Relevant bibliographies by topics / Building law – United States

Academic literature on the topic 'Building law – United States'

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Published: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Building law – United States"

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Finnin, Sarah. "UPDATE ON UNITED STATES MILITARY COMMISSIONS." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 10 (December 2007): 198–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135907001985.

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AbstractThis article provides a detailed update on the progress of the United States military commissions under the regime established by the Military Commissions Act of 2006 for the trial of detainees captured during the War on Terror for so-called war crimes. In particular, the author examines the plea and sentencing of Australian detainee David Hicks, the pre-trial developments in the case of Canadian detainee Omar Khadr, and the early litigation involving the detainees who have been dubbed the ‘September 11 co-conspirators’. The author also touches on the Supreme Court decision inHamdanv.Rumsfeld, some of the significant features of the Military Commission Act, the recent federal court litigation in the case ofBoumedienev.Bush, and the construction of the new military commission building at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.
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Correa, Jennifer G., and Joseph M. Simpson. "Building Walls, Destroying Borderlands." Nature and Culture 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2022.170101.

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Checkpoints, barriers, surveillance technologies, and military-police enforcement constitute the current stage of militarization on the United States–Mexico border. Previous literature in environmental sociology and United States–Mexico border studies overlooks how militarization ravages communities through its environmental disruptions. Our aim is to identify what we describe as repertoires of militarization used by the state to facilitate militarized buildup and exacerbate environmental degradation in the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV). We use ethnographic methods, document analysis, and participant observation to reveal three interrelated repertoires that threaten the environment and the peoples who inhabit it—a violation of international treaties, a waiving of environmental laws, and expansionary law enforcement powers.
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Iwama, Janice, Jack McDevitt, and Robert Bieniecki. "Building Bridges Between Researchers and Police Practitioners in Small and Midsize Law Enforcement Agencies in the United States." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 37, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986221999882.

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Although partnerships between researchers and police practitioners have increased over the last few decades in some of the largest police agencies in the United States, very few small agencies have engaged in a partnership with a researcher. Of the 18,000 local police agencies in the United States, small agencies with less than 25 sworn officers make up about three quarters of all police agencies. To support future collaborations between researchers and smaller police agencies, like those in Douglas County, Kansas, this article identifies challenges that researchers can address and explores how these relationships can benefit small police agencies across the United States.
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Buu, Hoang Le. "Transgender rights under us law and experience in building transgender rights in Vietnam." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 3 (2024): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.3.178-181.

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Gender transition is an issue related to individual human rights, both a legal and social issue. For a long time, the rights of transgender people have received attention from many countries around the world. The United States and the Netherlands are two countries where the fight for transgender rights is strong and there are laws regulating gender transition. This article focuses on analyzing the legal provisions of the United States and the Netherlands on the rights of transgender people and suggests some solutions for building and perfecting the law on transgender rights for Vietnam.
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GAMBLE, JOHN KING, and CHRISTINE M. GIULIANO. "US Supreme Court, Medellín v. Texas: More than an Assiduous Building Inspector?" Leiden Journal of International Law 22, no. 1 (March 2009): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156508005670.

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AbstractThe US Supreme Court case of José Ernesto Medellín, Petitioner v. Texas, decided on 25 March 2008, has generally been seen as a US refusal to follow unambiguous treaty provisions. There has not been such a strong reaction to US behaviour relative to specific treaty obligations since the 1992 Alvarez-Machain case. The Supreme Court majority (six votes to three) held that ‘neither Avena nor the President's Memorandum constitutes directly enforceable federal law’. The uncomfortable – and to many illogical – conclusion reached by the Court was that even though Avena is an ‘international law obligation on the part of the United States’, it is not binding law within the United States even in the light of an explicit presidential order. While the result may be disappointing, the case should be understood in the context of a legal system that (i) makes treaties part of ‘the supreme Law of the Land’; (ii) has developed a complicated concept of self-executing treaties; and (iii) can be hesitant to direct states (sub-national units) to follow presidential directives even on matters of foreign policy.
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Jenkins, Jeffery A., and Justin Peck. "Building Toward Major Policy Change: Congressional Action on Civil Rights, 1941–1950." Law and History Review 31, no. 1 (February 2013): 139–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248012000181.

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The mid-1960s witnessed a landmark change in the area of civil rights policy in the United States. After a series of tortuous internal battles, with Southern legislators using all available procedural tools to maintain their states' discriminatory Jim Crow legal systems, the United States Congress adopted two statutes—the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965—which insured civil and political equality for all Americans. The Acts of 1964 and 1965 were the culmination of a decade-long struggle by black Americans to secure the citizenship rights that had been denied to them for more than a half century. Beginning with the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Supreme Court decision, the civil rights movement built momentum, as formal organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) grew in strength and informal (grass roots) organizations spread throughout the South and the Nation. As national public opinion shifted increasingly toward providing new civil rights guarantees for blacks, Congress responded with new legislation: the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (the first civil rights law since 1875), the Civil Rights Act of 1960, and a legislative proposal to prohibit the poll tax in 1962 (which would be ratified by three-quarters of the states in 1964 and become the 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution).
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Johnston, Denis F. "Some Reflections on the United States." Journal of Public Policy 9, no. 4 (October 1989): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00008308.

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In retrospect, I think that the fate that befell the social indicators ‘movement's rich array of economic statistics and related measures were simply inadequate indicators of emerging developments and issues under prevailing conditions of rapid social change and severe social strains. The felt need was for more adequate monitoring and reporting of social conditions and processes – implying a need to develop improved measures of these phenomena, together with expanded data collection capabilities. Thus the dual goals of the social indicators movement were apparent from the start: to establish an improved social reporting capability as soon as possible, and to encourage longer-term research and development in the general area of social, measurement and model-building. It may be helpful, therefore, to consider the outcome of these two efforts separately.
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Sherman, Brad. "Intangible machines: Patent protection for software in the United States." History of Science 57, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275318770781.

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Intellectual property law has been interacting with software for over sixty years. Despite this, the law in this area remains confused and uncertain: this is particularly evident in patent law. Focusing on U.S. patent law from the 1960s through to the mid-1970s, this article argues that a key reason for this confusion relates to the particular way that the subject matter was construed. While the early discussions about subject matter eligibility were framed in terms of the question “is software patentable?”, what was really at stake in these debates was the preliminary ontological question: what is software? Building on work that highlights the competing ways that software was construed by different parts of the information technology industry at the time, the article looks at the particular way that the law responded to these competing interpretations and how in so doing it laid the foundation for the confusion that characterizes the area. When engaging with new types of subject matter, patent law has consistently relied on the relevant techno-scientific communities not only to provide the law with a relatively clear understanding of the nature of the subject matter being considered; they have also provided the means to allow the law to describe, demarcate, and identify that new subject matter. The inherently divided nature of the nascent information technology industry meant that this was not possible. As a result, the law was forced to develop its own way of dealing with the would-be subject matter.
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Kaufman, Bruce E. "The Core Principle and Fundamental Theorem of Industrial Relations." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 23, Issue 1 (March 1, 2007): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2007002.

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This paper describes the original paradigm of industrial relations, as developed in the United States in the early part of the twentieth century. The original paradigm had three faces: science-building, problem-solving, and ethical/ideological. It is argued that the core principle that spans and unites these three faces is rejection of the orthodox economic model of a competitive labour market. This proposition may also be stated as a rejection of the proposition that labour is a commodity. Building on this core principle is the fundamental theorem of industrial relations. It states that a free-market capitalist economic system cannot survive and efficiently perform without the practices and institutions of industrial relations that humanize, stabilize, professionalize, democratize and balance the employment relationship.
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Wang, Lei. "China and the United States in Africa." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 01 (January 2020): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500037.

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China and the United States are among the most important external stakeholders in Africa’s peace, security, and prosperity. The African continent, with some of the world’s fastest-growing economies, an expanding consumer base, and an exploding youth population, has recently witnessed intensifying China-U.S. competition. In economic and trade terms, the United States is playing catch-up as Beijing has long ago overtaken Washington as the continent’s largest trading partner and investor. While China regards Africa’s adherence to the “One China” principle as the only political prerequisite for its engagement with the continent, the United States views greater democracy and rule of law in Africa as in the best interests of both. China’s security presence in Africa pales in comparison with that of the United States, as Washington boasts an extensive network of military bases on the continent while Beijing’s peace and security engagement mainly involves multilateral UN peacekeeping operations and bilateral security cooperation, such as arms sales and training programs. However, growing China-U.S. competition does not necessarily crowd out shared interests or preclude closer coordination in specific areas, for example, market development, infrastructure building, anti-piracy, health capacity-building, and so on. By fending off a senseless ideological contest, respecting each other’s core interests in Africa, accommodating Africans’ development aspirations and security concerns, Beijing and Washington can find more common ground than many believe.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Building law – United States"

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Bull, Carolyn Humanities &amp Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "No entry without strategy : an evaluation of UN transitional administration approaches to building the rule of law in disrupted states." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39526.

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As a mode of intervention in which the UN assumed direct authority over disrupted states, transitional administrations represent unique examples of ambitious state-building projects. This thesis investigates the apparent failure of transitional administrations to establish the rule of law in Cambodia, Kosovo and East Timor. It identifies nine explanatory factors which are tested against each case study. In addition, it seeks to enhance conceptual understandings of the UN???s state-building agenda and to add to empirical studies regarding attempts by external actors to establish the rule of law in disrupted states. Three findings emerge. First, in each case, UN transitional administrations failed in each of the following ways: to make the best use of their mandate; to establish effective state justice institutions; to build local commitment to the rule of law as a value system; to promote social relationships supportive of the rule of law; to ensure sufficient state capacity post-intervention; to maintain adequate levels of security; to address the existence of informal justice structures; to deal with the legacies of the past; and to ensure an adequate level of mission performance. Of these, establishing effective state justice institutions, building local commitment and addressing informal justice structures proved most crucial. Second, the state-based ???enforcement??? approach adopted by transitional administrations proved ineffective. Enacting laws and establishing coercive state structures such as judicial, police and prison services were critical to, but could not be equated with the rule of law. This approach did not account sufficiently for the importance of entrenched informal justice institutions, of the voluntary consent of local actors, or of appropriate institutional design choices. As a result, it did not offer real solutions to real problems faced by local actors. Finally, the UN failed to consider fully how to create an enabling ???space??? in which internal processes of change could occur, to engage appropriately with local actors, to overcome the tyrannies of truncated deployment, or to address these issues at the ???front-end??? of the mission. This ???entry without strategy??? approach to state-building seriously undermined the UN???s ability to establish the rule of law, as the self-declared touchstone of its state-building agenda.
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Vicino, Christopher O. "Building a better mouse trap increasing law enforcement counter terrorism capabilities through consolidation /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FVicino.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita, "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-98). Also available online.
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Jensen, Dennis L. "Enhancing homeland security efforts by building strong relationships between the Muslim community and local law enforcement." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FJensen.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.95-100). Also available online.
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Bonova, Lucia. "The international merger control regime : building cooperation without harmonization." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98603.

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Globalization has had two major implications for national merger control regimes: national competition authorities are called more and more to examine transactions with cross-border dimensions and secondly, domestic business practices may be scrutinized by foreign nations. In light of this, divergent substantive standards have become a source of international friction, notably between the two most mature merger control regimes, the European Union and the United States.
Facing this new reality, it has become clear that some sort of international arrangement will be needed in order to reduce the inefficiencies created by multijurisdictional review. Various proposals have been made, ranging from ambitious ones that would include the creation of an international competition code and enforcement agency, to more realistic proposals of achieving international coordination of merger control regimes through bilateral and multilateral cooperation amongst antitrust agencies.
This thesis argues that the path of large-scale cooperation is the most appropriate way to cope with the problems raised by globalization. As such, cooperation does not imply the harmonization of merger control regimes. The future lies in the hands of the International Competition Network which, despite considerable achievements, must evolve in the near future.
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Meehan, Michael K. "The tools of prevention building prevention and deterrence into exercise programs /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA486358.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2006." "Change in distribution statement for Tools of Prevention: Building Prevention and Deterrence into Exercise Programs -- September 2006." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 17, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119). Also available in print.
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Siddiqui, Shariq Ahmed. "Navigating Identity through Philanthropy: A History of the Islamic Society of North America (1979 - 2008)." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3665939.

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This dissertation analyzes the development of the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), a Muslim-American religious association, from the Iranian Revolution to the inauguration of our nation's first African-American president. This case study of ISNA, the largest Muslim-American organization in North America, examines the organization's institution-building and governance as a way to illustrate Muslim-American civic and religious participation. Using nonprofit research and theory related to issues of diversity, legitimacy, power, and nonprofit governance and management, I challenge misconceptions about ISNA and dispel a number of myths about Muslim Americans and their institutions. In addition, I investigate the experiences of Muslim-Americans as they attempted to translate faith into practice within the framework of the American religious and civic experience. I arrive at three main conclusions. First, because of their incredible diversity, Muslim-Americans are largely cultural pluralists. They draw from each other and our national culture to develop their religious identity and values. Second, a nonprofit association that embraces the values of a liberal democracy by establishing itself as an open organization will include members that may damage the organization's reputation. I argue that ISNA's values should be assessed in light of its programs and actions rather than the views of a small portion of its membership. Reviewing the organization's actions and programs helps us discover a religious association that is centered on American civic and religious values. Third, ISNA's leaders were unable to balance their desire for an open, consensus-based organization with a strong nonprofit management power structure. Effective nonprofit associations need their boards, volunteers and staff to have well-defined roles and authority. ISNA's leaders failed to adopt such a management and governance structure because of their suspicion of an empowered chief executive officer.

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Cutter, David C. "Building Line Officers into Financial Managers : an analysis of the process and reccommendations for improvement /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FCutter.pdf.

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Brookover, Robert. "The resurgence of traditional building trades in the United States." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231400.

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The last quarter of the twentieth century has seen a dramatic growth of interest in the preservation of historic structures. With this has developed the need to bring back many trades that had declined after World War II. Within the past twenty to thirty years these traditional building trades, which are so vitally needed to accurately restore, recreate, preserve, and adaptively reuse these structures, have become a valuable component of the preservation infrastructure. I have elected to study the careers and historically significant work of tradespersons in two selected regions of the United States, in order to illustrate the resurgence of the traditional building trades on a national level. The focus of this work centers on the careers of a group of craftsmen, from their early beginnings in the trades, to their current status as having earned an identity as a professional in their field. Themes appear from the various stages of their careers. These themes are evaluated through different literature published on this subject and through the formation of trade schools and organizations.
Department of Architecture
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Straubel, Michael S. "United States' regulation of commercial space activity." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55691.

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Koo, Gerald M. F. "Foreign equity participation in United States airlines." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55702.

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Books on the topic "Building law – United States"

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Green, Melvyn. Building codes and historic buildings. Washington, D.C: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2005.

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US GOVERNMENT. Codifying Title 40, United States Code--Public Buildings, Property, and Works. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Ribeiro, R. A. Building and engineering contracts: Law and practice. London: Mitchell, 1990.

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Uniform building code compliance manual: 1997 uniform building code. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.

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Green, Melvyn. Building codes for existing and historic buildings. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Adrian, Smith, and Kashiwagi Dean T, eds. Building procurement. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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R, Weston Joshua, ed. Building strategic language ability programs. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.

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Lynd, Staughton. Labor law for the rank & filer: Building solidarity while staying clear of the law. Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2008.

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Lynd, Staughton. Labor law for the rank & filer: Building solidarity while staying clear of the law. 2nd ed. Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2011.

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Hansen, Douglas. Code check building for California: [an illustrated guide to the building code]. [Newtown, CT.]: Taunton Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Building law – United States"

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Michael, Jeffrey P., Leah Shahum, and Jeffrey F. Paniati. "Adoption of Safe Systems in the United States." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 553–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_19.

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AbstractSafe Systems are in early phases of implementation in the US. Adoption of these concepts in the USA has been slower than in a number of other nations, including Sweden, The Netherlands, UK and Australia. Whereas adoption in other nations began as early as the late 1990s, interest in Safe Systems in the USA followed by about a decade. One factor associated with this delay is the success that the USA experienced with public safety and compliance methods, such as high-visibility traffic law enforcement, during the period in which the Safe System movement took hold in other countries.National road safety professional organizations were among the first in the USA to shift toward zero-focused strategies. City and state governments followed and the federal government took steps in this direction after local and state efforts were well underway. By 2020, discussion of Safe Systems was taking place in national professional associations and early steps had been taken toward federal institutional support.Although implementation in the USA is not yet widespread, lessons have been learned in building public and political support for Safe Systems. Managing public expectations regarding short-term safety benefits is likely to be a key to longer-term Safe Systems support. Increased efforts are needed to inform political leaders at the local, state and national levels of the benefits of Safe Systems and Vision Zero as well as additional education for safety practitioners.
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Michael, Jeffrey P., Leah Shahum, and Jeffrey F. Paniati. "Adoption of Safe Systems in the United States." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_19-1.

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AbstractSafe Systems are in early phases of implementation in the US. Adoption of these concepts in the USA has been slower than in a number of other nations, including Sweden, The Netherlands, UK and Australia. Whereas adoption in other nations began as early as the late 1990s, interest in Safe Systems in the USA followed by about a decade. One factor associated with this delay is the success that the USA experienced with public safety and compliance methods, such as high-visibility traffic law enforcement, during the period in which the Safe System movement took hold in other countries.National road safety professional organizations were among the first in the USA to shift toward zero-focused strategies. City and state governments followed and the federal government took steps in this direction after local and state efforts were well underway. By 2020, discussion of Safe Systems was taking place in national professional associations and early steps had been taken toward federal institutional support.Although implementation in the USA is not yet widespread, lessons have been learned in building public and political support for Safe Systems. Managing public expectations regarding short-term safety benefits is likely to be a key to longer-term Safe Systems support. Increased efforts are needed to inform political leaders at the local, state and national levels of the benefits of Safe Systems and Vision Zero as well as additional education for safety practitioners.
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Czachorska-Jones, Barbara, Jay Gary Finkelstein, and Bahareh Samsami. "United States." In International Handbook of Cooperative Law, 759–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30129-2_36.

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Balboni, Paolo. "United States." In Information Technology and Law Series, 65–94. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-493-6_4.

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Wolohan, John. "United States." In ASSER International Sports Law Series, 345–73. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-541-4_19.

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Palmedo, Michael. "United States." In Intellectual Property Law and Access to Medicines, 274–92. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003176602-17.

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Karol, Peter J. "United States." In International Perspectives on Disability Exceptions in Copyright Law and the Visual Arts, 138–53. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2020]: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429342677-15.

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Hunter, Ian, David Saunders, and Dugald Williamson. "United States Obscenity Law." In On Pornography, 198–228. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22417-3_7.

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Suk, Julie C., and Fred L. Morrison. "The United States." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 513–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90068-1_28.

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Ray, Douglas E. "The United States." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 595–618. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16977-0_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Building law – United States"

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Dobashi, Daisuke, Akio Kuroyanagi, and Ryo Sugahara. "Survey Research on Legal System of Floating Residence and on Management of Water Utilization in the United States: Case Study on Seattle, Washington and Sausalito, California." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77835.

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Effective utilization of oceanic space in Japan is just recent compared to U.S. Since the end of 19th century, water utilization and management for residence constructed on lake was promoted in U.S. It is then the aim of this paper to comprehend the laws and regulations for floating residence as well as water utilization and management of United States. Through web survey, each State in United States will be searched if there are existing laws and regulation on floating residence. After searching and reading all conditions of the U.S. States regarding laws and regulation as well as legal positions on floating residence, two states in the west coast of U.S: Seattle in Washington and Sausalito, California are chosen for this study. Floating residence in U.S. are divided into two; the Floating Homes and Houseboats. Floating Homes are handled by law the same with homes built in land while Houseboats are treated as type of ship. The State managing the water will lease it to the private sector, then, building of Floating Home will be carried out. Furthermore, design and construction of Floating Homes follow the building standards of the counties and cities where it will be built.
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Devgun, Jas, Harold Peterson, and Cheryl Trottier. "An Update on Clearance Initiatives in the United States." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4923.

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A number of initiatives have been underway in the United States in the past several years in the area of clearance of solid materials both at the federal level and at the industry and professional society level. Clearance of solid materials is an issue that has significant economic consequences for decommissioning projects where large quantities of such materials are generated. The cost of treating these materials as low-level radioactive waste (LLW) is prohibitive. A regulatory mechanism could remove economic burdens on such projects while maintaining the public health and safety standards. At the federal level major initiatives are being undertaken by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also taken some steps in this area under their Clean Materials Program. In the private sector, the nuclear industry is active through the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI). The Health Physics Society (HPS) prepared the ANSI/HPS N13.12 standard about four years ago, which has been approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The American Nuclear Society (ANS) has recently released a Position Statement on the clearance of licensed materials from nuclear sites and the Society has been active in the national deliberations on this subject. The National Academies (NA) conducted a study for the NRC on alternatives for controlling the release of solid materials and their report was issued in 2002. The steel and concrete industries have also participated in the NRC rulemaking process and are opposed to any release standards for materials that may have residual radioactivity on them. This was clear from industry representatives at the stakeholder workshops conducted by the NRC as a part of the enhanced rulemaking effort. A review of all these initiatives shows the intensity of the debate but it also highlights the need for one national standard, preferably dose based, thus allowing site-specific application through derived radioactivity limits. Thus, interagency cooperation and agreement are necessary at the federal level. Consensus is necessary with standard writing organizations, professional societies, public and other stakeholders. This paper provides an overview of the developments in the United States in the area of clearance of solid materials, a brief comparison to international activities, and a discussion of key points for consensus building that is necessary for any initiative to succeed.
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Derby, Martin P., and Bailey Theriault. "Assessing and Managing Geologic Hazards in the Appalachian Region of the United States." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5328.

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Abstract Geohazards have the potential to adversely affect the operation or integrity of an existing pipeline, or the routing, design, and construction of a proposed pipeline. Identifying, characterizing, evaluating, and if necessary, mitigating and monitoring geologic hazards have become critical steps to successfully and safely building and operating pipelines in the Appalachian Basin region of the United States. The recent, rapid expansion of pipeline construction and operation in the region, along with natural geologic and geographic conditions which are conducive to landsliding and ground subsidence, have resulted in a recent increase in geohazard-related incidences both during and post-construction of pipelines. As such, there is an increasing need to recognize, understand, and closely manage geohazards in this region, prior to, during, and post-construction of pipelines. This paper will provide an overview of essential tools that have proven most useful in this region, to identify, characterize, and ultimately mitigate and monitor potential geohazards. This paper will also provide insight on how to evaluate specific project needs and best-fit approaches and solutions for the project at hand, to reduce the operator’s risk. A case study will be presented from the Appalachian Basin region, including how a phased approach was used to assess and manage geohazards. The phased approach includes (1) Phase I Assessments, which consist of a regional-scale desktop assessment to identify, initially characterize, and qualitatively classify (e.g., low, moderate, high hazards) geohazards; (2) Phase II Assessments, which consist of a non-intrusive ground reconnaissance completed at targeted sites; and (3) Phase III Assessments, which consist of subsurface investigations such as drilling, test pitting, or geophysical surveys to further characterize specific hazards. The information obtained from the phased approach can be used for the design of mitigation and/or monitoring, if deemed necessary. Overall approaches to selecting and utilizing best-fit mitigation and monitoring options, both during and post-construction, fit for the regional conditions and to the individual project, will also be discussed.
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Villa, Daniel, Mark Adams, Aaron Garrett, and Gerald Gallegos. "Live Q&A Session 2 Building Energy Modeling and Hygiene-related HVAC Design: Five Years Later: Second Round Institutional Energy Retrofit Analysis Procedure." In Proposed for presentation at the ASHRAE Winter Conference 2022 held January 29-February 2, 2022 in Las Vegas , NV United States. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1902849.

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Schultz, Joshua A., and Mark R. Muszynski. "Small-scale testing for feasibility of rubblized concrete foundations." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0159.

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<p>Affordable, sustainable housing plays an essential role in providing equal opportunity for individuals within most communities in the United States, (e.g., in the area of eastern Washington State). In particular, a lack of family residences presents a challenge for the City of Spokane, and low-income residents. Moreover, building materials reuse is an important sustainability issue and concrete waste from demolition of residential buildings presents a challenge. This paper presents preliminary results for development of rubblized concrete foundations. Initial tests were conducted on scaled pseudo-soil/concrete materials to observe the relative stiffness of the proposed system for potential use in planning subsequent phases of testing, including full-scale testing. Initial results of this early testing confirms that a reinforced rubblized footing will likely have an overall stiffness (in terms of response to loading) that is measurably less than that of a conventional reinforced concrete footing.</p><p><br clear="none"/></p>
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Schultz, Joshua A., and Mark R. Muszynski. "Small-scale testing for feasibility of rubblized concrete foundations." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0159.

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<p>Affordable, sustainable housing plays an essential role in providing equal opportunity for individuals within most communities in the United States, (e.g., in the area of eastern Washington State). In particular, a lack of family residences presents a challenge for the City of Spokane, and low-income residents. Moreover, building materials reuse is an important sustainability issue and concrete waste from demolition of residential buildings presents a challenge. This paper presents preliminary results for development of rubblized concrete foundations. Initial tests were conducted on scaled pseudo-soil/concrete materials to observe the relative stiffness of the proposed system for potential use in planning subsequent phases of testing, including full-scale testing. Initial results of this early testing confirms that a reinforced rubblized footing will likely have an overall stiffness (in terms of response to loading) that is measurably less than that of a conventional reinforced concrete footing.</p><p><br clear="none"/></p>
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Bawden, Kim, Valentina Prado, Thomas P. Seager, Abigail R. Mechtenberg, and Erin Bennett. "Ultra-Low Energy Army Installations." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5074.

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The concept of energy conservation is now deeply entrenched in building design and operation. Typical approaches take a first law perspective that seeks to reduce energy quantity losses at individual system components. While this conventional approach often results in energy savings, it is not sufficient to realize ultra-low energy communities. However, the concept of energy quality, which derives from the second law of thermodynamics, is capable of more holistic, systems analyses, revealing opportunities for efficiency improvement, energy quality matching, or energy cascading that may otherwise go unnoticed. This paper makes two cross-comparisons of analytic perspectives for understanding energy consumption in different types of Army communities. The first is a comparison of first and second law perspectives of energy improvement technologies at a permanent Army base in the United States. The second is a comparison of electricity generation efficiencies at forward operating bases under conditions that do not consider supply chain fuel consumption and those that do. Considerable differences exist in the conclusions and recommendations that are generated by the different perspectives in each case. In the permanent community, second law analysis is useful for demonstrating the value of combined heat and power at an existing heating district. In the second case, the consumption of fuel in long convoys suggests that delivery of energy equipment (such as solar panels) is in itself an important source of fuel consumption that should be considered in optimization of solar energy technologies.
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Polgolla, A. M. C. K., H. M. D. P. Herath, M. D. A. Wickramasinghe, M. A. Wijewardane, and R. A. C. P. Ranasinghe. "Investigation on the Effect of Different Channel Geometries of Thermal Wheel for Energy Transfer Efficiency." In ERU Symposium 2021. Engineering Research Unit (ERU), University of Moratuwa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/eru.2021.9.

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Inside buildings, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems are utilized to provide a comfortable environment. However, they account for a significant percentage of overall total energy consumption: in the United States, they account for about 50% of building final energy consumption and 20% of total energy consumption. [1]. The installation of a heat exchanger between the exhaust and fresh air streams is critical, owing to the significant energy savings. [2], [3]. Thermal wheels have recently gotten a lot of attention because of their high efficiency and low-pressure loss when compared to other energy recovery solutions [4]. The goal of this research is to give a comprehensive study and optimization of Thermal wheel design, with the goal of enhancing sensible effectiveness while reducing pressure loss based on channel shape.
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Hu, Yang, Laura A. Schaefer, and Volker Hartkopf. "Life Cycle Energy and Exergy Analysis for Building Cooling Systems: A Comparison Between a Solar Driven Absorption Chiller and an Electric Driven Chiller." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54737.

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Buildings in the United States utilize 39% of the primary energy, and more than 60% of that energy consumption is provided for heating and cooling in buildings. Most of the heating and cooling systems commercially available in the market today are driven by electricity and natural gas, which are high exergy resources, while the operating temperature in the building from a year-round perspective is closer to the reference environmental temperature. Thus, from a thermodynamic point of view, there exists a gap between the high exergy resources/supply and low exergy application/demand in buildings. This paper extends the traditional means of energy comparison between solar driven absorption chillers and electric driven chillers. A life cycle energy and exergy analysis is developed with the assumption that the fossil fuel for electricity generation is a different form of storing solar energy in the long run. Thus, both the systems are driven by solar energy, and the only difference is that the solar absorption chiller is an instantaneous solar energy utilization, while the electricity chiller utilizes the stored solar energy. A simple absorption chiller model is developed, and is calibrated using a paper published by the Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics in Carnegie Mellon University, using a 4-ton 2-stage absorption chiller provided by Broad Air Conditioning. The energy and exergetic efficiencies in each process are analyzed and provided in the two systems. This paper is useful in understanding the fundamental life cycle energy and exergy in chiller applications for building cooling.
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Keller, Michael F. "Nuclear Power and Coal: An Unexpected Marriage." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27230.

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America possesses hundreds of years of low-cost coal resources that are becoming increasingly unpopular due to climate-change concerns. The promise of the nuclear gas reactor also remains out-of-reach as a result of technical and cost considerations, while the high cost of conventional nuclear power greatly hampers the building of new facilities. Hybrid-nuclear power is an unexpected breakthrough solution to the growing energy and climate change dilemmas. The emerging hybrid technology can help revitalize the coal as well as nuclear industries while also significantly helping the United States achieve energy independence.
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Reports on the topic "Building law – United States"

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Schuster, Christian. When the Victor Cannot Claim the Spoils: Institutional Incentives for Professionalizing Patronage States. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011729.

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Merit-based selection of bureaucrats is central to state capacity building, yet rare in developing countries. Most executives instead favor patronage -political discretion- in public employment. This paper proposes and tests an original theory to explain when executives forsake patronage for merit. The theory exploits exogenous variation in the institutional design of patronage states. In some, constitutions and budget laws monopolize patronage powers in the executive; in others, patronage benefits accrue to the legislature and public employees. When institutions fragment patronage powers and challengers control other government branches, merit becomes more incentive-compatible: it enables executives to deprive challengers of patronage while enhancing public goods provision to court electoral support. Drawing on 130 face-to-face elite interviews, a comparison of reforms in Paraguay, the Dominican Republic and the United States validates the theory. How patronage states are institutionally designed thus shapes their reform prospects: fragmented control over bad government can incentivize good government reforms.
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Davies, Kirk L. The Imposition of Martial Law in the United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada372427.

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Bloomer, Stephen M. National Guard Domestic Counterdrug Support to United States Law Enforcement Agencies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424197.

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Halverson, Mark A., Bin Shui, and Meredydd Evans. Country Report on Building Energy Codes in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/978981.

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Hilt, Eric. Corporation Law and the Shift toward Open Access in the Antebellum United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21195.

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Shawhan, Karl J. Vital Interests, Virtual Threats: Reconciling International Law with Information Warfare and United States Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387690.

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Shawhan, Karl J. Vital Interests, Virtual Threats: Reconciling International Law with Information Warfare and United States Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388343.

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Swan, R. Drone Strikes: An Overview, Articulation and Assessment of the United States' Postion Under International Law. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1580679.

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Cosentino, Guy T. The United States Government Interagency Process and the Failure of Institution Building in Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada493728.

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Beard, Michael N. United States Foreign Military Sales Strategy: Coalition Building or Protecting the Defense Industrial Base. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328209.

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