Journal articles on the topic 'Building energy dynamic simulations'
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Jimenez-Bescos, Carlos, and Xabat Oregi. "Implementing User Behaviour on Dynamic Building Simulations for Energy Consumption." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0097.
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Abstract User behaviour influences the energy consumption of domestic properties with different range of variations and this has an effect on the results of building simulations based on default or general values, as opposed to implementing user behaviour. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and quantify the effect of implementing user behaviour in building dynamic simulation to calculate heating and domestic how water energy consumption to reduce the performance gap. The results for space heating and domestic hot water from dynamic building simulations will be compare to actual energy bills for a general building simulation technique and a calibrated building simulation, incorporating user behaviour details. By using user behaviour details to create calibrated building simulations, a correlation to actual energy bills of over 90 % can be achieved for a dataset of 22 properties. This study has shown that by incorporating user behaviour into building simulations, a more accurate estimation of energy consumption can be achieved. More importantly, the methodology approach allows the user behaviour parameters to be collected by means of a questionnaire, providing an easy and low budget approach to incorporate user behaviour into dynamic building simulations to reduce the performance.
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Eftimie, Elena. "Energy Efficiency Analysis in Buildings using Dynamic Simulations." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.5.325.
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This paper proposes an analysis of factors that have a significant impact on energy efficiency in buildings. Thus, as a first objective proposes an analysis of the impact of rehabilitation and modernization of buildings in view of their energy performance improvement. A second followed objective consisted of the study of some production and use thermal energy systems in order to increase the thermal comfort. Based on a case study, this paper provides the opportunity for comparative analyses both among different insulation materials for buildings and among different heating systems. Determination of energy consumption for space heating and of the building comfort parameters was achieved using dynamic simulations by means of TRNSYS program; it was envisaged that the assessment of energy efficiency in buildings, the design stage or before their rehabilitation, is more economical than finding solutions in the use phase of buildings.
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Eftimie, Elena. "Energy Efficiency Analysis in Buildings using Dynamic Simulations." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.5.325.
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This paper proposes an analysis of factors that have a significant impact on energy efficiency in buildings. Thus, as a first objective proposes an analysis of the impact of rehabilitation and modernization of buildings in view of their energy performance improvement. A second followed objective consisted of the study of some production and use thermal energy systems in order to increase the thermal comfort. Based on a case study, this paper provides the opportunity for comparative analyses both among different insulation materials for buildings and among different heating systems. Determination of energy consumption for space heating and of the building comfort parameters was achieved using dynamic simulations by means of TRNSYS program; it was envisaged that the assessment of energy efficiency in buildings, the design stage or before their rehabilitation, is more economical than finding solutions in the use phase of buildings.
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Jradi, Muhyiddine, Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager, and Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen. "A tool for Danish buildings energy retrofit design and evaluation using dynamic energy simulations." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 18008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017218008.
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In general, static tools and simplified assessment approaches are still dominating the Danish building energy retrofit market. These static tools are generally associated with a large number of assumptions and tend to neglect the overall building dynamics. This leads to major uncertainties and substantial gaps between the predicted performance, promised before retrofitting, and the real building performance after carrying out the retrofit project. To overcome these challenges, this work presents the design, development and demonstration of DanRETRO, a tool for Danish buildings energy retrofit design and evaluation. The tool uses a large database of dynamic performance simulations employing EnergyPlus, for different building types, ages and sizes, allowing a preliminary assessment of the technical, economic and environmental impacts of various retrofit measures. In this regard, the tool provides a large selection of retrofit techniques and measures along with retrofit packages. DanRETRO is intended to be a comprehensive building energy retrofit assessment tool, but at the same time being simple to use with minimal inputs. The demonstration of the tool in an office building, a single-family house and an apartment in Denmark is presented and assessed. DanRETRO evaluation results are aimed to serve as a basis to aid energy retrofit projects decision-making.
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Yahiaoui, Azzedine. "Distributed dynamic simulations of networked control and building performance applications." SIMULATION 94, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717711269.
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The use of computer-based automation and control systems for smart sustainable buildings, often so-called Automated Buildings (ABs), has become an effective way to automatically control, optimize, and supervise a wide range of building performance applications over a network while achieving the minimum energy consumption possible, and in doing so generally refers to Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) architecture. Instead of costly and time-consuming experiments, this paper focuses on using distributed dynamic simulations to analyze the real-time performance of network-based building control systems in ABs and improve the functions of the BACS technology. The paper also presents the development and design of a distributed dynamic simulation environment with the capability of representing the BACS architecture in simulation by run-time coupling two or more different software tools over a network. The application and capability of this new dynamic simulation environment are demonstrated by an experimental design in this paper.
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Chiesa, Giacomo, Francesca Fasano, and Paolo Grasso. "A New Tool for Building Energy Optimization: First Round of Successful Dynamic Model Simulations." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 6429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196429.
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Several tools and pieces of software support building energy modelling for optimization, certification and comparisons of different scenarios and usages. Nevertheless, the consistent rise in accessible computational power and the expansion of ICT are pushing the development of new software functionalities and tools able to support cross-disciplinary work on smart building optimization. This paper introduces a new platform (under development) that combines the EnergyPlus dynamic simulation tool with extra-functionalities and pre-defined usage scenarios based on automatic actions to manage massive simulations and correlation analyses. The tool’s utility was tested in three experiments, with goals that we consider to be fundamental requirements: comparing simple retrofit actions to reduce net energy needs; analyzing the free-running potential of a demo building and the impacts of different low-energy technologies in terms of increasing thermal comfort (shading and ventilative cooling); and comparing measured sensor data indicators with simulated ones under real weather conditions for model verification. The results demonstrate the ability of the tool to automatically generate hundreds of EnergyPlus input building models by acting on building geometry; we focused on the most common uses for parametric dynamic simulations. Additionally, the way in which the tool combines the automatic modification of the building’s design and the parallel launching of multiple simulations allows the labor to be reduced. The user can execute complex tasks without spending any time working with model editing software and aggregating the results from multiple simulations.
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Niederau, Jan, Johanna Fink, and Moritz Lauster. "Connecting Dynamic Heat Demands of Buildings with Borehole Heat Exchanger Simulations for Realistic Monitoring and Forecast." Advances in Geosciences 56 (October 6, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-45-2021.
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Abstract. Space heating is a major contributor to the average energy consumption of private households, where the energy standard of a building is a controlling parameter for its heating energy demand. Vertical Ground Source Heat Pumps (vGSHP) present one possibility for a low-emission heating solution. In this paper, we present results of building performance simulations (BPS) coupled with vGSHP simulations for modelling the response of vGSHP-fields to varying heating power demands, i.e. different building types. Based on multi-year outdoor temperature data, our simulation results show that the cooling effect of the vGSHPs in the subsurface is about 2 K lower for retrofitted buildings. Further, a layout with one borehole heat exchanger per building can be efficiently operated over a time frame of 15 years, even if the vGSHP-field layout is parallel to regional groundwater flow in the reservoir body. Due to northward groundwater flow, thermal plumes of reduced temperatures develop at each vGSHP, showing that vGSHPs in the southern part of the model affect their northern neighbors. Considering groundwater flow in designing the layout of the vGSHP-field is conclusively important. Combining realistic estimates of the energy demand of buildings by BPS with subsurface reservoir simulations thus presents a tool for monitoring and managing the temperature field of the subsurface, affected by Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) installations.
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Rodríguez-Vázquez, Martin, Iván Hernández-Pérez, Jesus Xamán, Yvonne Chávez, Miguel Gijón-Rivera, and Juan M. Belman-Flores. "Coupling building energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics: An overview." Journal of Building Physics 44, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 137–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259120901840.
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Building energy simulations coupled with computational fluid dynamics tools have emerged, recently, as an accurate and effective tool to improve the estimation of energy requirements and thermal comfort in buildings. Building modelers and researchers usually implement this coupling in the boundary conditions of both tools (e.g. surface temperature, ambient temperature, and conductive and convective fluxes). This work reviews how the building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling has evolved since its first implementation to the present day. Moreover, this article also summarizes and discusses the research studies in which the building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling has been used to analyze building systems, building components, and building urban configurations. Implementing a building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling brings a series of benefits when compared with the conventional building energy simulation methodology, a building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling provides an improvement that ranges between 10% and 50% for estimating the building energy requirements. Moreover, the computation time to implement computational fluid dynamics with information obtained from the building energy simulation could be reduced by as well.
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Colombo, Paola, Rossano Scoccia, Marcello Aprile, Mario Motta, and Livio Mazzarella. "Minimalist RC network for building energy simulations: a case study based on OpenBPS." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019702005.
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Robust and fast dynamic simulation tools are crucial for the sizing of the components of complex HVAC system and for the definition of the optimal control strategy. In this work, a first step towards the extension of OpenBPS, a new building energy performance simulation tool, to the dynamic simulation of HVAC systems is presented. In particular, the building model has been reduced to a Resistors-Capacitors (RC) network and OpenBPS has been used for the identification of the parameters of the grey-box model. Indeed, the reduction and identification of the building energy model is the fundamental step for extension of the tool to perform dynamic simulations of complex HVAC systems with the advantage of low computational load, thus suitable for parametric yearly simulations and control strategy analyses. The toolkit of identification and cross validation of a minimalist RC network is presented in this paper, discussing the results obtained for a case study building under study in the European project Heat4Cool founded by Horizon 2020 programme. The identified model demonstrated a good accuracy in the estimation of the room temperature under different tests settings representative of the actual operating conditions.
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Ferroukhi, Mohammed, Rafik Belarbi, Karim Limam, and Walter Bosschaerts. "Impact of coupled heat and moisture transfer effects on buildings energy consuption." Thermal Science 21, no. 3 (2017): 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150608215f.
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Coupled heat, air, and moisture transfers through building envelope have an important effect on prediction of building energy requirements. Several works were conducted in order to integrate hygrothermal transfers in dynamic buildings simulations codes. However, the incorporation of multidirectional hygrothermal transfer analysis in the envelope into building simulation tools is rarely considered. In this work, coupled heat, air, and moisture (HAM) transfer model in multilayer walls was established. Thereafter, the HAM model is coupled dynamically to a building behavior code (BES).The coupling concerns a co-simulation between COMSOL Multiphysics and TRNSYS software. Afterward, the HAM-BES co-simulation accuracy was verified. Then, HAM-BES co-simulation platform was applied to a case study with various types of climates (temperate, hot and humid, cold and humid). Three simulations cases were carried out. The first simulation case consists of the TRNSYS model without HAM transfer model. The second simulation case, 1-D HAM model for the envelope was integrated in TRNSYS code. For the third one, 1-D HAM model for the wall and 2-D HAM model for thermal bridges were coupled to the thermal building model of TRNSYS. Analysis of the results confirms the significant impact of 2-D envelope hygrothermal transfers on the indoor thermal and moisture behavior of building as well as on the energy building assessment. These conclusions are shown for different studied climates.
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Di Turi, Silvia, Ilaria Falcone, Iole Nardi, Laura Ronchetti, and Nicolandrea Calabrese. "Evaluation of the energy performance of Zero Energy residential Buildings: complexity of dynamic simulations and results variability." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131206002.
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Due to its energy and environmental impact, the building sector has become a challenging field in order to fulfil the need for energy renovation and obtain low-consumption buildings. The main issue, for those who approach the feasible design of a Zero Energy Building (ZEB), is to assess, in the most realistic way possible, the thermal and energy needs and the energy production of the building, properly considering all the possible variables. Through the analysis of a newly built residential building case study, this work aims at showing the complexity of the ZEB design, analysing the energy performance as the design choices vary. After characterizing envelope and systems components, potential variations in the model are highlighted by applying a set of updated climatic data, varying occupancy, shading systems and natural ventilation functioning, often neglected. It leads to a wide and differentiated range of results, consequently influenced by the design phase. The work aims at providing, in the definition of the energy performance of the building, an evaluation of the variations obtained from the variables analysed that in the modelling phase are normally considered as a boundary but which instead play a key role for achieving the ZEB objective.
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Szagri, D., and B. Nagy. "Building energy analysis of an industrial hall based on dynamic simulations." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 9, no. 2 (December 2018): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2018.9.2.10.
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The aim of the paper is primarily to evaluate the heating energy demand of an industrial hall. In the study, we have made multidimensional dynamic whole building simulations for describing coupled heat and moisture behaviour and energy consumption of the building with different internal loads and compared to the calculated energy consumption of the building according to the Hungarian and Austrian regulations. The walls and roof structure of the industrial building were made with insulated panel systems, the plinth wall was built with monolithic reinforced concrete with 12 cm of XPS insulation. The floor is made of steel fibre reinforced concrete, where 10 cm XPS perimeter insulation was applied. After the calculations, we insulated the floor on the whole surface with 10 cm XPS and investigated the modified structure’s heating energy demand too. In the paper, we analyse the energy consumption of the original and modified industrial building according to the monthly and seasonal calculations and the whole building dynamic simulations and evaluated the differences. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of internal loads, thermal bridges on the simulations.
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Suhonen, Janne, Juha Jokisalo, Risto Kosonen, Ville Kauppi, Yuchen Ju, and Philipp Janßen. "Demand Response Control of Space Heating in Three Different Building Types in Finland and Germany." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 6296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236296.
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Demand response has been noted as a major element of future smart energy systems. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the demand response actions in different conditions—including climate, dynamic energy price, and building types. This study examines energy and cost saving potential of the rule-based demand response in district heating network, in three different building types, in Germany and Finland. The studied building types are apartment buildings, cultural centers, and office buildings. The real-time pricing-based demand response is applied to space heating under the climate conditions of Helsinki, Finland and Hamburg, Germany. Moreover, the typical synthetic dynamic price data, which are based on both counties’ district heating production structure, is applied separately for each countries’ cases. Simulations of this study are conducted with validated simulation tool IDA ICE. The results present that the demand response can provide energy and cost savings around 0.5–7.7% and 0.7–8.1% respectively, depending on the building type and country. The results indicate that marginal value of the control signal, climate conditions, and the dynamic price of the district heating have effect on the demand response saving potential. Flatter district heating price profile provides less savings than a more fluctuating profile.
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Ferrari, Simone, Federica Zagarella, Paola Caputo, and Giuliano Dall’O’. "A GIS-Based Procedure for Estimating the Energy Demand Profiles of Buildings towards Urban Energy Policies." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175445.
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Assessing the existing building stock’s hourly energy demand and predicting its variation due to energy efficiency measures are fundamental for planning strategies towards renewable-based Smart Energy Systems. However, the need for accurate methods for this purpose in the literature arises. The present article describes a GIS-based procedure developed for estimating the energy demand profiles of urban buildings based on the definition of the volumetric consistency of a building stock, characterized by different ages of construction and the most widespread uses, as well as dynamic simulations of a set of Building Energy Models adopting different energy-related features. The simulation models are based on a simple Building Energy Concept where selected thermal zones, representative of different boundary conditions options, are accounted. By associating the simulated hourly energy density profiles to the geo-referenced building stock and to the surveyed thermal system types, the whole hourly energy profile is estimated for the considered area. The method was tested on the building stock of Milan (Italy) and validated with the data available from the annual energy balance of the city. This procedure could support energy planners in defining urban energy demand profiles for energy policy scenarios.
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No, Sangtae. "A Study and Proposal for Applying Cooling Effect of Hybrid Ventilation to the Monthly Energy Demand Calculation Method in Korea." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 7420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217420.
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Countries around the world develop and use software based on the monthly calculation method of DIN V 18599:2007 and EN ISO13790 for building energy performance evaluations. The purpose of this study is to propose a method that can consider the effect of reducing cooling energy demand by hybrid ventilation outdoor air cooling in monthly calculation method-based software. For ventilation simulation, some representative floor plans and area types of Korean residential buildings were established through literature research. A number of dynamic energy simulations were performed for various building orientations, heights, and opening factors. Based on the simulation results, a nomograph that can calculate the cooling energy demand reduction factor according to hybrid ventilation that can be applied to the ventilation heat transfer coefficient is proposed.
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Salehi, Seyed Shahabaldin Seyed, Jarek Kurnitski, and Martin Thalfeldt. "Comparative study of using periodic daily and long-term weather data for cooling system sizing and impact of thermal mass." E3S Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236206002.
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The energy efficiency of buildings is increasing due to energy performance requirements, and the basis for reaching high energy performance is a well-designed and insulated building envelope. Therefore, office buildings’ cooling needs depend primarily on solar and internal heat gains, whereas outdoor temperature has a significantly smaller effect. Furthermore, the highest cooling capacities may occur in spring or autumn when the solar angles are smaller. For that reason, the cooling systems of office buildings are required to be sized based on dynamic building performance simulations. Most of such designs in Northern Europe are performed using IDA ICE simulation software, which uses the ASHRAE Fundamentals heat balance method by default. The design calculations are carried out using a periodic steady-state method which consists of repetitive simulations of selected hot days until the building is not heated up from day to day using the final designed cooling capacity. The process of heating the space by thermal loads in buildings with high thermal mass and well-controlled solar heat gains takes a longer time than in traditional buildings. Thus, the effect of building thermal mass on reducing the design cooling loads might be underestimated. In this paper, we analyze to what extent the ASHRAE Fundamentals method underestimates the effect of the building thermal mass. For this purpose, the cooling system sizing with a focus on a zonal level according to the ASHRAE handbook is compared to the system sizing results of a 30-year simulation using IDA ICE simulation software. A hypothetical office building with four offices toward North, West, South, and East is developed and used for the simulations. The building body comprises four alternatives A to D, which can also be called: very light, light, heavy, and very heavy. The study showed that the current method of cooling design did not significantly underestimate the thermal mass effect in buildings with heavy construction. The thermal mass impact was at its maximum in the southern office, resulting in 5 W/m2 or approximately 20% difference between structures A and D’s cooling capacities using both simulation methods. The difference between results from simulation methods is negligible. However, the simulations for more accurate cooling system sizing with criteria related to the operative temperature need to be done using specific weather files developed for simulations in longer periods.
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Rodríguez-Muñoz, Norma A., Mario Nájera-Trejo, Olivia Alarcón-Herrera, and Ignacio R. Martín-Domínguez. "A building’s thermal assessment using dynamic simulation." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 2 (September 15, 2016): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16668568.
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A thermal analysis of a two-storey building was made using a dynamic simulation software (TRNSYS). Thermal performance of a 2000 m2 building was examined by means of several dynamic simulations. The building is located in a region within the BS climate (steppe) according to the Köppen climate classification, where both air cooling and heating are needed to provide comfortable thermal conditions through the entire year. This weather often represents an energy saving challenge, where heat gains and heat losses need to be efficiently managed. A selection of common construction and glazing materials was implemented, and a simple but effective ventilating strategy was tested. Six thermal zones were defined in the building and a comfort temperature range was established as an operating parameter. The results show hourly mean temperatures and energy consumption due to air conditioning throughout a year.
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Sick, Friedrich, Stefan Schade, Adel Mourtada, Dieter Uh, and Michael Grausam. "DYNAMIC BUILDING SIMULATIONS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MOROCCAN THERMAL REGULATION FOR BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 9, no. 1 (April 2014): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.1.145.
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Comprehensive dynamic building simulations are used in order to conduct sensitivity analyses on the influence of building shell parameters to the heating and cooling demands of a variety of building types in Morocco. In a first step, five climatic zones are defined covering the range of specific heating and cooling demand combinations of a reference building located in eleven locations throughout Morocco. Afterwards, 22 single parameter variations for each building type and each climate zone are performed and analyzed in such a way, that suitable promising combinations can be defined as well. This procedure is faster and easier to analyze than a multidimensional regression. The results show indeed that the selected combinations may reduce energy demands substantially. This paper explains the procedure and results in detail for one residential type of building and for one typical non-residential building. The major overall results are discussed.
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Sari, Dany Perwita, and Pradhana Jati Budhi Laksana. "OPTIMIZATION BUILDING PERFORMANCE IN EARLY DESIGN STAGE USING INTEGRATED DYNAMIC MODEL." MODUL 20, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mdl.20.2.2020.151-156.
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Considering the magnitude of energy loss in building, development of energy saving methods appears to be essential. Daylight plays a significant role in designing energy efficient buildings and improving visual comfort for the occupants. Many daylight analysis methods have been developed in this area. Most of these methods focus on opening maximization. These methods unfortunately might reduce comfort since it causes direct solar glare. There is a need for a reliable lighting simulation model to control the lighting strategy in early stage design. This study proposes a strategy for visualizing daylight analysis of buildings by using Integrated Dynamic Model (IDM). IDM is a combination of design tools used during the conceptual phase for holistic classroom that considers the building’s energy usage, daylight distribution, and thermal indoor environment. The optimization focus is related maximize the performance of the building envelope design. The purpose of this paper are; firstly, providing a new strategy for visualizing the predicting daylight while respecting architectural integrity. The second purpose is to facilitate the designer for choosing window and envelope design alternatives during early stages. The third is to maximize the positive impacts of daylight. Lastly, hopefully IDM could present a simplified simulation and analyze method with the timely, accurate and efficient process.
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Giama, Effrosyni, Georgios Chantzis, Serafim Kontos, Stavros Keppas, Anastasia Poupkou, Natalia Liora, and Dimitrios Melas. "Building Energy Simulations Based on Weather Forecast Meteorological Model: The Case of an Institutional Building in Greece." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010191.
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The vision of decarbonization creates the need to design and construct even more energy-efficient buildings. This current target is even more compelling and challenging. The main issue when designing energy-efficient buildings is to identify present and future building energy requirements. A trending method for solving this problem is dynamic building energy simulation. One of the main inputs during energy simulation is weather data. However, the real problem lies in the fact that standard weather data are good at defining the present situation, and they help in designing buildings that behave efficiently under current climate conditions. To achieve the goal of constructing climate proof buildings, the Weather Research and Forecast meteorological model (WRF) was used to predict future climate scenarios. At first, data from previous years (2006–2010) were used to represent the current climate. The model was used to generate future climate data. Thus, results were produced for 5 year periods 2046–2050 and 2096–2100. These data were used for the energy simulation of an office building in Thessaloniki, Greece. The simulation results showed a reduction in heating loads by approximately 20% in the long term and a simultaneous impressive increase in cooling loads by 60%, highlighting the inadequacy of the existing building shell, as well as the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system design.
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Kim, Young Ki, Lindita Bande, Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul, and Hasim Altan. "Dynamic Energy Performance Gap Analysis of a University Building: Case Studies at UAE University Campus, UAE." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010120.
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As a result of an increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings with a better experience of user comfort, the built environment sector needs to consider the prediction of building energy performance, which during the design phase, is achieved when a building is handed over and used. There is, however, significant evidence that shows that buildings do not perform as anticipated. This discrepancy is commonly described as the ‘energy performance gap’. Building energy audit and post occupancy evaluation (POE) are among the most efficient processes to identify and reduce the energy performance gap and improve indoor environmental quality by observing, monitoring, and the documentation of in-use buildings’ operating performance. In this study, a case study of UAE university buildings’ energy audit, POE, and dynamic simulation were carried out to first, identify factors of the dynamic energy performance gap, and then to identify the utility of the strategy for reducing the gap. Furthermore, the building energy audit data and POE were applied in order to validate and calibrate a dynamic simulation model. This research demonstrated that the case study building’s systems were not operating as designed and almost a quarter of the cooling energy was wasted due to the fault of the building facility management of the mechanical systems. The more research findings were discussed in the paper.
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Guattari, Claudia, Gabriele Battista, Luca Evangelisti, Aldo Fanchiotti, and Luciano Santarpia. "Energy Retrofit of Historical Buildings Based on Windowed Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.154.
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The study of the building energy performance is based on simplified procedures that estimates the energy demand using monthly values of environmental parameters. It is well known that it is possible to use advanced dynamic softwares able to analyze the real building’s behavior along time. For this reason in this study a historical building energy retrofit has been performed through a dynamic software considering the influence of different kind of windowed elements on the annual energy demand. Four simulations, taking into account transparent elements characterized by progressively improved properties of thermal transmittance and solar gain factor, have been performed. The results obtained have been analyzed and compared.
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Engelbrecht Foldager, Henrik, Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen, and Muhyiddine Jradi. "DanRETRO: A Decision-Making Tool for Energy Retrofit Design and Assessment of Danish Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 3794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143794.
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The building sector contributes a substantial amount to the overall energy consumption worldwide along with a large share in the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, improving the performance of buildings is vital to achieve the energy and environmental goals. In this regard, Denmark is not an exception, where the building sector was prioritized, aiming to enhance newly-built buildings’ performance along with upgrading existing buildings through a comprehensive energy retrofit strategy. This study aims to present and demonstrate a decision-making tool for energy retrofit design and assessment of Danish buildings (DanRETRO). Unlike the current energy retrofit assessment methodologies and tools used in the Danish building market, DanRETRO builds on a database comprising a large number of simulations for Danish buildings’ performances of various types, sizes, and ages. The well-established modeling and simulation engine of EnergyPlus is used to develop the dynamic energy models. The DanRETRO tool development is presented, where multiple building retrofitting techniques and measures are carried out along with assessment of the impacts of implementing these improvements on the technical, economic, and environmental levels. The tool’s demonstration in three case study buildings is presented, where the retrofit assessment results are reported and evaluated at various levels.
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Millán-Martínez, Marlón, Germán Osma-Pinto, and Julián Jaramillo-Ibarra. "Estimating a Building’s Energy Performance using a Composite Indicator: A Case Study." TecnoLógicas 25, no. 54 (August 3, 2022): e2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.2352.
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Several studies have analyzed the integration of energy-saving strategies in buildings to mitigate their environmental impact. These studies focused mainly on a disaggregated analysis of such strategies and their effects on the building's energy consumption and thermal behavior, using energy engine simulation software (EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, and DOE2) or graphical interface software (DesignBuilder, eQuest, and ESP-r). However, buildings are complex systems whose energy behavior depends on the interaction of passive (e.g., location and construction materials) and dynamic (e.g., occupation) components. Therefore, this study proposes a composite indicator Building’s Energy Performance (BEP) as an alternative to deal with this complex and multidimensional phenomenon in a simplified way. This indicator considers energy efficiency and thermal comfort. The Electrical Engineering Building (EEB) of the Universidad Industrial de Santander was selected to verify the performance of the BEP indicator. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed for different mathematical aggregation methods and weighting values to test their suitability to reproduce the building behavior. Different simulation scenarios modeled with DesignBuilder software were proposed, in which the energy-saving strategies integrated with the building was individually analyzed. The results confirmed that the integration of the building's energy-saving strategies improved the BEP indicator by approximately 16%. It has also been possible to verify that the BEP indicator adequately reproduces the building’s energy behavior while guaranteeing comfort conditions. Finally, the Building Energy Performance indicator is expected to contribute to the integration of sustainability criteria in the design and remodeling stages of buildings.
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Fuentes, Elena, and Jaume Salom. "Validation of black-box performance models for a water-to-water heat pump operating under steady state and dynamic loads." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101068.
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The use of simple mathematical models for describing the behaviour of heat pumps is important for assessing the energy performance of this equipment when installed in buildings. However, because of their simplicity, commonly used simple models, may not be able to fully account for the dynamic performance of heat pumps during transient phases. In this study, different performance black box models for an on-off water-to-water heat pump are validated by comparison with laboratory experimental results at steady state and dynamic cycling conditions. The models range from the solution based on the interpolation on the heat pump performance map to the detailed dynamic solution that combines correlations for the quasi-steady state operation and activation functions to model the transient phases. The output temperatures, electrical and thermal power and coefficient of performance from simulations were compared with experimental data from a water-to-water heat pump of 40.5 kW nominal heating capacity operating under cycling conditions. After validation with experiments, annual energy performance simulations of a tertiary building provided with a heat pump were conducted. These simulations quantifying the uncertainty expected when using heat pump performance models in simulation environments for estimating their annual energy performance.
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Bühler, M., and T. Bednar. "A review on coupled building physics analyses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012141.
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Abstract This paper reviews methods and tools for coupled building physics analyses in the context of Building Performance Simulations (BPS) with a focus on Building Energy Simulations (BES) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a common application. Furthermore, requirements regarding the necessary information for simulations, data models and coupling are identified. Possibilities of automated simulation model generation, data exchange and the performance of existing multi physics simulation models are analysed and limiting factors are discussed.
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Duan, Li L., Ye Mei, Qing G. Zhang, Bo Tang, and John Z. H. Zhang. "Protein's native structure is dynamically stabilized by electronic polarization." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 13, no. 03 (May 2014): 1440005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633614400057.
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In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for a number of benchmark proteins using both the standard assisted model building with energy refinement (AMBER) charge and the dynamically adjusted polarized protein-specific charge (DPPC) from quantum fragment calculations to provide accurate electrostatic interactions. Our result shows that proteins' dynamic structures drifted away from the native structures in simulations under standard (nonpolarizable) AMBER force field. For comparison, proteins' native structures were dynamically stable after a long time simulation under DPPC. The free energy landscape reveals that the native structure is the lowest energy conformation under DPPC, while it is not under standard AMBER charge. To further investigate the polarization effect on the stability of native structures of proteins, we restarted from some decoy structures generated from simulations using standard AMBER charges and then carried out further MD simulation using DPPC to refine those structures. Our study shows that the native structures from these decoy structures can be mostly recovered using DPPC and that the dynamic structures with the highest population in cluster analysis are in close agreement with the corresponding native structures. The current study demonstrates the importance of electronic polarization of protein in stabilizing the native structure.
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Nageler, P., G. Zahrer, R. Heimrath, T. Mach, F. Mauthner, I. Leusbrock, H. Schranzhofer, and C. Hochenauer. "Novel validated method for GIS based automated dynamic urban building energy simulations." Energy 139 (November 2017): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.151.
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Maželis, Titas, and Rasa Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė. "THE IMPACT OF AN OFFICE INDOOR CLIMATE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 14 (August 18, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2022.17220.
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This article presents the impact of changing the operating parameters of a building’s indoor climate systems on a building’s management system. The study is performed using the dynamic energy modelling program DesignBuilder. The created dynamic energy model is based on the documentation of an actual administrative building and the data recorded by the building management system. The developed model changes the operating modes and parameters of the components of microclimate systems. After the changes, simulations are performed to obtain new results for the building’s energy needs. These results are compared, and the impact of different parameters on energy consumption is analyzed. The study found that a proper setting of indoor climate performance can lead to a 26% reduction in heat and a 7% reduction in cooling costs, which does not adversely affect the comfort of the people.
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Fateh, Amirreza, Davide Borelli, Alessandro Spoladore, and Francesco Devia. "A State-Space Analysis of a Single Zone Building Considering Solar Radiation, Internal Radiation, and PCM Effects." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050832.
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This paper deals with the dynamic modeling of a typical single-zone building. It describes the development of a dynamic model for thermal transient analysis and its application to a simplified test case considering solar irradiation and internal radiation. The dynamic behavior of the indoor air temperature has been investigated by means of a lumped approach using a state-space representation developed in MATLAB/Simulink. A set of daily temperature profiles, which are representative of the Mediterranean climatic condition, on a few different winter days, has been used as boundary conditions for the dynamic simulations. In addition, the model has been validated using two different sets of experimental data available in the literature, both statically and dynamically. Finally, a layer of insulation with a phase change material (PCM) is applied to the single zone building to quantify its effect on the building’s behavior. The results showed that the rate and amount of energy consumption in the building with PCM are moderately lower than the building without PCM. In addition, the variation of inlet air temperature, solar effects, and energy consumption have been evaluated for a case study example, as well as comfort in transient simulation to achieve a complete evaluation of the test building investigated. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the experimental and the simulation results and shows that the model can be used for a wide range of materials, dimensions, thermal resistances, and boundary conditions.
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Zygmunt, Marcin, and Marcin Piczulski. "Economic, environmental and social aspects of buildings’ refurbishment – a case study." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.52.
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The aim of the article is to presents the results of calculations regarding the: economic – based on the life cycle costing (LCC) approach, environmental – based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and social aspects of modeled refurbishment of residential and non-residential stock of buildings. Particular emphasis was placed on the impact of energy efficiency of the modeled buildings on environmental aspects and the selection of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of an area of energy cluster in terms of environmental aspects and a detailed analysis of an offi ce building using advanced energy simulations. The calculations for energy cluster was made using Polish energy certifi cate methodology (monthly calculations) while analysis of an office building was performed using dynamic hourly simulations with use of Energy Plus software. Performed analysis results in reaching energy efficiency scenarios for both cases according to meeting sustain development idea.
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Carlucci, Salvatore, Paolo Zangheri, and Lorenzo Pagliano. "Achieving the Net Zero Energy Target in Northern Italy: Lessons Learned from an Existing Passivhaus with Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.184.
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The recast of the European Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings introduces the concept of nearly Zero Energy Building. To obtain a practical interpretation of this building concept, it is necessary to clarify two main issues: (i) how it is possible to select a reliable and agreed upon concept of “zero energy”; (ii) which technological features might be used to reach that target. In order to test the design of a nearly Zero Energy Building in the South of Europe, we present as case study an Italian Passivhaus located in the Po Valley that has been monitored for 18 months and analyzed through dynamic simulations of calibrated models. In this paper we present a selection of the result of the monitoring and simulation phases regarding the contribution (in terms of reduction of the indoor operative temperatures) of Earth-to-Air Heat Exchangers and natural ventilation strategies to meet different summer thermal comfort targets and consequently to avoid the installation of an active cooling system.
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Jankovic, Ljubomir. "Improving Building Energy Efficiency through Measurement of Building Physics Properties Using Dynamic Heating Tests." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081450.
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Buildings contribute to nearly 30% of global carbon dioxide emissions, making a significant impact on climate change. Despite advanced design methods, such as those based on dynamic simulation tools, a significant discrepancy exists between designed and actual performance. This so-called performance gap occurs as a result of many factors, including the discrepancies between theoretical properties of building materials and properties of the same materials in buildings in use, reflected in the physics properties of the entire building. There are several different ways in which building physics properties and the underlying properties of materials can be established: a co-heating test, which measures the overall heat loss coefficient of the building; a dynamic heating test, which, in addition to the overall heat loss coefficient, also measures the effective thermal capacitance and the time constant of the building; and a simulation of the dynamic heating test with a calibrated simulation model, which establishes the same three properties in a non-disruptive way in comparison with the actual physical tests. This article introduces a method of measuring building physics properties through actual and simulated dynamic heating tests. It gives insights into the properties of building materials in use and it documents significant discrepancies between theoretical and measured properties. It introduces a quality assurance method for building construction and retrofit projects, and it explains the application of results on energy efficiency improvements in building design and control. It calls for re-examination of material properties data and for increased safety margins in order to make significant improvements in building energy efficiency.
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Manescu, Radu, Ioan Valentin Sita, and Petru Dobra. "Building Energy Simulation with On-Site Weather Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 859 (December 2016): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.88.
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Energy consumption awareness and reducing consumption are popular topics. Building energy consumption counts for almost a third of the global energy consumption and most of that is used for building heating and cooling. Building energy simulation tools are currently gaining attention and are used for optimizing the design for new and existing buildings. For O&M phase in existing buildings, the multiannual average weather data used in the simulation tools is not suitable for evaluating the performance of the building. In this study an existing building was modeled in EnergyPlus. Real on-site weather data was used for the dynamic simulation for the heating energy demand with the aim of comparing the measured energy consumption with the simulated one. The aim is to develop an early fault detection tool for building management.
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Brzyski, Przemysław, Magdalena Grudzińska, Martin Böhm, and Grzegorz Łagód. "Energy Simulations of a Building Insulated with a Hemp-Lime Composite with Different Wall and Node Variants." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207678.
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Thermal bridges constitute a significant share in the overall heat losses through building partitions. This is an important issue not only in traditional but also ecological buildings, where the load-bearing structure is often a wooden frame. In partitions insulated with hemp-lime composite, the skeleton is usually hidden in the insulation. However, in some nodes or jambs, wooden elements may be exposed or have a large cross-section, intensifying the heat transfer. This work presents simulations of energy demand in a single-family building insulated with hemp-lime composite, using the BSim dynamic simulation program. The calculations take into account the linear thermal transmittance of structural nodes modeled in the THERM program. The energy demand for heating and the share of thermal bridges in the heat loss of the entire building were calculated for different locations of the structural framework in the walls, as well as the size and number of windows. The share of thermal bridges in heat losses was about 10%, and the differences in energy demand for heating using various frame locations in the wall were negligible.
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Dodoo and Ayarkwa. "Effects of Climate Change for Thermal Comfort and Energy Performance of Residential Buildings in a Sub-Saharan African Climate." Buildings 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9100215.
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This study presents an analysis of the impacts of climate change on thermal comfort and energy performance of residential buildings in Ghana, in sub-Saharan Africa, and explores mitigation as well as adaptation strategies to improve buildings’ performance under climate change conditions. The performances of the buildings are analyzed for both recent and projected future climates for the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana, using the IDA-ICE dynamic simulation software, with climate data from the Meteonorm global climate database. The results suggest that climate change will significantly influence energy performance and indoor comfort conditions of buildings in Ghana. However, effective building design strategies could significantly improve buildings’ energy and indoor climate performances under both current and future climate conditions. The simulations show that the cooling energy demand of the analyzed building in the Greater Accra region is 113.9 kWh/m2 for the recent climate, and this increases by 31% and 50% for the projected climates for 2030 and 2050, respectively. For the analyzed building in the Ashanti region, the cooling energy demand is 104.4 kWh/m2 for the recent climate, and this increases by 6% and 15% for the 2030 and 2050 climates, respectively. Furthermore, indoor climate and comfort deteriorate under the climate change conditions, in contrast to the recent conditions.
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Rotas, Renos, Maria Fotopoulou, Panagiotis Drosatos, Dimitrios Rakopoulos, and Nikos Nikolopoulos. "Adaptive Dynamic Building Envelopes with Solar Power Components: Annual Performance Assessment for Two Pilot Sites." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 2148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052148.
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Energy consumption reduction and thermal quality improvement constitute two major aspects of building design and/or retrofitting. Following the current energy transition trends, a state-of-the-art solution is the implementation of Adaptive Dynamic Building Envelopes (ADBEs), which are capable of integrating different technologies and components. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the annual performance improvement of two actual building spaces retrofitted with ADBEs, consisting of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs), additional thermal insulation, mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery, and solar air heaters (SAHs). Both buildings are pilot sites for the EU Horizon 2020 Plug-n-Harvest project and are located in two rather different climate zones, i.e., Cardiff, Wales, and Grevena, Greece. Moreover, through detailed dynamic modeling with the use of Modelica language, this study attempts to accurately capture all interactions between buildings and all the aforementioned ADBE components. The simulations compared the energy performance and indoor temperature levels in each space before and after the installation of the ADBEs. The results showed that the harvesting of renewable energy through the ADBE system could potentially contribute 60% and 21.8% to the annual electricity and heating load of the space in Cardiff, respectively, and 43.5% to the annual electricity load of the building space in Grevena.
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Salonvaara, Mikael, Seungjae Lee, Emishaw Iffa, Philip Boudreaux, Simon Pallin, André Desjarlais, and Antonio Aldykiewicz. "Selecting durable building envelope systems with machine learning assisted hygrothermal simulations database." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012230.
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Abstract Hygrothermal simulations provide insight into the energy performance and moisture durability of building envelope components under dynamic conditions. The inputs required for hygrothermal simulations are extensive, and carrying out simulations and analyses requires expert knowledge. An expert system, the Building Science Advisor (BSA), has been developed to predict the performance and select the energy-efficient and durable building envelope systems for different climates. The BSA consists of decision rules based on expert opinions and thousands of parametric simulation results for selected wall systems. The number of potential wall systems results in millions, too many to simulate all of them. We present how machine learning can help predict durability data, such as mold growth, while minimizing the number of simulations needed to run. The simulation results are used for training and validation of machine learning tools for predicting wall durability. We tested Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT) for their applicability and model accuracy. Models developed with both methods showed adequate prediction performance (root mean square error of 0.195 and 0.209, respectively). Finally, we introduce how the information supports guidance for envelope design via an easy-to-use web-based tool that does not require the end-user to run hygrothermal simulations.
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Magrini, Anna, and Giorgia Lentini. "NZEB Analyses by Means of Dynamic Simulation and Experimental Monitoring in Mediterranean Climate." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184784.
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The reduction of energy consumption in the building sector has promoted the spread of the NZEB (Nearly Zero Energy Building) model. A future target is represented by positive-energy buildings (PEB), which produce more energy than they consume. The study is centred on the examination of some peculiarities of NZEB through a case study and on the analysis of opportunities for further increase in energy performance, to trace the road that each designer should take, through an extensive evaluation of the potentials variations on the project that could lead to better results. The project assessments are developed through a dynamic simulation model and the data from the monitoring of the building’s performance are used to evaluate the actual energy saving conditions. The analyses demonstrate the importance of an accurate design of the envelope and technical building systems associated with a smart management of the control systems and the setting of the set points, for the optimal operation of the systems. Ambitious but feasible design choices and an accurate analysis of the possibility of increasing the energy performance of a NZEB can lead to reaching the PEB target and energy independence, enhancing the production of energy from renewable sources.
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Dalumo, David B., and Yaik-Wah Lim. "Comparative Study on Computer Simulation of Solar Shading Performance with Heliodon and Artificial Sky." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.4.
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Current technological advancement and the requirement for sustainability-driven practices has birthed increased demands for accuracy in performance and assessment of energy consumption in the built environment. Energy-efficient and sustainable building projects are to large extents dependent on achieving functional solar shading and sufficient daylighting in building interiors. Hence, the understanding and adequate evaluation of the sun and its dynamic influence on buildings right at the early stage of planning and design is essential for the development of performance-driven building designs. In this study, the performance simulation results of Integrated Environmental Solutions <Virtual Environment> software program modules are examined for accuracy in executing performance analysis of solar shading. This study assesses the shading prediction of Suncast; a virtual solar shading calculation tool, and RadianceIES for measuring daylight availability in a tropical climate region. The evaluation of shading performance with Suncast was validated through physical experiment by comparing the results obtained therein with shading analysis outcomes generated on a scale model with the aid of a heliodon. Likewise, RadianceIES daylighting simulations were compared with measurements realised from an artificial sky simulator. The results were further subjected to correlation tests to determine the relationship between simulation and physical experiment results. The computational evaluation approach presented more efficient means of conducting the performance simulations over the physical experiment methods which were limited by mechanical design of the components. Suncast and RadianceIES simulation results presented comparable equivalence with measurement output acquired from the heliodon and artificial sky respectively, with minimal variations in accuracy. Thus, demonstrating the ability of the computational simulation program in accurately predicting solar shading and daylight performance in buildings, this could benefit architects in the proper and efficient design of shading devices for building facades at early design stages.
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Bergero, S., and A. Chiari. "Validation and calibration of dynamic energy models: energy audit of a public building." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012107.
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Abstract Detailed buildings energy audits require dynamic simulation models based on hourly input data. This paper presents the calibration and validation of an office building energy model for the heating and cooling services. Simulation are carried out by DesignBuilder software. Measured hourly heating and cooling energy supplied by the generation system are used for the calibration of the model. Employee behaviour with reference to occupancy profiles and indoor temperature settings is also considered. A good agreement between measured and simulated data is obtained for both heating and cooling seasons.
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Fu, Hui. "Thermal energy constant temperature control system of building energy system based on dynamic analysis method." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 2881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104881f.
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If the intelligent building?s indoor environment?s constant temperature is accurately controlled, the comfort of the building can be improved. When we perform constant temperature control, there will be large fluctuations in the supply air temperature, which results in the traditional methods that cannot control the temperature within a reasonable range. Therefore, the paper proposes an optimal control method for the indoor environment constant temperature of intelligent buildings. In the IoT environment, we integrate the multi-agent technology to design the temperature fuzzy control structure, determine the input and output variables of the intelligent building temperature control system and its fuzzy set, use the dynamic analysis method to modify the fuzzy rules, and integrate it with bilinear The control algorithm builds a dynamic temperature control model for intelligent buildings to maintain the indoor temperature at the set value when the supply air temperature fluctuates significantly. This method makes up for the shortcomings that the current system cannot adapt to the intelligent building environment changes. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the improved algorithm can significantly improve the robustness of the intelligent building constant temperature control, and the temperature control stability is vital.
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Capel-Timms, Isabella, Stefán Thor Smith, Ting Sun, and Sue Grimmond. "Dynamic Anthropogenic activitieS impacting Heat emissions (DASH v1.0): development and evaluation." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 4891–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4891-2020.
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Abstract. Thermal emissions – or anthropogenic heat fluxes (QF) – from human activities impact urban climates at a local and larger scale. DASH considers both urban form and function in simulating QF through the use of an agent-based structure that includes behavioural characteristics of urban residents. This allows human activities to drive the calculation of QF, incorporating dynamic responses to environmental conditions. The spatial resolution of simulations depends on data availability. DASH has simple transport and building energy models to allow simulation of dynamic vehicle use, occupancy and heating–cooling demand, and release of energy to the outdoor environment through the building fabric. Building stock variations are captured using archetypes. Evaluation of DASH in Greater London for periods in 2015 uses a top-down inventory model (GQF) and national energy consumption statistics. DASH reproduces the expected spatial and temporal patterns of QF, but the annual average is smaller than published energy data. Overall, the model generally performs well, including for domestic appliance energy use. DASH could be coupled to an urban land surface model and/or used offline for developing coefficients for simpler/faster models.
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Madad, Abderrahman, Azeddine Mouhsen, and Taoufiq Mouhib. "SIMULATION OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE: STUDY OF SYSTEM OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS INCORPORATED INTO BUILDING BRICKS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 2017): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1029.
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Based on energy conservation equations, a heat transfer model has been performed and numerically solved to study the thermal response of a brick filled of phase change materials (PCM-brick). Energy conservation equations have been developed and discretized. A simulation platform has been developed to produce dynamic simulations of incorporated PCM thermal behavior. The developed tool permits to carry out simulations for several materials that are included in the associated database. The behavior of the temperature inside of the PCM-brick has been evaluated and compared to that of an empty hollow brick. The effects of PCM type, incorporated quantity and location within the brick on the thermal response of this structure have been discussed.
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Pannier, Marie-Lise, Thomas Remoué, and David Bigaud. "Stochastic comparative LCA of smart buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 349 (2022): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234904012.
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Driven by the energy and digital transitions, the concept of smart buildings is gaining importance. In most cases, these buildings are designed with the aim of reducing the consumption of energy resources during the operation phase, while improving the occupants’ comfort and safety. However, smart sensors and actuators themselves have impacts on other environmental indicators and life cycle stages. In this work, the environmental performances of a smart multifamily house and of a standard one are compared using both dynamic building energy simulations and life cycle assessments (LCA). Two insulation levels are possible for the building and the alternatives’ comparison includes uncertainties and variabilities related to occupancy. It turns out that smart building has less impacts than conventional one over their entire life cycle, but their benefit decreases when the level of insulation increases.
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Sick, Friedrich, and Lioba Ross. "CUBATURES FOR MEDIUM-SIZED PLUS ENERGY BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 2 (March 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.28.
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INTRODUCTION On the basis of dynamic building simulations within a maximal realistic framework, it may be useful with respect to the overall energy balance to dispense with pursuing a minimal surface/volume ratio of buildings—thus minimizing heat losses across the building shell—in favor of solar energy use. The specific use of the building (here: office or residential) plays a crucial role. Balancing the energy demand for heating and cooling and a possible photovoltaic yield, a surplus is possible in all cases under investigation. Long, low unobstructed buildings perform best due to large portions of roof area suitable for solar energy use. For tall buildings with less roof area, parts of the facades may be used for solar applications which makes them also perform better than compact designs. If the total energy demand including auxiliary energy for HVAC and especially electricity for the office and residential usages, respectively, is considered, compact cubatures of the size considered here (about 3500 m2) are not capable of providing positive energy balances. Residential usage performs worse than office use. Investigations are performed for the climatic conditions of Berlin, Germany.
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Katal, Ali, Mohammad Mortezazadeh, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang, and Haiyi Yu. "Urban building energy and microclimate modeling – From 3D city generation to dynamic simulations." Energy 251 (July 2022): 123817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123817.
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Arnaoutakis, Georgios E., and Dimitris A. Katsaprakakis. "Energy Performance of Buildings with Thermochromic Windows in Mediterranean Climates." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 6977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216977.
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This article presents comparative results on the energy performance of buildings in the Mediterranean. Many buildings in the Mediterranean exhibit low energy performance ranking. Thermochromic windows are able to improve the energy consumption by controlling the gains from sunlight. In this article, reference buildings in 15 cities around the Mediterranean are investigated. In this work, a dynamic building information modeling approach is utilized, relying on three-dimensional geometry of office buildings. Calculations of the energy demand based on computational simulations of each location were performed, for the estimation of heating and cooling loads. The presented study highlighted the need for high-resolution data for detailed simulation of thermochromic windows in buildings of Mediterranean cities. Temperature is one of the main climate parameters that affect the energy demand of buildings. However, the climate of Mediterranean cities nearby the sea may affect the energy demand. This was more pronounced in cities with arid Mediterranean climate with increased demand in air-conditioning during the summer months. On the other hand, cities with semi-arid Mediterranean climate exhibited relatively increased heating demand. With this parametric approach, the article indicates the energy saving potential of the proposed measures for each Mediterranean city. Finally, these measures can be complemented by overall building passive and active systems for higher energy reductions and increased comfort.
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Sedlák, Pavol, Jay Stuart, and Dominika Búryová. "Recommendations for Automatic Opening Vents (AOV) in an Office Building in Terms of Thermal Instability in Relation to Natural Ventilation and Cooling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.376.
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One of the optimal and most economic ways of completing a thermal assessment of a building is with a precise dynamic thermal simulation, where a building envelope and its systems are simulated and evaluated in a virtual climate using real meteorological data. The simulation parameters can be exported to a Building Management System for a particular building, as simulation problems of natural ventilation reflects the real behaviour of a building. Instability of dynamic thermal simulation is a typical issue for certain conditions, as window operations can cause excessive interior temperature fluctuations and even trigger the heating system if the common ON/OFF or simple linear operation function is used. To solve the problem, reduction of the simulation time-step is usually used, though the principle of the air flow is not handled. Additionally this solution multiplies the simulation complexity, though the instability of the model is significantly reduced. The case model clearly showed a negative contribution of AOVs operated by linear function related to temperature or CO2 at initial simulations, by increasing the energy consumption of the building.
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Zhang, Qian, Homam Nikpey, Mohammad Mansouri, and Mohsen Assadi. "Numerical investigation of a cooling system with phase change material thermal storage for the energy savings in residential buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236206001.
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Energy consumption for cooling is the fastest-growing use of energy in buildings, and the space cooling systems have become one of the major end-users in building service systems. In recent years, phase change materials (PCM) have been increasingly adopted to reduce cooling energy consumption. This paper presents the simulations of an integrated latent heat thermal energy storage (ILHTES) system for residential buildings, which includes the PCM-to-air heat exchanger (PAHX) and air conditioner (AC). In this study, the Modelica language is adopted to develop the numerical model of the ILHTES system. A numerical heat transfer model has been used to simulate the performance of PCM-to-air heat exchanger, and it has been validated against data from the literature. Using the Modelica library AixLib, a simulation of the dynamic behavior and energy consumption of the building is performed. With the help of the ILHTES model, the optimal design of the system can be obtained using the results of the simulations throughout the cooling season. This study evaluates the energy savings potential of the ILHTES system over the conventional air conditioning system under realistic climate conditions in Budapest. The results show that an energy saving ratio of 32.4% can be achieved. The effect of PCM type on energy consumption of the ILHTES system is investigated, the results show that for three commercially available PCMs, RT25, RT20, and RT18, the ILHTES system using RT25 can utilize less energy and obtain a higher energy saving ratio.