Journal articles on the topic 'Building Heating and Cooling'
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1
Niemierka, Elżbieta, and Piotr Jadwiszczak. "Cross-building cooling-to-heating energy transfer." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000056.
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Nowadays office buildings are faced with high and long-term cooling demand with grate heat recovery potential. In low heating demand office buildings not all of recoverable excess heat can be utilised, so it forces to search the consumers beyond the energetic boundary of office building. One of more promising way is supplying residential building by excess heat to meet the space heating and domestic hot water demands. Proposed cross-building cooling-to-heating energy flow allows transferring and utilizing excess heat from office building in residential as a useful heat. This solution creates the flexible and sustainable environment and meets the energy challenges of the future, in line with current energy trends and policy.
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Su, Yuan, Fu Lin Wang, and Yue Fan. "Heating and Cooling Load Characteristics Comparison between Normal Building and Low Energy Consumption Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1855.
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In this research, a normal building and low energy consumption building were chosen to compare and analyze heating and cooling load characteristics. Firstly, the abstract of two buildings were carried out. Secondly, methodology of measurement and calculation was researched. At last the heating and cooling load of two buildings was examined using this methodology.
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Kulkarni, Shubham S. "A Glance on Radiant Cooling Technology for Heating and Cooling for Residential and Commercial Building Application." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics and Computational Fluid Dynamics 07, no. 3&4 (November 6, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7661.202005.
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As we know that nowadays due to the hot and humid weather and the increasing temperature the high amount of energy consumption is used for the heating & cooling purpose in residential as well as in commercial building for air conditioning systems. To overcome this problem and to reduce the energy consumption as well as good thermal comfort to people in the indoor environment, use the radiant heating & cooling system is a better way. This concept is used to cool or heat the room and absorbs the indoor sensible heat by thermal radiation. The system removes heat by using less energy and more energy-efficient. This system uses water as a medium to cool or heat the room space. There are three types discussed in these papers for cooling & heating. In this paper, we did an overall study regarding radiant heating and cooling systems. It reduces the energy lost due to the duct leakage. It also has a lower life cycle cost compared to conventional. In this paper, we have reviewed how to reduce energy consumption and give thermal comfortable air-condition through radiant cooling and chilled ceiling panel system.
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Muhammad Irfan and Faizir Ramlie. "Analysis of Parameters which Affects Prediction of Energy Consumption in Buildings using Partial Least Square (PLS) Approach." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 25, no. 1 (December 19, 2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.25.1.6168.
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The development of energy consumption prediction model is an integral part of the management and improvement of building energy efficiency in order to save the energy and to reduce the environmental impact. There are factors that affect energy in buildings which are heating and cooling. Building materials, ventilation, building direction, and building area are the important factors to determine building energy efficiency. The study aims to find the role of input variable (independent) on the output variable (dependent) in the form of Heating Load (HL) and Cooling Load (CL). The study employs Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis method which is a variant-based Structural Equation Modeling analysis known as SEM-PLS. The result of the study indicates that the estimation of inner model of the direct influence of Orientation on Cooling Load and Heating Load is not significant. It means the size of the Orientation value does not significantly affect the increase/decrease in Cooling Load and Heating Load. While the direct effect of Overall Height, Wall Area, and Surface Area on Cooling Load and Heating Load is significant. It means that the value of Overall Height, Wall Area, and Surface Area has a significant effect on increasing/decreasing Cooling Load and Heating Load. The results of this study are expected to be useful to help building designers, especially related to energy efficiency in the buildings. In addition, the development of this model can be used as an alternative in determining the factors that affect comfort in a building.
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Köse, Eda, and Gülten Manioğlu. "Evaluation of the Performance of a Building Envelope Constructed with Phase-Change Materials in Relation to Orientation in Different Climatic Regions." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104003.
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Minimizing the effect of climatic conditions and energy consumption in buildings are important issues to be considered in the building design process. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, there is an increase not only in the consumption of heating energy but also cooling energy. Certain passive measures to be taken primarily for the building envelope are necessary in order to reduce energy consumption. Applying a phase-change material on the surface of a building envelope is one of the new approaches for controlling heat transfer through the building envelope during the cooling period. It is known that phase-change materials, which are also considered as modern versions of thermal mass concept, can reduce the of a building’s heating and cooling energy consumption. In this study, a unit with 10m to 10m dimension with one external facade in a 3 storey building was evaluated in two cities, Istanbul and Diyarbakır, in temperate-humid and hot dry climatic regions. In order to reduce heating and cooling loads, a phase-change material was applied on the surface of the building envelope. The thickness of the phase-change material on the applied surface was increased at every step, and different building envelope alternatives were created. Heating and cooling energy consumptions were calculated for different orientations of the external facade. When calculated values are evaluated comparatively, it is seen that as the thickness of the phase-change material increases, the energy loads occurred in the unit decrease gradually. Equally, the performance of the phase-change materials varies depending on the orientation. Therefore, it is possible to determine the optimum thickness and orientation combination of the phase-change material application on a building envelope and reduce heating and cooling energy consumptions.
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Sholahudin, Azimil Gani Alam, Chang In Baek, and Hwataik Han. "Prediction and Analysis of Building Energy Efficiency Using Artificial Neural Network and Design of Experiments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.541.
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Energy consumption of buildings is increasing steadily and occupying approximately 30-40% of total energy use. It is important to predict heating and cooling loads of a building in the initial stage of design to find out optimal solutions among various design options, as well as in the operating stage after the building has been completed for energy efficient operation. In this paper, an artificial neural network model has been developed to predict heating and cooling loads of a building based on simulation data for building energy performance. The input variables include relative compactness, surface area, wall area, roof area, overall height, orientation, glazing area, and glazing area distribution of a building, and the output variables include heating load (HL) and cooling load (CL) of the building. The simulation data used for training are the data published in the literature for various 768 residential buildings. ANNs have a merit in estimating output values for given input values satisfactorily, but it has a limitation in acquiring the effects of input variables individually. In order to analyze the effects of the variables, we used a method for design of experiment and conducted ANOVA analysis. The sensitivities of individual variables have been investigated and the most energy efficient solution has been estimated under given conditions. Discussions are included in the paper regarding the variables affecting heating load and cooling load significantly and the effects on heating and cooling loads of residential buildings.
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Das, Sushmita, Aleena Swetapadma, and Chinmoy Panigrahi. "A STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING THE HEATING AND COOLING LOADS OF BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 3 (June 2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.3.115.
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The prediction of the heating and cooling loads of a building is an essential aspect in studies involving the analysis of energy consumption in buildings. An accurate estimation of heating and cooling load leads to better management of energy related tasks and progressing towards an energy efficient building. With increasing global energy demands and buildings being major energy consuming entities, there is renewed interest in studying the energy performance of buildings. Alternative technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are being widely used in energy studies involving buildings. This paper presents a review of research in the area of forecasting the heating and cooling load of buildings using AI techniques. The results discussed in this paper demonstrate the use of AI techniques in the estimation of the thermal loads of buildings. An accurate prediction of the heating and cooling loads of buildings is necessary for forecasting the energy expenditure in buildings. It can also help in the design and construction of energy efficient buildings.
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Ahn, Ki Uhn, Deuk-Woo Kim, Seung-Eon Lee, Chang-U. Chae, and Hyun Mi Cho. "Temporal Segmentation for the Estimation and Benchmarking of Heating and Cooling Energy in Commercial Buildings in Seoul, South Korea." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711095.
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The building sector is responsible for more than one-third of total global energy consumption; hence, increasingly efficient energy use in this sector will contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. Most existing building-energy-benchmarking methods evaluate building energy performance based on total energy use intensity; however, energy usage in buildings varies with the seasons, and as such, this approach renders the evaluation of cooling and heating energy difficult. In this study, an information gain-based temporal segmentation (IGTS) method was used to identify the seasonal transition times based on patterns of hourly weather and corresponding building energy use. Twelve commercial buildings were considered for the study and four seasons were identified using IGTS; base-load, cooling energy, and heating energy data were gathered. For the 12 buildings, the estimated and measured heating and cooling energy during the summer and winter periods showed a linear relationship (R2 = 0.976), and the average of those differences was 9.07 kWh/m2. In addition, differences in the benchmarking results based on these energies were marginal. The results indicated that the IGTS approach can be effectively used for determining the actual heating and cooling energy consumption in buildings, as well as for energy benchmarking. This can, in turn, improve building energy use, with positive implications for achieving carbon neutrality.
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Shakerin, Mohammad, Vilde Eikeskog, Yantong Li, Trond Thorgeir Harsem, Natasa Nord, and Haoran Li. "Investigation of Combined Heating and Cooling Systems with Short- and Long-Term Storages." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 5709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095709.
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Modern buildings in cold climates, like Norway, may have simultaneous heating and cooling demands. For these buildings, integrated heating and cooling systems with heat pumps, as well as short-term and long-term thermal storage, are promising solutions. Furthermore, combining this integrated system with renewables aids in the transition to future sustainable building energy systems. However, cost-effectively designing and operating such a complicated system is challenging and rarely addressed. Therefore, this research proposed an integrated heating and cooling system that incorporated a short-term water tank and a long-term borehole thermal storage. Meanwhile, three operating modes: heating, cooling, and free cooling were defined based on different heating and cooling load conditions. A detailed system model was developed in MATLAB using heat pump manufacture data as well as simulated and measured building loads. Following that, sensitivity studies were performed to investigate the impacts of ground properties, thermal storage size, setpoint temperature, heat pump characteristics, and load conditions. The findings identified the crucial factors that influence the system’s overall energy efficiency and the functioning of the key system components. Particularly, it revealed that low cooling to heating ratios caused an imbalance in charging and discharging, further reducing the ground temperature and degrading the heat pump’s performance.
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Saipi, Nargjil, Matthias Schuss, Ulrich Pont, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "Comparison of Simulated and Actual Energy Use of a Hospital Building in Austria." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.11.
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This paper compares calculated and measured energy use data (for space heating and cooling) pertaining to a hospital building in Austria. The building's existing energy certificate as well as monitored heating and cooling demand information were acquired from the hospitals administration. Moreover, the energy performance of the building was modeled using a numeric simulation application. Thereby, an extensive effort was made to define model input assumptions (building construction, weather data, internal gains) based on actual circumstances in reality. The results of the study suggest that calculated (energy certificate) and simulated heating loads were reasonably close to actual values, whereas in case of cooling loads considerable discrepancies were observed.
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Mičko, Pavol, Andrej Kapjor, Dávid Hečko, and Marián Pafčuga. "Thermal Comfort Measurement for Wet Floor Cooling System." Advances in Thermal Processes and Energy Transformation 2, no. 3 (2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54570/atpet2019/02/03/0048.
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The trend of constant increase in energy prices can be observed especially on the increased demands on the thermal insulation properties of building structures of buildings. According to European Directive 2010/31 / EU, since 2019 only buildings that meet the energy standards of near zero buildings have to be designed. In practice, the design of the building takes into account, in particular, the shape of the building, its cladding, but also the method and technology for heating, cooling and hot water production. In the case of a family house is considered a specific annual consumption of heat for heating up to 20 kW.h.m-2 floor area. A popular way to achieve low heat consumption is to select an efficient heat source - a heat pump. It is best to combine a heat pump with a heating system with a low temperature gradient. The combination of heat pump and radiant floor heating is very popular. Modern heat pumps also come with the possibility of reversible operation and serve as a source of cold. The following article will therefore address floor radiant cooling and its effect on thermal comfort.
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Albatayneh, Aiman, Dariusz Alterman, Adrian Page, and Behdad Moghtaderi. "The Significance of Temperature Based Approach Over the Energy Based Approaches in the Buildings Thermal Assessment." Environmental and Climate Technologies 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2017-0004.
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Abstract The design of low energy buildings requires accurate thermal simulation software to assess the heating and cooling loads. Such designs should sustain thermal comfort for occupants and promote less energy usage over the life time of any building. One of the house energy rating used in Australia is AccuRate, star rating tool to assess and compare the thermal performance of various buildings where the heating and cooling loads are calculated based on fixed operational temperatures between 20 °C to 25 °C to sustain thermal comfort for the occupants. However, these fixed settings for the time and temperatures considerably increase the heating and cooling loads. On the other hand the adaptive thermal model applies a broader range of weather conditions, interacts with the occupants and promotes low energy solutions to maintain thermal comfort. This can be achieved by natural ventilation (opening window/doors), suitable clothes, shading and low energy heating/cooling solutions for the occupied spaces (rooms). These activities will save significant amount of operating energy what can to be taken into account to predict energy consumption for a building. Most of the buildings thermal assessment tools depend on energy-based approaches to predict the thermal performance of any building e.g. AccuRate in Australia. This approach encourages the use of energy to maintain thermal comfort. This paper describes the advantages of a temperature-based approach to assess the building’s thermal performance (using an adaptive thermal comfort model) over energy based approach (AccuRate Software used in Australia). The temperature-based approach was validated and compared with the energy-based approach using four full scale housing test modules located in Newcastle, Australia (Cavity Brick (CB), Insulated Cavity Brick (InsCB), Insulated Brick Veneer (InsBV) and Insulated Reverse Brick Veneer (InsRBV)) subjected to a range of seasonal conditions in a moderate climate. The time required for heating and/or cooling using the adaptive thermal comfort approach and AccuRate predictions were estimated. Significant savings (of about 50 %) in energy consumption in minimising the time required for heating and cooling were achieved by using the adaptive thermal comfort model.
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We, Chenghui, and Hao Chen. "Thermal energy control in building energy heating system based on building information modelling." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 2941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104941w.
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This article introduces the principle of the glass curtain wall heating and cooling cycle constant temperature control test system in the building energy heating system and studies the constant temperature control strategy of its core cooling and heating circulation system. The author designed an adaptive fuzzy control algorithm with a self-learning function realize the thermal energy constant temperature control of the cooling and heating cycle experimental system and conducted the first model test. The test results show that the thermal energy constant temperature control strategy of the circulatory system and its adaptive fuzzy control algorithm have good control characteristics and effects. During the test, the thermal energy constant temperature control accuracy is within 0.4?C when the system is dynamically heated and cooled, and the temperature fluctuates when the constant temperature is maintained. Within 0.2?C, the test system fully meets the requirements of the American building energy heating AAMA501.5.98 glass curtain wall cycle test standard.
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Nebot, Àngela, and Francisco Mugica. "Energy Performance Forecasting of Residential Buildings Using Fuzzy Approaches." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020720.
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The energy consumption used for domestic purposes in Europe is, to a considerable extent, due to heating and cooling. This energy is produced mostly by burning fossil fuels, which has a high negative environmental impact. The characteristics of a building are an important factor to determine the necessities of heating and cooling loads. Therefore, the study of the relevant characteristics of the buildings, regarding the heating and cooling needed to maintain comfortable indoor air conditions, could be very useful in order to design and construct energy-efficient buildings. In previous studies, different machine-learning approaches have been used to predict heating and cooling loads from the set of variables: relative compactness, surface area, wall area, roof area, overall height, orientation, glazing area and glazing area distribution. However, none of these methods are based on fuzzy logic. In this research, we study two fuzzy logic approaches, i.e., fuzzy inductive reasoning (FIR) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), to deal with the same problem. Fuzzy approaches obtain very good results, outperforming all the methods described in previous studies except one. In this work, we also study the feature selection process of FIR methodology as a pre-processing tool to select the more relevant variables before the use of any predictive modelling methodology. It is proven that FIR feature selection provides interesting insights into the main building variables causally related to heating and cooling loads. This allows better decision making and design strategies, since accurate cooling and heating load estimations and correct identification of parameters that affect building energy demands are of high importance to optimize building designs and equipment specifications.
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Albatayneh, Aiman, Sulaiman Mohaidat, Atif Alkhazali, Zakariya Dalalah, and Mathhar Bdour. "The Influence of Building’s Orientation on the Overall Thermal Performance." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss1.276.
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Containing and then reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions require designing energy efficient buildings which save energy and emit less GHG. Orientation has an impact on the building’s overall thermal performance and designing heating and cooling to reach occupants’ thermal comfort.
Correct orientation is a low cost option to improve occupant's thermal comfort and decrease cooling and heating energy. An appropriate building orientation will allow the desirable winter sun to enter the building and allow ventilation in the summer by facing the summer wind stream. In this paper, a building module in Jordan will be assessed using Design Builder Simulation packages to find the effect of the building orientation on the overall thermal performance.
It was found that the larger windows should be in the southern walls in the northern hemisphere to provide the most heat to the building through the window which allows the sun in winter to enter the building and heat it up. This will reduce the amount required for heating by approximately 35% per annum.
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Liu, Mingzhe, Hicham Johra, Per Kvols Heiselberg, Ivan Kolev, and Kremena Pavlova. "Energy flexibility of office buildings – Potential of different building types." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101052.
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The objective of this study is to investigate and assess the energy flexibility performance of typical Danish office buildings constructed at different periods. Four building study cases have been compared with different heating demands, structural thermal masses, envelope insulation levels and infiltration rates. All cases are equipped with the same novel two-pipe heating and cooling system. Each case is divided in four subcases with variations of heat gains: people load, lighting load, equipment load, solar gain. Analyses and comparisons have been performed on different parameters, including power load shifting and grid adjustment, comfort level, and economical benefits. All investigated cases are tested with two control strategies: a normal reference control strategy and an energy flexibility control. The flexible controller adjusts the indoor temperature set points for heating and cooling depending on different energy price levels.
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Mičko, Pavol, Andrej Kapjor, Šimon Kubas, and Martin Vantúch. "Experimental Verification of the Performance of the Floor Cooling System in Comparison with the Ceiling Cooling System While Maintaining Thermal Comfort in the Environment." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032802004.
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The trend of constantly increasing energy prices can be observed especially in the increased demands on the thermal insulation properties of building structures. The possibilities of reducing the energy intensity of residential buildings also include the right choice of technology for heating, cooling and hot water preparation. Different cooling systems have different proportions of convection and radiant components. This results in a variety of temperature profiles, and thus also directly affect the quality of the environment in terms of thermal comfort. For efficient heating, it is therefore best to choose a cooling system with a minimum temperature gradient in both the horizontal and vertical directions. At the same time, however, the investment costs for the cooling system must be considered. From this point of view, it seems to be most advantageous to use one system for both heating and cooling. From the point of view of comfort, the most suitable choice of cooling system is ceiling cooling. On the contrary, this system is less suitable for heating compared to the floor system. Therefore, if you are considering the design of a system that will be the greater part of the operation for heating the building and during the summer months will be used to increase thermal comfort by cooling in buildings with lower heat loads [1].
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Bergero, S., and A. Chiari. "Validation and calibration of dynamic energy models: energy audit of a public building." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012107.
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Abstract Detailed buildings energy audits require dynamic simulation models based on hourly input data. This paper presents the calibration and validation of an office building energy model for the heating and cooling services. Simulation are carried out by DesignBuilder software. Measured hourly heating and cooling energy supplied by the generation system are used for the calibration of the model. Employee behaviour with reference to occupancy profiles and indoor temperature settings is also considered. A good agreement between measured and simulated data is obtained for both heating and cooling seasons.
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Bigot, Dimitri, Frédéric Miranville, Stéphane Guichard, Edouard Lebon, and Aurélien Jean. "Heating or Cooling Buildings with PV Walls in Reunion Island." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 1150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.1150.
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In Reunion Island, many buildings have been equipped with PV panels on their roofs in order to produce electricity. These PV systems were built to increase the penetration of renewable energies in the public electricity grid and so reduce greenhouse effect gases emissions. This type of installation was designed just in order to produce electricity but many works have shown that PV systems integrated to walls can also cool or heat the buildings. This paper presents how PV systems integrated to building can be used to help meeting energy needs in two microclimates of the island by cooling or heating the building where it is installed. To show this, a building simulation code able to model BIPV buildings is used.
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Chaganti, Rajasekhar, Furqan Rustam, Talal Daghriri, Isabel de la Torre Díez, Juan Luis Vidal Mazón, Carmen Lili Rodríguez, and Imran Ashraf. "Building Heating and Cooling Load Prediction Using Ensemble Machine Learning Model." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 7692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197692.
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Building energy consumption prediction has become an important research problem within the context of sustainable homes and smart cities. Data-driven approaches have been regarded as the most suitable for integration into smart houses. With the wide deployment of IoT sensors, the data generated from these sensors can be used for modeling and forecasting energy consumption patterns. Existing studies lag in prediction accuracy and various attributes of buildings are not very well studied. This study follows a data-driven approach in this regard. The novelty of the paper lies in the fact that an ensemble model is proposed, which provides higher performance regarding cooling and heating load prediction. Moreover, the influence of different features on heating and cooling load is investigated. Experiments are performed by considering different features such as glazing area, orientation, height, relative compactness, roof area, surface area, and wall area. Results indicate that relative compactness, surface area, and wall area play a significant role in selecting the appropriate cooling and heating load for a building. The proposed model achieves 0.999 R2 for heating load prediction and 0.997 R2 for cooling load prediction, which is superior to existing state-of-the-art models. The precise prediction of heating and cooling load, can help engineers design energy-efficient buildings, especially in the context of future smart homes.
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Haj Hussein, M., S. Monna, A. Juaidi, A. Barlet, M. Baba, and D. Bruneau. "Effect of thermal mass of insulated and non-insulated walls on building thermal performance and potential energy saving." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012159.
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Abstract The presented study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal mass in heavyweight construction in residential buildings in Palestine on indoor thermal environment using a building performance simulation tool. The most used residential building types, shapes and sizes were used as typical models for indoor environment performance simulation. The paper used a sensitivity analysis for four different scenarios according to the location of thermal insulation in the wall for two climatic zones, when no heating and cooling was used. The building material’s thermal properties, infiltration, activities, time schedule, electric lighting and glazing selection were based on onsite studies. The results show that the internal thermal mass of the studied buildings influences their thermal performance and future potential energy demand for heating and cooling. Buildings with insulation positioned on the outside, with high thermal mass and high thermal time constant showed the best thermal performance for different climatic zones, whereas buildings without thermal insulation or with insulation from the inside showed the worst thermal performance. The position of thermal insulation will affect potential energy demand for heating and cooling in the residential buildings.
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Nikolic, Danijela, Slobodan Djordjevic, Jasmina Skerlic, and Jasna Radulovic. "Energy Analyses of Serbian Buildings with Horizontal Overhangs: A Case Study." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 4577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174577.
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It is well known that nowadays a significant part of the total energy consumption is related to buildings, so research for improving building energy efficiency is very important. This paper presents our investigations about the dimensioning of horizontal overhangs in order to determine the minimum annual consumption of building primary energy for heating, cooling and lighting. In this investigation, embodied energy for horizontal roof overhangs was taken into account. The annual simulation was carried out for a residential building located in the city of Belgrade (Serbia). Horizontal overhangs (roof and balcony) are positioned to provide shading of all exterior of the building. The building is simulated in the EnergyPlus software environment. The optimization of the overhang size was performed by using the Hooke Jeeves algorithm and plug-in GenOpt program. The objective function minimizes the annual consumption of primary energy for heating, cooling and lighting of the building and energy spent to build overhangs. The simulation results show that the building with optimally sized roof and balcony overhangs consumed 7.12% lessprimary energy for heating, cooling and lighting, compared to the house without overhangs. A 44.15% reduction in cooling energy consumption is also achieved.
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Kamal, Mohammad Arif. "Material Characteristics and Building Physics for Energy Efficiency." Key Engineering Materials 666 (October 2015): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.666.77.
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Current modern technology in construction can dramatically reduce energy consumed in buildings for mechanical heating and cooling. The application of the latest advancements in various technologies including developments in material science, and using environment friendly building materials is of prime concern. The reductions in building envelope heat losses combined with optimized material configuration and the proper amount of thermal insulation and thermal mass in the building envelope help to reduce the building cooling and heating energy demands and building related CO2 emission into the atmosphere. The selection of appropriate building material helps us to use the energy efficiently. This paper presents a brief study about the building physics and material characteristics that helps in selecting proper building materials.
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Albatayneh, Aiman, Mohammed N. Assaf, Renad Albadaineh, Adel Juaidi, Ramez Abdallah, Alberto Zabalo, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Reducing the Operating Energy of Buildings in Arid Climates through an Adaptive Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 13504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013504.
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Due to its excessive energy consumption, the building sector contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The type of thermal comfort models used to maintain the comfort of occupants has a direct influence on forecasting heating and cooling demands and plays a critical role in reducing actual energy usage in the buildings. In this research, a typical residential building was simulated to compare the heating and cooling loads in four different Jordanian climates when using an adaptive thermal model versus the constant setting of temperature limits for air-conditioning systems (19–24 °C). The air-conditioning system with constant temperature settings worked to sustain thermal comfort inside the building, resulting in a significantly increased cooling and heating load. By contrast, significant energy savings were achieved using the temperature limits of an adaptive thermal model. These energy savings equated to 1533, 6276, 3951, and 3353 kWh, which represented 29.3%, 80.5%, 48.5%, and 67.5% of the total energy used for heating and cooling for zones one, two, three, and four, respectively.
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Bre, Facundo, Antonio Caggiano, and Eduardus A. B. Koenders. "Multiobjective Optimization of Cement-Based Panels Enhanced with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials for Building Energy Applications." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145192.
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Thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is a promising technology for improving the thermal performance of buildings and reducing their energy consumption. However, the effectiveness of passive PCMs in buildings depends on their optimal design regarding the building typology and typical climate conditions. Within this context, the present contribution introduces a novel multiobjective computational method to optimize the thermophysical properties of cementitious building panels enhanced with a microencapsulated PCM (MPCM). To achieve this, a parametric model for PCM-based cementitious composites is developed in EnergyPlus, considering as design variables the melting temperature of PCMs and the thickness and thermal conductivity of the panel. A multiobjective genetic algorithm is dynamically coupled with the building energy model to find the best trade-off between annual heating and cooling loads. The optimization results obtained for a case study building in Sofia (Bulgaria-EU) reveal that the annual heating and cooling loads have contradictory performances regarding the thermophysical properties studied. A thick MPCM-enhanced panel with a melting temperature of 22 °C is needed to reduce the heating loads, while a thin panel with a melting temperature of 27 °C is required to mitigate the cooling loads. Using these designs, the annual heating and cooling loads decrease by 23% and 3%, respectively. Moreover, up to 12.4% cooling load reduction is reached if the thermal conductivity of the panels is increased. Therefore, it is also concluded that the thermal conductivity of the cement-based panels can significantly influence the effectiveness of MPCMs in buildings.
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Mahmoud, Rana M., Mohsen Sharifi, Eline Himpe, Marc Delghust, and Jelle Laverge. "Estimation of load duration curves from general building data in the building stock using dynamic BES-models." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101078.
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Modelling and simulation of building stock is a valuable source of information for investigating the feasibility of implementing new heating and cooling system technologies. Some of these technologies have oversizing problem as the designers rely on their experience and previous knowledge. Building stock modelling can provide a solution for more accurate designing process. However, some of the current building stock modelling methods uses a representative building which can exclude whole ranges of the different combinations of building geometry and physical properties that can be crucial for heating and cooling load estimation. Therefore, we developed a methodology that allows faster and accurate building energy simulation (BES) multizone models from general building information of the whole building stock that is able to estimate load duration. This will help engineers and designers to decide on the system sizing at the early design stages. This paper presents first, the process of generating dynamically heating and cooling load duration curves by using BES-models from general geometrical data of the building stock. Second, we examine the process on a sample of the building stock where geometrical and physical parameters were varied. The workflow of the process has worked successfully, generating heating and cooling duration curves for 14 case studies. We observed that heating and cooling loads are highly influenced by different combinations of parameters. High glazing percentage affects highly the heat losses, thus more heating loads. Besides, for a west oriented building, the high glazing percentage combined with high internal gains can be the reason for significant cooling loads. In next steps, we are going to extend the current methodology to cover different building typologies within different climates across Europe.
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Amoruso, Fabrizio, Udo Dietrich, and Thorsten Schuetze. "Development of a Building Information Modeling-Parametric Workflow Based Renovation Strategy for an Exemplary Apartment Building in Seoul, Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124494.
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Apartments in South Korea have high maintenance costs and an average lifetime of 25 years due to poor construction qualities. The common apartment redevelopment strategy is completely demolishing the neighborhoods and then replacing them with new buildings. However, this research discusses the framework for the refurbishment of an existing building in Seoul using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and parametric tools. The virtual model of an exemplary existing building is constructed in a BIM environment. Parametric software is used to simulate the building’s environmental performance, in order to determine its energy demand for heating and cooling and the indoor comfort. In order to reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling, improve the indoor comfort, generate photovoltaic energy and extend the building’s lifetime, a modular building envelope renovation system is developed. Building simulation results of the improved building envelope are used to quantify the differences with the existing building. The research results illustrate significant improvements in energy performance, comfort and lifetime extension that can be achieved. Furthermore, a guideline for a streamlined building optimization process is provided, that can be transferred and used for the planning and optimization of other building renovation projects.
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Stiubianu, George T. "Polymer Nanocomposites for Lowering Heating and Cooling Loads in Buildings." Proceedings 69, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cgpm2020-07165.
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Worldwide, buildings consume over 40% of the total commercial energy, and 36% of this amount is dedicated to the heating and cooling of buildings. Therefore, building environment control systems require efficient thermal management. An ideal thermal management that could lower the energy load for cooling and heating respectively would combine passive strategies for thermal control, which are characterized by low cost, straightforward implementation, and energy efficiency, with the on-demand control of heating and cooling, specific for active thermal management strategies. The scientific challenge of building an efficient platform for thermal control was addressed by using block copolymer materials in the development of nanocomposites with dynamically tunable thermal infrared properties. The polymer nanocomposites manage 60–70% of the metabolic heat flux from sedentary individuals and can modulate changes in the individual body temperature within a set-point temperature range of 8 °C. This increase in the set-point temperature translates into use of air conditioning for cooling/heating with a significantly lowered load, which would further translate into a 4.3% decrease of global energy consumption.
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Vukadinović, Ana, Jasmina Radosavljević, Amelija Đorđević, and Nemanja Petrović. "Impact of green roofing on the energy performance of a residential building with a sunspace." Tehnika 76, no. 3 (2021): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2103281v.
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The construction of green, or vegetated roofs, can mitigate the heat island effect, reduce the energy required for cooling of buildings, allow for efficient precipitation management, improve air quality, increase biological diversity, reduce noise, etc. This paper uses the method of dynamic simulation to investigate how different green roof types influence the energy properties of an individual residential building with a sunspace located in the city of Niš. The obtained results show that when the extensive type of green roof is used on the model of the building with a sunspace, there are no significant changes in the required energy for heating or cooling. The biggest reduction of the energy required for heating and cooling occurs when an intensive green roof is used. In the subvariant of the model with an intensive green roof, the required energy for heating was 0.34% lower while the required energy for cooling was 2.32% lower compared to the model of the building without a green roof
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Ahmad Gondal, Irfan. "Design and experimental analysis of a solar thermoelectric heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system as an integral element of a building envelope." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418814067.
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This study presents an innovative concept of a compact integrated solar-thermoelectric module that can form part of the building envelope. The heating/cooling modes use the photovoltaic electrical current to power the heat pump. The experimental analysis was carried out and the results of coefficient of performance were in the range 0.5–1 and 2.6–5 for cooling and heating functions, respectively. The study demonstrates that thermoelectric cooler can effectively be used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications by integrating with solar panels especially in cooling applications. The system is environmentally friendly and can contribute in the implementation of zero energy buildings concept. Practical application: In order to help address the challenge of climate change and associated environmental effects, there is continuous demand for new technologies and applications that can be readily integrated into day-to-day life as a means of reducing anthropogenic impact. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, as one of the largest energy consumers in buildings, is the focus of many researchers seeking to reduce building energy use and environmental impact. This article proposes using facades and windows that have an integrated modules of solar photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric devices that are able to work together to achieve heating and cooling effects as required by the building without requiring any external operational power.
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Nassif, Nabil, and Iffat Ridwana. "Improving Building Energy Performance Using Dual VAV Configuration Integrated with Dedicated Outdoor Air System." Buildings 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100466.
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As building systems account for almost half of the total energy consumed by the building sector to provide space heating, cooling, and ventilation, efficiently designing these systems can be the key to energy conservation in buildings. Dual VAV systems with an effective control strategy can substantially reduce the energy consumption in buildings, providing a significant scope of further research on this system configuration. This paper proposes to utilize the warm air duct of the dual VAV system as a dedicated outdoor air (DOA) unit when no heating is required, which allows the cooling load to be effectively distributed between two ducts. A specific control sequence is proposed with different supply air temperature reset strategies to estimate the heating, cooling loads, and fan power energy consumption of the proposed system. A simple two-zone office building is taken as a preliminary case study to simulate the airflow rates and fan power of a single duct VAV and proposed dual VAV systems to illustrate the concept. Finally, a larger multi-zone office building is simulated to measure the annual heating, cooling loads, and fan power energy and compare the energy savings among the systems. The results show significant fan power reduction ranging from 1.7 to 9% and notable heating energy reduction up to 76.5% with a small amount of cooling load reduction varying from 0.76 to 2.56% depending on the different locations for the proposed dual VAV systems. Further energy savings from different supply air temperature reset strategies demonstrate the opportunity of employing them according to climates and case studies. The proposed dual VAV system proves to have the potential to be adapted in buildings for the purpose of sustainability and energy savings.
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An, Hyung, Jong Yoon, Young An, and Eunnyeong Heo. "Heating and Cooling Performance of Office Buildings with a-Si BIPV Windows Considering Operating Conditions in Temperate Climates: The Case of Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 4856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124856.
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This study analyzed the heating and cooling performance of an office building in Daegu, Korea, equipped with amorphous-Si (a-Si) building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) windows. EnergyPlus was used to simulate and compare the heating and cooling loads of models for clear glass double-layer, heat-absorbing glass double-layer, and low-emissivity (low-e) glass double-layer windows. In addition, the impact of changes in building operation time, temperature settings, air infiltration from the entrances, and internal load were also analyzed as these all have a large impact on heating and cooling loads. Finally, three types of heating and cooling equipment were tested, and their power and primary energy consumption analyzed, to determine the actual energy used. Under baseline conditions, there was an 18.2% reduction in heating and cooling loads when the BIPV model was used compared to when the clear glass double-layer window was used. In addition, increases in temperature settings and air infiltration from the entrances had a negative effect on the reduction of the heating and cooling loads demonstrating a need for intensive management of these features if a-Si BIPV windows are installed in a building.
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Yan, Mao, Li Zhu, Yi Ping Wang, and Ming Ze Zhu. "Heating and Cooling Performance of Building Integrated Solar Roof Panels." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1735.
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With the high proportion of building energy consumption in the total energy consumption, it is of great importance to relieve the shortage of conventional energy resources and improve the building environment by incorporating solar energy into buildings. A new type solar roof panels were designed and tested in the present paper, which perfectly achieves the integration of solar equipment with building envelope. This panel can act as the construction component for building envelope and completely removes the double-skin mode for conventional solar equipment, as well as the functional equipment for heating and cooling collecting. Corrugated colored steel roof panel was tested under various climate conditions and operation conditions. The results show that in a typical sunny day the average heat collecting efficiency is 49% and the average cooling capacity is 100W/m2. In a cloudy day, the average heat collecting efficiency is 41% and the average cooling capacity is 84W/m2.
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Klubal, Tomáš, and Milan Ostrý. "Integration of PCMs and Capillary Radiant Cooling/Heating to Ensure of Thermal Comfort." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.350.
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The thermal comfort of buildings occupants depends on the physical properties of applied building materials, on the solar heat gains through the transparent part of the external envelope and the mode of heating/cooling and ventilation. Capillary radiant cooling / heating can maintain a state of indoor environment in the required temperature range in accordance with legislative framework. The paper shows possibility how to improve thermal comfort and thermal stability in summer.Presented system uses phase change materials as a latent heat storage medium for better absorption of heat. Microencapsulated phase change materials Micronal® DS 5040 X and DS 5008X were used as latent heat storage medium in combination with gypsum plaster. Activation of phase change materials is carried out by capillary tubes with cooled / heated water circuit. At Institute of Building Structures at Faculty of Civil Engineering are located two rooms for comparative measurements. There were located thermal storage modules in the experimental room. Low- temperature radiant cooling and heating with phase change materials are one of the ways to reduce energy consumption and operating cost for cooling / heating. The paper presents the results of measurements for different modes of operation of cooling and heating.
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Bazazzadeh, Hassan, Peiman Pilechiha, Adam Nadolny, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, and Seyedeh sara Hashemi safaei. "The Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Building Energy Consumption in Poland." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144084.
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A substantial share of the building sector in global energy demand has attracted scholars to focus on the energy efficiency of the building sector. The building’s energy consumption has been projected to increase due to mass urbanization, high living comfort standards, and, more importantly, climate change. While climate change has potential impacts on the rate of energy consumption in buildings, several studies have shown that these impacts differ from one region to another. In response, this paper aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on the heating and cooling energy demands of buildings as influential variables in building energy consumption in the city of Poznan, Poland. In this sense, through the statistical downscaling method and considering the most recent Typical Meteorological Year (2004–2018) as the baseline, the future weather data for 2050 and 2080 of the city of Poznan were produced according to the HadCM3 and A2 GHG scenario. These generated files were then used to simulate the energy demands in 16 building prototypes of the ASHRAE 90.1 standard. The results indicate an average increase in cooling load and a decrease in heating load at 135% and 40%, respectively, by 2080. Due to the higher share of heating load, the total thermal load of the buildings decreased within the study period. Therefore, while the total thermal load is currently under the decrease, to avoid its rise in the future, serious measures should be taken to control the increased cooling demand and, consequently, thermal load and GHG emissions.
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Aye, Lu, and Robert Fuller. "The Proposed Heating and Cooling System in the CH2 Building and Its Impact on Occupant Productivity." Construction Economics and Building 5, no. 2 (November 20, 2012): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v5i2.2958.
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Melbourne's climatic conditions demand that its buildings require both heating and cooling systems. In a multi-storey office building , however, cooling requirements will dominate. How the internal space is cooled and ventilation air is delivered will significantly impact on occupant comfort. This paper discusses the heating and cooling systems proposed for the CH2building. The paper critiques the proposed systems against previous experience, both internationally and in Australia. While the heating system employs proven technologies, less established techniques are proposed for the cooling system. Air movement in the shower towers, for example, is to be naturally induced and this has not always been successful elsewhere. Phase change material for storage of "coolth" does not appear to have been demonstrated previously in a commercial building, so the effectiveness of the proposed system is uncertain. A conventional absorption chiller backs up the untried elements of the cooling system, so that ultimately occupant comfort should not be compromised .
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Hitchin, Roger. "Monthly utilisation factors for building energy calculations." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 3 (December 14, 2016): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416681382.
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Monthly utilisation factors are the basis of many procedures for calculation of monthly heating or cooling requirements for buildings, notably in the procedure described in standard ISO 13790:2008 ‘Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling’, which is widely used for the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Europe. The procedures used to determine the values of the factors are invariably empirical rather than being derived from first principles, with the principal parameter being the ratio between monthly mean heat gains and monthly mean heat losses for the space in question. This article shows that this ratio is inherently insufficient to define the values and illustrates how months with similar values of the ratio can have different utilisation factors. It also shows that, if daily heating requirement is proportional to outdoor temperature, the key building parameter needed to determine the utilisation factor is the familiar base temperature. The base temperature can be expressed in terms of the monthly gain: loss ratio and the mean indoor and external temperatures: the day-to-day frequency distributions of outdoor temperature is also important. Finally, the article demonstrates that, for many situations, the ISO 13790 procedure and a linear model with residuals produce similar estimates of monthly heating requirement. However, this is not true towards the upper end of its observed range. In this situation, the linear model produces lower values for utilisation factors and correspondingly higher heating (and cooling) requirements. This effect is most marked when the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures are close or the space is well-insulated (causing a given heat gain to represent a higher potential temperature difference). Practical application: Monthly utilisation factors are the basis of many procedures for the calculation of monthly heating or cooling requirements for buildings, notably in the procedure described in standard ISO 13790:2008 ‘Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling’, which is widely used for the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Europe. This article shows that an alternative approach based on the concept of energy signatures, although producing very similar results in many situations, is a more robust and extendable basis for monthly heating and cooling energy demand calculations.
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Yang, Hua, Xiang Xiang Sun, Guo Qiang Xia, Chun Hua Sun, and Cai Ling Chen. "The Impact of Double Skin Facade on Building Energy Consumption in Daylighting Control Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3105.
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Energyplus is used to discuss the impact of double skin façade (DSF) on building lights, heating and cooling energy consumption in daylighting control mode by simulating the building lights, heating and cooling energy consumption with different height of double skin façade (DSF) and different air cavity width .Thus the influence rules on the lights, heating and cooling energy in daylighting control mode can be found.
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Kim, Deuk-Woo, Ki-Uhn Ahn, Hyery Shin, and Seung-Eon Lee. "Simplified Weather-Related Building Energy Disaggregation and Change-Point Regression: Heating and Cooling Energy Use Perspective." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101717.
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End-use consumption provides more detailed information than total consumption and reveals the mechanism of energy flow through a given building. Specifically, for weather-sensitive energy end-uses, it enables the prioritization and selection of heating and cooling areas requiring investigation and actions. One of the major barriers to acquiring such heating and cooling information for small- and medium-sized buildings or low-income households is the high cost related to submetering and maintenance. The end-use data, especially for heating and cooling end-uses, of such-sized buildings are a national blind spot. In this study, to alleviate this measurement cost problem, two weather-sensitive energy disaggregation methods were examined: the simplified weather-related energy disaggregation (SED) and change-point regression (CPR) methods. The first is a nonparametric approach based on heuristics, whereas the second is a parametric approach. A comparative analysis (one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and individual comparison) was performed to explore the disaggregation results regarding heating and cooling energy perspectives using a measurement dataset (MEA) from eleven office buildings. The ANOVA results revealed that there was no significant difference between the three groups (SED, CPR, and MEA); rather strong correlation was observed (r > 0.95). Furthermore, an analysis of the building-level comparison showed that the more distinct the seasonal usage in the monthly consumption pattern, the lower the estimation error. Thus, the two approaches appropriately estimated the amount of heating and cooling used compared with the measurement dataset and demonstrated the possibility of mutual complements.
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Budiaková, Mária. "Effective Ventilation and Heating Systems in Office Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.189.
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The paper is oriented on the effective ventilation, heating and cooling systems in office buildings by utilization of renewable energy sources. All these systems must be in mutual harmony and ensure thermal comfort. Ventilation system must use the power of wind, the heated air from the double skin facade, heat recovery system, preheating or cooling in the ground channel. In the summer, there must be used the night natural cooling of building. For the heating is the most suitable to use radiant floor heating (30%) in combination with radiant ceiling heating (70%). The next progressive way is the combination of new concrete core conditioning and floor convector heaters.
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Turski, Michał, and Robert Sekret. "Conceptual adsorption system of cooling and heating supplied by solar energy." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0024.
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Abstract This paper presents the possibility of reducing the demand for nonrenewable primary energy for buildings using a new conceptual adsorption system of cooling and heating supplied by solar energy. Moreover, the aim of this study is to shorten the payback time of investment in the standard adsorption cooling system through its integration with the heating system. Research has been carried out for an energy-efficient medium-sized single-family building with a floor area of 140 m2 and a heat load of 4.2 kW and cold load of 4.41 kW. It has been shown that the use of an adsorption system of cooling and heating supplied by solar energy decreased the demand for nonrenewable primary energy by about 66% compared to the standard building that meets the current requirements.
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Andjelkovic, Bojan, Branislav Stojanovic, Mladen Stojiljkovic, Jelena Janevski, and Milica Stojanovic. "Thermal mass impact on energy performance of a low, medium and heavy mass building in Belgrade." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 2 (2012): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120409182a.
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Heavy mass materials used in building structures and architecture can significantly affect building energy performance and occupant comfort. The purpose of this study was to investigate if thermal mass can improve the internal environment of a building, resulting in lower energy requirements from the mechanical systems. The study was focused on passive building energy performance and compared annual space heating and cooling energy requirements for an office building in Belgrade with several different applications of thermal mass. A three-dimensional building model was generated to represent a typical office building. Building shape, orientation, glazing to wall ratio, envelope insulation thickness, and indoor design conditions were held constant while location and thickness of building mass (concrete) was varied between cases in a series of energy simulations. The results were compared and discussed in terms of the building space heating and cooling energy and demand affected by thermal mass. The simulation results indicated that with addition of thermal mass to the building envelope and structure: 100% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space heating energy requirements, 67% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space cooling energy requirements, 83% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space heating demand and 50% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space cooling demand. The study demonstrated that there exists a potential for reducing space heating and cooling energy requirements with heavy mass construction in the analyzed climate region (Belgrade, Serbia).
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Eggimann, Sven, Robin Mutschler, Kristina Orehounig, and Massimo Fiorentini. "Climate change shifts the trade-of between lower cooling and higher heating demand from daylight saving time in office buildings." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 024001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acb0e3.
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Abstract The original intention of daylight saving time (DST) was to save energy required for artificial lighting. This one-hour shift in working hours, however, also impacts the current and future heating and cooling demand of buildings, which is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, daylight saving time-induced heating and cooling demand of archetype offices across the United States are simulated for 15 cities for different representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate trajectories. DST reduces cooling more than it increases heating. Maximum savings of up to 5.9% for cooling and 4.4% increase in heating were simulated under current climatic conditions, noting that cooling dominates the buildings’ demand during the DST period. Climate change increases future cooling demand, but does not significantly affect the combined (heating and cooling) potential of reducing energy demand when DST is introduced. However, the relative reduction (i.e. decrease in the percentage of total cooling demand) is smaller when considering climate change. The impact of DST on cooling and heating energy demand depends on the geographical location, which determines the amount and temporal pattern of cooling and heating demand. For the considered case studies, introducing DST with climate change generally resulted in overall combined savings with a maximum saving of 3% for Port Angeles, assuming an RCP 4.5 scenario. Policies that shift working hours need to be evaluated considering their impact on building energy demand and it is necessary to establish whether saving cooling or saving heating energy demand can achieve higher CO2 emission reductions.
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Pajek, Luka, and Mitja Košir. "Exploring Climate-Change Impacts on Energy Efficiency and Overheating Vulnerability of Bioclimatic Residential Buildings under Central European Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 6791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126791.
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Climate change is expected to expose the locked-in overheating risk concerning bioclimatic buildings adapted to a specific past climate state. The study aims to find energy-efficient building designs which are most resilient to overheating and increased cooling energy demands that will result from ongoing climate change. Therefore, a comprehensive parametric study of various passive building design measures was implemented, simulating the energy use of each combination for a temperate climate of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The approach to overheating vulnerability assessment was devised and applied using the increase in cooling energy demand as a performance indicator. The results showed that a B1 heating energy efficiency class according to the Slovenian Energy Performance Certificate classification was the highest attainable using the selected passive design parameters, while the energy demand for heating is projected to decrease over time. In contrast, the energy use for cooling is in general projected to increase. Furthermore, it was found that, in building models with higher heating energy use, low overheating vulnerability is easier to achieve. However, in models with high heating energy efficiency, very high overheating vulnerability is not expected. Accordingly, buildings should be designed for current heating energy efficiency and low vulnerability to future overheating. The paper shows a novel approach to bioclimatic building design with global warming adaptation integrated into the design process. It delivers recommendations for the energy-efficient, robust bioclimatic design of residential buildings in the Central European context, which are intended to guide designers and policymakers towards a resilient and sustainable built environment.
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Albatayneh, Aiman. "Optimising the Parameters of a Building Envelope in the East Mediterranean Saharan, Cool Climate Zone." Buildings 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020043.
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Enhancing the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability of buildings is a significant global aim. New construction regulations are, therefore, geared specifically towards low-emission and energy-efficient projects. However, there are numerous and typically competitive priorities, such as making the most of energy usage in residential buildings. This leads to the complex topic of multi-objective optimisation. The primary aim of this research was to reduce the energy consumed for heating and cooling loads in residential buildings in Ma’an City, which is located in the Jordanian Saharan Mediterranean, a cool climate zone. This was achieved by optimising various design variables (window to wall percent, ground floor construction, local shading type, infiltration rate (ac/h), glazing type, flat roof construction, natural ventilation rate, window blind type, window shading control schedule, partition construction, site orientation and external wall construction) of the building envelope. DesignBuilder software (version 6.1) was utilised to run a sensitivity analysis (SA) for 12 design variables to evaluate their influence on both heating and cooling loads simultaneously using a regression method. The variables were divided into two groups according to their importance and a genetic algorithm (GA) was then applied to both groups. The optimum solution selected for the high-importance variables was based on minimising the heating and cooling loads. The optimum solution selected for the low-importance variables was based on the lowest summation of the heating and cooling loads. Finally, a scenario was devised (using the combined design variables of the two solutions) and simulated. The results indicate that the total energy consumption was 1186.21 kWh/year, divided into 353.03 kWh/year for the cooling load and 833.18 kWh/year for the heating load. This was compared with 9969.38 kWh/year of energy, divided into 3878.37 kWh/year for the heating load and 6091.01 kWh/year for the cooling load for the baseline building. Thus, the amount of energy saved was 88.1%, 94.2% and 78.5% for total energy consumption, cooling load and heating load, respectively. However, implementing the modifications suggested by the optimisation of the low-importance variables was not cost-effective, especially the external wall construction and partition construction, and therefore these design variables can be neglected in future studies.
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Hanby, V. I., and A. J. Dil. "Stochastic modelling of building heating and cooling systems." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 16, no. 4 (November 1995): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449501600404.
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Horneț, M., I. L. Cîrstolovean, D. C. Năstac, Ana Diana Ancaș, and M. Profire. "Using the Earth’s Natural Potential for Heating a Building." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2018-0006.
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Abstract It is known the fact that buildings become one of the major energy consumers. In order to ensure thermal comfort in buildings, more and more complex heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems have been used over time, which are currently large primary energy consumers. At the same time, today, the main source of energy production is still the burning of fossil fuels, which is the process leading to significant emissions of greenhouse gases. That is why the current European Union directives enforce both reducing buildings energy consumption with 20% before 2020 and using an amount of 20% of renewable energy. One of the heating systems that best respond to the need to reduce the energy consumption of buildings is the low-temperature radiant heating system., This is the reason why the present paper presents a research project that concerns the use of TABS heating/cooling systems that harness the renewable geothermal energy of the ground provided by a ground-air heat pump in Romania. The experimental research building is one of the research laboratories of the Research, Development, Innovation Institut of Transilvania University of Brasov-Romania In the first cold season of activity for heating the experimental building (2017-2018), the system provided a thermal enegy of 48 MWh, covering 48 % from the amount of the heating load. During the monitored period, the average COP for heating of the heat pump was 4,6. The research will continue to take place, results regarding the economy for cooling the building in the warm season and for the year’s transition periods being expected to follow.
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JUN, LU, DING HAO, ZHANG HONG, and GAO DIAN CE. "COOLING FLOOR AC SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2005): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205028931.
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The present HVAC equipments for the residential buildings in the Hot-summer-and-Cold-winter climate region are still at a high energy consuming level. So that the high efficiency HVAC system is an urgently need for achieving the preset government energy saving goal. With its advantage of highly sanitary, highly comfortable and uniform of temperature field, the hot-water resource floor radiation heating system has been widely accepted. This paper has put forward a new way in air-conditioning, which combines the fresh-air supply unit and such floor radiation system for the dehumidification and cooling in summer or heating in winter. By analyze its advantages and limitations, we found that this so called Cooling/ Heating Floor AC System can improve the IAQ of residential building while keep high efficiency quality. We also recommend a methodology for the HVAC system designing, which will ensure the reduction of energy cost of users.
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Dian, Csenge, Attila Talamon, Rita Pongrácz, and Judit Bartholy. "Analysis of heating and cooling periods in Budapest using station data." Időjárás 125, no. 3 (2021): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28974/idojaras.2021.3.4.
Full textAbstract:
The built environment has a very complex role in cities. On the one hand, various urban climatological phenomena are caused and influenced by buildings (e.g., urban heat island effect, local wind conditions, air pollution). On the other hand, buildings are important contributors to energy use via heating and cooling, e.g. they account for about 40% of total energy consumption on average in Europe. Daily average outdoor temperature is taken into account to design the heating and cooling systems of residential, commercial, or office buildings. That is why we analyzed the available temperature time series of the capital of Hungary, Budapest for the period between 1901 and 2019. The aims of this study are (i) to investigate the changes in temperature data series that influence building energy design parameters, (ii) to analyze the heating and cooling periods in the last 119 years based on different definitions, and (iii) to define a third (transitional) period between the heating and cooling periods. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the variability of warm days is smaller than that of cold days, consequently, the optimal design of heating systems is a greater challenge compared to cooling systems. Furthermore, the length of the temperature-based heating period decreased substantially, while the length of the cooling period increased as a consequence of overall regional warming.
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Petráš, Dušan, Michal Krajčík, Jozef Bugáň, and Emília Ďurišová. "Indoor Environment and Energy Performance of Office Buildings Equipped with a Low Temperature Heating / High Temperature Cooling System." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.36.
Full textAbstract:
Energy performance and indoor environment were investigated in two modern office buildings equipped by a low temperature heating and high temperature cooling system. Both buildings have the facade made of glass. In the first building, radiant panels are suspended under the ceiling in order to create comfortable conditions, natural gas boilers are the installed in order to generate heat and chillers are used to generate cool. The second building has heat pumps installed to provide the building with heat/cool and capillary pipes are embedded in the plaster on the ceiling surface to emit the heat/cool into the occupied space. The energy performance was calculated in accordance with the set of CEN standards for energy certification and is presented in the form of energy certificates. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality were experimentally studied by long-term and short-term measurements and through questionnaires filled in by the occupants themselves. The study has shown that the low temperature heating/high temperature cooling system has the potential to create a comfortable indoor environment at low energy consumption, but the ability of the heating/cooling systems to do so is closely related to the appropriate control of the systems.