01.070.

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Raspopoulos, M., and S. Stavrou. "Frequency selective surfaces on building materials – air gap impact." Electronics Letters 43, no. 13 (2007): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20071126.

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Ekmanis, J., V. Zebergs, N. Zeltins, and V. Vrublevski. "Thermal Characteristics of New Building Materials and their Effect upon the Energy Efficiency." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-008-0014-6.

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Thermal Characteristics of New Building Materials and their Effect upon the Energy Efficiency The paper formulates the role of thermal inertia of the building materials in the energy supply of buildings and in solution of the energy efficiency problems. The evolution of construction entails the application of new building materials as well as of glazed surfaces in the envelopes of buildings. An analysis is made of the influence of the thermal resistance of building materials and their heat capacity on the thermal inertia indicators of buildings. An inertia scale of buildings has been developed for the choice of the heat supply capacities of buildings at low outdoor temperatures under extreme conditions of the Latvian climate. The ratio of the ventilation capacities has been analysed in the total heating balance at a low thermal inertia of buildings. The significance of innovative ventilation technologies for raising the energy efficiency has been considered.
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Bartlett, D. J. "The performance of building materials in australia." Journal of Coatings Technology 70, no. 10 (October 1998): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02730087.

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Kuzmichev, Andrey A., Valery N. Azarov, and Alexander V. Kuzmichev. "The Effect of Atmospheric Pollution on Building Materials in the Urban Environment." Journal of Materials and Applications 9, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jma.2020.9.2.70.

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Nowadays atmospheric pollution affects not only the urban environment in general, but building materials, which leads to their corrosion, in particular. The article discusses the regularities of the adhesion process of particulate matter (dust) on the vertical surfaces of buildings and structures, which are made of various building materials. On the basis of experimental studies, regression dependences of the adhesion of urban dust on different vertical surfaces from random determining factors were obtained. Thus, by studying the regularities of pollution of urban environment objects, made of various building materials, it is possible to achieve their preservation, since they demonstrate the architectural and design features of various historical periods of the country's development.
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Barreira, Eva, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida, and Maria L. Simões. "Emissivity of Building Materials for Infrared Measurements." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21061961.

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Infrared thermography (IRT) is a technique increasingly used in building inspection. If in many applications it is sufficient to analyze the thermal patterns, others exist in which the exact determination of the surface temperature is a fundamental aspect. In these circumstances, the emissivity of the surfaces assumes special relevance, being probably the most important property in the definition of the boundary conditions. However, information on the uncertainty involved in its measurement, as well as the conditions that influence it, is scarce. This article presents an innovative contribution both to the characterization of the emissivity of various construction materials, and to the discussion of emissivity measurement procedures and the attendant uncertainty. In this sense, three experimental campaigns were carried out: T.I, preliminary tests to assess the initial conditions required for an accurate IRT measurement of the emissivity (reference tape and position of the camera); T.II, assessment of the emissivity of nine different building materials, in dry conditions, using the emissometer and the IRT and black tape methods; and T.III, assessment of the emissivity of three materials during the drying process. The results confirmed that emissivity is a crucial parameter for the accurate measurement of surface temperature. Emissivity measurements carried out with IRT (black tape method) and with the emissometer returned meaningful differences when compared with the values available in the literature. This disagreement led to surface temperature differences of up to 7 °C (emissometer versus reference values). This research also highlighted that the moisture content of the materials influences the emissivity values, with fluctuations that can be greater than 10%, and that the effect of moisture is visible even for low values of moisture content.
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Mosquera, Maria J., Luis A. M. Carrascosa, and Nabil Badreldin. "Producing superhydrophobic/oleophobic coatings on Cultural Heritage building materials." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0404.

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AbstractWater is the main vehicle of decay agents in Cultural Heritage building materials exposed to weathering. In this work, a simple method to produce superhydrophobic/oleophobic coatings building materials, including under outdoors conditions, has been developed. In addition, a study of the behavior of the developed coatings on different substrates (limestone, granite, concrete and wood) is reported. The addition of 40 nm-SiO2nanoparticles to a fluoroalkylsilane reduces surface energy and produces a Cassie-Baxter surface in all the materials evaluated. It promotes high static contact angle values of around 160°, and a contact angle hysteresis of around 3°, giving rise to repellence. The building surfaces also demonstrate an excellent self-cleaning performance. The coatings maintain the building materials esthetics as required in the Cultural Heritage field. Finally, the coating presents a long-lasting performance due to condensation reactions producing effective grafting to the four building materials evaluated.
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Volkova, S. N., A. V. Shleenko, V. V. Morozova, and E. E. Sivak. "Analysis of Linear Surfaces of Building Structures." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 24, no. 3 (December 6, 2020): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2020-24-3-111-120.

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Purpose of reseach is to analyze the practice in the application of surfaces formed by the movement of a straight line. It is known that among the second-order surfaces cones, cylinders, hyperboloids of one sheet and hyperbolic paraboloids, as well as lines represented in the polar coordinate system in the form of intricate shapes that can be represented in space by the above-mentioned surfaces, adding a third dimension, have rectilinear generators. The strength resulting from covering each point of the listed surfaces with straight lines from different families does not make the structure heavier but strengthens it and makes it light compared to monoliths without reinforcements made of other materials, in which stability is not based on Shukhov calculation formulas. Methods Finding families of rectilinear generators for second-order surfaces calculation of which is based on the separation of equations that represent a second-order surface as a difference of squares in one part of the equation and as a product with an arbitrary parameter in the other part. Results. Analyzing second-order surfaces, we came to the conclusion that cones, cylinders are prone to this method of Shukhov calculations; equation of the form F (x,y)=0 in space defines a cylindrical surface whose generators are parallel to axis oz. Similarly, F (x, z)=0 defines a cylindrical surface with generators parallel to axis oy and F (y;z)=0 is a cylindrical surface with generators parallel to axis ox. A hyperboloid of one sheet, hyperbolic paraboloid, i.e. 10 surfaces out of 14, make up more than 70%. Conclusion. As a result of applying these formulas for calculating reinforced building structures, city buildings will acquire a new appearance, which will create a comfortable environment for residents, as well as lead to saving construction material resources.
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Rempel, Alan W., and Alexandra R. Rempel. "Frost Resilience of Stabilized Earth Building Materials." Geosciences 9, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9080328.

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Earth-based building materials are increasingly valued in green design for their low embodied energy, humidity-buffering ability, and thermal stability. These materials perform well in warm dry climates, but greater understanding of long-term durability is needed for successful adoption in colder and/or wetter climates. The presence of stabilizers dramatically improves resistance to surface erosion from wind and rain, compared to unstabilized adobe and cob counterparts, and the influences of soil composition, fiber type, and diverse binders, on rain and wind surface erosion have been investigated in detail. Frost and freeze-thaw resistance, however, have been less well-studied, despite strong interest in stabilized earth materials in northern North America, Europe, and Asia. In particular, recent studies have relied on a widespread misunderstanding of the mechanism by which frost damage occurs in porous materials that will impede efforts to create valid models for material design and improvement. In addition, the influence of radiative thermal stresses on wall surfaces has been overlooked in favor of focus on ambient air temperatures. Here, we apply contemporary understanding of cracking by segregated ice growth to develop a macroscopic damage index that enables comparison between performance of different materials subject to different weather patterns. An examination of predicted damage patterns for two stabilized earth building materials and two conventional materials in twelve cities over two time periods reveals the dominant factors that govern frost vulnerability. We find that the frost resilience of earth building materials is comparable to that of the conventional materials we examined, and that assessments that neglect expected variations in water content by assuming full saturation are likely to yield misleading results. Over recent years, increased winter temperatures in several cities we examined predict reduced material vulnerability to frost damage, but we also find that accompanying increases in humidity levels have made some cities much more vulnerable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Building materials – Surfaces"

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Dhotel, Alexandre. "Molecular Flexibility of Self-Assembled Systems: Effects of Building Block Polarity." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958354.

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L'auto-assemblage moléculaire est désormais considéré comme l'une des approches les plus prometteuses pour la conception de matériaux à nanostructures complexes. Cependant, les récents progrès effectués ont aussi amené la nécessité d'améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes régissant la flexibilité des molécules. Il a ainsi été décidé d'étudier l'effet de la composition des briques moléculaires sur leur processus d'assemblage, et la labilité structurale des systèmes assemblés. De manière à pouvoir comparer rigoureusement les résultats expérimentaux, un seule morphologie de briques moléculaires, en forme de "bâtonnet", a été choisie et trois groupes distincts de molécules ont été sélectionnés : non-polaires, qui ne possèdent pas de dipôle important, monofonctionelles, lesquelles possèdent une terminaison polaire et une seconde non-polaire, et bifonctionelles, constituées d'un groupe polaire à chaque extrémité séparés par une chaine non-polaire Ainsi, l'influence des groupements dipolaires sur la labilité de la nanostructure finale du matériau a pu être explorée. Cette étude permet ainsi de mettre en exergue la remarquable diversité des flexibilités structurales qui peuvent être rencontrées dans les systèmes auto-assemblés. De plus, elle dévoile le potentiel des mouvements moléculaires locaux en tant qu'approche encourageante pour fonctionnaliser des structures auto-assemblées supposées inertes ou contraintes.
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Ho, Joseph Chi-Chen 1975. "Surface space : digital manufacturing techniques and emergent building material." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67170.

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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76).
This thesis explores tectonic possibilities of new material and forming techniques. The design process is catalyzed by experimenting different configurations of the material.This project attempts to develop inventive ways to use polymeric material. Incorporating both digital and hand based tools, the project will focus on the process of casting and molding polyurethane based rubber. Instead of looking at the macro level of a building, the thesis should be viewed as a research based project that investigates assemblies at the domain of building surface. Based on this premise, the goal is to find how the tectonic expression at the scale of architectural details can inspire creative use of the material. The framework of this thesis should be regarded as an open-ended process of discovery. Future research and innovation can be continued with respect to similar focus. The goal of this thesis is to engage design problems from innovations of material and techniques.
Joseph Chi-Chen Ho.
M.Arch.
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Grover, David Klein Weibust. "Surface Gas Permeability of Porous Building Materials: Measurement, Analysis and Applications." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/266.

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In many events affecting our civil infrastructure, such as contamination or weathering, it is likely that only the surfaces of the affected building materials will be available for non-destructive measurements. In this work, we describe and analyze surface gas permeability measurements on a variety of natural and engineered building materials using two types of relatively new, non-destructive surface permeameters. It is shown that the surface gas permeability measurements correlate well with each other and could provide rapid estimates of macroscopic gas permeability and degradation of materials due to weathering. It is hypothesized that surface permeability can be used to predict macroscopic wicking of water. The results indicated that macroscopic wicking correlated reasonably well with surface permeability measurements of uniform materials with low permeabilities such as sandstones and clay brick.
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Çıkış, Dilaver Turgut Günaydın H. Murat. "The Evolution And Change Of Building Facades: A Research For Developing Alternative Composite Surface Materials/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarlik/T000619.pdf.

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Malekzadeh, Fatemeh. "Integration of Phase Change Materials in Commercial Buildings for Thermal Regulation and Energy Efficiency." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603534.

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One of prospective procedures of absorbing thermal energy and releasing it during the required time is the application of phase change materials known as PCMs in building envelopes. High thermal energy storage (TES) materials has been a technology that effects the energy efficiency of a building by contributing in using onsite resources and reducing cooling or heating loads. Currently, many TES systems are emerging and contributing in building assemblies, however using an appropriate type of TES in a specific building and climate requires an in-depth knowledge of their properties. This research aims to provide a thorough review of a broad range of thermal energy storage technologies including their potential application in buildings. Subsequently, a comparative study and simulation between a basecase and an optimized model by PCM is thoroughly considered to understand the effect of high thermal storage building's shell on energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort. Specifically this study proposes that the incorporation of PCM into glazing system as a high thermal capacity system will improve windows thermal performance and thermal capacity to varying climatic conditions. The generated results by eQUEST energy modeling software demonstrates approximately 25% reduction in cooling loads during the summer and 10% reduction in heating loads during the winter for optimized office building by PCM in hot arid climate of Arizona. Besides, using PCM in glazing system will reduce heat gain through the windows by conduction phenomenon. The hourly results indicates the effect of PCM as a thermal energy storage system in building envelopes for building's energy efficiency and thermal regulation. However, several problems need to be tackled before LHTES can reliably and practically be applied. We conclude with some suggestions for future work.
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Wollmann, Philipp, Matthias Leistner, Ulrich Stoeck, Ronny Grünker, Kristina Gedrich, Nicole Klein, Oliver Throl, et al. "High-throughput screening: speeding up porous materials discovery." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138648.

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A new tool (Infrasorb-12) for the screening of porosity is described, identifying high surface area materials in a very short time with high accuracy. Further, an example for the application of the tool in the discovery of new cobalt-based metal–organic frameworks is given
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Yin, Quanyi. "Thiol-para-fluoro modified PPFS as building blocks for the design of silica-based nanocomposite and layer by layer self-assembled thin films." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI025/document.

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Ce travail de thèse décrit la préparation de deux types de films de polymères : i) des films nanocomposites à base de silice pyrogénée aux propriétés superhydrophobes et ii) des films LbL auto-assemblés, incluant tous deux des dérivés de poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentaflurostyrene) (PPFS), utilisés comme briques élémentaires. La stratégie utilisée ici consiste à exploiter les nombreux avantages que présente la réaction de substitution du fluor en position para du PPFS avec un thiol, pour générer de nouveaux dérivés aux propriétés ajustables. Ainsi, le premier volet de la thèse a consisté à introduire des chaînes de PPFS de façon covalente à la surface de silice pyrogénée par une stratégie dite de «grafting through» en utilisant la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par le voir nitroxydes, en présence de PS-DEPN comme macroamorceur. La cinétique de polymérisation du PFS avec et sans particules silice a été étudiée dans divers solvants, différentes particules hybrides de silices modifiées en surface par une couronne de PPFS ont été préparé. Ensuite, un thiol perfluoré (perfluorodecanethiol:PFDT) a été utilisé pour modifier le PPFS, considéré dans ce cadre comme matrice hôte pour la préparation des nanocomposites et pour modifier le PPFS présent à la surface des particules de silice. A partir de là, un large panel de films nanocomposite a été préparé à partir des différentes combinaisons possibles de polymère hôte (PPFS ou PPFS-PFDT) et de charges inorganiques de silice (modifiées par le PPFS ou par le PPFS-PFDT). Les propriétés de mouillabilité ainsi que la morphologie de surface de chaque film ont été analysées et il en résulte que certains films présentent un caractère superhydrophobe. Le deuxième volet de la thèse a porté sur la modification du PPFS par des thiols porteurs de fonctions acide carboxylique, toujours par la réaction de substitution décrite précédemment. Différents dérivés de PPFS carboxylés de DS variés ont été synthétisés. Leur habilité à développer des liaisons hydrogène avec un polymère modèle accepteur de liaison H (la poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP)) a été étudiée. Il en ressort que dépendamment de la nature du solvant, des mélanges miscibles ou des complexes interpolymères ont ensuite été formés. Des solutions de complexes préformés ont été successivement déposées par spin-coating pour construire des films. De plus, des films multicouches LbL stabilisés par des liaisons H entre le PPFS carboxylé et la P4VP ont été élaborés and il a été démontré que la nature du solvant de dépôt, ainsi que le taux de modification du PPFS, impactent fortement le mécanisme de croissance, l’épaisseur du film et les caractéristiques de surface, en termes de topologie et de mouillabilité
This work describes the preparation of two kinds of thin polymer films : i) self-cleaning silica-based (nano)composites films and ii) LbL self-assembling films, both including poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentaflurostyrene) (PPFS) derivatives, as building blocks. The cornerstone of the approach is to exploit the thiol-para fluoro substitution reaction to PPFS chains in order to generate derivatives with tailored properties. In this frame, PPFS chains were anchored onto the surface of vinyl-functionalized fumed silica nanoparticles by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) in presence of PS-DEPN as macro-initiator via a “grafting through” strategy. The kinetics of NMP of PFS were investigated in presence and without silica in various solvents and well-characterized hybrid silica particles containing different polymer grafting weight were declined. Then, perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT) was employed to modify PPFS, considered as the host polymer matrix, and to functionalize PPFS chains tethered to silica particles. A large panel of (nano)composite films from the different possible host matrix/silica particles combinations was prepared. The wettability and the surface morphology of each film were discussed, as a function of the host structure (PPFS or PPFS-PFDT with different DS) and silica (modified with PPFS or PPFS-PFDT), as well as the silica content. It results that superhydrophobic features can be reached. Subsequently, PPFS was modified by using carboxylic acid mercapto modifier via the thiol-para fluoro coupling. Various carboxylated PPFS derivatives differing in the degree of substitution (DS) were prepared and their ability to develop H-bonds in solution with a model strong H-bond acceptor partner (poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP)) was investigated. Dependently on the nature of the solvent, a miscible blend or interpolymer complexes (IPC) were achieved. IPC-containing solutions were used to successfully fabricate spin-assisted films. Furthermore, H-bonds mediated LbL self-assembly multilayer films involving carboxylated PPFS and P4VP were prepared and it was evidenced that the nature of the deposition solvent as well as the extent of the modification (quantified by the DS), impact the growth mechanism, the thickness and the surface features, in terms of topology and wettability
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Wollmann, Philipp, Matthias Leistner, Ulrich Stoeck, Ronny Grünker, Kristina Gedrich, Nicole Klein, Oliver Throl, et al. "High-throughput screening: speeding up porous materials discovery." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27767.

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A new tool (Infrasorb-12) for the screening of porosity is described, identifying high surface area materials in a very short time with high accuracy. Further, an example for the application of the tool in the discovery of new cobalt-based metal–organic frameworks is given.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Edwards, Matthew. "Prediction and control of rolling noise in buildings." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI097.

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Les nouveaux bâtiments dans les zones urbaines sont divisés en zones commerciales et en zones habitables. Les magasins commerciaux se trouvent généralement au rez-de-chaussée, les résidences privées aux étages supérieurs. Cette utilisation a révélé des perturbations critiques dues au bruit généré par les chariots de livraison lorsque les bâtiments sont principalement occupés (par exemple tôt le matin). Ces chariots génèrent des vibrations à basse fréquence (moins de 100 Hz) qui se propagent facilement dans la structure du bâtiment et aux étages supérieurs, perturbant les habitants qui s'y trouvent. Si des travaux ont été réalisés pour étudier le bruit d'impact, peu de recherches ont été menées dans le domaine du bruit de roulement dans les bâtiments. Cette thèse présente un modèle original du bruit de roulement dans les bâtiments, prenant en compte les facteurs d'influence tels que la rugosité de la roue et du sol, les propriétés matérielles de la roue et du sol, la vitesse du chariot, et la charge sur le chariot. Les irrégularités discrètes, telles que les méplats des roues et les joints de sol, sont également prises en compte. Le modèle est capable de saisir les phénomènes physiques présents dans le contact de roulement à l'intérieur, ainsi que d'estimer l'avantage relatif du niveau sonore de l'ajout d'un revêtement de sol à un système de plancher donné. Le modèle peut être utilisé comme un outil pour étudier comment différents systèmes de revêtement de sol (y compris les systèmes multicouches) réagissent à l'excitation par roulement, dans le but de développer des solutions de construction à plusieurs étages qui sont mieux équipées pour combattre ce type de source de bruit
New buildings in urban areas are divided into commercial and residential areas. Commercial stores are generally located on the ground floor, private residences on the upper floors. This use has revealed critical disturbances due to noise generated by delivery carts when buildings are mainly occupied (e.g. early morning). These carts generate low frequency vibrations (less than 100 Hz) which easily propagate through the building structure and to the upper floors, disturbing the residents therein. While work has been done to study impact noise, little research has been done in the area of rolling noise in buildings. This thesis presents an original model for rolling noise in buildings: taking into account the influencing factors such as the roughness of the wheel and floor, the material properties of the wheel and floor, the speed of the trolley, and the load on the trolley. Discrete irregularities, such as wheel flats and floor joints, are also taken into account. The model is capable of capturing the physical phenomena present in the rolling contact indoors, as well as estimating the relative noise benefit of adding a floor covering to a given floor system. The model can be used as a tool to study how different flooring systems (including multi-layer systems) respond to rolling excitation, with the aim of developing multi-story building solutions that are better equipped to combat this type of noise source
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.

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Books on the topic "Building materials – Surfaces"

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Urban pollution and changes to materials and building surfaces. Hackensack, NJ: Imperial College Press, 2016.

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Bowers, Helen. Interior materials & surfaces: The complete guide. Buffalo, N.Y: Firefly, 2005.

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Juracek, Judy A. Surfaces: Visual research for artists, architects, and designers. New York: W.W. Norton, 1996.

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Thermally active surfaces in architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010.

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Composites, surfaces, and software: High performance architecture. New Haven, Conn: Yale School of Architecture, 2010.

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João M. P. Q. Delgado. Hygrothermal Numerical Simulation Tools Applied to Building Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Büyüköztürk, Oral. Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Öchsner, Andreas. Design and Analysis of Materials and Engineering Structures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Partl, Manfred N. Advances in Interlaboratory Testing and Evaluation of Bituminous Materials: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 206-ATB. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Válek, Jan. Historic Mortars: Characterisation, Assessment and Repair. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Building materials – Surfaces"

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Credi, Alberto, Serena Silvi, and Margherita Venturi. "Building Molecular Machines on Surfaces." In The Supramolecular Chemistry of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials, 503–29. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470552704.ch17.

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Faro, Alessandro Lo. "Use of Traditional Materials for the Sustainable Conservation of Built Heritage: An Experience for Plastered Surfaces." In Sustainable Materials in Building Construction, 105–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46800-2_4.

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Hansen, Kurt Kielsgaard, Jean-François Lataste, and Charlotte Thiel. "ND-Methods—From a Surface." In Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures, 193–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_21.

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Nilsson, Lars-Olof. "Moisture in a Substrate Before Surface Covering." In Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures, 229–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_25.

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Ji, Yu-Xia, Mats Boman, Gunnar A. Niklasson, and Claes-Göran Granqvist. "Thermochromics for Energy-Efficient Buildings: Thin Surface Coatings and Nanoparticle Composites." In Nano and Biotech Based Materials for Energy Building Efficiency, 71–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27505-5_4.

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Krus, Martin, Cornelia Fitz, and Klaus Sedlbauer. "Reducing the Risk of Microbial Growth on Insulated Walls by Improving the Properties of the Surface Materials." In Hygrothermal Behavior, Building Pathology and Durability, 1–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31158-1_1.

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Bosch-Roig, Pilar, and Patricia Sanmartín. "Bioremoval of Graffiti in the Context of Current Biocleaning Research." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 175–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_8.

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AbstractSome microorganisms can be used as bioremediation agents, in biocleaning treatments, to remove undesired sulphates, nitrates and organic matter from cultural heritage surfaces. Graffiti materials (mainly spray paints) are now included in the list of materials that can be biocleaned, with studies on this topic being initiated just over 5 years ago. Research on the bioremoval of graffiti is continuing and on a promising track. This chapter reports a critical analysis of studies of the bioremoval of graffiti carried out in recent years, which are compared with similar studies of the removal of salts (mainly nitrates and sulphates) and organic matter conducted in the last thirty years. Likewise, the present challenges and ways of overcoming them are addressed towards developing a complete protocol for the use of bioremediation to remove graffiti, with particular emphasis on the use of the method for cleaning facades and buildings.
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Giovanni, Rizzo, Ercoli Laura, and Megna Bartolomeo. "Evaluation of Accelerated Weathering Effects on the Surface of Two Coloured Sicilian Building Stones." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 959–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_477.

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Liu, Qiang, Kunwei Zeng, Yongjun Liu, Hui Zhu, and Feiling Yang. "Surface Energy Analysis for Study on Biomimetic Materials for Historic Stone Sculptures and Buildings." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 417–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19706-2_54.

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Boone, Justin L., and Elizabeth R. Pugh. "Practical Application of Coupled FEA and CFD Steady State Analysis for the Prediction of Nighttime Building Enclosure Surface Temperatures." In Advances in Hygrothermal Performance of Building Envelopes: Materials, Systems and Simulations, 344–61. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159920160103.

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Conference papers on the topic "Building materials – Surfaces"

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De Graef, B. "Bacterial cleaning of concrete surfaces." In RILEM International Conference on Microbial Impact on Building Materials. RILEM Publications SARL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580184.003.

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Santunione, G., C. Ferrari, A. Muscio, and E. Sgarbi. "On Bio-Deterioration of Solar Reflective Materials: An Innovative Experimental Procedure to Accelerate the Ageing Process of Surfaces." In XV International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. CIMNE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/dbmc.2020.194.

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Vasilenko, Marina, Marina Vasilenko, Elena Goncharova, Elena Goncharova, Yury Rubanov, Yury Rubanov, Yulia Tokach, and Yulia Tokach. "THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315392c8d.

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The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.
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Vasilenko, Marina, Marina Vasilenko, Elena Goncharova, Elena Goncharova, Yury Rubanov, Yury Rubanov, Yulia Tokach, and Yulia Tokach. "THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b942983b288.82436639.

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The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.
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Wawrzeńczyk, Jerzy, Agnieszka Molendowska, and Adam Kłak. "Quantitative assessment of aggregate segregation of hardened self compacted concrete based on 2D image analysis." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.126.

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Self-compacting concrete developed as a material that does not need vibration for compaction has been increasingly being used in routine practice. Successful application of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is difficult to achieve due to increased flowability of the concrete mixture. Segregation of aggregate is one of the major problems during construction and ultimately influences the strength and durability of SCC. A fresh self-compacting concrete with poor segregation resistance can lead to a nonuniform distribution of coarse aggregates in the concrete volume, contributing to blockage of concrete flow, and nonuniform mechanical properties and durability at the hardened concrete. The article presents the unique method for quantitative assessment of aggregate segregation in hardened self-compacted concrete. A digital image analysis procedure using original lighting microscope equipment has been placed to investigate the concrete segregation behavior. The photographs of concrete specimen surfaces were taken to calculate measurements of aggregate volume in concrete. The research results showed that the originally developed attachment and unique aggregate segregation assessment method are useful in laboratory tests and could be used in the on-site application.
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Zwanzig, Stephen D., Yongsheng Lian, and Ellen G. Brehob. "Numerical Simulation of Phase Change Material Composite Wallboard in a Multi-Layered Building Envelope." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89526.

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Residential buildings account for a large portion of total energy consumption in the United States. Residential energy usage can be dramatically reduced by improving the efficiency of building envelope systems. One such method is to incorporate thermally massive construction materials into the building envelope. This benefits building operation by reducing the energy requirement for maintaining thermal comfort, downsizing the AC/heating equipment, and shifting the peak load from the electrical grid. When impregnated or encapsulated into wallboard or concrete systems, phase change materials (PCMs) can greatly enhance their thermal energy storage capacity and effective thermal mass. In this work we numerically study the potential of PCM on energy saving for residential homes. For that purpose we solve the one-dimensional, transient heat equation through the multi-layered building envelope using the Crank-Nicolson discretization scheme. The latent heat storage of the PCM was accounted for with a phase fraction in a latent heat source term. Using this code we examine a PCM composite wallboard incorporated into the walls and roof of a typical residential building across various climate zones. The PCM performance was studied under all seasonal conditions using the latest typical meteorological year (TMY3) data for exterior boundary conditions. Comparisons were made between different PCM wallboard locations. Our work shows that there is an optimized location for PCM placement within building envelope surfaces dependent upon the resistance values between the PCM layer and the exterior boundary conditions. We further identified the energy savings potential by comparing the performance of the PCM wallboard against the performance of a building envelope without PCM. Our study shows that PCM composite wallboard can reduce the energy consumption in summer and winter and can shift the peak electricity load in the summer.
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Simon, Gerold G., Marina Sokcic-Kostic, and Bernhard G. Christ. "The Hanau Land Remediation and Soil Segregation Project." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4976.

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Radioactively contaminated land and its remediation is a growing sector of the Nuclear Business. The contamination is often associated with both naturally occurring and man-made radionuclides. A significant proportion of the waste contains only small amounts or low concentrations of radionuclides, and therefore much of the remediated material can be considered to be for “free release”. It has often not been possible to get adequate specific information on these materials, so a monitoring system is needed for their classification and characterisation. At the former Fuel Fabrication Facility NUKEM-Old in Hanau, Germany, all process equipment and installations were dismantled, building structure surfaces have been decontaminated. After final measurements of building contamination, mainly applying in-situ gamma-spectrometry, and approval for “free release”, or for dumping the material, all buildings were demolished. Since then, an Automated Soil Segregation System is being successfully used for the segregation and measuring of the remaining 20.000 tonnes of radioactively contaminated, or at least suspicious soil material, building foundations and sewerage system components.
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Sarkisian, Mark, Rupa Garai, Benton Johnson, and Chris Horiuchi. "Enhanced Seismic Systems for Mass-Timber Structures." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1149.

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<p>Mass-timber provides numerous benefits in reducing structural material impact on the environment by limiting building embodied carbon. Mass timber from sustainably harvested farms is a renewable material and considered a sink from wood carbon sequestration, and the reduced weight of mass timber framed buildings results in less lateral system and foundation materials.</p><p>Timber’s limited ductility and traditional connections limit applications in high-seismic regions, but a series of novel connections can reliably provide ductility by using friction to dissipate energy, protecting timber elements as they remain essentially elastic. The bolted connections are designed to be easily replaceable after an earthquake and can re-center the building under any residual drift. In these systems, the seemingly incompatible concepts of resilient and sustainable design can be achieved concurrently, using a renewable material for the base material and connections which specifically target faster recovery times.</p><p>The Pin-Fuse® Joint and Link-Fuse™ Joint systems, used in moment resisting timber frames and cross- laminated timber shear walls systems, rely on slipping of pre-tensioned bolts across friction surfaces to simulate material yielding. This paper will review the theory behind the systems, application of the devices in timber structures, and compare enhanced seismic design to conventional design timber buildings.</p>
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Allen, Ashante’, Andrew Cannon, William King, and Samuel Graham. "Flexible Electronic Devices From Hot Embossing Materials Transfer." In ASME 4th Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2005-87068.

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The development of processing methods for flexible electronic devices is seen as an enabling technology for the creation of a new array of semiconductor products. These devices have the potential be low cost, disposable, and can be applied to deformable or non-planar surfaces. While much effort has been put into the development of amorphous silicon and organic semiconductor technology for flexible devices, semiconductor nanomaterials are of interest due to their inherently flexibility, high transport mobilities, and their unique optoelectronic and piezoelectric properties. However, the synthesis of these materials directly onto polymer substrates is not feasible due to the high temperatures or harsh chemical environments under which they are synthesized. This challenge has limited the development of flexible electronics with semiconductor nanomaterial building blocks. A number of techniques which address the manufacturing concerns include solution based processing [1,2] as well as dry transfer techniques [3–5]. In general, dry transfer printing methods carry advantages over solution based processing as the need to address substrate-fluid compatibility is mitigated.
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Xu, Linsen, Jinfu Liu, Jiajun Xu, Xuan Wu, and Shengyao Fan. "Design and Experimental Study of a Bioinspired Wall-Climbing Robot With Multi-Locomotion Modes." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7925.

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In this article, a novel wall-climbing locomotion mechanism, which can adapt multiple wall surfaces is developed to imitate the special animals, such as geckoes or flies. The spiny and adhesive belts are adopted in this robot to implement climbing on different kinds of wall surfaces instead of the vacuum generator for moving quietly and quickly. The switching mechanism is brought out to realize the belts switching between different surfaces, and a tail made up of two torsional springs and a supporting part is designed to overcome the robot’s overturning moment. So the mechanical system of the robot consists of four parts: the power and drive system, the moving mechanisms (spiny and adhesive), the switching system and the tail. Then the virtual prototyping of the robot with multi-locomotion modes is brought out, and the different gaits on the rough surface, the smooth surface and the transition process are analyzed. During the spine gait using the spine belts, the adhesive force should overcome the robot gravity and drive it, so the drive torque can obtained by building the force balance equations of the robot, which include the supporting forces of the spine belts and the tail. During the adhesive gait using the adhesive rubber belts, the force balance equations should include the supporting forces of the adhesive belts and the tail. And during the transition gait, the force balance equations include all of the above forces. So the mechanical model of the robot can be built according to the above analysis. Finally, the experimental prototype of the wall-climbing robot is manufactured and the wall-climbing experiments are carried out to testify its functions. The experiments show that the robot can adapt to different wall surfaces, and the torque parameters obtained based on the dynamics model can ensure the robot to locomote stably.
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Reports on the topic "Building materials – Surfaces"

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Duchene, JoAnn. Human Health Evaluation of Exposures to Indoor Building Surfaces Army Materials Technology Laboratory. Task Order 1. Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada304756.

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Bullock, Christine, Jeffrey J. Whicker, Mary Jo Chastenet, and Michael Mcnaughton. Measurements of alpha and beta radiation from uncontaminated surfaces of common building materials using the RadEye SX with Ludlum 43-93 Probe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477595.

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Mabry, Joseph M., Yvonne Diaz, Sean M. Ramirez, and Timothy S. Haddad. Functional Perfluoroalkyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (F-POSS): Building Blocks for Low Surface Energy Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533422.

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