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Academic literature on the topic 'Building Energy Efficiency Policies'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Building Energy Efficiency Policies"

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Yu, Sha, Qing Tan, Meredydd Evans, Page Kyle, Linh Vu, and Pralit L. Patel. "Improving building energy efficiency in India: State-level analysis of building energy efficiency policies." Energy Policy 110 (November 2017): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.013.

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Jedinák, Richard. "Energy Efficiency of Building Envelopes." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.39.

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Energy efficiency of buildings is one of the basic requirements of current architectural engineering. The new recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) calls for all new buildings to be nearly zero energy buildings by the end of 2020. To achieve this target is quite challenging. Nowadays some of the buildings that are realized are reaching these objectives. The current market is able to offer a wide range of thermal systems and thermal insulation materials themselves and the right choice of thermal system or thermal insulation material is a difficult task. Considering the significant impact that energy consumption has, is particularly important to implement policies aimed at improving energy efficiency in buildings. Highly energy efficient buildings can either save primary energy or disseminate the use of the most suitable technologies to be used in new constructions. The building may be considered as an example to study and optimize the benefits of higher energy efficiency together with the use of renewable energy systems. This article is going to discuss the characteristics of these solutions, trends in their research and development and their conceptual bases.
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Eriksson, Petra, Vlatko Milić, and Tor Brostrom. "Balancing preservation and energy efficiency in building stocks." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 356–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-02-2019-0025.

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Purpose Energy use in buildings needs to be reduced to meet political goals; however, reducing energy use can conflict with heritage preservation objectives. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a method that combines quantitative and qualitative analyses of the potential of energy savings in an historic building stock. Specifically, this study examines how requirements of historic building preservation affect the energy saving potential on a building stock level. Design/methodology/approach Using the World Heritage Town of Visby, Sweden as a case study, this paper illustrates a step-by-step method as a basis for implementing energy savings techniques in an historic building stock. The method contains the following steps: categorisation of a building stock, definition of restriction levels for energy renovation scenarios and life cycle costs optimisation of energy measures in archetype buildings representing the building stock. Finally, this study analyses how different energy renovation strategies will impact heritage values and energy saving potentials for different categories of buildings. Findings The outcome of the study is twofold: first, the method has been tested and proven useful and second, the results from the application of the method have been used to formulate differentiated energy renovation strategies for the case study. Originality/value The study shows that it is possible to integrate techno-economic analysis with assessment of heritage values in a given building stock in order to facilitate a strategic discussion balancing policies and targets for energy savings with policies for the preservation of heritage values. The findings will contribute to sounder policy development and planning for historic building stocks.
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Kok, Nils, Marquise McGraw, and John M. Quigley. "The Diffusion of Energy Efficiency in Building." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.77.

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We analyze the diffusion of buildings certified for energy efficiency across US property markets. Using a panel of 48 metropolitan areas (MSAs) observed over the last 15 years, we model the geographic patterns and dynamics of building certification, relating industry composition, changes in economic conditions, characteristics of the local commercial property market, and the presence of human capital, to the cross-sectional variation in energy-efficient building technologies and the diffusion of those technologies over time. Understanding the determinants and the rate at which energy-efficient building practices diffuse is important for designing policies to affect resource consumption in the built environment.
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Mafalda Matos, Ana, João M. P. Q. Delgado, and Ana Sofia Guimarães. "Linking Energy Poverty with Thermal Building Regulations and Energy Efficiency Policies in Portugal." Energies 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010329.

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Energy-poverty (EP) must be considered an energy-related issue since buildings are a central part of people’s daily lives. Thus, it has an important role in energy-related policy implementation. Even though the European Union (EU) has endorsed general energy efficiency through the Energy Efficiency Directive and Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast, it was the Clean Energy Package for all Europeans that clearly highlighted EP. The growing concerns with EP have also been emphasised in subsequent directives and initiatives. Despite some regulatory framework and the milder climate situation, the proportion of the population experiencing thermal discomfort in southern and eastern European countries, namely in the winter season, is relatively high, reflecting the poor thermal performance of building stock, low family incomes and high energy prices, among others. The current work analysed the EP evolution in Portugal in the EU context, and the Thermal Building Regulations and Energy Efficiency Policies developed, aiming to add insight into the effectiveness of those policies concerning EP mitigation in Portugal as an EU Member state. Moreover, a critical debate on the potential to lower the EP Portuguese situation was also an objective to pursue. It is plausible to admit that reducing EP by acting on residential building stock, namely through the increase of energy efficiency and comfort, plays a key role in improving the living conditions, namely of vulnerable households and deprived areas. This will also decrease energy consumption and dependence while further promoting a smarter, sustainable and inclusive society, contributing to economic growth.
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Zhang, Yurong, and Yuanfeng Wang. "Barriers' and policies' analysis of China's building energy efficiency." Energy Policy 62 (November 2013): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.128.

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Economidou, Marina, Paolo Zangheri, Andreas Müller, and Lukas Kranzl. "Financing the Renovation of the Cypriot Building Stock: An Assessment of the Energy Saving Potential of Different Policy Scenarios Based on the Invert/EE-Lab Model." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113071.

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Despite various government policies promoting energy efficiency in buildings over the last 15 years, Cyprus is still associated with a large untapped energy efficiency potential in this sector. The impact of different policy scenarios on future energy needs of the building sector in Cyprus is explored by first reviewing the current status of the building stock in Cyprus and existing national landscape of energy efficiency policies. Various new policies are then proposed to complement the existing framework and help exploit further the potential. Using the Invert/EE-Lab model, three policy scenarios extending to 2050 are assessed with the aim to estimate the energy efficiency potential of the Cypriot building sector and identify policy solutions to harness this potential. The energy consumed for heating, cooling, hot water, and lighting in the entire Cypriot building stock is expected to drop by up to 16% in 2050 compared to the baseline scenario. Under the most ambitious scenario, nearly 60% of the building stock in 2050 will be energy efficient, consuming less than half of the energy used by the average building stock in 2012. Taking into account the modelling results, recommendations on how to improve the financial landscape in buildings until 2050 are presented.
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Yang, Jie, and Cong Xu. "Rethinking Incentive Policy for Building Energy Efficiency." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.195.

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Nowadays in the process of formulating and implementing laws or regulations in our country, the existing problem is a lack of an effective mechanism. From incentive policies for building energy efficiency, we can choose economic levers and policy instruments, such as price, tax, financial subsidy, interest rate and so on. The article puts forward suggestion in principle and ensures the development road is applicable to ordinary people, suitable for the sustainable utilization of energy and the harmonious development of society.
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Geissler, Susanne, Doris Österreicher, and Ene Macharm. "Transition towards Energy Efficiency: Developing the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082620.

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In Nigeria, there is an estimated deficit of 17 million housing units. Power supply is insufficient, and the electricity supply for about 60 million Nigerians relies on private generators, causing noise, pollution, and high expenditures for mainly imported fuel. Altogether, current challenges clearly demonstrate the need for effective energy efficiency policies targeting also the building sector. The Nigerian Energy Support Program began in 2013, among others, with the objective being to support the Nigerian Government in developing the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code. This paper presents two preparatory activities carried out in order to come up with suggestions for a legal framework well suited for the situation on the ground: the Case Study Building Analysis carried out in collaboration with a Nigerian developer and the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Guideline, elaborated together with stakeholders. The results of preparatory activities pointed out that the code must put emphasis on climate adaptive design and must define requirements and procedures in a clear and simple way to allow for effective enforcement. Only then can energy-efficient mass housing be feasible in Nigeria. The paper concludes with a description of the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC), officially approved and launched by the Federal Minister of Power, Works and Housing on 29 August 2017.
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Kang, Jae Sik, Ji Hye Lim, Gyeong Seok Choi, and Seung Eon Lee. "Building Policies for Energy Efficiency and the Development of a Zero-Energy Building Envelopment System in Korea." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.35.

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In this paper, the status of South Korea's policy (i.e., major support measures and energy performance standards) for the achievement of zero-energy buildings was investigated. Development of a high-performance envelopment system and its performance were also analyzed. The South Korean government has been proclaiming and enacting standards and ordinances related to green buildings since 1999. In 2008, it announced more specific and detailed regulations based on the Framework Act on Green Growth, which presents annual greenhouse gas emission reduction goals and mandates the realization of zero-energy buildings by 2025. To meet these legal standards and achieve the country’s energy-saving goals, the high-performance building envelop system was developed. The insulation performance of this system turned out to be equal or higher than the insulation performance standards for passive houses. It is expected that the use of the high-performance envelop system and renewable energy will contribute to realizing the nation's goal of mandatory application of zero-energy apartment houses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Building Energy Efficiency Policies"

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BONAVERO, FEDERICA. "URBAN RETROFIT DESIGN Codes and Labels for Building Energy Efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2710812.

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Buildings are a major contributor to energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions, and their energy-efficient renovation has been widely accepted as a cornerstone in the low-carbon transition of Europe’s cities. Through an investigation into the policies and practices for the retrofitting of residential buildings, the research draws on the experience gained by leading member states and exemplary retrofit projects to highlight their most innovative aspects and practical implications from a design perspective. To this aim, the research starts by presenting facts and figures about the current state of the building stock across Europe, and discussing the most relevant European directives and policy instruments for national implementation (i.e. Building Energy Codes, Building Energy Labels and related incentives). Then, it proceeds by describing the regulatory framework for building retrofitting in three reference countries (i.e. Denmark, France and Germany) and analysing a number of retrofit projects involving post-war multi-family buildings and estates. Finally, it summarizes and systemizes findings from the case studies, identifying a set of retrofit measures that have proven to be effective in meeting energy efficiency requirements while improving urban quality of life.
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Hamad, Samar. "Influence of Energy Benchmarking Policies on the Energy Performance of Existing Buildings." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5196.

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Energy benchmarking and disclosure policies exist in several local and state governments to manage the energy consumption of existing buildings and encourage energy efficient retrofits and upgrades, yet little is known about whether these efforts have improved overall energy efficiency. The purpose of this repeated-measures study was to examine the influence of New York City's (NYC's) Benchmarking Law (LL84) on the energy performance of the city's existing commercial buildings through investigating whether the energy performance of the city's existing commercial buildings significantly improved after the implementation of this policy. The study was based on Ostrom's institutional analysis and development framework. Paired-sample t tests were performed to statistically analyze the annually disclosed energy benchmarking data for 1,072 of NYC's existing commercial buildings that were benchmarked in both 2011 and 2016. Compared to 2011, the study results revealed statistically significant improvements in the energy performance of NYC's commercial buildings by 2016. On average, their site energy use intensity (EUI) significantly reduced by 5%, source EUI significantly decreased by 10%, greenhouse gas emissions significantly dropped by 12%, and ENERGY STAR performance rating significantly improved by 5%. However, these improvements were primarily achieved in 2012, 1 year after the city's energy benchmarking data were publicly disclosed. Additional measures should be considered to maintain continuous energy savings and greenhouse gas mitigation patterns. Positive social change implications include the potential to promote energy-efficient upgrades and inspire the adoption of sustainable building concepts.
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Chmutina, Ksenia. "Theory-based evaluation of the implementation of energy efficiency policies for commercial buildings in China." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28290/.

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This work investigates the current situation of energy efficiency policies for commercial buildings in China and evaluates their effectiveness using theory-based policy evaluation methodology. The thesis covers three main research areas: a discussion of energy efficiency improvement measures suitable for commercial buildings in the Chinese national context; a technical support for the theory-based policy evaluation presented in a form of four detailed case studies following the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings GB20189-2005 (the Standard); and a discussion of the effectiveness of this Standard that was evaluated using theory-based policy evaluation. Future improvements for the energy efficiency in commercial building in China are suggested. Four case studies in different climate zones are used to examine the technical and economical effectiveness of the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings GB20 189-2005, and investigate the main problems of buildings as energy consumers. The results show that the case study buildings have poor thermal insulation qualities as well as low energy efficiencies of lighting and equipment. The implementation of the Standard allows for the achievement of its individual targets aimed at the thermal insulation quality improvements as well as being cost effective. For a further energy consumption reduction, installation of renewable energy technologies is simulated, however it is limited by economic constraints. The theory-based policy evaluation shows that the Standard is an important tool in energy efficiency encouragement for commercial buildings in China. However, its effectiveness is negatively affected by a lack of monitoring system and a lack of awareness among the involved parties. Improvement of building energy efficiency is the quickest and the most effective way of creating energy savings in buildings. In order to make a better use of the Standard, the Chinese government should stimulate more interest among construction companies and building owners by creating carrot and stick policies.
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Teodoro, Maria Inês Tavares de Matos. "O código de obras como instrumento regulatório de eficiência energética em edificações residenciais: proposições para o município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20072012-121526/.

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A conjuntura nacional de crescimento econômico e populacional aliada aos programas habitacionais de combate ao déficit de moradias deixa antever o contínuo aumento da demanda energética no setor residencial, que deve ser alvo de políticas públicas de promoção de eficiência energética. O objetivo da presente dissertação é investigar o potencial do Código de Obras e Edificações (COE) do Município de São Paulo enquanto instrumento regulatório de promoção de eficiência energética e apresentar sugestões com vista à revisão do atual documento. Para tal dividiu-se a pesquisa em três temas: fatores que explicam o consumo energético (direto e indireto) das edificações e estratégias de minimização desse consumo; caracterização dos códigos de eficiência energética em edificações (CEEE), com destaque para o Código de Obras, e panorama internacional e brasileiro relativamente à sua adoção; caracterização do consumo energético do Município de São Paulo e análise dos requisitos de eficiência energética no atual COE. Atendendo à elevada taxa de novas construções e ao estoque de edifícios obsoletos com potencial de retrofitting defende-se que o Código de Obras, pela sua abrangência e obrigatoriedade, constitui um instrumento regulatório adequado à promoção da eficiência energética no setor de edificações no Município de São Paulo e sugere-se a revisão do atual COE com vista à introdução de requisitos de eficiência energética. Entre as sugestões apresentadas contam-se a segmentação das medidas dirigidas às moradias de interesse social e às chamadas edificações de mercado, definição de limites máximos para o valor de transmitância térmica dos elementos opacos da envoltória (paredes e cobertura) em ambientes condicionados e não condicionados e a exigência de um nível mínimo de eficiência energética para edificações e equipamentos instalados. Como contribuição da presente pesquisa cabe ainda destacar o cálculo da intensidade energética por unidade de área construída nos setores residencial e comercial no Município de São Paulo, indicador em falta na literatura e dados oficiais publicados.
The national economic and population growth in association with the housing programs to combat housing deficit are expected to result in future increase of energy demand in the residential sector. Considering the already high contribution of the building sector in the electricity consumption of Brazil, the development of policy measures aiming to promote energy efficiency in the sector should be encouraged. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of the Building Code (BC) of São Paulo municipality as a regulatory instrument to promote energy efficiency and make suggestions to revise it. To this end, the paper is divided in three parts: factors that explain the energy consumption (direct and indirect) of buildings and strategies to minimize it; characterization of Building Energy Efficiency Codes (BEEC) and the Brazilian and international panorama regarding its adoption; energy consumption of São Paulo municipality and analysis of energy efficiency requirements in the current BC. As a mandatory and comprehensive regulatory instrument, Building Codes are adequate do promote energy efficiency given the local reality of high annual rates of construction and the significant stock of old buildings which could benefit from retrofitting. Suggestions to a revision process of the BC of São Paulo Municipality include segmentation of energy efficient requirements according to social economic profile of buildings, definition of overall heat transfer coefficient values (U-factor) for building envelope components (walls and roof) of conditioned and non-conditioned areas, and definition of minimum energy efficiency levels for buildings and equipments. Additional contribution of this research includes estimation of electricity use per square meter of building floor area, for the residential and commercial sectors in São Paulo municipality.
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Santos, Arthur Henrique Cursino dos. "Eficiência energética e a contribuição dos gases combustíveis: análise de caso das políticas de avaliação de edificações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20092011-114448/.

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A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) elegeu a eficiência energética como a ação mais significativa para garantir o suprimento de energia das economias em desenvolvimento e minimizar os impactos do aquecimento global. No Brasil, o Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem (PBE) de eficiência energética foi iniciado em 1984 pelo Inmetro. Fazem parte do PBE duas Portarias, aprovadas em 2010, para avaliação da eficiência energética das edificações comerciais e residenciais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é contribuir com a racionalização energética no país através da análise dessas Portarias frente a um panorama internacional, assim como avaliar as contribuições que os gases combustíveis podem oferecer na melhoria da eficiência das edificações e na substituição da eletrotermia para aquecimento de água no sistema energético nacional. Para isso foram identificados padrões comuns nas regulamentações internacionais e calculados os fatores de conversão da energia final em primária no Brasil, tanto da eletricidade, quanto dos gases combustíveis. A aplicação dos fatores de conversão, assim como dos fatores de emissões de CO2-E nos usos finais da energia comprovou que os gases possuem um papel importante para redução do consumo de energia primária nos processos de aquecimento de água e cogeração. Verificaram-se ainda como esses fatores poderão evoluir nas próximas décadas, de acordo com as previsões oficiais da Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), demonstrando que a importância do uso direto dos gases combustíveis tende a crescer.
The United Nations (UN) has chosen energy efficiency as the most significant action to ensure energy supply in developing economies and mitigate the impacts of global warming. In Brazil, the Brazilian Energy Efficiency Labeling Program (PBE) was launched in 1984 by Inmetro. Two Regulations, adopted in 2010, to evaluate the energy efficiency of commercial and residential buildings, are part of PBE. The objective of this research is to contribute to the National Energy Efficiency Program through the analysis of these Regulations against an international outlook and through the evaluation of the contributions that the fuel gases can offer in improving the efficiency of buildings and replacing electrical heating in the national energy system. To achieve this, common patterns in the international regulations were identified and the primary energy conversion factors were calculated to the electricity and gas fuels produced in Brazil. The application of the conversion factors and the emission factors of CO2-E in the final uses of energy in buildings showed that the fuel gases have an important role in reducing the consumption of primary energy in the process of water heating and cogeneration. The evolution of these factors in the next decades were also estimated, according to official forecasts of the Energy Research Company (EPE), demonstrating that the importance of the direct use of the fuel gases will increase.
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Causo, Aline Ferreira Tripodi 1985. "Mecanismos políticos para promoção da eficiência energética e geração renovável em edificações : um estudo de caso da Alemanha e aplicações para o Brasil." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264693.

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Orientador: Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Causo_AlineFerreiraTripodi_M.pdf: 1711222 bytes, checksum: 3360c02834221402fcdb4f050e1c82d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Os choques do petróleo nos anos 1970, o crescente debate sobre as mudanças climáticas e a crise energética ocorrida no Brasil, em 2001, são questões que apontam para a importância da implementação do Planejamento Integrado de Recursos, o qual agrega opções de expansão da oferta com alternativas de gestão da demanda e conservação de energia. As edificações representam grande parte do consumo energético e, no caso brasileiro, por exemplo, é responsável por 44% da demanda de energia elétrica, consumo que deve crescer nos próximos anos dado o contexto econômico e social do país. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo, então, apresentar, a partir de revisão da literatura, os principais instrumentos políticos para promoção de eficiência energética e geração renovável em edifícios e discutir possíveis aplicações de novos mecanismos e melhorias nas políticas existentes no Brasil. Em razão do reconhecimento internacional da Alemanha por suas políticas de incentivo à geração renovável e à eficiência energética, optou-se por fazer um estudo de caso deste país, com o intuito de compreender pontos importantes para a aplicação de mecanismos políticos no caso brasileiro, sobretudo com relação aos impactos a eles associados e à superação de barreiras. Como resultado principal, o trabalho expôs oportunidades de mecanismos políticos para serem implementados ou aprimorados no Brasil, visando a uma redução no consumo de energia das edificações brasileiras e a postergação da necessidade de investimentos na expansão da oferta energética, contribuindo para um desenvolvimento mais sustentável do país
Abstract: The oil shocks in the 70s, the climate change's debates and the energy crisis in Brazil, in the year 2001, demonstrate the importance of implementing the Integrated Resource Planning, which considers the expansion of energy's supply as well as alternatives of demand side management that contributes to energy savings. The building sector represents a major part of energy consumption. In Brazil, for instance, buildings consume 44% of all electricity and this demand tends to increase in the next years due to the social and economic context in the country. This dissertation aimed to present, based on a literature review, the main policy mechanisms used to promote energy efficiency and renewable generation in the building sector. It also sought to discuss possible applications of these instruments in Brazil as well as improvements in the existing policies. Based on Germany's international recognition on implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy policies, it was decided to do a case study of this country in order to capture relevant aspects for the implementation of policy mechanisms in the brazilian case, especially those related to instruments impacts and barriers addressed. The main outcome of this research was the discussion about opportunities for implementing and improving policy mechanisms in Brazil, aiming at saving energy in the building sector and postponing the need to invest in energy supply expansion, which could contribute for a more sustainable development in the country
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestra em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
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Teodoro, Maria Inês Tavares de Matos. "Energia embutida na construção de edificações no Brasil: contribuições para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas a partir de um estudo de caso em Mato Grosso do Sul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-01022018-151533/.

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O consumo de energia embutida nas edificações acontece ao longo do seu ciclo de vida nas atividades relacionadas com a construção e manutenção. Trata-se de um consumo de cálculo complexo uma vez que o seu valor está contabilizado em outros setores econômicos como o setor industrial de produção de materiais construção e o setor de transportes. A contribuição da energia embutida nas edificações do Brasil chega a 40% do seu ciclo de vida energético. Para além disso as necessidades de infraestrutura no país, em particular no setor residencial, deverão resultar em elevados consumos energéticos para a sua construção, contribuindo para pressionar as necessidades de expansão dos sistemas de oferta de energia. Neste contexto, o objetivo central desta pesquisa é calcular a energia embutida na construção de um condomínio residencial na cidade de Campo Grande no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Para tal foi utilizada um metodologia baseada em Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida Energético (ACVE) tendo sido considerados dois cenários que diferem quanto à eficiência energética na etapa do transporte. Obteve-se um consumo de energia embutida inicial por unidade de área de 4,99 GJ/m2 para o cenário 1 e 5,52 GJ/m2 para o cenário 2, com participações de energia não renovável de 61,2% e 64,2%, respectivamente. No cenário 1 a etapa de fabricação dos materiais respondeu por 96,1% do consumo de energia embutida, o transporte contribuiu com 3,2% e a construção com 0,7%. Já no cenário 2, a participação de cada etapa foi de 86,8%, 12,6% e 0,6% respectivamente. Os resultados do estudo de caso apresentado e o panorama elaborado sobre a energia embutida nas edificações brasileiras realizado nesta tese reforçam a necessidade de incluir a energia embutida como critério de eficiência energética no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que contribuam para reduzir o consumo de energia no setor de edificações.
The embodied energy in buildings is an energy consumption that happens throughout its life cycle in the activities related to construction and maintenance. Embodied energy calculation is a complex process since its value is accounted for in other economic sectors such as the manufacture of building materials and transportation. The contribution of embodied energy in Brazilian buildings reaches 40% of its energy consumption life cycle. In addition, infrastructure needs in the country, particularly in the residential sector, should result in high energy consumption for its construction, contributing to put pressure on the expansion needs of the energy supply system. In this context, the main objective of this research is to calculate the embodied energy in the construction of a residential condominium in the city of Campo Grande in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. A methodology based on Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) was used considering two scenarios that differ in terms of energy efficiency at the transportation stage. Initial Embodied Energy per unit area was 4.99 GJ/m2 for scenario 1 and 5.52 GJ/m2 for scenario 2, with a non-renewable energy share of 61.2% and 64, 2%, respectively. In scenario 1, the material manufacturing stage accounted for 96.1% of the initial embodied energy value, transportation contributed with a share of 3.2% and the construction stage with 0.7%. In scenario 2, the share of each stage was 86.8%, 12.6% and 0.6%, respectively. The results of the presented case study and the elaborated panorama on the embodied energy in Brazilian buildings carried out in this thesis reinforce the need to include embodied energy as a criterion of energy efficiency in the development of public policies that contribute to reduce energy consumption in the building sector.
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Xiao, Naiyuan. "Energy-efficiency building envelope technologies." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17697.

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In recent years, the excessive emission of greenhouse gas CO2, it causing globalwarming, already poses a serious threat to human survival. The problem catches theattention all over the world, and promoting the development of building energyefficiency. In order to the sustainable development of human beings, in 1992 theUnited Nations framework convention on climate change (UFCCC) organizationpublished the Kyoto protocol. In the Kyoto protocol, the European countriescommitted that during 2008 and 2012 they would reduce the amount of greenhouseemissions to 8% compare to 1990.[2] Building envelope technologies can helphouseholder reduce the energy consumption use in the building. Building envelopetechnologies used in the project Brogåden – Alingsås which save the energyconsumption from 204 kWh/ m2a to 95 kWh/ m2a in Sweden. While the cost just838SEK/m² or 8% of the total building costs. In China the envelope technologies usedin the project student apartment in Shandong building university save the energyconsumption about 72% compare with the old student apartments.
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Gibbs, Vance Scott. "State building energy efficiency determination using energy audits." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/gibbs.pdf.

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Galimova, Veronica, and Diane Pétilon. "Building Efficiency Improvementand Renewable Energy IntegrationProject." Thesis, KTH, Uthålliga byggnadssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127711.

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Books on the topic "Building Energy Efficiency Policies"

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Richerzhagen, Carmen. Energy efficiency in buildings in China: Policies, barriers and opportunities. Bonn: German Development Institute, 2008.

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Richerzhagen, Carmen. Energy efficiency in buildings in China: Policies, barriers and opportunities. Bonn: German Development Institute, 2008.

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Energy efficiency of buildings: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, to receive recommendations on policies and programs to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and to expand the role of electric and gas utilities in energy efficiency programs, February 12, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Council, World Energy. Energy efficiency policies. London: World Energy Council, 1995.

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Energy efficiency policies. London: Routledge, 1993.

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United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., ed. Building energy efficiency. Washington, DC: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment, 1992.

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Zhukov, Aleksey, Ekaterina Bobrova, Igor' Bessonov, and Elizaveta Mednikova. Energy efficiency of building systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1856852.

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The monograph summarizes and systematizes the results of experimental and theoretical studies of thermal insulation systems of building structures, technological facilities, transport facilities, and cold preservation. The criterion for the effectiveness of system insulation solutions is energy efficiency as a criterion for a comprehensive assessment, including both taking into account the direct reduction of energy costs during the operation of insulation shells, and the costs of installation, maintenance of structures in working condition, evaluation of the operational resistance of materials and durability of system solutions as a whole. Modern types of thermal insulation materials based on gas-filled plastics, foamed glass, foamed rubber and products based on mineral fibers are considered: stone wool, glass wool and glass fiber, basalt fiber. It is intended for researchers, specialists in the field of materials science, technologists — developers of new types of thermal insulation materials and constructors, designing products from them, as well as for teachers and university students. It can be useful for a wide range of people interested in construction and energy saving problems.
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(Firm), Maine Tomorrow, and Maine. Office of Community Development. Energy Conservation Division., eds. Energy efficiency building performance standards study. [Augusta, Me.]: Energy Conservation Division, Office of Community Development, Department of Economic and Community Development, 1993.

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Council, World Energy. Energy efficiency: A worldwide review : indicators, policies, evaluation. London: World Energy Council, 2004.

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M, MacDonald J., and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Energy Division., eds. Existing building efficiency research, 1987-1988. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Division, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Building Energy Efficiency Policies"

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Aktaş, Can B. "Importance of Building Energy Efficiency Towards National and Regional Energy Targets." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 155–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_14.

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AbstractThe buildings sector in the EU consumes 40% of energy and is responsible for 36% of CO2 emissions. With growing public interest on the subject, there have been several EU policies developed to curb impacts. Statistical analysis conducted in the case study indicates an increase in both total and buildings’ energy consumption trends leading up to 2030, with total energy consumption having an expected value of 40% increase and building energy consumption having an expected value of 33% increase. Analysis results indicate that building energy consumption could be maintained at current levels if a proactive approach is embraced. Focusing solely on buildings’ energy consumption does not solve national or regional energy problems, but neglecting them altogether prevents significant gains to be made. Building energy efficiency is not the solution by itself to achieve energy goals in EU, but is an important contributor toward the solution.
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Salim, Sherna, and Amin Al-Habaibeh. "How Often Do You Open Your House Windows When Heating is ON? An Investigation of the Impact of Occupants’ Behaviour on Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 233–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_29.

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AbstractCurrently, there are many initiatives to thermally insulate buildings on the assumption that the more insulated the building is, the more efficient in terms of energy conservation it will perform. Many assessment systems assume a linear relationship between building insulation and energy conservation. The drawback of such hypotheses is that they ignore the effect of occupants’ behaviour in their conclusions. In this study, the authors will examine the effect of people’s behaviour, particularly windows’ opening, as a behavioural pattern of occupants. It aims to study the impact of occupant’s behaviour on energy consumption of residential buildings and to identify the key factors that influence occupants’ behaviour; thus, providing ideas for improving energy efficiency by suggesting enhanced policies, approaches and techniques. The findings suggest that occupants’ behaviour could have a greater influence on the energy efficiency of buildings in some cases when compared with their thermal insulation due to opening of windows in cold weather which causes air infiltration.
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Trombadore, Antonella. "Multidisciplinary Energy-Efficiency Think Tank for Supporting a Multilevel Governance Model in Energy Policies and Measures: MEETHINK Energy Project: Topic-6." In Mediterranean Green Buildings & Renewable Energy, 177–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30746-6_12.

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Yang, Ming, and Xin Yu. "Energy Efficiency Policies." In Energy Efficiency, 49–63. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_6.

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Thollander, Patrik, and Jenny Palm. "Policies Promoting Improved Energy Efficiency." In Improving Energy Efficiency in Industrial Energy Systems, 105–34. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4162-4_7.

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Baggini, Angelo, and Annalisa Marra. "Building Automation, Control and Management Systems." In Electrical Energy Efficiency, 71–124. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119990048.ch4.

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Côte, Mathieu. "Capacity Building and Training." In Canadian Energy Efficiency Outlook, 245–49. 1 Edition. | Lilburn, GA : Fairmont Press, Inc., [2018]: River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151326-19.

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Gerring, Dorothy. "Building Performance and Energy Efficiency." In Renewable Energy Systems for Building Designers, 75–87. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003297819-8.

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Bienvenido-Huertas, David, and Carlos Rubio-Bellido. "Building Energy Efficiency and Sustainability." In SpringerBriefs in Architectural Design and Technology, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0906-0_1.

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Beato, Paulina, and Juan Delgado. "Interactions Between Climate Policies in the Power Sector." In Green Energy and Efficiency, 269–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03632-8_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Building Energy Efficiency Policies"

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Mahar, Waqas Ahmed, Naveed Ur Rehman Anwar, and Shady Attia. "Building energy efficiency policies and practices in Pakistan: A literature review." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115364.

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Awan, Rabia, and Ahsan Rahid. "HVAC design considerations for energy efficiency in commercial buildings." In 2014 International Conference on Energy Systems and Policies (ICESP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icesp.2014.7346985.

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Kamal, Athar, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, and Muammer Koc. "Building Stock Inertia and Impacts on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Qatar." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3854.

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Abstract Greenhouse gas emission reduction and the consequent decrease in the environmental impacts of fossil fuel can be achieved by cutting back on energy consumption in the building sector that consumes around 30% of total final energy around the globe. The building sector is a complex component of the modern economy and life and includes diverse types of structures, uses, and energy patterns. Such variability is a result of the way that buildings are designed, built, and used in addition to the variations of their materials, equipment, and users. From the start of the construction phase until their demolition, buildings involve energy consumption. A single building’s energy consumption pattern can be called its energy inertia, that is the way it consumes energy throughout its lifetime. Energy consumption also varies according to the age of the buildings. As a building gets older, its structure and equipment start losing their efficiency and often lead to increasing energy consumption over time. At any given time, the building sector is composed of structures of various ages. Some are under construction, others are recently built, some have lived to be mature and some quite old enough to be demolished. This complexity in the building sector creates a momentum against implementation of policies that reduce energy consumption. In this study, a system dynamic model is developed to perceive the temporal evolution of energy consumption and efficiency measures for the villa-type building stock in Qatar. This model tests energy efficiency policy measures such as renovation rates of 15 and 30 years, for buildings that are considered old, and also examines implementation of technology and building codes for new buildings. Results reveal savings of between 157 GWh and 1,275 GWh of electricity and reduction in CO2 emissions ranging from 77,000 tonnes to 602,000 tonnes.
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Penalvo-López, Elisa, F. Javier Cárcel-Carrasco, Joaquín Montañana-Romeu, and Vicente León-Martínez. "University training in energy efficiency to respond to European EPBD objectives. USE Efficiency Project." In INNODOCT 2018. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8844.

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Energy efficiency in buildings is one of the main challenges in EU policy, since it is difficult to find common strategies and policies among Member States. This article describes the USE Efficiency project, an initiative to create a common training framework for energy efficiency systems in buildings based on the Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), through university actions. Universities and students are proposed as shining examples both for energy efficiency solutions and for energy efficiency behaviour. Moreover, involving university students guarantees acting on closest future market players and most convincing actor in diffusion of public opinions. The project aims to improve energy efficiency in university buildings and to establish training program for students around European countries. In fact, this activity involves 9 Universities (Technology Faculties and Faculties of Engineering) and 4 technological and market players from widespread countries in EU.Initially, a mapping of the methodologies used for evaluating energy efficiency at the different countries is carried out. Students are trained in energy efficiency methods and strategies, having real work experience implementing these Energy Performance Assessment (EPA) methodologies in their own buildings. The wide geographical coverage of the consortium allows an important crossover of methodologies to achieve technical results even to a professional and technological level. Then, the analysed buildings at each university are monitored in order to collect data, which are then used to plan solutions to improve energy performance of the university buildings. This paper describes this innovative training initiative, which involves students as main actors, working and interacting together with professors and technicians in order to improve energy efficiency in their educational centres.
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Pedamallu, Lakshman Ravi Teja, Vivek Kumar Singh, and Alvaro Peixoto Filipe Gomes. "Quantitative Assessment of Advanced Energy Efficiency Retrofitting for Hospitals in India." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59307.

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Achieving energy efficiency in buildings is an important factor in developed and as well in developing countries in order to meet its energy demand. Over the past few years, a number of reports have been emerged stating that the buildings sectors are responsible for approximately 31% of global final energy demand. Buildings account for 35% of total final energy consumption in India and building energy consumption is growing about 8% per years. Final energy demand in Indian building sector will grow up-to five times by the end of this century, driven by rapid income and population growth. Hospitals are institutions for the care of people with health problems and are usually functional 24hrs a day, all year around, which demands a lot of energy. Health sector is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in India. By 2020, it is expected to become a $ 280 billion industry. In India hospitals contribute 23% of total energy consumption and the hospital building growth rate 12–15% in last decade. The World Health Organization estimated that India need 80,000 additional hospital beds every year to meet the demands of India’s population. The aim of this study is to assess the energy demand, energy savings & reduced greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the energy efficiency using advanced retrofitting. Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS) is an end use energy demand projection model for Hospital buildings in India, to normalize the assessment of energy-saving models also going to fill the gap in energy demand reduction by energy system modeling and decomposition analysis. Energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings plays a major role in developing country like India in order improve its energy security and minimizing the greenhouse gases. The positive effects of retrofitting of energy efficiency and need the policies and target base proposal for government intention to achieve the potential for energy efficiency are discussed.
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Vélez, Eduardo, Fabián Amaya, Antonio Olmos, Raúl Pérez, Antonio Bula, and Marco Sanjuan. "Characterization of the Thermal Behavior of the Materials Commonly Used in Colombia for the Construction of Building Envelopes." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6312.

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The thermal performance of building materials used in Colombia is not currently characterized, which is essential to obtain the necessary information for an architectural design based on energy efficiency. The determination of materials thermal properties, as well as thermal and energy performance of building materials commonly used in Colombia are the main challenges for this research. The proposed methodology implies the experimental determination of the different materials thermal properties through the design and construction of an experimental device capable to accommodate different materials configurations. This will allow us to obtain relevant information to develop the government’s energy standards for quality building materials and quality policies for private companies. Among others are included: the Environmental Seal for Sustainable Building, which is currently being developed by the Colombian Council of Sustainable Building (CCCS); the Colombian standard for thermal systems applications in buildings (RITE) currently being developed by the Colombian Association of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (ACAIRE); and policies for national sustainable buildings that were included in the National Development Plan 2010–2014 and 2015–2019.
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Reichard, Georg, and Suchismita Bhattacharjee. "A Comparison of Focus and Effectiveness of European Versus U.S. Energy Efficiency Programs for Buildings." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90403.

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The authors present a comparative study on effectiveness of energy policies for the building sector that are presently implemented in selected countries in Europe versus selected states in the U.S. Socio-economic factors affecting energy consumption on both sides of the Atlantic are identified from a human behavior perspective. Various identified factors known to affect energy efficiency and consumption have been positioned in diagrams based on four primary directions: lifestyle, economy, environment, and technology. In a second step various programs and incentives are positioned in the same diagram to demonstrate how well these strategies address the factors identified before. This is done for selected countries and continents in sub-diagrams to allow a comparison of effectiveness and provide a tool for predicting the effectiveness of a possible policy or program transfer to other nations. The research conducted so far suggests that energy efficiency policies and measures implemented in the United States do not always target the factors that have been identified to most significantly influence energy consumption. The results indicate that there might be a significant gap between parameters that are guiding factors affecting energy consumption, and parameters targeting a proper implementation of energy efficient policies. The authors strive to provide a tool that will help policy makers and other decision makers to evaluate and compare their incentives and programs against those from other countries and benefit from lessons learned by mapping various policies towards specific efficiency parameters.
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Odonkor, Philip, and Kemper Lewis. "Designing Optimal Arbitrage Policies for Distributed Energy Systems in Building Clusters Using Reinforcement Learning." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97190.

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Abstract In the wake of increasing proliferation of renewable energy and distributed energy resources (DERs), grid designers and operators alike are faced with several emerging challenges in curbing allocative grid inefficiencies and maintaining operational stability. One such challenge relates to the increased price volatility within real-time electricity markets, a result of the inherent intermittency of renewable energy. With this challenge, however, comes heightened economic interest in exploiting the arbitrage potential of price volatility towards demand-side energy cost savings. To this end, this paper aims to maximize the arbitrage value of electricity through the optimal design of control strategies for DERs. Formulated as an arbitrage maximization problem using design optimization, and solved using reinforcement learning, the proposed approach is applied towards shared DERs within multi-building residential clusters. We demonstrate its feasibility across three unique building cluster demand profiles, observing notable energy cost reductions over baseline values. This highlights a capability for generalized learning across multiple building clusters and the ability to design efficient arbitrage policies towards energy cost minimization. Finally, the approach is shown to be computationally tractable, designing efficient strategies in approximately 5 hours of training over a simulation time horizon of 1 month.
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Gaum, T., and J. Laubscher. "BUILDING REGULATORY PRACTICES IN 10 AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE." In The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2021 – (ICCC 2021). The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2513258x.2021.5104.

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The expected increase in building activities on the African continent and the anticipated future vulnerability of the continent in the face of climate change require investigation. This paper compares the building regulatory practices in 10 African countries to determine their responses to climate change. Various studies highlight the contribution of the built environment to total global greenhouse gas emissions, which mainly includes Water vapour (H₂O), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Methane (CH₄) and Nitrous oxide (N₂O). Additionally, the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, specifically CO₂ and construction activities, is generally accepted due to increased energy use (IPCC, 2019). With just 10 years left, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are unlikely to be achieved by 2030. This exploratory study aims to establish whether the built environment of the 10 identified countries are currently taking any action towards the climate change effects and, if so, to determine their response and format. The paper reviews and compares present-day built environment regulatory policies on the African continent, focusing on energy efficiency measures. The results could be interpreted as a baseline when evaluating current policies, making the study beneficial to the selected countries and the broader African built environment. The study points towards a lack of building energy codes by the biggest emitters on the African continent. As part of the recommendations, African countries are encouraged to consider revising the regulatory documents governing the built environment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the continent. Keywords: Building regulatory practices, climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency policies
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Xing, Rui, Toshiharu Ikaga, and Manfred Strubegger. "A Forecast of Effective Energy Efficient Policies for the Building Sector in Shanghai through 2050." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110573436.

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Reports on the topic "Building Energy Efficiency Policies"

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Levine, Mark, Stephane de la Rue de Can, Nina Zheng, Christopher Williams, Jennifer Thorne Amann, and Dan Staniaszek. Building Energy-Efficiency Best Practice Policies and Policy Packages. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1168594.

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Wong, Ka Ying, Sakshi Pandey, Veronica Ern Hui Wee, and KE Seetha Ram. Planning and Capacity Building for High-Speed Rail Development in India: Five Key Lessons. Asian Development Bank Institute, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/pgrm7468.

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India’s urbanization rate has increased from 26% in 1991 to 35% in 2021, and it is expected to reach 41% by 2030 (World Bank 2022). In response to this, as the backbone of its growing economy, the country’s infrastructure development, particularly transportation development, has been heavily emphasized. The railway sector will see an investment of $715.41 billion by 2030. Along with a series of supporting government policies, an opportunity to expand the high-speed rail (HSR) network has been presented in India. From the viewpoint of the government, HSR is an effective tool to address the surge in travel demand because of its mass transportation, high speed, and high energy efficiency (Suzuki et al. 2022). Besides, HSR projects bring about a ripple effect on the Indian economy by generating local employment opportunities, catalyzing the steel and cement sector and galvanizing AatmaNirbhar Bharat (an initiative by the Government of India to make the country self-reliant) through the indigenization of technology (National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited 2022). From the perspective of communities and individuals, HSR improves their quality of life by offering a faster and safer transportation option for work and travel.
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Price, Lynn, and Ernst Worrell. International industrial sector energy efficiency policies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810469.

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Holt, Jeffrey W. Sault Tribe Building Efficiency Energy Audits. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1094821.

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Brown, Rich, Sam Borgeson, Jon Koomey, and Peter Biermayer. U.S. Building-Sector Energy Efficiency Potential. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941430.

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Author, Not Given. Energy Efficiency Program Administrators and Building Energy Codes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219672.

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Yu, Sha, Meredydd Evans, and Alison Delgado. Building Energy Efficiency in India: Compliance Evaluation of Energy Conservation Building Code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1128633.

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Price, Lynn, and Lynn Price. Technologies and Policies to Improve Energy Efficiency in Industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/935352.

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Scott, M. J., D. J. Hostick, and D. B. Belzer. ImBuild: Impact of building energy efficiency programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656887.

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Ju, Y. Sungtaek, Bruce Dunn, Qibing Pei, and C. J. Kim. Building Energy Efficiency through Innovative Thermodevices (BEEIT). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1057388.

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