Journal articles on the topic 'Building energy monitoring'
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Pan, Chong Chao, and Zheng Qian Feng. "Design of Building Energy Consumption Monitoring System." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1274.
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Building energy consumption has become large energy consumption in our country. In order to realize the full range of buildings energy-saving, this paper designed a building energy monitoring system and which can effective measure, monitor, control and regulate each energy equipment and systems within the building. It makes a large number of dispersed energy data sort, optimization, control and reasonable allocation by combining networking technology and cloud computing technology, forming the construction of community energy overall control, optimization, service and redistribution system. Finally realizes the monitoring, control of buildings energy consumption, achieving the purpose of saving the energy.
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Stojkov, Marinko, Krešimir Crnogorac, Tomislav Alinjak, and Bernarda Crnogorac. "Monitoring and Regulation of Indoor Conditions." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.19443.
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This paper presents research of energy performance analysis performed by Building Energy Management System (BEMS). BEMS is a system/platform integrated with building and it is an enormous improvement in a process to develop nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). Near zero energy consumption stands for energy efficient idea of energy independent buildings for their function during their life time. Here, BEMS with function of monitoring and regulation of cooling energy demand is developed. BEMS regulates function of ventilation fan in area below tin roof and improves working conditions by inside building temperature reduction during summer period. Described technical solution is designed inside RESCUE IPA CBC project.
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Sesotya Utami, Sentagi, Faridah, Na’im A. Azizi, Erlin Kencanawati, M. Akbar Tanjung, and Balza Achmad. "Energy Monitoring System for Existing Buildings in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 42 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184201003.
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Current studies conducted by JICA, AMPRI and IFC-World Bank, reported that large commercial buildings in Indonesia are not energy and water efficient. One of the cause is the lack of regulation. Meanwhile, effective regulations to reduce energy and water consumption are the concern mostly in a new building to obtain a building permit. This strategy is understandable as retrofitting existing buildings are often more difficult to be implemented, and enforcement is still a major issue in Indonesia. Local governments are currently working on streamlining building permit process as well as developing an online monitoring system for existing buildings. By applying a Building Energy Management System (BEMS) enables to reduce energy consumption up to 15%. An energy monitoring system was designed and installed through this research for Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics (DNEEP) building, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. It is a 20 years old two-story building used for educational activities, which consist of classrooms, laboratories, offices and storage spaces. An audit energy was done recently in 2015 where an energy consumption of 261.299,636 kWh/year.m2 was reported. In the existing condition, a power meter is inaccessible and therefore, the only feedback of occupancy behavior in the energy consumption is through the electricity bill. The previous study has shown that building occupants would behave more efficiently if the amount of energy used is notified, and the amount of energy savings are recorded. However, these energy monitoring systems are considered expensive and uniquely tailored for every building. This research aims to design and install a cost effective BEMS based on occupant’s satisfactory assessment of the lighting, acoustics, and air conditioning quality. The data will be used as a decision supporting system (DSS) by building management through the use of a GUI. The design of the interface was based on a survey result from the prospective users. Installed energy monitoring system uses a current sensor with an accuracy of 98% and a precision of 0.04 A while the voltage sensor with an accuracy of 98% and a precision of 0.58 V. The performance testing shows that the number of web clients influences delay of data transmission. The result of the survey shows that GUI is categorized as fair in design without a significant difference between the perceptions of users with and without survey supervision.
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Wang, Qiu Xia, and Chen Lin. "Energy Consumption Prediction and Monitoring System for Steel Structure Residential Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.553.
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Building energy consumption is a large proportion in energy consumption. In order to improve the building energy saving behavior, the building energy consumption prediction should be adopted in practice. Using the expert system to forecast and analyze energy consumption of a steel residential building in the north region, in which the factors: the power saving for buildings and the park electric equipment, heating system control, reclaimed water and solar energy are considered. The network monitoring system is established to realize monitoring energy consumption of buildings and parks. In this case, expert system network monitoring platform can provide managers with energy saving decision-making and environmental parameters and personnel information. Finally, the optimal control for equipments is realized by use of monitoring data.
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Lee, Sang-hak. "Monitoring-Based Building Energy Commissioning Technology." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 41, no. 7 (July 31, 2016): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2016.41.7.765.
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Zulkarnain, Novan. "Energy Monitoring System Berbasis Web." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2524.
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Government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) encourages the energy savings at whole buildings in Indonesia. Energy Monitoring System (EMS) is a web-based solution to monitor energy usage in a building. The research methods used are the analysis, prototype design and testing. EMSconsists of hardware which consists of electrical sensors, temperature-humidity sensor, and a computer. Data on EMS are designed using Modbus protocol, stored in MySQL database application, and displayed on charts through Dashboard on LED TV using PHP programming.
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Seminara, Paola, Behrang Vand, Seyed Masoud Sajjadian, and Laura Tupenaite. "Assessing and Monitoring of Building Performance by Diverse Methods." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031242.
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Buildings are one of the largest contributors to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the world. There is an increased interest in building performance evaluation as an essential practice to design a sustainable building. Building performance is influenced by various terms, for example, designs, construction-related factors such as building envelope and airtightness, and energy technologies with or without micro-generations. How well a building performs thermally is key to determining the level of energy demand and GHG emissions. Building standards and regulations, in combination with assessments (e.g., energy modeling tools) and certifications, provide sets of supports, guidelines and instructions for designers and building engineers to ensure users’ health and well-being, consistency in construction practices and environmental protection. This paper reviews, evaluates and suggests a sequence of building performance methods from the UK perspective. It shows the relationships between such methods, their evolutions and related tools, and further highlights the importance of post-occupancy analysis and how crucial such assessments could be for efficient buildings.
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Pawłowski, Krzystof. "The analysis of energy-saving technologies used in buildings with low energy consumption." Budownictwo i Architektura 18, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 005–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.563.
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Designing, constructing and using of buildings with low energy consumption are a complex process requiring knowledge of architectural design, construction physics and building systems with the use of renewable energy sources (RES). The article presents the legal bases and characteristics of low-energy buildings. Implementation of the binding technical requirements in the field of hygrothermal characteristics consists of monitoring numerous parameters of an entire building, and in particular of its partitions and their joints and building systems. Therefore, the paper presents calculations regarding determining the material systems of building partitions and building joints with the use of professional software. The main part of the article is to establish the impact of energy-saving technologies on the energy consumption of the newly designed buildings, but also of the buildings that are undergoing modernisation processes.
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Phan, Anh Tuan, Thi Tuyet Hong Vu, Dinh Quang Nguyen, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Hang Thi-Thuy Le, and Van Cong Bui. "Data Compensation with Gaussian Processes Regression: Application in Smart Building’s Sensor Network." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 9190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239190.
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Data play an essential role in the optimal control of smart buildings’ operation, especially in building energy-management for the target of nearly zero buildings. The building monitoring system is in charge of collecting and managing building data. However, device imperfections and failures of the monitoring system are likely to produce low-quality data, such as data loss and inconsistent data, which then seriously affect the control quality of the buildings. This paper proposes a new approach based on Gaussian process regression for data-quality monitoring and sensor network data compensation in smart buildings. The proposed method is proven to effectively detect and compensate for low-quality data thanks to the application of data analysis to the energy management monitoring system of a building model in Viet Nam. The research results provide a good opportunity to improve the efficiency of building energy-management systems and support the development of low-cost smart buildings.
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Burgas, Llorenç, Joaquim Melendez, Joan Colomer, Joaquim Massana, and Carles Pous. "Multivariate statistical monitoring of buildings. Case study: Energy monitoring of a social housing building." Energy and Buildings 103 (September 2015): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.069.
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Adán, Antonio, Víctor Pérez, José-Luis Vivancos, Carolina Aparicio-Fernández, and Samuel A. Prieto. "Proposing 3D Thermal Technology for Heritage Building Energy Monitoring." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081537.
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The energy monitoring of heritage buildings has, to date, been governed by methodologies and standards that have been defined in terms of sensors that record scalar magnitudes and that are placed in specific positions in the scene, thus recording only some of the values sampled in that space. In this paper, however, we present an alternative to the aforementioned technologies in the form of new sensors based on 3D computer vision that are able to record dense thermal information in a three-dimensional space. These thermal computer vision-based technologies (3D-TCV) entail a revision and updating of the current building energy monitoring methodologies. This paper provides a detailed definition of the most significant aspects of this new extended methodology and presents a case study showing the potential of 3D-TCV techniques and how they may complement current techniques. The results obtained lead us to believe that 3D computer vision can provide the field of building monitoring with a decisive boost, particularly in the case of heritage buildings.
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Tanasa, Cristina, Cristina Becchio, Stefano Paoloc Corgnati, Valeriu Stoian, and Daniel Dan. "Calibration of a building energy model using operation conditions derived from monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103073.
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Building energy modelling and simulations play an important role in the design of energy efficient buildings but also in post-construction phases for commissioning, operation and optimization. With the use of data from monitoring systems related to the operation conditions of a building, calibrated simulations can be performed that accurately follow the real energy performance of a building. This paper present a procedure to achieve a calibrated building energy model simulation using monitoring data. The aim of the study is to verify/validate the results of the building energy model simulation against measured data. The study is based on an existing highly energy efficient building, which is continuously monitored in terms of energy consumptions and environmental parameters for several years now. The performance of the building energy model was assessed using statistical indices. The monthly total energy consumption comparison between simulated and measured shows that the building energy model managed to predict very closely the measured values. The accuracy of the building energy model in predicting air temperature was assessed as well.
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Yang, Zong Liang, and Yan Min Zhang. "Design of Building Energy Consumption Monitoring Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1066.
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The present study analyzed data collection, coding and transmission modes involved in building energy consumption monitoring platform. By analyzing and designing the functions, data collection and management of the system, data analysis and display, data monitoring and remote control, monitoring and prediction and analysis of pipe network, it proposed a design framework of the building energy consumption monitoring platform; and made a verification in the campus building energy consumption monitoring platform, which realized the real-time data collection of energy consumption monitoring and the dynamic monitoring of building energy consumption, and improved the decision level of intelligent building management.
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Boros, Iosif, Dan Stoian, Tamás Nagy-György, and Valeriu Stoian. "Monitoring system of an energy efficient school building." ITM Web of Conferences 29 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192902009.
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The paper presents details regarding the implemented monitoring system of heat loss, interior comfort and energy consumption particularities of an energy efficient school building in Romania. Despite the fact that there is an emphasis on energy saving and sustainability in the building industry legislation and policies, there are still too few examples of good practice at local level. Recent trends have brought changes in how designers solve specific details like thermal insulation thicknesses and use of renewable energy but further improvement is required for a more detailed understanding of the entire building's energy balance behaviour both on overall and specific details level. Therefore, a complex monitoring system was built in a carefully designed and constructed school building in order to collect relevant real-time data of every specific part of the thermal envelope, the HVAC systems and interior comfort parameters. The main purpose of the system is to highlight the order of magnitude of the differences between the design and the real-time values of the most significant parameters, the importance of each detail and also the need of further research development in this field.
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Motuzienė, Violeta. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE OFFICE BUILDING SYSTEMS’ MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE LONG-TERM MONITORING DATA." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 14 (August 24, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2022.17251.
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Climate change and its consequences pose an existential threat to Europe and the world, where more than 75% of the European Union’s greenhouse gas emissions come from energy production. For this reason, it is very important to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, as the building sector is one of the biggest energy consumers with an impact on the still untapped potential for energy savings. Although buildings are constructed and certified as energy efficient, their in-use consumption is often significantly higher than expected. Especially significant in energy consumption between design and actual consumption are found in office buildings. The higher energy consumption is due to factors related to the design and operation phases. Researchers often emphasize the management of a building’s engineering systems as one of the key factors influencing a building’s energy consumption. The article analyses the existing office building and evaluates the efficiency of its energy using systems’ management based on long-term monitoring data. After identifying which systems are managed inefficiently, several management strategies have been proposed and evaluated. It was found that with simple management strategies heating energy reduction is about 20% per year.
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Yu, Wei, Wei Teng Li, and Mei Juan Huo. "A Certain City Public Building Energy Consumption and Energy Saving of Economic Research and Statistics." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2842.
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In this paper, the main public buildings, Lang fang City, Hebei province, the research summary and statistical power to the city building a sewage treatment plant sewage source heat pump system operating on-site monitoring, the monitoring results of economic analysis with traditional heating methods from the initial investment and operation of both comprehensive economic analysis and comparison.
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Dey, Maitreyee, Soumya Prakash Rana, and Sandra Dudley. "A Case Study Based Approach for Remote Fault Detection Using Multi-Level Machine Learning in A Smart Building." Smart Cities 3, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3020021.
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Due to the increased awareness of issues ranging from green initiatives, sustainability, and occupant well-being, buildings are becoming smarter, but with smart requirements come increasing complexity and monitoring, ultimately carried out by humans. Building heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) units are one of the major units that consume large percentages of a building’s energy, for example through their involvement in space heating and cooling, the greatest energy consumption in buildings. By monitoring such components effectively, the entire energy demand in buildings can be substantially decreased. Due to the complex nature of building management systems (BMS), many simultaneous anomalous behaviour warnings are not manageable in a timely manner; thus, many energy related problems are left unmanaged, which causes unnecessary energy wastage and deteriorates equipment’s lifespan. This study proposes a machine learning based multi-level automatic fault detection system (MLe-AFD) focusing on remote HVAC fan coil unit (FCU) behaviour analysis. The proposed method employs sequential two-stage clustering to identify the abnormal behaviour of FCU. The model’s performance is validated by implementing well-known statistical measures and further cross-validated via expert building engineering knowledge. The method was experimented on a commercial building based in central London, U.K., as a case study and allows remotely identifying three types of FCU faults appropriately and informing building management staff proactively when they occur; this way, the energy expenditure can be further optimized.
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Anduła, Angelika, and Dariusz Heim. "Photovoltaic systems – types of installations, materials, monitoring and modeling - review." Acta Innovations, no. 34 (March 1, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.34.4.
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Photovoltaic systems have become a common solution for, both small residential buildings as well as large service buildings. When buildings are being designed, it is important to focus on the aspect of the object’s energy efficiency as lowering the energy consumption of a given facility is crucial. The article discusses the use of photovoltaic panels such as so-called BAPV (Building Applied Photovoltaics) and BIPV (Building Installed Photovoltaics) installations as well as photovoltaic thermal systems (PV/T), which generate both electricity and heat. The role of PV installation in so-called zero energy buildings and proposals for future research and solutions are also discussed.
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Huh, Jun-Ho, and Jong Hyuk Park. "Decrepit Building Monitoring Solution for Zero Energy Building Management Using PLC and Android Application." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051993.
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Since power line communication (PLC) technology has been considered a platform technology for smart metering, this study introduces an analogous system technology for the PLC-based monitoring systems in zero energy building management. This technology allows a system operator or an operation center to monitor, calculate, or manage power use remotely through the existing power line so that individual suppliers will be able to grasp the present condition of power use and respond to any unexpected incidents. As in any country, many old buildings in Korea are repaired to be used for 40–50 years or even longer since constructing new ones is expensive. Because remodeling old buildings is not only expensive but also generates construction waste, repairing is the preferred alternative in many cases. With the expectation that the proposed platform technology will be one of the promising technologies for sustainable building, its uninterrupted power usage monitoring and remote power control/management functions will be quite useful for economizing power with convenience. A system with such a PLC-based design and algorithm can be quite scalable as well. As the major contribution of this study, a solution suitable for decrepit buildings or apartments has been developed by using the PLC technology, and the test bed experiment was conducted for it. The result showed that the solution worked flexibly and efficiently. Since it is impossible to install a new network especially in the case of decrepit buildings, PLC must be used through the existing power line. Thus, a decrepit building monitoring system has been proposed in this study for a sustainable building. The proposed solution was simulated with OPNET simulation first. Following the mounting of the actual PLC product and development of a monitoring application to complete the platform/solution, it is being tested at the test bed in a decrepit building.
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Magrini, Anna, and Giorgia Lentini. "NZEB Analyses by Means of Dynamic Simulation and Experimental Monitoring in Mediterranean Climate." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184784.
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The reduction of energy consumption in the building sector has promoted the spread of the NZEB (Nearly Zero Energy Building) model. A future target is represented by positive-energy buildings (PEB), which produce more energy than they consume. The study is centred on the examination of some peculiarities of NZEB through a case study and on the analysis of opportunities for further increase in energy performance, to trace the road that each designer should take, through an extensive evaluation of the potentials variations on the project that could lead to better results. The project assessments are developed through a dynamic simulation model and the data from the monitoring of the building’s performance are used to evaluate the actual energy saving conditions. The analyses demonstrate the importance of an accurate design of the envelope and technical building systems associated with a smart management of the control systems and the setting of the set points, for the optimal operation of the systems. Ambitious but feasible design choices and an accurate analysis of the possibility of increasing the energy performance of a NZEB can lead to reaching the PEB target and energy independence, enhancing the production of energy from renewable sources.
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Borowski, Marek, Piotr Mazur, Sławosz Kleszcz, and Klaudia Zwolińska. "Energy Monitoring in a Heating and Cooling System in a Building Based on the Example of the Turówka Hotel." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081968.
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The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.
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Skoruppa, Linda, Ulrich Pont, Matthias Schuss, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "Thermal Comfort in a Refurbished Low-Energy House: The OEKOHAUS Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.70.
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This contribution presents the results of a long-term thermal comfort monitoring effort in the so-called OEKOHAUS building in Petronell, Lower Austria. This building mainly acts as an educational facility for the Museum of Natural History of Vienna and includes also office and short-term occupancy spaces. It was established in an existing building, adapted and refurbished in 1996. At the time of refurbishment, it clearly exceeded the applicable standard thermal requirements for building elements. Given the building's unique mixed use, it displays a highly fluctuating occupancy pattern. Subsequent to the recent installment of energy and indoor climate monitoring system, multiple streams of data are being collected. Specifically, indoor environmental variables relevant to thermal comfort in a number of zones in the building have been monitored and evaluated. Collected data include indoor temperature and relative humidity, which were represented and analyzed for different zones of the building in terms of psychrometric charts (for a monitoring period in Winter 2012/13). Moreover, indoor CO2 concentration was monitored to address indoor air quality conditions. The paper presents the monitoring results and their meaning within the larger context of a monitoring-based holistic building performance assessment strategy.
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Piselli, Cristina, Alessio Guastaveglia, Jessica Romanelli, Franco Cotana, and Anna Laura Pisello. "Facility Energy Management Application of HBIM for Historical Low-Carbon Communities: Design, Modelling and Operation Control of Geothermal Energy Retrofit in a Real Italian Case Study." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 6338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236338.
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The highest challenge of energy efficiency of building stock is achieving improved performance in existing buildings and, especially, in heritage buildings which per se are characterized by massive limitations against the implementation of the most sophisticated solutions for energy saving. In Italy, historical buildings represent more than 30% of the building stock and the vast majority require energy retrofit, while ensuring the preservation of the heritage value and acceptable comfort conditions. In this context, historical buildings must be retrofitted and re-functioned by introducing innovative technologies aimed at reducing energy consumption and improving human comfort, health, and safety. To this aim, this study implements the Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) approach for the integrated modeling, monitoring, management, and maintenance of a novel geothermal system involving horizontal ground source heat exchangers (GHEXs) coupled to an adsorption heat pump for the energy refurbishment of historical buildings. In detail, a rural building part of a medieval complex in Perugia, Central Italy, is considered as a pilot case study. The analysis stresses the potential of the Facility Management (FM) applications of HBIM to provide a tool for the human-centric operational management control of the building energy performance and indoor comfort when combined with the building monitoring and supervision system. Therefore, this integrated HBIM approach may drive the path towards the user-centric re-functioning of heritage buildings.
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Zhao, Liang, Jili Zhang, and Ruobing Liang. "Data Acquisition and Transmission System for Building Energy Consumption Monitoring." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/613043.
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Building energy consumption monitoring and management system have been developed widely in China in order to gain the real-time data of energy consumption in buildings for analyzing it in the next state work. This paper describes a low-cost and small-sized collector based on the STM32 microcontroller, which can be placed in a building easily to implement the work of data acquisition, storage, and transmission. The collector gathers the electricity, water, heat, and energy consumption data through the RS485 field bus and stores the data into an SD card with mass storage, finally, using Internet to finish the communication and transmission to data server through TCP protocol. The collector has been used in application for two years, and the results show that the system is reliable and stable.
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Fu, Yijun, Shicong Zhang, Xi Chen, and Wei Xu. "Sino-American Building Energy Standards Comparison and Recommendations towards Zero Energy Building." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810050.
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Building energy conservation has gained tremendous interest since the 1970s energy crisis. Building energy standards have been established as prescribed guidelines for energy savings in buildings worldwide, among which those from China and the United States of America (USA) are representative of their advanced concept, comprehensive content and prospective guidance. This paper collected and generalized the main building energy standards in China (GB50189, JGJ26, JGJ134 and JGJ75) and the USA (ASHRAE 90.1), in terms of updating history, current status, energy saving potential and future development directions. Furthermore, a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the selected standards was performed. The results show that China has a more intact and comprehensive building energy standard system, better implementation, higher improvement in energy saving rates, and a more perspicacious upgrade towards zero-energy target, which results in effective energy savings in buildings. The ASHRAE standards have more fixed chapter framework, integrity and independence between versions, more detailed classification of building envelope and HVAC systems but less effective energy-saving effect and relatively poor implementation. The actual efficiency of standards in building energy saving is synthetically determined by the standard content, efficient implementation and explicit guidelines for future development, which is achieved through four main procedures. Based on the results, recommendations have been proposed for the future development of building energy standards with the ultimate goal toward zero energy buildings.
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Liang, Chuan Zhi, and Meng Meng Lu. "Research on the Remote Monitoring System of Building Energy Consumption Based on GSM/GPRS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.782.
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The paper aim the remote monitoring system of energy consumption in buildings based on GSM/GPRS by a case, and introduces the system framework, operating mode, transmission technology, equipments and installation requirements, as well as illustrating software composition and function of the data center. The system can reflect classified electricity consumption in monitored buildings correctly. It not only understand situation of energy consumption in real-time, but also offers basic data for further energy auditing and energy efficiency assessment. The conclusion can develop management of building energy consumption and increase the building energy efficiency.
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Pan, Jian Li, Shan Zhi Chen, Raj Jain, and Subharthi Paul. "Energy Sensing and Monitoring Framework with an Integrated Communication Backbone in the Energy Efficient Intelligent Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1460.
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Building environments are significant sources of global energy consumption. To create energy efficient buildings, the first step is to sense and monitor all the energy-consuming appliances in the buildings and record all the energy consumption information. After that, appropriate energy saving policies can be decided and the instructions can be sent to the control devices to apply the energy saving adjustments. To do that, in-building two-way communication networks are needed to connect all the sensors to collect information as well as to send control instructions. However, most of the current devices are provided by separate manufacturers and with separate network infrastructures and so there is not much integration and interaction among different subsystems. In this paper, we envision a new energy sensing and monitoring framework with integrated communication backbone in the intelligent building environments. Specifically, through comprehensive comparisons and investigations, we study different candidate communicating media and protocols like wireline, wireless, and power-line communications technologies that potentially can be used in the intelligent buildings to realize the goals of coordination, integration, and energy efficiency. Also, we propose an extension "smart box" for integration of the devices before the maturity of the standardization process. Cloud computing and smart phone technologies are also introduced to realize the goals of improving energy efficiency and promote global sustainability.
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Boros, I., D. Stoian, V. Stoian, and T. Nagy-Gyorgy. "Energy Efficient School Building HVAC Systems Monitoring Plan." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2016-0012.
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Abstract The paper presents aspects regarding the component of the HVAC system and their monitoring system of a school building, which use both energy efficient concepts and renewable energy solutions
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Perisoglou, E., M. Ionas, J. Patterson, and P. Jones. "Building monitoring protocol development for deep energy retrofit." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 329 (October 11, 2019): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/329/1/012038.
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Mota, Lia, Alexandre Mota, Cláudia Pezzuto, Marcius Carvalho, Marina Lavorato, Lorenzo Coiado, and Everton Oliveira. "Development of a Surface Temperature Sensor to Enhance Energy Efficiency Actions in Buildings." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093046.
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The air temperature increase in urban centers can lead to problems such as increased energy consumption associated to air conditioning, the intensification of pollution, human discomfort and health problems. In this context, the building envelope plays an important role in urban thermal equilibrium. Energy efficiency rating systems for buildings (LEED—Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, AQUA—High Environmental Quality, PROCEL Edifica, etc.) stimulate energy efficiency actions in the built environment, considering, for example, the envelope and energy efficiency initiatives in buildings. Research carried out recently has shown that monitoring of buildings can provide important information about building performance, supporting building control strategies and enabling actions aimed at improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort. More specifically, wireless sensors are also being used to monitor buildings. This work proposes and presents the development of a surface temperature sensor that can support actions to enhance energy efficiency in the built environment, meeting the requirements proposed by the energy efficiency rating systems of buildings. This sensor must have characteristics such as low cost, the storage capacity of a large amount of data and the possibility of remote monitoring of the collected temperatures. Computer simulations and validation tests were carried out showing that the proposed sensor allows the remote monitoring (using a wireless transmission system) of the surface temperature in buildings, respecting the requirements of high storage capability and low cost.
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Chen, Shang Yuan. "USE OF GREEN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING IN THE ASSESSMENT OF NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING DESIGN." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 27, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2019.10797.
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In the face of extreme climate, Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) represent a very high standard of building energy conservation. The design of NZEBs requires continuous design improvement and analysis in a decision-making process that seeks to meet energy conservation goals. This paper recommends the use of green Building Information Modelling (BIM) to support the design of zero-energy buildings. The design of NZEBs requires two sets of tasks: First, it requires determination of whether the building will offer high-energy efficiency, and, second, it lacks the installation of sufficient renewable energy equipment to meet the building’s load needs. After drawing on the spirit of the United States’ Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and considering the current situation in Taiwan, this paper recommends the use of electricity Energy Usage Intensity as a measurement unit providing a holistic indicator of energy usage and takes optimized energy performance as a performance target for various solutions. This study demonstrated procedural steps in the application of green BIM and analyzed restrictions on the implementation of green BIM to the analysis of NZEB design.
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Costantine, Georges, Chadi Maalouf, Tala Moussa, and Guillaume Polidori. "Monitoring of a Hemp Lime External Building Insulation." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103046.
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In a context of promoting energy efficiency, building sector has undergone a notable evolution towards innovative construction insulation materials such as hemp concrete, in order to reduce buildings energy bills and environmental impact. Hemp-Concrete finds application as internal or external thermal insulator in wooden frame walls. In that context, a French building in Grand-Est region, employing Hemp-Concrete as an external insulator is selected and studied. An apartment is monitored for several months. Indoor temperatures, and relative humidities as well as external weather conditions are measured using sensors installed inside the apartment and a weather station placed at the building roof. Indoor comfort analysis shows satisfactory results according to ASHREA standards. Experimental approach is then coupled with a numerical validation at room scale using SPARK simulation tool. Investigations are conducted on indoor office air temperature and relative humidity. Results show a good agreement between numerical values and experimental measurements.
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Gaile, Liga, and Ivars Radins. "EVALUATION OF VIBRATION-BASED GLOBAL STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING METHOD FOR MEDIUM-RISE BUILDINGS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol1.6598.
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The automated monitoring of a building’s structural health during its exploitation is a way to extend its design life without compromising structural safety. In turn, it helps increase the rate of building renovation works compared to demolition works, which reduces future construction and demolition waste levels.This research explores the vibration-based global monitoring method application to structurally stiff medium-rise reinforced concrete buildings by analysing predicted building vibration amplitudes and spectrum under regular city traffic excitation. These predictions are based on the results obtained from finite element calculations of building models with variated structural stiffness and inertial mass of the building.Regular traffic-generated ground frequency spectrum differs from the first natural frequencies of medium-rise reinforced concrete buildings, and the vibration energy is low. Nevertheless, it is found that the structural identification of such building dynamic parameters is still possible, particularly natural frequencies. It was found that the ratio between fundamental frequency for the fixed base model of the building and elastic spring foundation model is the decisive parameter for selecting the building part to be monitored. Structural health monitoring vibration-based methods are also a promising technology for medium-rise mass house buildings when tailored according to some damage sensitive feature.
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Kim, Young Ki, Lindita Bande, Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul, and Hasim Altan. "Dynamic Energy Performance Gap Analysis of a University Building: Case Studies at UAE University Campus, UAE." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010120.
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As a result of an increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings with a better experience of user comfort, the built environment sector needs to consider the prediction of building energy performance, which during the design phase, is achieved when a building is handed over and used. There is, however, significant evidence that shows that buildings do not perform as anticipated. This discrepancy is commonly described as the ‘energy performance gap’. Building energy audit and post occupancy evaluation (POE) are among the most efficient processes to identify and reduce the energy performance gap and improve indoor environmental quality by observing, monitoring, and the documentation of in-use buildings’ operating performance. In this study, a case study of UAE university buildings’ energy audit, POE, and dynamic simulation were carried out to first, identify factors of the dynamic energy performance gap, and then to identify the utility of the strategy for reducing the gap. Furthermore, the building energy audit data and POE were applied in order to validate and calibrate a dynamic simulation model. This research demonstrated that the case study building’s systems were not operating as designed and almost a quarter of the cooling energy was wasted due to the fault of the building facility management of the mechanical systems. The more research findings were discussed in the paper.
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Rolando, Davide, Willem Mazzotti Pallard, and Marco Molinari. "Long-Term Evaluation of Comfort, Indoor Air Quality and Energy Performance in Buildings: The Case of the KTH Live-In Lab Testbeds." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 4955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15144955.
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Digitalization offers new, unprecedented possibilities to increase the energy efficiency and improve the indoor conditions in buildings in a cost-efficient way. Smart buildings are seen by many stakeholders as the way forward. Smart buildings feature advanced monitoring and control systems that allow a better control of the buildings’ indoor spaces, but it is becoming evident that the massive amount of data produced in smart buildings is rarely used. This work presents a long-term evaluation of a smart building testbed for one year; the building features state-of-the-art monitoring capability and local energy generation (PV). The analysis shows room for improving energy efficiency and indoor comfort due to non-optimal control settings; for instance, average indoor temperatures in all winter months were above 24 °C. The analysis of electricity and domestic hot water use has shown a relevant spread in average use, with single users consuming approximately four times more than the average users. The combination of CO2 and temperature sensor was sufficient to pinpoint the anomalous operation of windows in wintertime, which has an impact on energy use for space heating. Although the quantification of the impact of users on the overall energy performance of the building was beyond the scope of this paper, this study showcases that modern commercial monitoring systems for buildings have the potential to identify anomalies. The evidence collected in the paper suggests that this data could be used to promote energy-efficient behaviors among building occupants and shows that cost-effective actions could be carried out if data generated by the monitoring and control systems were used more extensively.
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VU, Thi Tuyet Hong, Benoit DELINCHANT, Anh Tuan PHAN, Van Cong BUI, and Dinh Quang NGUYEN. "A Practical Approach to Launch the Low-Cost Monitoring Platforms for Nearly Net-Zero Energy Buildings in Vietnam." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 4924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134924.
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Buildings with solar rooftops have become vital objects in the energy transition in Vietnam. In this context, the demand for research on energy management solutions to use energy efficiently and increase PV energy absorption capacity is rising. In this paper, we present a practical route to developing a low-cost monitoring platform to meet the building energy management in the country. First, our project built a monitoring architecture with high-density wireless sensors in an office building in Vietnam. Next, we discussed the influence of significant obstacles such as technical issues, users, and cost on the resilience and reliability of the monitoring system. Then, we proposed essential solutions for data quality improvement by testing sensors, detecting wireless sensor network errors, and compensating for data losses by embedding machine learning. We found the platform’s potential in developing a rich database of building characteristics and occupants. Finally, we proposed plans exploiting the data to reduce wasted energy in equipment operation, change user behaviors, and increase auto-consumption PV power. The effectiveness of the monitoring platform was an approximate 62% energy reduction in the first year. The results are a cornerstone for implementing advanced research as modeling and real-time optimal control toward nearly zero-energy buildings.
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Wang, Jing. "Based on RFID Prefabricated Building Component Design and Monitoring System Research." Advanced Materials Research 983 (June 2014): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.359.
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Long-term since, our country concrete building mainly adopts the construction of the traditional mode of production, design and build extensive, poor operation condition, high labor intensity, large building materials loss and building garbage, construction quality is not stable, the whole life cycle of building energy consumption is high, the low degree of industrialization, and the energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection policies carried out by the state. Prefabricated buildings are the main characteristics of the sustainable development of construction industry, the integration of the supply chain of the project life cycle, emphasizes the decisive automation and intelligent technology. The emergence of the RFID theory for the research of prefabricated construction provides a new perspective.
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Despa, Dikpride, Gigih Forda Nama, Trisya Septiana, and Muhammad Bayu Saputra. "Audit Energi Listrik Berbasis Hasil Pengukuran dan Monitoring Besaran Listrik pada Gedung A Fakultas Teknik Unila." Electrician 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v15n1.2180.
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Intisari — Gedung A Fakultas Teknik Unila berlokasi di Jalan S. Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung. Penggunaan energi listrik pada gedung A ini tidak tercatat secara pasti karena memang belum tersedia kWh Meter tersendiri pada Gedung, sehingga tidak dapat dipastikan apakah penggunaan energi sudah efisien atau belum. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan audit penggunaan energi listrik guna mengetahui nilai Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE) yang memberikan informasi tingkat efisiensi penggunaan energinya. Pengukuran konsumsi energi secara langsung adalah metode audit yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan nilai aktual dan peluang dalam rangka konservasi dan efisiensi energi. Dari hasil pengukuran diperoleh nilai IKE adalah 9,487kWh/m2/bulan dan termasuk kategori efisien untuk gedung ber AC menurut Peraturan Menteri ESDM No.13 Tahun 2012, namun demikian beberapa peralatan penggunaannya masih boros energi sehingga dimungkinkan adanya peluang yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjadi lebih efisien. Rekomendasi yang diberikan berkenaan dengan hasil audit dan temuan di lapangan adalah dengan menggunakan peralatan peralatan hemat energi, mengatur suhu ruangan yang tidak melebihi 10% lebih rendah dari suhu diluar ruangan, melakukan perawatan berkala terhadap peralatan listrik, menutup jendela ketika AC sedang nyala, memasang door closer pada pintu utama serta disiplin dalam pengoperasian peralatan listrik. Rekomendasi ini dapat menurunkan nilai IKE menjadi 8,424 kwh/m2/bulan (sangat efisien).Kata kunci — Audit Energi, IKE, Bangunan Gedung FT-Unila, Efisiensi Energi
Abstract — A building Faculty of Engineering Unila is located at Jalan S. Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung. The use of electrical energy in A building is not recorded definitively because it’s not available kwh meter in building it’s own, so it can’t be ascertained whether the use of energy is efficient or not. Therefore, it is necessary to audit the use of electrical energy in order to know the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) that provides information on the level of energy efficiency. Energy audits on buildings not only provide efficient level of information, but also provide recommendations for actions that can be taken to achieve efficient value without compromising the sense of comfort in conducting activities in the space in each audited building. Direct measurement of energy consumption is an audit method conducted in this research to obtain actual value and opportunities in the framework of energy conservation and efficiency. From the measurement obtained IKE value is 9,487kwh/m2/month and belongs to the efficient category for air-conditioned buildings according to Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No.13 of 2012, but nevertheless some equipment use is still wasteful of energy so that there are possible opportunities that can be done to be more efficient. Recommendations given with regard to the results of audits and findings in the field are to use energy efficient equipment, regulate room temperature that does not exceed 10% lower than the outdoor temperature, perform periodic maintenance of electrical equipment, close windows when the air conditioner is on, install door closers on the main door and discipline in the operation of electrical equipment. This recommendation can reduce the value of IKE to 8,424 kwh/m2/month (very efficient).Keywords— Energy Audit, IKE, the building of FT-Unila, energy eficiency
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Mataloto, Bruno, Daniel Calé, Kaiser Carimo, Joao C. Ferreira, and Ricardo Resende. "3D IoT System for Environmental and Energy Consumption Monitoring System." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031495.
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Energy consumption in buildings depends on the local climate, building characteristics, and user behavior. Focusing on user interaction, this research work developed a novel approach to monitoring and interaction with local users by providing in situ context information through graphic descriptions of energy consumption and indoor/outdoor environment parameters: temperature, luminosity, and humidity, which are routinely measured in real-time and stored to identify consumption patterns and other savings actions. To involve local users, collected data are represented in 3D color representation using building 3d models. A simplified color scale depicts environmental comfort (low/comfortable/high temperature/relative humidity) and energy consumption (above/below usual patterns). We found that these indices induced user commitment and increased their engagement and participation in saving actions like turning off lights and better management of air conditioning systems.
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Tantiwanit, Kornkamon. "Establishing Energy Consumption Benchmarks of Office Buildings in Bangkok." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 5, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v5i1.169213.
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This paper presents energy consumption benchmarks of office buildings based on the local contextof Bangkok in terms of kWh/m2/month and kWh/m2/year. The benchmark is important as a starting pointof systematic energy management in office buildings. It has potential to identify energy performance of anoffice building by comparing against others. If the building performs lower than the standard, the benchmarkoffers a realistic energy goal. Then systematic energy management—establishing action plan, implementingstrategies, monitoring energy consumption and continuous improvement—can be continued.
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Ling, Zaixun, Qian Tao, Jingwen Zheng, Ping Xiong, Manjia Liu, Ziwei Xiao, and Wenjie Gang. "A Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Method for Office Buildings Based on Random Forest." Buildings 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100449.
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Load monitoring can help users learn end-use energy consumption so that specific energy-saving actions can be taken to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. Nonintrusive monitoring (NIM) is preferred because of its low cost and nondisturbance of occupied space. In this study, a NIM method based on random forest was proposed to determine the energy consumption of building subsystems from the building-level energy consumption: the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system; lighting system; plug-in system; and elevator system. Three feature selection methods were used and compared to achieve accurate NIM based on weather parameters, wavelet analysis, and principal component analysis. The implementation of the proposed method in an office building showed that it can obtain the subloads accurately, with root-mean-square errors of less than 46.4 kW and mean relative errors of less than 12.7%. The method based on weather parameters can provide the most accurate results. The proposed method can help improve the energy efficiency of building service systems during the operation or renovation stage.
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Zhong, Ming, Song Song Chen, He Wang, and Hua Guang Yan. "The Interaction and Monitoring System for Energy Saving in Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.724.
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The continuous advance of the policy about ‘Energy saving and emission reduction’, along with the continuous development of information technology, control technology, which bring profitable conditions for the monitoring and control over the building (here mainly refers to the large building of government, commercial or industrial user). In particular, a interaction and monitoring system is proposed, which is used to monitor the parameters about energy consumption of energy consumption system or equipment inside the building, in addition the information about the running of the energy consumption system or equipment. At the same time, the relevant units of the energy consumption system or equipment is controlled by the interaction and monitoring system. The interaction and monitoring system for energy saving in building consists of the node for energy saving and monitoring, wireless sensor network (hereinafter referred to as WSN), the platform for energy saving and monitoring, making up the three-layer structure of the interaction and monitoring system inside the building. The node for energy saving and monitoring is a wireless sensor actually, which plays the role as collecting data and controlling. Along with the other nodes for energy saving and monitoring, as well as the nodes acting as repeater, router, coordinator, all nodes inside the building compose the WSN. The node acting as the repeater is of great significance for the transmission of data, especially when some nodes for energy saving and monitoring is located in underground building and some other places where the signal of WSN is blocked, as well as the places far away from the neighbor nodes of WSN. The coordinator is located on the platform for energy saving and monitoring, meanwhile the function of gateway is integrated in the node acting as the coordinator. This node converge the data of the WSN, and transfers the data to the server of the platform for energy saving and monitoring.
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Yuan, Shuang, Zhen-Zhong Hu, Jia-Rui Lin, and Yun-Yi Zhang. "A Framework for the Automatic Integration and Diagnosis of Building Energy Consumption Data." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041395.
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Buildings account for a majority of the primary energy consumption of the human society, therefore, analyses of building energy consumption monitoring data are of significance to the discovery of anomalous energy usage patterns, saving of building utility expenditures, and contribution to the greater environmental protection effort. This paper presents a unified framework for the automatic extraction and integration of building energy consumption data from heterogeneous building management systems, along with building static data from building information models to serve analysis applications. This paper also proposes a diagnosis framework based on density-based clustering and artificial neural network regression using the integrated data to identify anomalous energy usages. The framework and the methods have been implemented and validated from data collected from a multitude of large-scale public buildings across China.
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Akram, Md Washim, Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Zublie, Md Hasanuzzaman, and Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "Global Prospects, Advance Technologies and Policies of Energy-Saving and Sustainable Building Systems: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031316.
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Automation, modernization, economic development and global progress depends on efficient extraction and utilization of energy. Power generation by burning fossil fuels makes various adverse impacts on the environment. Additionally, the worldwide fossil fuel reserve is limited and depleting very fast. Hence, efficient energy usage and savings are crucial to address the environmental issues to ensure sustainable development. Buildings, both commercial and residential, represent a major energy consumption sector. Approximately 40% of the total energy is reportedly consumed in the building sector. Worldwide building energy consumption, performance measuring systems and best practices, energy-saving techniques and policies are reviewed and summarized in this article. Underfloor air distribution, double-glazed windows, use of highly efficient electric motors and variable speed drives may play a great role in reducing building energy consumption. In the UK, the application of double-glazed windows in commercial buildings can save 39–53% energy. The proper maintenance of a building’s central heating system can save up to 11% energy. The automatic HVAC control system can reduce up to 20% of the building’s total heating load. Proper utilization of a VSD system in motor and building performance optimization by an ANOVA tool also proved instrumental in saving energy. Apart from this, the building codes of different countries also help to improve building performance by reducing energy consumption. This study will help building researchers and policymakers to make a framework for sustainable, green building.
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Del Ama Gonzalo, Fernando, Jose A. Ferrandiz, David Fonseca Escudero, and Juan A. Hernandez. "Non-intrusive electric power monitoring system in multi-purpose educational buildings." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1297-1307.
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<span lang="EN-US">Understanding the consumption patterns in a working space is important for evaluating the causes of energy wastage and for developing strategies towards specific energy reduction methods. The intent of metering systems in buildings is to provide adequate data that help improve building systems performance. The results of the analysis offer the potential to improve the energy efficiency of the building and reduce the operation costs. Researchers of Polytechnic University of Madrid and American University of Ras Al Khaimah have developed a metering and control system that processes and analyzes the digitalized signals. This system can collect, analyze and manage the electrical consumption in buildings. It is non-intrusive, can be easily deployed in electric boards and sends data to a central base station located away from the metering device. In this article the system is tested in an educational facility with a wide range of uses. The lighting fixtures, power outlets and HVAC devices are analyzed in offices, classrooms and architecture studios. This article concludes that energy audits for longer time periods help building managers understand device profiles, occupant behavior and environmental context.</span>
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Khan, Farhan Manzoor Ahmed. "Occupant monitoring for facility management using Radio Frequency Identification." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.20.
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Mankind’s rapidly increasing advancements in different industrial sectors demand a great price of environmental impact and climate change in return, specifically in the buildings and construction industry. The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption worldwide are buildings, estimated to account for almost 48% of all such emissions. Energy-related Carbon Dioxide (CO2) counts for about 82% of all greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. This total energy consumption translates to approximately 3.5 Billion Euros per annum. According to a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, the right mix of appropriate government regulations, greater use of energy-saving technologies and user behavioural changes can substantially reduce CO2 emissions from buildings. The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive places an onus on all EU member states to rate the energy performance of buildings in a Building Energy Rating certificate which is effectively an energy label required at the point of rental ...
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Seeam, Amar, Tianxin Zheng, Yong Lu, Asif Usmani, and David Laurenson. "BIM Integrated Workflow Management and Monitoring System for Modular Buildings." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 2, no. 1 (January 2013): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2013010103.
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The authors are collaborating with a manufacturer of custom built steel frame modular units which are then transported for rapid erection onsite (volumetric building system). As part of its strategy to develop modular housing, Enemetric, is taking the opportunity to develop intelligent buildings, integrating a wide range of sensors and control systems for optimising energy efficiency and directly monitoring structural health. Enemetric have recently been embracing Building Information Modeling (BIM) to improve workflow, in particular cost estimation and to simplify computer aided manufacture (CAM). By leveraging the existing data generated during the design phases, and projecting it to all other aspects of construction management, less errors are made and productivity is significantly increased. Enemetric may work on several buildings at once, and scheduling and priorities become especially important for effective workflow, and implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The parametric nature of BIM is also very useful for improving building management, whereby real-time data collection can be logically associated with individual components of the BIM stored in a local Building Management System performing structural health monitoring and environmental monitoring and control. BIM reuse can be further employed in building simulation tools, to apply simulation assisted control strategies, in order to reduce energy consumption, and increase occupant comfort.
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Montiel-Santiago, Francisco Javier, Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez, and Julio Terrados-Cepeda. "Sustainability and Energy Efficiency: BIM 6D. Study of the BIM Methodology Applied to Hospital Buildings. Value of Interior Lighting and Daylight in Energy Simulation." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145731.
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One of the least used aspects of BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the ability to obtain the energy model of the building using the BIM methodology known as BIM 6D. This digital information model allows simulating the real energy behavior of the building and the improvement in the building’s lighting systems, both natural and artificial, in particular daylighting. In this way, the BIM 6D simulation allows us to make design and operation decisions for the building, not only for new buildings that must be, in accordance with current legislation, NZEB (Nearly Zero-Energy Building) but also for the rehabilitation of existing buildings. Particularly in buildings for sanitary use, BIM 6D allows an exhaustive analysis of the energy impact of said rehabilitation, guiding it towards an improvement in energy and light efficiency, which in turn provides greater quality and comfort in the use of the sustainable building. This subject of study is especially important in public buildings for hospital use. Buildings where energy efficiency and comfort, oriented towards optimal and efficient lighting, are two fundamental criteria highly appreciated by patients and citizens in general. Once the energy model of the building has been obtained, it is possible to study and identify possible alternatives to improve energy efficiency and improve lighting, as well as to analyze the possibilities of incorporating other more efficient forms of renewable energy, such as the use of daylight. In this work we can see how applying a set of simulated improvement actions in BIM 6D achieves an energy saving of 50% in general and up to 13% only by acting on lighting systems, allowing the decarbonization of buildings with high energy consumption, such as hospitals, and in turn, will lead to an improvement in the energy certification of these buildings; thus achieving a better and higher quality of habitability, using more efficient forms of lighting and transforming buildings into more sustainable spaces.
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Salvalai, Graziano, and Marta Maria Sesana. "Monitoring Approaches for New-Generation Energy Performance Certificates in Residential Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040469.
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In 2002, the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) introduced energy certification schemes to classify and compare building performances to support reaching energy efficiency targets by informing the different actors of the building sectors. However, since its implementation, the Energy Performance Certifications (EPCs) remained unexploited with limited impact on the energy savings targets. In this context, the EPC RECAST project aims at studying a new generation of EPCs with a focus on the residential sector. More in detail, the paper presents and frames a monitoring approach based on low-cost and non-invasive technology for real data collection in existing residential apartments/houses. The method is based on different levels of monitoring selected according to the typology of the building (e.g., detached house, apartment), services (e.g., centralized or local energy generation), and energy vectors (e.g., natural gas or electricity). Three different levels have been identified (named as: basic, medium, and advanced) and for each one, different plug and play monitoring sensor kits have been selected. Six representative pilot buildings have been identified and selected to verify the approach in general and, in particular, the sensors’ applicability and communication, the data reliability, and the monitoring platform. The presented work highlights, on the one hand, the general feasibility of the proposed monitoring approach; on the other, it highlights the difficulty of fully standardizing the sensors kits considering that each building/apartment has specific characteristics and constraints that have to be carefully analyzed. The use of the ultrasonic flow meters represents a good technical option for reducing the cost and the impact on the existing plant system; however, their installation must be verified considering that the logger needs to be powered and the sensors calibrated for collecting reliable data.
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Coulby, Graham, Adrian K. Clear, Oliver Jones, Suzanne McDonald, and Alan Godfrey. "A protocol for longitudinal monitoring of individual building occupants and their environments." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 23, 2022): e0274015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274015.
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Buildings account for approximately 40% of the energy consumption across the European Union, so there is a requirement to strive for better energy performance to reduce the global impact of urbanised societies. However, energy performant buildings can negatively impact building occupants (e.g., comfort, health and/or wellbeing) due to a trade-off between airtightness and air circulation. Thus, there is a need to monitor Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) to inform how it impacts occupants and hence redefine value within building performance metrics. An individualised study design would enable researchers to gain new insights into the effects of environmental changes on individuals for more targeted e.g., health interventions or nuanced and improved building design(s). This paper presents a protocol to conduct longitudinal monitoring of an individual and their immediate environment. Additionally, a novel approach to environmental perception gathering is proposed that will monitor environmental factors at an individual level to investigate subjective survey data pertaining to the participant’s perceptions of IEQ (e.g., perceived air quality, thermal conditions, light, and noise). This protocol has the potential to expose time-differential phenomena between environmental changes and an individual’s behavioural and physiological responses. This could be used to support building performance monitoring by providing an interventional assessment of building performance renovations. In the future it could also provide building scientists with a scalable approach for environmental monitoring that focuses specifically on individual health and wellbeing.