Journal articles on the topic 'Building, Iron and steel Design and construction'
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Yergün, Uzay, and Banu Çelebioğlu. "Steel Frame Construction Technology in Ottoman Architecture and “Metro Khan”." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.131.
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From the first quarter of the 18th century, an expansion to European civilization was beginning in Ottoman Empire and with Tanzimat period, this westernization fact had transformed to a fundamental innovation act in the structure of the state and society. European capital image gained by İstanbul created a symbolic view of change. However, a contradiction of traditional urban tissue, consisted by the timber buildings, necessitated a fundamental change in the urban and architectural structure. According to this aim, new building types which were necessary for the Tanzimat reforms (a period of time of political reforms during the Ottoman sultanate of Abdulmecid (r.1839-61) began to be constructed by the European architectural design models, with modern building materials and production technologies. In this context, construction technologies like jack arches, steel framework, fer-concrete and reinforced concrete, which are formed with structural materials like modern brick, iron beam, and concrete, are the factors of formation of the historical development process of the Ottoman architecture after the first years of the 19th century. From the middle of 19th century, use of the “steel beam” was beginning in the building product technology, depending on the evolution of the industrial metal technology in European countries. Technological level of the steel construction after “Jack Arch”, which is formed with the iron beam, has brought new expansions to the building production. As from the first years of the 20th century, buildings constructed by steel construction technology began to take place in Ottoman architecture. In this paper, the place of the steel-framed building technology in Ottoman architecture, especially the steel frame construction in the Tanzimat period buildings and their architectural design criteria will be presented. Besides, the conclusions based on the comparisons of structural and architectural design with the European architecture buildings will be indicated. “Metro Khan”, dated 1914, is the first building that was erected with this construction technology. This building is constructed as an administration and station building of the under ground train, named “Tünel”, which connects Pera and İstanbul Seaport. This paper traces the importance of the building in terms of conservation and cultural values, while benefiting from its characteristic architecture and static projects.
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Sutthichaimethee, Pruethsan, Wanvicechanee Tanoamchard, Pichan Sawangwong, Pumipat Pachana, and Nirun Witit-Anun. "Model of Environmental Problems Priority Arising from the Use of Environmental and Natural Resources in Construction Material Sectors of Thailand." Advanced Engineering Forum 14 (October 2015): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.14.76.
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The factors used to calculate the Forward Linkage, Backward Linkage and Real Benefit are the Total Environmental Costs. The highest total environmental cost was Iron and Steel that needs to be resolved immediately because it uses natural resources over the carrying capacity, higher environmental cost than standard, and contributes low real benefit. Iron and Steel, secondary steel products and non-residential building construction need to be monitored closely because they are able to link to other production sectors more than other production sectors, and they have high environmental cost. To design the sustainable development strategy of the country, therefore, need to use the information in this research to support the decision.
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Comeau, G., K. Velchev, and C. A. Rogers. "Development of seismic force modification factors for cold-formed steel strap braced walls." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 2 (February 2010): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-153.
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Seismic force modification factors to be used in conjunction with the National building code of Canada are recommended for two cold-formed steel (CFS) concentrically braced frame categories; limited ductility (LD) (Rd = 2.0, Ro = 1.3, height limit 20 m) and conventional construction (CC) (Rd = 1.25, Ro = 1.3, height limit 15 m, not permitted in high seismic zones). Nonlinear time history dynamic analyses of multi-storey CFS framed structures were carried out following an approach adopted from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P695 on the quantification of building seismic performance factors. Input earthquake records (both synthetic and recorded) were scaled to the site specific uniform hazard spectra for Vancouver, Calgary, Québec City, and Halifax. The calculated inelastic storey drifts and the failure probabilities from the FEMA P695 incremental dynamic analysis procedure showed that the Canadian seismic design procedures for type LD and CC strap braced walls in the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) S213 North American CFS lateral design standard are acceptable for the multi-storey buildings that were analysed.
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Rossi, Adriana, and Sara Gonizzi Barsanti. "Resilient connections." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2021.15375.
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The paper presents Axis Strutture, patented by the authors, awarded with V:alere funds (VAnvitelli pER la ricErca 2020) for the establishment of an innovative start-up, now academic spin-off. It is based on the assemble of iron and wood with 'pins' (in Latin 'axis') threaded to ensure an economic profit in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, reviewing ancient technologies in the light of advanced research. The focus is on the structural connections of a construction system that clamps the steel frame elements with the wooden infill, allowing to assemble modular, prefabricated and flexible components customized on the design phase’s request. It provides effective emergency shelters assembled or dismantled as quickly as tents but more stable, healthier and comfortable. With a single star key, the steel uprights can be attested with wooden and similar tampons avoiding nails and screws which allows the total reuse of the components. The patented connections implement a new construction method promoting the self-construction of garden houses, leisure environments, bungalows, garages and quality housing modules, since they are resilient, resistant and with a controllable impact on the environment. The case study provides an opportunity to verify actions aimed at the implementation of Design for Adaptability strategies promoting virtuous life cycles that involves the entire community in sustainable models from an economic, environmental and social point of view.
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Steau, Edward, Poologanathan Keerthan, and Mahen Mahendran. "Web crippling study of rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 7 (October 20, 2016): 1059–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216670172.
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Thin-walled steel hollow flange channel beams are commonly used as joists and bearers in various flooring systems in buildings. A new rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beam was proposed using an intermittently rivet fastening process as an alternative to welded beams. This flexible fastening process allows rectangular hollow flange channel beams to have greater section optimisation, by configuring web and flange widths and thicknesses. In the industrial applications of rectangular hollow flange channel beams as flooring, roofing or modular building systems, their flanges will be fastened to supports, which will provide increased capacities. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports under two-flange load cases. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams based on the new American Iron and Steel Institute S909 standard test method. The web crippling capacities were compared with the predictions from the design equations in Australia/New Zealand Standard 4600 and American Iron and Steel Institute S100 to determine their accuracy in predicting the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams. Test results showed that these design equations are considerably conservative for the end two-flange load case while being unconservative for the interior two-flange load case. New equations are proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports. Test results showed that web crippling capacities increased by 78% and 65% on average for the end two-flange and interior two-flange load cases when flanges were fastened to supports. This article presents the details of this web crippling experimental study of rectangular hollow flange channel beam sections and the results.
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Geraldi, Liem Antonio, and Hendrik Sulistio. "STUDI ANALISIS PERSENTASE WASTE BESI BETON DAN FAKTOR PENYEBABNYA PADA BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT RENDAH DI JAKARTA." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v3i1.7070.
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Waste iron material is often found in a construction project. Of course, by knowing what is the cause of waste iron material, the waste of this material can also be controlled and minimized. This research was conducted on a low rise building project in the Jakarta area and its surroundings which aims to find out what percentage volume of waste that occurs, how much loss, and causes the waste steel material. Analysis determine volume of waste and losses to find the number of concrete steel material requirements, the amount of concrete steel material purchase, and unit price of concrete iron material in a project obtained from drawings, weekly / monthly reports, budget plans, and interviews directly to the construction. To find cause of the waste carried out by distributing questionnaires to construction, the variables related to waste concrete iron such as humans, management professionalism, design and documentation, materials, implementation, and external. The results of the questionnaire will processed using the factor analysis with SPSS program in which of the six variables will be grouped based on the value of the relationship and which group of variables will play a major role in the waste of concrete iron material. AbstrakPemborosan material besi beton merupakan suatu hal yang masih sering dijumpai dalam suatu proyek konstruksi. Tentunya dengan mengetahui apa yang menjadi penyebab dari pemborosan material besi beton, maka pemborosan material ini pun dapat dikontrol dan diminimalisir. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada proyek low rise building di daerah Jakarta dan sekitarnya yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persentase volume pemborosan yang terjadi, berapa besar kerugian yang diakibatkan, dan apa saja penyebab terjadinya pemborosan dari material besi beton. Analisis yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar volume pemborosan dan kerugiannya adalah dengan mencari angka kebutuhan material besi beton, jumlah pembelian material besi beton, dan harga satuan material besi beton dalam suatu proyek yang dapat diperoleh dari gambar kerja, laporan mingguan/bulanan, rencana anggaran biaya, dan wawancara langsung kepada pihak pelaku konstruksi. Untuk mengetahui penyebab pemborosannya akan dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada pelaku konstruksi yang berisikan tentang variabel-variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemborosan material besi beton seperti manusia, profesionalitas menejemen, desain dan dokumentasi, material, pelaksanaan, dan kendala luar. Hasil dari kuesioner akan diolah menggunakan metode analisis faktor dengan bantuan program SPSS dimana dari keenam variabel tersebut akan dikelompokkan berdasarkan nilai keterkaitannya dan akan diperoleh kelompok variabel mana yang berperan besar dalam pemborosan material besi beton tersebut.
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Mina Hajian, and Amene Doroodgar. "Modeling of LSF Technology in Building Design and Construction Case-Study: Parand Residential Complex, Iran." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.447.
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The adopted strategy to overcome the housing shortage crisis in Iran is the mass production. The way forward to accelerate the mass production, is adopting the industrial building systems with the increased prefabrication. One of the most optimal new building systems is Lightweight Steel Framing (LSF) Technology. Parand Residential Complex as the first serious project to industrialize the construction processes in Iran is facing the various problems during the processes of manufacture and execution of LSF components. The research aim is to offer an optimized model for manufacturing and execution processes of LSF Technology in the constructive projects which in it the deficiencies are compensated and strengths are intensified. So, case-studies and combined strategies has adopted as research method and based on it, the manufacture and execution processes of LSF technology in the case-study, were taken into consideration to recognize the existing advantages and disadvantages. The results of the research show that disadvantages of the manufacture and execution processes can be improved into one combined model. Finally, with offering four strategies to compensate the deficiencies and three strategies to intensify the strengths, the paper develops a model to coordinate the processes of manufacturing and execution in LSF technology in building design and construction.
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Narahari Prasad, S., and M. Narayana Rao. "Stainless Steel - A Versatile Engineering Material for Critical Applications." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.44.
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Stainless Steel is a family of versatile materials that has been put into a wide variety of application by mankind. Stainless steels are iron-based alloys containing minimum 12% chromium and upto 25% nickel with minor additions of carbon, nitrogen, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, niobium, copper and selenium. It has a wide range of applications from small pins to the construction of automobiles, petrochemical, space, aeronautical, ship building industries, nuclear and thermal power stations. Certain grades of stainless steels, because of their biocompatibility are used for manufacture of biomedical implants. In fact steel touches every sphere of our daily life. By and large stainless steel family consists of hundreds of grades with varieties of compositions and a large spectrum of mechanical properties. The corrosion and oxidation resistance of stainless steels have been significantly improved through fine-tuned chemical compositions and microstructural constituents, leading to the evolution of super stainless steels. Stainless steel development from design to application is a long-term continuous effort. The recent advances in stainless steels are mainly due to new ways of manufacture, processing and usage of advanced equipments. In spite of inroads by a range of competing materials, stainless steels occupy an important place as structural materials, because of their outstanding strength to weight ratios, ductility, fracture toughness, repairability, corrosion, etc for a given cost. Over the years, MIDHANI has catered to the requirements of Indian Space, Nuclear, Thermal, aeronautical and Defence sector for many high performance materials. A wide range of special stainless steels many of them being tailor made to customers specific needs have been developed and supplied. This has been possible with the help of state of the art facility and excellent quality assurance system available in MIDHANI. The presentation will high light MIDHANI role in development and commercial production of different varieties of stainless steels for critical applications.
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Liu, Can, and Liping Duan. "Analytical Prediction of the Distortional Buckling Loads for Cold-Formed Channel Beams with Edge-Stiffened Rectangular Web Openings." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010101.
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Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies on the distortional buckling analyses of cold-formed steel (CFS) channels with web edge-stiffened holes. However, the literature about the analytical solutions is scarce, and the current design rules, e.g., the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI 2016) and the Australian/New Zealand standards (AS/NZ 4600: 2018), provide little design advice for CFS channels with edge-stiffened holes. This paper presents an analytical method for estimating the bearing capacity for the distortional buckling of CFS channel beams with edge-stiffened rectangular web holes. To validate the proposed method, comprehensive finite element (FE) analyses were performed. The proposed design equations accurately forecast the distortional buckling moment capacities of the CFS channels with edge-stiffened holes. Specifically, the average error of the critical moment predictions for the distortional buckling of perforated CFS channel beams obtained by the proposed analytical method and the finite element method (FEM) is only 6.59%, where the maximum error reaches 17.76%. Moreover, a parameter study on the effect of the edge-stiffener length on the bearing capacity was carried out as well, and the results show that the edge stiffener indeed significantly enhanced the critical moment when it is below a threshold length, but the enhancement becomes unobvious once surpassing the threshold length.
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Ghoddousi and, Parviz, Behzad T. Alizadeh, M. Reza Hosseini, and Nicholas Chileshe. "Implementing the international benchmarking labour productivity theoretical model." Benchmarking: An International Journal 21, no. 6 (September 30, 2014): 1041–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-04-2012-0029.
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Purpose – Building upon the results of a critical review of previous studies, the purpose of this paper is to present a framework to enhance the reliability of the theoretical model for international benchmarking of labour productivity (TMIBLP) method for construction project activities. The next part of the paper presents the results of implementing the proposed framework for construction activities in the Iranian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws upon a critical review of the literature to highlight the drawbacks of the previous studies concerning implementing TMIBLP within the construction industry. Identifying these shortcomings, the authors propose a framework for construction projects, which presents the procedure for deploying TMIBLP for construction activities in a reliable manner. The final section of the paper demonstrates the empirical implementation of the proposed framework within the Iranian construction industry. Findings – The primary contributions of the paper include: identifying the drawbacks of previous studies within the construction context, the framework that would lead construction managers towards more reliable implementation of benchmarking for construction projects, and determining the baseline of erecting steel structures in a developing country. Practical implications – A practical implementation of the TMIBLP method was presented to address the lack of research in Iran and to show the feasibility of using the framework developed. The authors investigated the daily labour productivity for the activity of structural steel erection for six projects in Tehran in order to determine the values of the baseline productivity for each project. Accordingly, the disruption index, performance ratio and project management index as the project benchmarks were calculated for all six projects. Originality/value – Underlining the necessity of implementing methods such as TMIBLP, this study outlines the outcomes of the first study on the benchmarking of construction activities deploying the proposed framework and using the data on erecting steel structures from six construction projects in Iran. The discussions provide guidelines for construction project managers regarding benchmarking labour productivity. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research opportunities.
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Khrutba, Viktoriia O., Julia S. Nikitchenko, Lesya І. Кriukovska, Vitalina V. Lukianova, and Oksana V. Spasichenko. "Ways of reduction of environmental risks of slag heaps of metallurgical enterprises, Ukraine." Environmental safety and natural resources 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.2.39-54.
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The purpose of this work is a quantitative assessment of the level of reduction of environmental risks of slag heaps of metallurgical enterprises with the use of metallurgical slag as an alternative road construction material.Methods. Quantitative analysis of the emergence of the risk of environmental hazard is carried out in accordance with the "Methodology for determining the risks and their adopted levels for the declaration of safety of objects of high danger", which determines the procedure for conducting a hazard analysis and risk assessment of high-risk objects, which is carried out through the definition of the probability of undesirable consequences of accidents on based scripts for their emergence and development. For the risk assessment, a logical-probabilistic hazard response scheme in the form of a "failure tree" is constructed and analyzed, which is a form of an ordered graphical representation of the logical-probabilistic connection of random events that results in an undesirable result. The calculation of road surface design with alternative road-building materials is carried out in accordance with the VBN V.2.3-218-186-2004 "Construction of vehicles. Non-rigid type of road clothes" taking into account the requirements of the GBN V.2.3-218-007: 2012 "Environmental requirements for highways Designing".Results. To determine the main causes of environmental hazards in the dumps of metallurgical combines and the nature of their impact on the environment, a tree of problems has been constructed that allows us to determine the main causes of a high level of environmental hazard and the emergence of hazardous situations, namely, the large volumes of metallurgical waste stored on the territory of dumps. For the dumps around the steel mills in Mariupol a "tree of failure" was built and the probability of occurrence of an ecologically dangerous situation or an accident which is connected with places of storage of metallurgical deposits of PJSC "Azovstal Iron and Steel Works" and PJSC "Mariupol Iron and Steel Works named after Ilyich" is calculated. The risk of the risk of storing slags in the dumps of metallurgical combines of the occurrence of the main event is 0.636. The main environmental hazards are the amount of slag and slag dust in the dump area. Design of road clothing with the use of metallurgical slags. The content of metallurgical slag in the proposed designs of the DO reaches 25 ... 32%. The use of metallurgical slags, which are low-toxic waste, that is, waste of Class IV hazard, in road construction will reduce the level of existing environmental risk, provided the metallurgical slags of consumer properties.Scientific novelty. As a result of the performed research, an effective approach to reduce the environmental risks of slag heats of steel mills was identified through the use of large volumes of slag as an alternative road construction material. The design of road clothing for the construction of roads of different categories and the level of reduction of the ecological risk of the dump impact on the environment and health of the population of the region are determined.Practical significance. The practical application of the proposed approach was made for slag heaps of the metallurgical combines of Mariupol (Ukraine). The level of ecological safety of the region by reducing the amount of metallurgical slags can be increased by 27-30%, which will allow the company to obtain a total ecological and economic effect in the amount of 1.22 million UAH.
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Li, Huawei, Hengyi Chen, Muwang Wei, Rong Wang, Nengzhong Lei, and Qian Wang. "Design and preparation of double-layer iron ore tailings cement-based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials containing carbon black and steel fiber." Construction and Building Materials 364 (January 2023): 129972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129972.
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Babaei, Mehdi, Jalal Dadash Amiri, Foad Omidi, and Arman Memarian. "Optimal Topologies for Steel Frames with Ordinary Chevron and X-Braces: The Effect on Total Structural Cost." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010677.
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Today, steel structures with simple frames and concentric steel bracings (both crossed and chevron type) are extensively used in different countries, as well as in Iran. Apart from the seismic performance of each structural system, construction cost plays a significant role in system selection by designers. In an attempt to optimize structural costs, this study aims at examining the number of floors, span length, soil conditions, and brace type. In this study the impact of these factors on structural costs are evaluated. Since parking areas are the most important architectural requirement, therefore specified span widths accommodating two, three, and four vehicles are selected for the models. To this end, regular building models with different span (5.6, 7.5, and 11.2m) are selected according to such architectural considerations. Following structural analysis and design, total structural costs are estimated according to the latest national cost list issued by the Management and Planning Organization of Iran (published in 2014). The results are obtained and reported for different models through graphs and tables. The outcomes are evaluated and compared. Finally, the optimal topologies in terms of structure weight and total cost are determined, along with introducing the most effective factor among span length, story number, brace type, and soil type.
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Mazza, Fabio, and Rodolfo Labernarda. "Magnetic damped links to reduce internal seismic pounding in base-isolated buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 15 (September 25, 2020): 6795–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00961-6.
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AbstractA limited gap between closely spaced structural parts may induce internal pounding in seismically isolated structures, because of notable displacement at the level of the isolation system under severe earthquakes. A gap between a fixed-base elevator shaft and the surrounding building is presented here with reference to a reinforced concrete building located in the Sicilian town of Augusta. The building, comprising a basement and three storeys above the ground level, is seismically isolated at the top of rigid columns in the basement with a hybrid isolation system including elastomeric and sliding bearings, while a steel framed elevator shaft crosses the isolation level. Despite the gap, internal pounding may occur at all levels of the superstructure when the elevator with maximum load stops at the upper floors. To reduce structural pounding effects, a magnetic damped link (MDL) between adjacent corners of the elevator and the surrounding building is proposed. This is obtained as an in parallel combination of an eddy current damped link (ECDL) and an elastic helicoidal spring, and occupies less space than traditional passive dampers and transmits considerably less forces compared to a rigid link configuration. Specifically, an ECDL consists of an outer cylindrical copper tube, as conductor, and an inner tube, equipped with an array of axially magnetized and ring-shaped permanent magnets separated by iron pole pieces, as mover. The relative motion between conductor and magnets, during seismic loading, induces an eddy current producing electromagnetic damping. Given that viscoelastic linear behaviour can be hypothesized for the MDL, a simplified iterative design procedure of the ECDL is proposed, with optimization of the thickness and radius of the magnets, thereby enhancing magnetic flux and energy dissipation. The directionality of the near-fault ground motions is investigated through nonlinear seismic analysis, comparing no connection with four configurations of the interconnection: i.e., flexible and rigid elastic links, viscous and magnetic damped links.
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Sivakumaran, K. S. "Lateral load response of unbraced steel building frames." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 974–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-109.
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The standard CAN3-S16.1-M84 "Steel structures for buildings — limit states design" recognizes three sets of assumptions in the analysis, design, and construction of steel buildings. In two of them the connections are assumed to be either fully rigid (continuous construction, clause 8.2) or completely free (simple construction, clause 8.3.1). In the third type of construction, termed here as "special simple construction" (clause 8.3.2), the beam-to-column connections are assumed to be completely free (pinned) to resist gravity loads and are assumed to be rigid to resist the lateral loads due to earthquake or wind. Such connnections are designed for moments due to lateral loads only, and thus they are more flexible and may yield at ultimate load levels. This paper illustrates the analysis and design of two (one 5-storey and the other 10-storey) office buildings assumed to be located in Hamilton, Ontario, on the basis of special simple construction. Using realistic connection behaviour, the influence of connection flexibility and strength on the performance of these buildings is studied. In the nonlinear static analysis, the buildings have been subjected to gravity loads and incremental lateral loads until failure. For comparison purposes, the building frames were also analysed and designed, based on continuous construction assumptions. The results showed increased drifts and decreased overall strength due to connection flexibility and strength. Thus, the system based on continuous construction structurally performs better than the system based on special simple construciton. As far as the economy is concerned both systems appear to be equivalent. Key words: building design, steel structures, flexible connections, analysis, wind load, earthquake load, strength.
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Zhaona, Chi. "Research on the design of multi-layer steel structure module and steel frame composite building structure." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 03027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123303027.
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The composite of multi-layer steel structure module and steel frame, as an important design form in Chinese house construction, is widely used in the architectural design of houses. The multi-layer steel structure module and steel frame composite building structure are different from the traditional. This kind of building mechanism adopts the prefabricated type, which has the advantages of fast construction speed and few limiting factors, and plays a very important guiding role in modern building construction. Based on this, this article will analyze and compare the similarities and differences between steel structure modular buildings and traditional steel frame structures, and explore the design of multi-layer steel structure modules and steel frame composite building structures, hoping to be helpful to relevant people.
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Li, Bing. "Expression of Form on the Steel Building Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.39.
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In today's era, people have formed architectural aesthetic psychology of this age, with information technology, intelligence, and sustainable development becoming the theme of the society. The materials and construction techniques of the steel buildings have shown all kinds of expression tendencies involving extreme repeat, extreme identity of surface, overlap between complexity and simplicity, sculptural tendency and tendency to metaphor and symbolism. And these expression tendencies reflect the technical meaning in contemporary architectural form design was architectural expression basing on the social psychological and adapt it.
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di Lorenzo, Gianmaria, Fabio Rizzo, Antonio Formisano, Raffaele Landolfo, and Antonio Guastaferro. "Corrosion Wastage Models for Steel Structures: Literature Review and a New Interpretative Formulation for Wrought Iron Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.209.
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Damage due to atmospheric corrosion on metal structures is a significant aspect for both the design of new constructions and the maintenance of existing buildings. The paper discusses the corrosion depth trends for steel structures comparing an experimental campaign of measurements, given by Fratesi in 2002, with literature 2nd level models calibrated from experiments on immersed elements, literature models based on testing in atmosphere and standard codes (i.e. EN ISO 9224 and EN 12500). Results show a significant variability of values using different models and codes. In addition, the paper underlines that literature studies and codes neglect specific models for nineteenth-century “wrought iron” constructions, that are very sensitive to corrosion phenomena. Based on this, the paper discusses results obtained by a new interpretative model developed by authors for the prediction of corrosion depth on wrought iron structures.
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Olfati, R. S. "Design of Steel Structures in Seismic Conditions." Stroitel'nye Materialy 787, no. 12 (2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2020-787-12-58-62.
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The principles of designing earthquake-resistant steel frames of industrial buildings are considered. Particular attention is paid to the causes of damage to steel frames due to seismic loads impact, as well as the requirements that must be met when designing steel frames in seismically active areas. The most suitable materials that can be used to strengthen the steel frame, because of its correct operation relative to the resulting seismic loads have been studied. The analysis of loads calculated according to the normative documents of Russia and other countries of the world, and their comparison with each other are presented. An overview of possible experimental methods for determining the strength of the frame under seismic loads is given, as well as a critical assessment of the regulatory documents used, namely the formulas and coefficients used, and alternative solutions are proposed. The influence of soil on the strength parameters of the steel frame under seismic load, as well as the influence of own vibrations and forms of the structure on the pliability of the bases, were studied. Promising design solutions for steel frames in the event of earthquakes are indicated. The experience of designing earthquake-resistant structures abroad was studied and the materials of past accidents in Russia and other countries of the world were analyzed.
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Shu, Bin, Erbao Li, and Xianji Meng. "Discussion on Electrical Design of Passive Residential Building." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v1i1.6.
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As the national buildings in each climate zone and passive low energy consumption building demonstration projects expand, there has been a wave of innovation across the construction industry. China is also becoming a hot zone for energy-efficient and high-performance passive buildings. Along with the traditional passive building structure, steel structure passive construction, assembled PC structure passive construction such as the emergence of various types of passive construction, as well as a variety of new building materials, doors and Windows, and air conditioning air equipment, put forward a new challenge for building electrical engineering design personnel and requirements.
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Zhang, Fu Ming, Xiang Long Meng, Chao Zhen Cao, and Lin Li. "Construction of Circulating Economy Development Model for New Generation Iron and Steel Plant." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1133.
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The problems existing in the development of modern iron and steel industry is analyzed in this paper, and a basic development model of circulating economy in modern iron and steel industry is put forward. There are three basic functions for new generation of circulating iron and steel enterprises include steel product manufacture, energy conversion, and the social waste disposal, circulating economy will become the only approach of survival and development for the contemporary steel enterprises in the future. In this article the design philosophy of the high-efficiency circulating new generation steel plant combine with the design of Shougang Jingtang iron and steel plant is discussed and evaluated. The application of principle of the reduction, reusing, recycling for the new generation steel plant design is introduced and expatiated.
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Zeng, Fan Kui, Chang Ming Hu, and Xing Cai Liu. "Design Method of the Temporary Support Structure in Building Construction." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.406.
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The uniform design standard of temporary support structure in building construction has not been published, In case of coupler steel pipe support system, characteristics for the temporary support structure, the standard structure of the system is proposed. It is suggested that the design of temporary support structure should be combined with the present theory of the design of steel structure. The design method of temporary support structure based on equivalent notional lateral loads is proposed. The formula is given, which is verified by tests and is compared with the formula recommended by the present code. The result shows that the formula can meet the requirements of the safety factor, which provides a reference for those concerned with research, design or construction.
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Lawson, R. Mark, Ray G. Ogden, and Sunday Popo-Ola. "Design Considerations For Modular Open Building Systems." Open House International 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2011-b0006.
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Modular construction is widely used for residential buildings of 4 to 8 storeys. In the context of open building systems, modular construction provides a systemised approach to design in which the benefits of prefabrication are maximised. There is demand to extend this form of construction to more than 12 storeys for residential buildings. This paper presents a review of modular technologies, and describes load tests and analysis on light steel modular walls that are used to justify the use of light steel technology to support higher loads. For taller modular buildings, the effect of installation and geometric inaccuracies must be taken into account and it is proposed that maximum out of verticality of a vertical group of modules is 50mm relative to ground datum. Using these geometric tolerances, the notional horizontal force used to evaluate stability of a group of modules should be taken as a minimum of 1% of the applied vertical load on the modules. Robustness to accidental load effects is important in all high-rise buildings and it is proposed that the tie force in the connections between modules should be taken as not less than 30% of the total vertical load applied to the module in both horizontal directions.
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Piekarczuk, Artur. "Modern solutions of arch-shaped construction for agricultural building halls." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2152.
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The paper presents evaluation methods of arch-shaped corrugated steel roof capacity used in an agricultural construction. The arch-shaped corrugated steel roof is easy to install, to use and less expensive than the traditional construction of agricultural buildings. The specific of structure poses many design problems related to the local buckling of profiled sheets. The article presents normative design methods, the most common design errors, trends research methods and numerical calculations.
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Deierlein, Gregory G. "New Provisions for the Seismic Design of Composite and Hybrid Structures." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 1 (February 2000): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586089.
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While there have been significant advances in the design and construction of composite steel-concrete building structures, their use in regions of high seismicity has been hindered by the lack of design criteria in building codes and specifications. This has prompted initiatives in the Building Seismic Safety Council and the American Institute of Steel Construction to develop seismic design provisions for composite structures. The 1997 edition of the AISC Seismic Provisions includes a new section with requirements for composite steel-concrete structures that are cross-referenced by the general seismic loading and design criteria in the 1997 NEHRP Provisions and the 2000 International Building Code (final draft). Intended to complement existing provisions for steel, reinforced concrete and composite structures in the AISC-LRFD Specification and the ACI 318 Building Code, these new provisions provide an important resource for seismic design of composite structural systems, members, and connections.
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Wei, Lu Shuang, Qun Wei, and Kai Sun. "Development of BIM Technology in Steel Structure Design Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2546.
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The workflow of traditional steel often causes the lack of information, and the high cost, reduced efficiency in the various stages of the project. BIM technology simulate building by digital real information, share the information by central document, that close connection with the various stages of the process, and exchange information, so as to improve efficiency and reducecosts.Based on the concept of Building Information Model, the article explains the design and construction of 3D SteelGate software system. By adopting the Object-Oriented Design model, the article established parameterized database used for model construction in steel constructions. Article also describes the application in steel design software with the help of design model, analysis model and the drafting model.
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Wang, Chun Gang, Da Chuan Wang, Guo Chang Li, and Jin Guo Wu. "Overhead Floor Research of Steel Structure Building." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1199.
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In the decoration integration of steel structure, overhead floor achieves a separation of decoration and structure. Overhead floor system is composed of steel bracket, beam and floor. Reasonable overhead floor structure to ensure the safety of the whole structure has important significance. In this paper, the new form of beams named the cold bending cap steel is proposed and the size design of the new beam is made. While maintaining the original beams on the basis of mechanical properties, the new form of beams increase effective use height above the floor. In addition, the construction technology, construction requirements, the error control of overhead floor system, etc. are summarized and some author's suggestions in terms of modular are made.
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Verma, Aakash, and Dr Rajeev Chandak. "Analysis and Design of Pre-Engineered Building with Different Parameters." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40982.
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Abstract: With the development of science and technology in the field of structural engineering and also in civil engineering, it is possible to observe the adaptation of pre-engineered buildings in both industrial and residential construction sectors. In this paper, pre-engineered steel building will be design with different parameter using software Staadprov8i and analyzed with different loads on building i.e. dead load, live load, collateral load, wind load and load combinations on building .The main objective of this work is to understand the concepts of PEB and find the least possible weight of structure and various displacement or significance of forces in each direction which will help the structure to be safe and stable. The pre-engineered construction concept involves pre-engineered structure and quality construction systems which will help to minimize the use of cost and time. Keywords: Pre-engineering steel building, industrial building and staadprov8i software etc
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Lu, Tong, Ying Liu, Shuai Wang, Ke-yang Wu, Xia Jin, and Bang-feng Xi. "Information Construction Technology of Free-Form Surface Steel Grid." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 6, no. 4 (July 13, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v6i4.4025.
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Taking the construction project of National Network Security Talents and Innovation Base Exhibition Center as an example, the application of building information model in the construction process of free-form surface steel structure is analyzed in this paper. The results show that the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology to the construction of free-form surface structure improves the work efficiency of the construction team in multi-disciplinary collaboration, surface component manufacturing, and construction process design, and subsequently improves the construction speed and construction quality.
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Xu, Lei, Yanglin Gong, and Donald E. Grierson. "Seismic Design Optimization of Steel Building Frameworks." Journal of Structural Engineering 132, no. 2 (February 2006): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2006)132:2(277).
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Radake, Nikita D., and R. V. R. K. Prasad. "A Review on Comparative Study between the Pre-Engineered Building and Conventional Steel Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41569.
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Abstract: In steel structure design the Pre-engineering building (PEB) system is a modern technology that provides economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable structures. The pre-Engineered Building (PEB) concept is a new conception of single-story industrial building construction. This methodology is versatile not only due to its quality pre-designing and prefabrication but also due to its lightweight and economical construction. This concept has many advantages over the Conventional Steel Building (CSB) concept of buildings with roof trusses. This paper mainly focuses on the PEB concept and CSB concept. The study is achieved by designing a Warehouse building as PEB and as CSB with the help of Staad Pro. The CSB is designed and analyzed by IS 800:2007 (LSM) and PEB is designed and analyzed by AISC 360:10. Keywords: Pre-Engineered Building (PEB), Conventional steel building (CSB), Structure analysis and Design, STAAD PRO V8i
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Fazio, Paul. "A case study in integrated building design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-072.
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The review of the design and construction details of the external wall assembly of a 122 m (400 ft) tall building in a Canadian city is presented. Inadequate tolerance consideration for the steel frame structure and elements of the building envelope and changes in the fireproofing method led to a series of changes and conflicts, delay in the project, and added costs. This case study is presented to show the need to adopt integrated building design principles from the conceptual stage to achieve compatibility between building subsystems while they are being assembled and during the life of the building and to accelerate the construction process. Key words: building envelope, tolerances, integrated building design, metal air pan, tall buildings, building engineering, case study, fireproofing.
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Costa-Neves, Luis F., Catarina S. S. R. Costa, Luciano R. O. Lima, and Sandra Jordão. "Optimum design of steel and concrete composite building structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 167, no. 11 (November 2014): 678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.13.00022.
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Chu, Yun Peng, Yong Yao, and Li Li Zhou. "Steel Structure Building Market Demand and Applied Talents on Teaching Reform for the Course of Steel Structure." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1487.
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Some domestic colleges and universities have been made some effect in the steel structure teaching reforms, but there are some deficiencies in China in the new period. In view of the new era of our steel structures has increased, The design, construction and technical personnel is a serious shortage of steel , and can’t meet the number in current design institute and the construction units. So puts forward the teaching material, the demand in classroom teaching mode, teaching content and graduation design for the reform, the steel structure to provide a reference for personnel training of the new situation.
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TAKAGI, Jiro, Akari HAYASHI, Kazuki SAITO, and Makoto OHSAKI. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEISMIC DESIGN CONDITIONS AND SUPERIOR DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF STEEL BUILDINGS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 87, no. 802 (December 1, 2022): 1257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.87.1257.
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Fahim, Md Tanvir Hasan. "Composite Columns in Building Structure - A Analytical Study." Material Science Research India 19, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/190206.
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Present-day construction is greatly influenced by steel-concrete column composites. Steel-concrete composite gained extensive attention around the globe, which made steel-concrete composite utilization in construction more attractive than conventional reinforced cement concrete design. Different architectural culture has introduced inexhaustible diversification of different columns. One of the most widely used is concrete-encased columns. These columns are those in which steel is encased in reinforced concrete. Combining these two materials leads to less cross-sectional area, high rigidity, and improved lateral resistance. However, some construction difficulties are evident. A comprehensive overview of the state of the art of evolution of composite columns in building structures based on experimental numerical and analytical studies is emphasized in the paper. Moreover, replacing concrete with various materials such as cement aggregates, limestones, fly ash, and industrial waste is suggested to deal with the high cost of the construction.
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Li, Zhong Jun. "Strengthening Design of an Existing Old Masonry Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 1332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.1332.
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In this paper, the structural performance of an existing old masonry building constructed in 1963 was detected in filed and assessed. The results indicated that essential strengthening measures should be adopted to improve its stiffness, strength and seismic performance. To keep the original architectural appearance and style of the building due to its particular historical significance, various strengthening technics (e.g. the externally bonded steel plate technic, the adding steel braces to enhance the lateral stiffness, the strengthening with steel mesh reinforced concrete splint method and etc.) were thus designed to repair and strengthen the structure. 10% probability of failure risk was used to determine the earthquake parameters involved in the seismic strengthening design, which has also reduced the engineering cost. The design methods presented in this study and the corresponding seismic construction measures adopted in the project are validated to be effective and feasible, and have achieved the given performance - oriented.
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Aoyama, H. "Recent development in seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings in Japan." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 24, no. 4 (December 31, 1991): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.24.4.333-340.
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Japan experienced a quick development of highrise reinforced concrete frame-type apartment building construction, about 30 stories high, in the last decade. Outline of this development is first introduced in terms of planning of buildings, materials, construction methods, earthquake resistant design and dynamic response analysis. This quick development was made possible by, among others, the available high strength concrete and steel. In an attempt to further promote development of new and advanced reinforced concrete building structures, a five-year national project was started in 1988 in Japan, promoted by the Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. Outline of this project is introduced in the second part of this paper. It aims at the development and use of concrete up to 120 MPa, and steel up to 1200 MPa.
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Su, Meng, Bauer Yang, and Xiaomin Wang. "Research on Integrated Design of Modular Steel Structure Container Buildings Based on BIM." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4574676.
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Modular container buildings, as new modular steel structure buildings with the advantages of modular construction and transportation, fast construction speed, and conformance to the concept of sustainable development, have achieved rapid development in the field of civil engineering in recent years. However, in view of the incompatibility of the standards and systems between the traditional construction industry and the container manufacturing industry, contradictions between industrialization, standardization requirements and diversified demands of buildings, and the low integration of the design system of modular steel structure buildings, the further development of the modular container building industry has encountered a bottleneck. In this study, for resolving this problem, it was proposed to coordinate the modular sequence of the construction and container manufacturing, establish a modular system for modular steel structure buildings, establish a database of container building components and parts, and integrate BIM and PDM platforms, to strengthen professional coordination and improve the integrated design that can increase the integration of the whole process of design. The application and verification in pilot projects such as Huaduhui Commercial Street have approved that this design method can effectively improve the standardization, industrialization, and information levels of design, production, and construction, increase the diversity and overall quality of modular buildings, and promote the achievement of the integration target of the modular steel structure building system.
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Nadeem, Gohar, Nor Azizi Safiee, Nabilah Abu Bakar, Izian Abd Karim, and Noor Azline Mohd Nasir. "Connection design in modular steel construction: A review." Structures 33 (October 2021): 3239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.060.
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Ackroyd, M. "Design of flexibility-connected unbraced steel building frames." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 8 (January 1987): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(87)90062-9.
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Trahair, N. S., Y.-L. Pi, M. J. Clarke, and J. P. Papangelis. "Plastic Design of Steel Arches." Advances in Structural Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136943329700100102.
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The in-plane failure modes of steel arches range from the extremes of plastic collapse for stocky arches with significant bending actions to elastic buckling for slender arches in uniform compression. Between these extremes, failure involves an interaction between plastic collapse and elastic buckling which depends on the arch profile, support conditions, loading, and slenderness, and is influenced by geometrical imperfections and residual stresses. Few design codes give methods for designing steel arches against in-plane failure. The methods that are used are essentially based either on the buckling strengths of equivalent columns, or on the use of moment amplification or second-order elastic analysis and the attainment of a limiting stress. Any method based solely on elastic analysis and a limiting stress is necessarily conservative for stocky arches with negligible stability effects, since it ignores the often substantial redistributions that take place after first yield. This paper discusses the use of the method of plastic collapse analysis for the in-plane design of steel arches.
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Sukamta, Davy, and Nick Alexander. "Seismic design of a super-tall building: Indonesian experience." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 05020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015605020.
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This paper summarizes the structural concept and design of the twin 303-meter high “Indonesia-1" supertall building currently under construction in Jakarta. The first tower is a 63-story office building, and the second is 59-story, on top of the seven-level basement structure. The lateral resisting system of the towers is RC core-wall and outrigger, and composite floor system - with concrete slab, metal deck, and steel beams - is used for the gravity resisting system. Since the lateral system is outside the scope of the prescriptive system in the Indonesian Seismic Design Code, Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) combined with Non-linear Response History Analysis (NLRHA) had demonstrated acceptability to the Jakarta building department and its peer review panel. Some challenges in conducting Performance-based Seismic Design (PBSD) are highlighted. In order to speed up construction, which is a critical factor in supertall building construction, erection columns are installed in the RC columns and CSPCM (Core Structure Preceding Construction Method) is applied. Consistently, the design must account for the associated construction sequence.
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Monzon, Eric V., Ahmad M. Itani, and Gokhan Pekcan. "Seismic behavior and design of steel girder bridges with integral abutments." Bridge Structures 10, no. 4 (2014): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-150080.
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Kulicki, John M. "Specifications and guidelines for the design of curved steel girder bridges." Bridge Structures 1, no. 3 (September 2005): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732480500247389.
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Chan, Chun-Man, Donald E. Grierson, and Archibald N. Sherbourne. "Automatic Optimal Design of Tall Steel Building Frameworks." Journal of Structural Engineering 121, no. 5 (May 1995): 838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1995)121:5(838).
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TSUDA, Keigo, Chiaki MATSUI, and Yasuo ISHIBASHI. "DESIGN FORMULA OF SLENDER CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 62, no. 496 (1997): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.62.119_1.
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Ren, Yuan, Saeed Rubaiee, Anas Ahmed, Asem Majed Othman, and Sandeep Kumar Arora. "Multi-objective optimization design of steel structure building energy consumption simulation based on genetic algorithm." Nonlinear Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2022-0012.
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Abstract In order to solve the problems of data acquisition, quantitative analysis and model solving in the field of construction schedule optimization, a construction schedule optimization system based on genetic algorithm was constructed. On this basis, the construction schedule two-stage multi-objective optimization models of “duration-cost” and “fixed duration-resource equilibrium” are established, which aim at the lowest cost and resource equilibrium. Through the investigation and analysis of the project contract documents, the energy consumption and cost of the normal construction and emergency construction state of the contract plan of the basic project part (from the beginning of precipitation activities to the end of +0) are obtained. This section was optimized for the analysis. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the model, and the optimal duration of each process and the optimal start time of non-critical process are determined. The feasibility and effectiveness of the system and model are verified by practical application in the actual project, which provides support for determining the construction schedule scientifically and reasonably and helps to improve the construction schedule technical application effect and construction schedule management level.
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Abbas, Dr Hajer Satih, Dr Majid M. Kharnoob, Dr Noor Salim Atia, and Dr Bassam Farman Bassam. "Analysis or Design of Composite Column by Using Etabs Software." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 5289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19355.
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As the world business enlarging day by day, and designing of the buildings are getting complex and demanding more technology to enhance its stability, performances, cost, duration and its uniqueness of designing. At the later part of development in civil engineer majority of the work was transformed from conventional system to a well organized and computerized system, most of the time the company employees and owners were in live risk, due to non availability of technology. As time goes technology develops, having this in mind we had also suggested using Etabs software in our design. Etabs is a 3D analysis and designing of the buildings, it is engineering software which is used in construction and designing or analysis of complex multi stored buildings. Composite column is actually the amalgamation of two traditionally methodologies structure steel and structure concrete, their design could be based on concrete or steel methodology. Any method can be used to develop composite column approach. Composite columns are designed by applying different components of structure steel and concrete in according to use the advantages and property of each material. The outer and inner behavior of the concrete and structural steel ingredients make the Composite column is very unbending, enough squashy, cost effective and generally makes it efficient partner of the building and bride constructions. Normally three kinds of composite column sections are using in high risky building construction. The building was analyzed by using Etabs and designed according to the needed requirement. Composite column technology for construction of building is now a day’s very popular and has more advantages over the conventional designing of buildings, currently we see tall buildings with great advantages such as less space more accommodation, parking, and many more, these all can only be achieved if we implement the concept and idea of composite construction. This is why composite construction is so good; the one line reason behind this is that it combines both steel and concrete into one unit. By combining these materials can strengthen and provide best result in extremely enough and light weight design. Composite by column can also save our time and we can construction the complex buildings in short term. One of the biggest achievement if is done in construction by composite column is the cost reduction, because most of the constructions companies are being lost and dropped its position due to non profitability.
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Sachidananda, Khwairakpam. "Comparisons of Performance of Building Using Bright New And Old Rusted Rebar." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.511.
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Reinforced cement concrete structure are the most common structures in India. The strength of structure depends mainly on two components i.e. concrete and steel rebar. One of the main constituent i.e. steel, changes its strength along with the changes in property of steel rebar irrespective of the types of steel, mainly due to rusting of iron i.e. formation of iron oxide by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture. In the present study, experimental investigation has been done as to find the property of steel for the bright new rebar as well as for the old rusted rebar of a particular brand of steel rebar. The experimental result showed that the new bright rebar has ~ 50% higher yielding strength as compared to the old rusted rebar strength. The ductility of new bright rebar is having ~125% higher than the old rusted rebar. The material property of steel extracted from the experiment has been incorporated in Finite Element modelling of a particular building using SAP 2000. The building has been designed under the gravity load as well as uniform lateral load. The performance of building is found out through push over analysis in terms of load vs displacement. The ultimate strength of building using new rebar is around 60% higher than the strength of building with old rebar. The displacement capacity of building also differs significantly i.e. building with new rebar is having ~60% higher than building with old rebar’s. Overall, the steel rebars need to be protected from corrosion for the construction of structures.