Journal articles on the topic 'Building- Earthquake'
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1
Munthe, Agyanata Tua, and Abdul Gafur. "Comparative Analysis Study Of ATC-40 and SNI 1726-2012 Guidelines for Beam Structure Performance and Column Trans Studio Apartments Applications Using Dynamic Response Spectrum Analysis Methods." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci1169.
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The earthquake that often hit Indonesia caused thousands of lives and caused damage to buildings. These earthquakes often occur because Indonesia is in two regions, namely the Pacific earthquake path (Circum Pacific Earthquake Belt) and the Asian earthquake lane (Trans Asiatic Earthquake Belt). Earthquake disasters cause damage to building structures. When an earthquake occurs, it is expected that the building can accept earthquake force at a certain level without significant damage to its structure. In general, earthquake analysis is divided into two major parts, namely static earthquake analysis and dynamic earthquake analysis. In buildings that are very high, irregular, multilevel, and buildings that require enormous accuracy are used dynamic analysis planning, which consists of a variety of spectral response analysis and dynamic time response dynamic analysis. This study aims to determine the building's security in terms of displacement, drift, and base shear. The method used is a dynamic analysis of the response spectrum using the ETABS program. The maximum total drift in the X direction is 0.0200475 m and in the Y direction is 0.020405 m, so the building is safe against ultimate boundary performance (0.02h) and service boundary performance {(0.03 / R) x h}. So that the displacement in the building does not exceed the maximum displacement, the building is safe from earthquake plans.
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Munthe, Agyanata Tua, and Abdul Gafur. "Comparative Analysis Study of ATC-40 and SNI 1726-2012 Guidelines For Beam Structure Performance and Column Trans Studio Apartments Applications Using Dynamic Response Spectrum Analysis Methods." Journal of World Conference (JWC) 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/prd.v2i2.204.
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The earthquake that often hit Indonesia caused thousands of lives and caused damage to buildings. These earthquakes often occur because Indonesia is in two regions, namely the Pacific earthquake path (Circum Pacific Earthquake Belt) and the Asian earthquake lane (Trans Asiatic Earthquake Belt). Earthquake disasters cause damage to building structures. When an earthquake occurs, it is expected that the building can accept earthquake force at a certain level without significant damage to its structure. In general, earthquake analysis is divided into two major parts, namely static earthquake analysis and dynamic earthquake analysis. In buildings that are very high, irregular, multilevel, and buildings that require enormous accuracy are used dynamic analysis planning, which consists of a variety of spectral response analysis and dynamic time response dynamic analysis. This study aims to determine the building's security in terms of displacement, drift, and base shear. The method used is a dynamic analysis of the response spectrum using the ETABS program. The maximum total drift in the X direction is 0.0200475 m and in the Y direction is 0.020405 m, so the building is safe against ultimate boundary performance (0.02h) and service boundary performance {(0.03 / R) x h}. So that the displacement in the building does not exceed the maximum displacement, the building is safe from earthquake plans.
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Dwi Pratama, Andhika Ronald, Jojok Widodo Soetjipto, and Krisnamurti Krisnamurti. "Evaluation of Building Vulnerability to Earthquake Using Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) Method." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 23, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v23i2.31399.
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Indonesia is one of the countries prone to earthquakes. One of the earthquake disasters that occurred several years ago hit Palu and Donggala on September 28, 2018. It caused severe damage to infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate buildings vulnerable to earthquakes as a form of prevention. One of the buildings in Jember, the dr. Soebandi hospital, experienced cracks in the walls during an earthquake measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale in Nusa Dua Bali on July 16, 2019. This study carried out the risk assessment of the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method from FEMA P-154. RVS is a method to identify a building that is potentially vulnerable to earthquake hazards based on visual observations from the exterior and interior of the building. The results of the evaluation using the RVS method showed that the dr. Soebandi hospital is categorized as safe and not prone to earthquakes, with a potential vulnerability percentage of 0.0126%. Based on these results, the building does not require special treatment to anticipate earthquakes; however, maintaining the occupants' safety and extending the building's life requires routine maintenance.
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Galloway, B. D., and H. J. Hare. "A review of post-earthquake building control policies with respect to the recovery of the Christchurch CBD." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 45, no. 3 (September 30, 2012): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.45.3.105-116.
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The Canterbury earthquake sequence was particularly disruptive for building owners and businesses located within the CBD. The initial damage to buildings in the relatively moderate September 2010 earthquake was surpassed by the significantly more damaging February 2011 event, challenging the way in which engineers have traditionally considered earthquake recovery.
Internationally, re-occupation of buildings following an earthquake has been based on the need to get businesses operating from buildings that are rapidly identified as having suffered minor structural damage. However, following the February 2011 earthquake, the shift in risk profile was reflected by limiting re-occupation unless it could be shown that the building also had a minimum capacity to resist earthquakes. This challenges the balance between continuing function and safety in the traditional post-earthquake evaluation process.
The timeframe for commencement of repairs has a significant impact on the speed of recovery. The importance of well defined regulations was highlighted in the well insured Christchurch building market, where legal arguments halted repairs in many instances. There is also a clear need for a modified, streamlined building consent process for the repair of earthquake damaged buildings.
This paper looks at the various building control policies enacted during the Canterbury earthquakes, and their effectiveness in aiding the recovery of the Christchurch CBD.
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Pang, Guo Li, Dan Qi Chen, and Meng Huang. "Research on Building Earthquake Disaster Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1228.
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In this paper, we present a building earthquake disaster simulation system. The system can estimate the destruction of buildings by different earthquakes, and analyze the quake-proof ability of different buildings. Moreover, based on the multi-input method of certain dynamical analysis, the system uses 3D, GIS, and VS.NET, and implements a building earthquake disaster simulation platform, which can present the destroyed results visually.
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Istiono, Heri, Eka Susanti, Jaka Propika, and Azhar Yusuf Ramadhan. "Study comparison P-Delta Effect analysis depends on height variation of the building." Journal of Civil Engineering, Planning and Design 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jcepd.2022.v1i1.3055.
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Indonesia is an area where three active plates meet, so many areas are prone to earthquakes. To anticipate this and minimize casualties due to earthquakes, earthquake-resistant buildings are needed. Earthquake resistant buildings are the most important thing that needs to be considered, a building structure must be designed to be able to withstand lateral loads such as earthquakes within the limits set by the code/standard. The result of the earthquake load will produce an additional effect on the multi-storey building, namely the P-Delta effect. In this study, the effect of these effects will be analyzed on non-rise buildings and high-rise buildings. Analysis of the P-Delta effect will be calculated on the modeling of three buildings for non-rise buildings (Building models A, B and C) and three highrise building models (Building models D, E and F) and get the results that the P-Delta Effect has an impact on changes structural performance level in Model E Building (56 meters) from Immediate Occupancy to Life Safety
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Ambatkar, Ms Sayali. "Design and Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Building (Three Storeyed R.C.C. School Building) using STAAD.PRO." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 2846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35427.
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The field of Earthquake Engineering has existed in our country for over 35 years now. Indian earthquake engineers have made significant contributions to the seismic safety of several important structures in the country. However, as the recent earthquakes have shown, the performance of normal structures during past Indian earthquakes has been less satisfactory. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness amongst most practising engineers of the special provisions that need to be followed in earthquake resistant design and thereafter in construction. In India, the multi-storied building is constructed due to high cost and scarcity of land. In order to utilize maximum land area, builders and architects generally proposed asymmetrical plan configuration. These asymmetrical plan buildings, which are constructed in seismic prone areas, are likely to be damaged during earthquake. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which can be generate the most destructive forces on structure. Buildings should be made Safe for lives by proper design and detailing of structural member in order to have a ductile form of failure. The concept of earthquake resistant design is that the building should be designed to resist the forces, which arises due to Design Basic Earthquake, with only minor damages and the forces which arises due to Maximum Considered Earthquake, with some accepted structural damages but no collapse. This paper studies the Earthquake Resisting Building.
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Clifton, George Charles, and Gregory A. MacRae. "Lessons from the Field; Steel Structure Performance in Earthquakes in New Zealand from 2010 to 2016." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.61.
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First the Canterbury earthquake series of 2010/2012 and then the Kaikoura Earthquake of 2016 have significantly impacted the building stock in central and southern New Zealand, subjecting a wide range of buildings and building components to earthquake shaking ranging from moderate to severe. The economic and social costs of these earthquakes have been severe, but the lessons learned on how buildings and building systems designed and detailed to New Zealand provisions have performed have been invaluable. We have learned more about this from these earthquakes then from the many reconnaissance trips undertaken to overseas earthquakes over the 50 years of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. This paper focusses on the performance of steel framed buildings in two major New Zealand cities, Christchurch and Wellington, with greatest emphasis on multi-storey buildings, but also covering light steel framed housing. It addresses such issues as the magnitude and structural impact of the earthquake series, how the various systems performed against the design expectations and briefly covers some of the research underway to quantify where there were differences between the observed performance and the expected performance.
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Maison, Bruce F., Kazuhiko Kasai, and Yoji Ooki. "Relative Performance of Kobe and Northridge WSMF Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 4 (November 2006): 1081–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2359743.
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Seismic behaviors of a five-story welded steel moment-frame (WSMF) office building in Kobe, Japan, and a six-story WSMF office building in Northridge, California, are compared. Both experienced earthquake damage (1995 Kobe and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, respectively). Computer models of the buildings are formulated, having the ability to simulate damage in terms of fractured moment connections. Analyses are conducted to assess building response during the earthquakes. The calibrated models are then analyzed using a suite of earthquake records to compare building performance under consistent demands. The Kobe building is found to be more rugged than the Northridge building. Analysis suggests it would experience much less damage than the Northridge building from shaking equivalent to 2,500-year earthquake for a generic Los Angeles site. Superior performance of the Kobe building is attributed to its relatively greater stiffness and strength. The results provide insight into the difference in seismic fragility expected for this class of mid-rise WSMF buildings in Japan and the United States.
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PAMUNGKAS, Adjie, Kesumaning Dyah LARASATI, and Data IRANATA. "Architectural and Structural Requirements on Building Permits to Reduce Earthquake Risk. The Case of Surabaya, Indonesia." Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning 12, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jssp.2021.2.04.
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The Indonesian Earthquake Centre has discovered two fault zones in Surabaya, causing a 6.5 magnitude earthquake in 2017. Since Indonesia lies in the ring of fire area, the national government has stipulated several earthquake-building regulations. However, with no history of significant earthquakes, Surabaya has no strict local building regulations to reduce the new risk. Previous studies indicate that simple buildings in Surabaya are the most vulnerable during any earthquake events. Simple buildings, as permanent and semi-permanent constructions, dominate in the category of residential buildings in Surabaya. Furthermore, vulnerable buildings are the primary cause of fatalities and injuries during earthquake events. Consequently, the revision of current local building regulations is the key milestone to reduce the earthquake risk in Surabaya. This paper evaluates current local and national building regulations by using content analysis of in-depth interviews and focus group discussion data, and then proposes adjustments to the local regulations to increasing the resilience degree of constructions in Surabaya. The modifications on current local regulations are mainly related to the shape of the building and the material used for façades and building safety analysis (load factor analysis and collapse scenarios).
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Livian Teddy. "Tren desain arsitektur di indonesia yang mempengaruhi kerentanan bangunan terhadap gempa." Pixel :Jurnal Ilmiah Komputer Grafis 14, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/pixel.v14i1.459.
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Indonesia is an earthquake-prone zone country. Many victims of life and material due to the earthquake that occurred in Indonesia. One of them is the result of the collapse of the building. Buildings in Indonesia should be designed to withstand earthquakes. The resistance of buildings to earthquakes is highly dependent on their geometric configuration which is closely related to form and space. With the development of the era, it also affects the architectural 'trend' favored by architects and clients. But without realizing this trend can affect the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes. Design trends carried out by architects that can affect the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes are: 1). Architectural styles that are developing in the world, 2). Transformation of the geometric form of the building, 3). Selection of building materials, 4). Placement of swimming pools on the roofs of high-rise buildings, and 5). Use of building modules.
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Okada, Keiichi, Yutaka Nakamura, and Masaaki Saruta. "Application of Earthquake Early Warning System to Seismic-Isolated Buildings." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0242.
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The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has developed an earthquake early warning system to release information in the event of earthquake, and this system has been in practical use since 2007. Meanwhile, structural health monitoring technology has been attracting attention from those who want to save time in determining the structural health of buildings and who want to detect earthquake resistance performance and damage sustained. Practical applications of this technology have also begun. Seismic-isolated buildings have been developed to protect building structures and keep properties safe from earthquakes and this is significantly effective means to protect properties as a preventative measure against earthquake. The technology is based on the past experiences of the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995. Seismic disaster prevention technologies have been further developed since then against the severe, large scale damage to buildings and loss of human life which could be incurred by earthquakes. This should be a system as safe and secure hardware and software as a system in building structures, in addition to the current situation and earthquake disaster prevention of structure itself. This paper describes the earthquake early warning system used to tackle the threat of earthquakes. And the paper shows two applications of the earthquake early warning system and structural health monitoring technologies to seismic-isolated buildings.
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Nishizawa, Takao. "Seismic Isolation Retrofit for Large-Scale Government Building Identified as Cultural Assets." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0199.
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The Aichi Prefectural Government building in Nagoya, designated a national registered cultural asset and an important disaster prevention facility, was found in 2002 to be seismically inadequate for anticipated earthquakes. While seismic retrofitting has been considered, however, no report has, to our knowledge, compared retrofitting alternatives in depth. The building is located in a Nagoya district scheduled for disaster prevention measures anticipating the Tokai and Tonankai earthquakes - two “super shakers” expected to devastate major Japanese cities, including Tokyo, and decimate the urban population in the not too distant future. These quakes are expected to produce long-term earthquake movement with amplified long-period components and to damage long-period structures such as skyscrapers and base-isolated buildings. In 2003, we selected seismic retrofitting as the optimum answer given the prefectural building’s features. We made objective comparisons working with academic experts and, in 2004, jointly examined the building using simulated earthquake motion based on the latest knowledge and data, making the main building a highly earthquake-resistant structure. This paper reports our findings and the aftermath of recommendations. The building appearance and building structure conception diagram are shown in Fig. 1.
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Negi, Ankit. "Virtual Reality Simulation of Earthquake Response of Buildings Using AI." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v9i2.13854.
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Virtual Reality Simulation of Earthquake Response of Buildings using AI is an innovative approach to designing and evaluating the structural performance of buildings during earthquakes. The simulation is based on AI technology, which provides a realistic and immersive experience of earthquake scenarios in a virtual environment. The goal is to understand the behaviour of buildings during an earthquake and identify potential weaknesses in the structure to improve the building's resilience. The VR simulation is designed to identify the physical behaviour of buildings during earthquakes, including their response to ground shaking, vibration, and deformation. The AI algorithms enable the simulation to react in real-time to the user's input and the dynamic response of the building. The simulation generates a visual and audio output that accurately represents the scenario, providing an immersive experience to the user.
The simulation can be used to assess the performance of existing buildings and provide feedback on their resilience to earthquakes. It can also be used in the design and construction of new buildings to identify and mitigate potential risks. The AI algorithms can analyse the data generated by the simulation to provide insights into the building's structural behaviour and suggest improvements. Virtual Reality Simulation of Earthquake Response of Buildings Using AI is a cutting-edge technology that has the potential to revolutionise the way we design and evaluate buildings for earthquake resilience. It provides a safe and cost-effective way to study the behaviour of buildings during earthquakes, which can save lives and prevent property damage in earthquake-prone areas.
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Choi, Wooil, Jae-Woo Park, and Jinhwan Kim. "Loss assessment of building and contents damage from the potential earthquake risk in Seoul, South Korea." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 985–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-985-2019.
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Abstract. After the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake and the 2017 Pohang earthquake struck the Korean peninsula, securing financial stability regarding earthquake risks has become an important issue in South Korea. Many domestic researchers are currently studying potential earthquake risk. However, empirical analyses and statistical approaches are ambiguous in the case of South Korea because no major earthquake has ever occurred on the Korean peninsula since the Korean Meteorological Agency started monitoring earthquakes in 1978. This study focuses on evaluating possible losses due to earthquake risk in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, by using a catastrophe model methodology integrated with GIS (Geographic Information Systems). Building information, such as structure and location, is taken from the building registration database and the replacement cost for buildings is obtained from insurance information. As the seismic design code in the KBC (Korea Building Code) is similar to the seismic design code of the UBC (Uniform Building Code), the damage functions provided by HAZUS-Multi-hazard (HAZUS-MH) are used to assess the damage state of each building in event of an earthquake. A total of 12 earthquake scenarios are evaluated by considering the distribution and characteristics of active fault zones on the Korean peninsula and damages, with total loss amounts are calculated for each of the scenarios. The results of this study show that loss amounts due to potential earthquakes are significantly lower than those of previous studies. The challenge of this study is to implement an earthquake response spectrum and to reflect the actual asset value of buildings in Seoul.
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Hejazi, Farzad, Samira Jilani Kojouri, Jamal Noorzaei, M. S. Jaafar, W. A. Thanoon, and A. Ali Abang Abdullah. "Inelastic Seismic Response of RC Building with Control System." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.241.
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Conventional buildings are mainly designed based on elastic analysis of structures subjected to moderate earthquakes. In this case, the seismic forces are much smaller than the forces introduced by strong ground motions with the considered structural behavior going to nonlinear response during these severe earthquakes. Improving the earthquake resistance of reinforced concrete buildings using a variety of earthquake energy dissipation systems has received considerable attention in recent years by civil engineers. In the present study, a nonlinear computational scheme was developed to predict the complete nonlinear dynamic response of reinforced concrete framed buildings equipped with viscous damper device subjected to earthquake excitation. A finite element program code is developed based on the nonlinear analysis procedure of reinforced concrete buildings equipped with viscous damper devices and a two dimensional, five story models of RC buildings subjected to earthquake were analyzed. Result of nonlinear analysis of RC buildings which furnished by viscous dampers indicated that using of viscous dampers effectively reduced the damages occurring in the building and structural motion during severe earthquakes.
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Zebua, Dermawan, and Leonardus Setia Budi Wibowo. "Effect of Soil Type on Lateral Displacement of Reinforced Concrete Building." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 3, no. 03 (October 26, 2022): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v3i03.4965.
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As has happened in various cases of earthquakes, the impact caused by each earthquake event varies, because the earthquake shaking that occurs on the ground is not only influenced by the distance and strength of the earthquake, but also by local soil conditions which are related to the amplification phenomenon. earthquake waves are influenced by the type and thickness of the soil/sediment layer above the bedrock. Reinforced concrete storey buildings are designed to withstand both vertical and horizontal loads. The taller the building, the greater the lateral load that will be received by the building structure. In the design of earthquake-resistant structures, the inelastic behavior of the structure is highly expected for the occurrence of earthquake energy dispersion during both moderate and strong earthquakes. In earthquake-prone countries such as Indonesia, it is required to comply with applicable national standards and the structure can still function and be safe from earthquakes affected by the earthquake. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the type of soil has on the lateral displacement of a 10-story reinforced concrete building using shear walls in accordance with earthquake building regulations (SNI 1726, 2019) and loading (SNI 1727, 2020). The results obtained that soft soil types have the largest displacement value with a value of 91,831 mm and hard rock soil types have the smallest displacement value with a value of 44,114 mm.
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Rusli, Nurhafizah, Muhammad Aimran Amzar Kamarudin, and Saffuan Wan Ahmad. "The Evaluation of Double Story Building Considering Earthquake." CONSTRUCTION 2, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/construction.v2i1.7603.
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Despite being one of the safest countries in the world with shallow earthquake hazards, Malaysia has experienced some minor earthquakes due to its proximity to neighboring countries like Indonesia and Filipina. High seismicity areas surround the nation on the west, south, and east. Furthermore, only about one percent of Malaysia's buildings are earthquake resistant, and Malaysia needs to think of ways to deal with it by constructing more seismic resistance buildings. This research aims to study the implication and cost consequences of the double-story building when an earthquake occurs. In this study, the evaluation of double-story buildings will be investigated by comparing the structural and cost implications of double-story buildings with seismic and without seismic loads. The analysis of an architectural drawing of a typical double-story building will be carried out as part of the research. It is observed that buildings considering earthquake design have more significant structural and cost implications when compared with buildings without considering earthquake design. The study's findings are expected to provide earthquake design criteria for double-story buildings in Malaysia and its neighboring countries to ensure community safety and reduce the structural and cost effects of the construction of double-story buildings with earthquake resistance.
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Rajput, Gautam, and Vinayak Mishra. "Performance of RC Building with Different base Isolators." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46404.
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Abstract: The paper evaluates the application of base isolation methods based on the location of site. Building various sorts of structures while assuring their safety, serviceability, and durability is the focus of civil engineering. Seismic activity has severe impact on the structures' serviceability and safety. The type of building, the type of soil, the technology utilized for seismic resistant, and the location of the building, all the effects how much damage an earthquake may cause to structures. Because an earthquake alters the motion of the ground, which causes foundation failure, the effects of an earthquake are primarily dependent on the type of soil used for building foundations. Therefore, it is crucial to study how different types of soil behave during occurrence of earthquakes. A base isolation technique is one of the methods utilized in construction that can resist earthquakes. It enhances a building's structural performance when it is subjected to lateral stresses. This paper studies the effect of an earthquake response of isolated buildings and provides analysis of the base isolation on the structure's nature as well as a discussion of various isolator types. It compares the performance of two types of isolators: Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction Pendulum Bearing (FPB). G+12 R.C structure is taken in this study & Time History analysis is performed with ETABS software. Time Period and Story Stiffness are compared for the building with the base isolator against the building with the fixed base. In comparison with a fixed base building, parameters are changed in each direction due to the presence of an isolator. The analysis examines the characteristics and the effects of base isolation on structures with the Bhuj earthquake.
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Naseer, Amjad, Akhtar Naeem Khan, Zakir Hussain, and Qaisar Ali. "Observed Seismic Behavior of Buildings in Northern Pakistan during the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 2 (May 2010): 425–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3383119.
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Recent earthquakes in Pakistan demonstrated that the region is highly seismic. Masonry buildings constructed with stones, concrete blocks, and fired-clay bricks and concrete buildings were damaged during the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake. This paper presents the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings in northern part of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Kashmir during the earthquake. Most of the buildings were observed to be nonengineered or semi-engineered. The paper presents an overview of the 1937 Quetta building code and the 1986 and 2007 building codes of Pakistan. Lessons learned during the earthquake are also presented.
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Uma, S. R., Andrew King, Jim Cousins, and Ken Gledhill. "The GeoNet building instrumentation programme." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 44, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.44.1.53-63.
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In New Zealand, the performance of instrumented structures has rarely been tested by earthquake events with design-level motions to enable verification of the code design recommendations and related design assumptions. In the Darfield event, Rutherford building at the University of Canterbury was the only instrumented building that recorded its earthquake response. Lessons from overseas earthquakes, in particular the 1994 Northridge event, have demonstrated the invaluable use of information from instrumented buildings. In order to derive similar benefits from any future New Zealand events, steps were initiated to install modern digital accelerographs in structures. The new building instrumentation programme aims to install earthquake strong-motion instruments within up to 30 structures (mainly buildings and bridges) across New Zealand so as to measure their responses to future earthquake-induced ground motions. This article describes the objective of the instrumentation programme, highlighting the expected benefits to various end-users, the progress made so far and the future scope of the ongoing programme.
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Mehta, Rahul, and Mohit Bhandari. "Evaluation of Seismic Response of Composite Buildings under Near-Field Earthquakes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012016.
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Abstract This paper represents the effectiveness of the bracing system concerning the seismic performance of steel-concrete composite buildings by comparing 5-storey composite buildings with and without bracings subject to extreme earthquake loads. The nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) is carried out on the specific building models considered for this study. The seismic response is obtained in terms of different seismic response parameters which are further compared to determine the effect of the bracing system. The results obtained by applying real earthquake records of different near-field & far-field earthquakes were compared for three earthquake response parameters which include base shear, inter-storey drifts, and storey displacements. The bracing system is very effective in resisting the seismic force when subjected to extreme earthquakes as it increases the overall stiffness of the building. The bracing system improves the overall performance of the composite building by reducing the inter-storey drifts and maximum storey displacement under extreme earthquakes.
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Celebi, Mehmet. "Response of a 14-Story Anchorage, Alaska, Building in 2002 to Two Close Earthquakes and Two Distant Denali Fault Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 3 (August 2004): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1779291.
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The recorded responses of an Anchorage, Alaska, building during four significant earthquakes that occurred in 2002 are studied. Two earthquakes, including the 3 November 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, with epicenters approximately 275 km from the building, generated long trains of long-period (>1 s) surface waves. The other two smaller earthquakes occurred at subcrustal depths practically beneath Anchorage and produced higher frequency motions. These two pairs of earthquakes have different impacts on the response of the building. Higher modes are more pronounced in the building response during the smaller nearby events. The building responses indicate that the close-coupling of translational and torsional modes causes a significant beating effect. It is also possible that there is some resonance occurring due to the site frequency being close to the structural frequency. Identification of dynamic characteristics and behavior of buildings can provide important lessons for future earthquake-resistant designs and retrofit of existing buildings.
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Muselemov, H. M., O. M. Ustarkhanov, and A. K. Yusupov. "PROBABLE CALCULATION OF BUILDING SEISMIC RESISTANCE ON KINEMATIC SUPPORT." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 45, no. 3 (May 12, 2019): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2018-45-3-194-211.
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Objectives. The article reflects the results of the numerical analysis of the earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports. To this end, the problem is reduced to solving the nonlinear stochastic Cauchy problem. The solution is constructed by the method of successive approximations. The probabilistic characteristics of the oscillation of the building are determined without the use of linearization techniques. An algorithm for solving this problem, which allows to perform numerical experiments on a computer to study the operation of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic sup-ports, is given.Method. The acceleration of the earth's surface during an earthquake is represented as a non-stationary random Gaussian process. This approach is now generally accepted and beyond doubt. The study of vibrations of the building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes is reduced to the solution of the stochastic nonlinear Cauchy equation. This equation is solved by iteration. The acceleration of the earth's surface is a function of three random variables. The required probability is represented as a triple integral, which is calculated using a computer.Result. The basic information about the considered kinematic supports is given. The Cauchy problem is formulated for the case of oscillations of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes. The algorithm allowing to solve this equation is described in detail. The probability of finding the movements of the building within certain limits is represented as a triple integral. The results of numerical experiments carried out on a computer are given. The corresponding graphs are constructed using real accelerograms of strong earthquakes that occurred in the cities of Taft (USA) and Gazli (Uzbekistan).Conclusion. This article describes the method of calculation of earthquake-resistant buildings on kinematic supports, using the data of real strong earthquakes. Based on the results of numerical experiments conducted on a computer, graphs of the reliability of seismic stability of the building in earthquakes. The constructed algorithm and the developed technique can be used in the calculation and design of earthquake-resistant buildings both on conventional supports and on kinematic supports.
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Choudhary, Kusum, and Bushra Fatima. "Emergence of Earthquake Resistant Buildings: Review of Earthquake Resistant Tall Buildings of India." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 14, no. 2 (Special Issue) (June 15, 2022): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.14221.54.
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Earthquakes are a sign that the earth’s internal structure is changing. Seismic activity is normal in most parts of the world, but the frequency with which it occurs is determined by the tectonic setup of the region. Past earthquakes have resulted in significant loss of life and property, impacting a country’s social and economic conditions. Tough an earthquake cannot be prevented, the least that can be done to minimize damage is to make buildings earthquake-resistant. Most countries have required the inclusion of seismic requirements in building design and architecture as our understanding of earthquakes has increased. This paper aims to create a review of some earthquake-resistant tall buildings in various seismic zones in India. This study focuses on what are the different techniques adopted for these tall buildings to make them earthquake-resistant. This is a research with the approach consists of analysis from various case and literature studies and their comparison with regard to earthquake.
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Karakale, Vail. "Use of Structural Steel Frames for Structural Restoration of URM Historical Buildings in Seismic Areas." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431117500129.
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Historic buildings and monuments are an important part of our cultural heritage that must be protected and their sustainability ensured, especially when earthquakes occur. In this paper, a technique that uses structural steel frames is proposed as one way of strengthening unreinforced masonry (URM) in historical buildings. The idea underpinning this technique is to reduce the earthquake displacement demand on non-ductile URM walls by attaching steel frames to the building floors from inside. These frames run parallel to the structural system of the building and are fixed at their base to the existing foundation of the building. Furthermore, they are constructed rapidly, do not occupy architectural space, save the building’s historic fabric, and can be easily replaced after an earthquake if some minor damage ensues. The proposed technique was applied to a five-story historical masonry building in Istanbul. The results of seismic performance analysis indicate that even though the building has plan irregularities, the proposed steel frames are able to effectively enhance the building’s seismic performance by reducing inter-story drifts and increasing lateral stiffness and strength.
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Işık, Ercan. "Structural Failures of Adobe Buildings during the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2023): 8937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158937.
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Türkiye experienced great destruction during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake couple which occurred as Pazarcık (Mw = 7.7) and Elbistan (Mw = 7.6) on 6 February 2023. The weak structural characteristics and the magnitude of the earthquakes caused more than 50,000 casualties. Significant damage occurred in both urban and rural building stock in 11 different provinces that were primarily affected by the earthquakes. The dominant building stock is masonry structures in the rural areas of the earthquake region. Structural damages at various levels have occurred in adobe masonry structures built using local labours and resources without any engineering service. The main purpose of this study is to examine the failure and collapse mechanisms of adobe structures after Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in detail. First of all, information about both earthquakes was given. The earthquake intensity for all provinces was obtained by using the peak ground acceleration-intensity relation suggested for Türkiye, taking into account the measured PGAs in earthquakes. The observed structural damages were evaluated in terms of earthquake and civil engineering in adobe structures. Damage classification was conducted using European Macro-Seismic Scale (EMS-98) for a total of 100 adobe buildings. Of these structures, 25% were destroyed, 49% were heavily damaged, 15% were damaged moderately, and 11% were damaged slightly. In addition, the rules regarding adobe structures were compared considering the last two earthquake design codes used in Türkiye. In the study, suggestions were also presented to prevent structural damage in the adobe buildings in the earthquake region. Low strength of adobe material, usage of heavy earthen roofs, failure to comply with earthquake-resistant building design principles, and insufficient support of load-bearing walls are the main causes of damage.
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Li, S., and H. Tang. "BUILDING DAMAGE EXTRACTION TRIGGERED BY EARTHQUAKE USING THE UAV IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-929-2018.
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When extracting building damage information, we can only determine whether the building is collapsed using the post-earthquake satellite images. Even the satellite images have the sub-meter resolution, the identification of slightly damaged buildings is still a challenge. As the complementary data to satellite images, the UAV images have unique advantages, such as stronger flexibility and higher resolution. In this paper, according to the spectral feature of UAV images and the morphological feature of the reconstructed point clouds, the building damage was classified into four levels: basically intact buildings, slightly damaged buildings, partially collapsed buildings and totally collapsed buildings, and give the rules of damage grades. In particular, the slightly damaged buildings are determined using the detected roof-holes. In order to verify the approach, we conduct experimental simulations in the cases of Wenchuan and Ya’an earthquakes. By analyzing the post-earthquake UAV images of the two earthquakes, the building damage was classified into four levels, and the quantitative statistics of the damaged buildings is given in the experiments.
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Rastiveis, H., N. Khodaverdi zahraee, and A. Jouybari. "OBJECT-ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION OF LIDAR DATA FOR POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE DETECTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-421-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The collapse of buildings during the earthquake is a major cause of human casualties. Furthermore, the threat of earthquakes will increase with growing urbanization and millions of people will be vulnerable to earthquakes. Therefore, building damage detection has gained increasing attention from the scientific community. The advent of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technique makes it possible to detect and assess building damage in the aftermath of earthquake disasters using this data. The purpose of this paper is to propose and implement an object-based approach for mapping destructed buildings after an earthquake using LiDAR data. For this purpose, first, multi-resolution segmentation of post-event LiDAR data is done after building extraction from pre-event building vector map. Then obtained image objects from post-event LiDAR data is located on the pre-event satellite image. After that, appropriate features, which make a better difference between damage and undamaged buildings, are calculated for all the image objects on both data. Finally, appropriate training samples are selected and imported into the object-based support vector machine (SVM) classification technique for detecting the building damage areas. The proposed method was tested on the data set after the 2010 earthquake of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Quantitative evaluation of results shows the overall accuracy of 92&thinsp;% by this method.</p>
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Sabale, Arati Avinash. "Comparison of Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storied Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37381.
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Vibration of ground is the main cause of earthquake damage to building structures. There are many factors responsible for the strength of earthquake shaking at a site including the earthquake's magnitude, the site's proximity to the fault, the local geology, and the soil type. The natural disasters have been fast recurring all over the world causing great concern and damage to man and their properties. Among these disasters Earthquake is an endogenous natural disaster, which occurs suddenly without any warning. The vast devastation of engineering systems and facilities during the past earthquakes has exposed serious deficiencies in the prevalent design and construction. Shear wall is one of the most commonly used lateral load resisting in high rise buildings. Shear wall can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal load and support gravity load. In the study, one tall RCC building of 13 stories is assumed to be situated in seismic zone V is analysed using two methods (Static and Dynamic Analysis). The share walls are taken at different position of building. The comparison of the different shear wall models is studied in this work against the different parameters like time period, bending moment, shear force, storey drift, displacement
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CİRİTCİ, İlke, and Gül YÜCEL. "THE RISKS OF NONSTRUCTURAL BUILDING COMPONENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EARTHQUAKE AND PEDESTRIANISED STREETS IN HISTORIC CITY CENTERS: ISTANBUL BEYOGLU CEZAYIR STREET CASE." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11102100/014.
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In most of historical cities, some streets have been pedestrianised in order to facilitate pedestrian circulation. This situation affects functions of historical buildings and increases also pedestrian density of streets. Many historical cities in the world are threatened by earthquake. It is important to consider earthquake related disasters for the pedestrianization practices in historical cities. The historical urban centers, most of have masonry buildings, may not perform well enough to overcome the risks. Building structural system, construction date, number of storey, maintenance and repair conditions and physical changes due to functional changes are similar factors affecting the performance of the building earthquakes. Although buildings have performed sufficiently structurally against earthquakes, nonstructural components damages may occur. In case of earthquake, poor performance of nonstructural components may cause loss of function, economic losses and especially loss of life and injury. The nonstructural components of building such as parapet, roof, chimney, eave, canopy and windows are considered as risk factors that may cause injuries during earthquake. In this study, nonstructural building components that may occur possibility of injury are discussed and brought forward proposals for pedestrianised streets safety located in Cezayir Street, Istanbul. The main factors affecting the choice of Cezayir Street are; its close location to the most important cultural center of Istanbul; Istiklal Avenue, being a renovated area and the intensive street usage. The nonstructural building components of historical building in the Cezayir Street were evaluated using data obtained on-site observation of building façade as parapets, ornaments, eaves, chimneys, windows and canopies. According to the research result, it can be said that the façade glazing which is located at mostly additional flats on the buildings may lead to risk during earthquake.
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Cosgun, Cumhur, and Atakan Mangir. "Earthquake performance of collapsed school building under Van-Tabanli (Mw=7.2) earthquake." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2018.04.004.
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A majority of the present building stock of Turkey is under seismic risk. It is believed that a significant proportion of the existing structures will either collapse or will get heavily damaged during a possible strong earthquake. With this respect, as an initial stage in the betterment of the structurally deficient building stock, assessment of existing buildings is of vital importance. From this viewpoint, in this study, earthquake performance of a collapsed school building was investigated through numerical performance analysis based on codified rules. At the end of 2011, numerous ground motions of various intensities have been registered in city of Van in eastern Turkey starting from 23 October 2011. Two major earthquakes were experienced at the Tabanli and Edremit district of Van. The moment magnitudes of these earthquakes were announced as 7.2 and 5.6, respectively. The investigated school building in this study was located in the city of Van and collapsed after first major earthquake (Mw=7.2). Structural details of the load-bearing members of the investigated building including as-built drawings and specified material properties were obtained. Based on obtained data, a numerical model was created to simulate the behavior of the building under code specified earthquake effects. Earthquake performance assessment of the structure was carried based on the recommendations given in the related chapter of the Turkish Seismic Code. Pushover analyses were performed and expected member by member damage levels and overall structural damage were determined in accordance with Turkish Seismic Code. The results are discussed to enlighten the actual cause of the collapse.
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Cosgun, Cumhur, and Atakan Mangir. "Earthquake performance of collapsed school building under Van-Tabanli (Mw=7.2) earthquake." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2018.04.004.
Full textAbstract:
A majority of the present building stock of Turkey is under seismic risk. It is believed that a significant proportion of the existing structures will either collapse or will get heavily damaged during a possible strong earthquake. With this respect, as an initial stage in the betterment of the structurally deficient building stock, assessment of existing buildings is of vital importance. From this viewpoint, in this study, earthquake performance of a collapsed school building was investigated through numerical performance analysis based on codified rules. At the end of 2011, numerous ground motions of various intensities have been registered in city of Van in eastern Turkey starting from 23 October 2011. Two major earthquakes were experienced at the Tabanli and Edremit district of Van. The moment magnitudes of these earthquakes were announced as 7.2 and 5.6, respectively. The investigated school building in this study was located in the city of Van and collapsed after first major earthquake (Mw=7.2). Structural details of the load-bearing members of the investigated building including as-built drawings and specified material properties were obtained. Based on obtained data, a numerical model was created to simulate the behavior of the building under code specified earthquake effects. Earthquake performance assessment of the structure was carried based on the recommendations given in the related chapter of the Turkish Seismic Code. Pushover analyses were performed and expected member by member damage levels and overall structural damage were determined in accordance with Turkish Seismic Code. The results are discussed to enlighten the actual cause of the collapse.
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ARYA, Anand S. "Non-engineered construction in developing countries." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.33.3.187-208.
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The paper first discusses some issues in regard to earthquake risk reduction of Non-engineered buildings, such as: Earthquake risk in developing countries and its management, the IDNDR - Yokoyama message emphasising on pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness, earthquake damage reduction initiatives taken such as preparation of building codes and guidelines and disaster mitigation for sustainable development. Then, the major causes of severe damage observed in non-engineered buildings in the past earthquakes are presently briefly and critical elements to be incorporated in new constructions are highlighted. Methodology for seismic retrofitting of stone houses developed, implemented and verified by the author in the field is introduced. Next, costs and benefits of earthquake prevention measures are indicated. Finally a practically feasible and economically viable scheme of earthquake resistant new building construction and seismic-retrofitting of existing unsafe buildings is outlined.
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Abduljaleel, Zina A., Bahman Omer Taha, and Abdulhameed Abdullah Yaseen. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Rizgary Hospital Building In Erbil City, the Capital City of KR of Iraq." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.08.05.
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Collapsing building structures during recent earthquakes, especially in Northern and Eastern Kurdistan, including the 2003 earthquake in Cewlig; the 2011 earthquake in Van; and the 2017 earthquake near Halabja province, has raised several concerns about the safety of pre-seismic code buildings and emergency facilities in Erbil city. The seismic vulnerability assessment of the hospital buildings as emergency facilities is one of the necessities which have a critical role in the recovery period following earthquakes. This research aims to study in detail and to extend the present knowledge about the seismic vulnerability of the Rizgary public hospital building in Erbil city, which was constructed before releasing the seismic provisions in the region. ETABS software is employed to conduct Eigenvalue analyses, nonlinear static analyses, and about 120 incremental dynamic analyses; furthermore, the actual response of the hospital building is evaluated by considering possible irregularities in both directions and the effect of seismic pounding. The outcomes of the research indicate that the hospital building is in poor performance under anticipated earthquakes. In addition, the existing combination of irregularities and seismic pounding in the model increases the vulnerability under the seismic load. A suitable strengthening strategy is also recommended.
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Welch, David P., Timothy J. Sullivan, and Andre Filiatrault. "Potential of Building Information Modelling for seismic risk mitigation in buildings." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.47.4.253-263.
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The seismic assessment of an existing building is often required, possibly due to a change in use, changes in legislation (as recently occurred in New Zealand), for insurance purposes or to permit continued occupancy following a major earthquake. This discussion paper explores three ways in which Building Information Modelling (BIM) could assist in the assessment and mitigation of seismic risk: (i) BIM could provide valuable data on characteristics of both structural and non-structural elements within a building to permit a reliable and holistic seismic risk assessment to be undertaken; (ii) administer a self-diagnosis process utilising damage information received from structural health monitoring technologies prior to and following an earthquake, thus reducing the need for potentially dangerous and time-consuming physical post-earthquake inspections; and (iii) enabling realisation of an emergency management hub within a building management system for implementing control processes to monitor and eventually shutdown damaged mechanical services (e.g. gas pipes) following an earthquake, thus limiting the negative consequences of earthquake induced damage. By providing a leading-edge discussion of these three subjects, with reference to building damage observed in previous earthquakes, important directions for research in BIM are identified that promise to provide a more effective means of seismic risk assessment and mitigation.
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BALENDRA, T., Z. J. LI, K. H. TAN, and C. G. KOH. "VULNERABILITY OF BUILDINGS TO LONG DISTANCE EARTHQUAKES FROM SUMATRA." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 01, no. 01 (March 2007): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431107000055.
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This study focuses on seismic vulnerability of shear wall – frame buildings in Singapore when they are subjected to far field effects of earthquakes in Sumatra. For this purpose, the demand curve was obtained based on the accelerograms of bedrock motions due to the worst earthquake scenario in Sumatra, and soil profiles of the selected sites. The recent two strong earthquakes in Sumatra were considered when the design earthquake was identified. On the other hand, the capacity curve was determined by a reliable and elegant analytical model validated by experimental results. By comparing the demand curve and capacity curve, seismic vulnerability of buildings is evaluated through a case study of a 25 story shear wall-frame building, representing the typical high rise building in Singapore. The case study reveals that high rise buildings in Singapore may suffer damages due to the worst earthquake scenario.
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Yalcin, G. "LAND SURVEYING STUDIES IN BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SMART CITIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-4/W3-2020 (November 23, 2020): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w3-2020-427-2020.
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Abstract. “Earthquakes” may cause dangerous results for people, which can damage buildings and hurt people, and may even cause death. Turkey lays down in a highly earthquake-prone region. Earthquakes are unpredictable and uncontrollable natural events; however, the people have to find ways to reduce these damages on people. One of the ways is to build “earthquake-resistant buildings”. It is also one of the main necessities to build smart city under the focus of housing quality, quality of life. In this paper Building Control System in Turkey is presented in the frame of the legal basis in a general view. Also surveying documents related to building control system are introduced because land surveying studies are compulsory-preliminary works before building construction.
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Lai, Junyan, Lu Ding, Yuan Zhang, Weimin Wu, Haruo Hayashi, Reo Kimura, Masafumi Hosokawa, and Yukihisa Sakurada. "Development of NERSS Training Program for Earthquake Emergency Response Capacity Building of Local Governments." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0263.
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Responses to medium-magnitude earthquakes are as significant as to catastrophic earthquakes, because medium-magnitude temblors occur as many as a dozen times more than catastrophic earthquakes – at least from the year 1900. In China, local governments are obligated to protect residents against earthquakes that have a magnitude of <bm>Ms</bm>$6.0. The ways in which local governments perform these obligations differ, however, due to obstacles such as inadequate disaster planning, a lack of public earthquake awareness, and a shortage of qualified emergency managers. When an earthquake hits, the hazards that residents are unaware of may arise concurrently, putting thousands lives and millions of acres of property in danger. In short, the response capacity of local governments is crucial to an earthquake’s aftermath. To enhance the capacity of local government response to earthquake emergencies, the National Earthquake Response Support Service (NERSS) of China started work on training programs years ago. With the cooperation with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Japanese scientists in the last five years, based on lessons learned from China’s historical earthquakes and disasters, the authors have created the prototype for an earthquake disaster management curriculum, which it has then been demonstrated and continuously improved. This paper reviews the prototype curriculum and its development methodology, presents demonstrative deliveries of the curriculum, and discusses training effectiveness and further improvements. Applying an international emergency management framework and related experience, focusing on local government capacity building, the demonstrative trainings have been proved to be beneficial to local government response activities and the latest amendment to earthquake preplanning in China. Future systematic tracking research of training effectiveness is proposed to keep curriculum updating and appropriate as times change.
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Didier, Max, Salome Baumberger, Roman Tobler, Simona Esposito, Siddhartha Ghosh, and Bozidar Stojadinovic. "Improving Post-Earthquake Building Safety Evaluation using the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Rapid Visual Damage Assessment Data." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 1_suppl (December 2017): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/112916eqs210m.
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A Rapid Visual Damage Assessment was initiated in the direct aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake to assess the safety and damage of residential buildings in the areas affected by the earthquake. Over 30,000 paper assessment forms have been subsequently digitized. The collected data set allows comparison of the observed damage to the residential building stock to the damage expected using existing fragility curves. Under certain conditions and respecting certain limitations, the post-earthquake building safety and damage data can be used to update the existing fragility functions for the Nepalese building stock. Recommendations are made for the improvement of post-earthquake building safety assessments in Nepal in order to: (1) make data collection more consistent, (2) increase the accuracy of the collected data, and (3) make more effective use of the collected data after future earthquakes.
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Ismail, Najif, Kieran McGrannachan, and Glen Hazelton. "Characterisation and seismic vulnerability assessment of unreinforced masonry buildings in Dunedin CBD." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 46, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.46.3.131-140.
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The need for Territorial Authorities (TA) to compile an earthquake-prone building register has been highlighted by the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission and with this in mind the following research was undertaken to enable the characterisation and assessment of potentially earthquake-prone historic unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings in Dunedin. To achieve the research goals, associated technical literature was reviewed and an earthquake-prone building register containing data on 226 URM buildings located in the Dunedin central business district (CBD) area was compiled. Additionally, structural performance of these buildings was also assessed using both the literature suggested initial evaluation procedure and the proposed risk based assessment method. It was estimated that 680 of the existing 750 Dunedin URM buildings are likely to be earthquake-prone and merit detailed assessment. It was also established that the earthquake risk in the city is primarily based on the fact that it has a significant number of URM buildings built prior to the introduction of building code, of which a large proportion is concentrated in the CBD. These not only pose a safety risk to their users but also to pedestrians on the adjacent footpaths.
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Majdi, Ali, and Radu Sorin Văcăreanu. "State of art regarding to quantify the consequences associated with building response to an earthquake shaking." E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 08010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198508010.
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Earthquake loss estimation (ELE) refers to the analysis and study of the possible effects of an earthquake in a region or population and quantifies the consequences of the earthquake. The objective of this study is to provide an insight into earthquake loss estimation for the most common approaches by seeking to survey the current methodologies for quantifying the earthquakes' negative effects. Naturally, peoples search about desirable approaches to estimate of earthquakes costs and losses which are not predetermined to subsist as usual. Other issues related to those approaches are endeavor to achieve the state of art to quantify the earthquakes consequences, the aspects of a building's response to earthquake. The aspects that will be characterized in this research are: 1) Input data like building information (Structure system, location, occupation, etc.), earthquake hazard; 2) Analysis methods; 3) Output data. ELE methods are categorized in different ways depending on one or more parameter. ELE approaches into two groups (1-a shocked building stock in a specific city or settlement, 2-specific building or structure). The varying and common use have been observed when selecting the approaches of this research. The methods and tools that used in the exploration include QLARM, SELENA, ELER, HAZUS, SLAT and FEMA P-58.
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Ghasemi, Mohammad, Sadra Karimzadeh, Masashi Matsuoka, and Bakhtiar Feizizadeh. "What Would Happen If the M 7.3 (1721) and M 7.4 (1780) Historical Earthquakes of Tabriz City (NW Iran) Occurred Again in 2021?" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100657.
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Tabriz is located in the northwest of Iran. Two huge earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.4 and 7.3 occurred there in 1780 and 1721. These earthquakes caused considerable damage and casualties in Tabriz. Using the method of scenario building, we aim to investigate what would happen if such earthquakes occurred in 2021. This scenario building was carried out using deterministic and GIS-oriented techniques to find the levels of damage and casualties that would occur. This procedure included two steps. In the first step, a database of factors affecting the destructive power of earthquakes was prepared. In the next step, hierarchical analysis was used to weigh the data, and then the weighted data were combined with an earthquake intensity map. The obtained results were used to predict the earthquake intensity in Tabriz. According to our results, the earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 that occurred in 1721 caused huge destruction in the north of Tabriz, as this earthquake occurred inside the site. However, this earthquake caused minimal damage to the south of the city owing to the geological situation of this area of Tabriz. The earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 that occurred in 1780 caused less damage because of its distance from the site. In the third step of this analysis, the vulnerability of buildings and the population were examined. According to the estimates, District 4 would experience the highest damage rate in the earthquake of 1721, with 15,477 buildings destroyed, while this area would have a lower damage rate in the earthquake that occurred in 1780. The total casualties in Tabriz would number 152,092 and 505 people in the earthquakes of 1721 and 1780, respectively.
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Xu, Zizhen, and Zirui Zhou. "Modeling and Analysis of the Entire Process of Building Seismic Loss Based on Probability Theory." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 52 (July 4, 2023): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v52i.9607.
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The objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between earthquakes and building losses and to attempt to develop an ideal model to analyze post-disaster building losses in Sichuan Province, China for economic analysis, seismic analysis, and risk prediction for post-disaster reconstruction. Based on existing theories, this paper follows the assumptions and theories of Poisson distribution in time and exponential distribution in intensity level for random earthquakes, and validates the analysis using recent years of earthquake data from Hokkaido, Japan, and recent years of local earthquake data from Sichuan respectively; After calculating the probability of occurrence of earthquakes within Sichuan, the international earthquake classification scale and Chinese national norms are combined to determine the damage caused to buildings After calculating the probability of occurrence of earthquakes in Sichuan, the minimum seismic rating and probability of occurrence were determined by combining the international seismic classification scale and the Chinese national code; Finally, the final regional loss model was fitted and applied to an earthquake in a remote area of Sichuan.
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Irwansyah, Muhammad, Johannes Tarigan, and Zulfazly Putra. "The Structural Performance Analysis of Base-Isolated Hospital Buildings with Analysis Modal (Case Study: General Hospital in Labuhan Batu Utara Regency Area)." Simetrikal: Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2019): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jet.v1i2.736.
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The development of earthquake analysis towards structures is required to prevent damages and loss in buildings due to earthquakes. The base isolation system is a simple design approach for earthquake-resistant buildings to protect the structures and components from the risk of earthquake damages by using the concept of reducing earthquake forces. This research aims to analyze the performance of a general hospital building in Labura Regency area in order to know the safety of the building in terms of period, frequency, base shear force, displacement and earthquake force, used the base isolators and without the base isolators. The method used is response-spectrum dynamic analysis by ETABS v2016 program. From the calculation of structural analysis, the application of base isolation is able to build up the period of the structure, therefore, the maximum acceleration of earthquakes can be reduced at certain period. There is an average increase by 48.21% of the structural period compared to non-isolated base structure, and the frequency that occurs in structures using base isolators is smaller than without base isolators. The friction force obtained is smaller compared to the structures without dampers. Base-isolated building structures observed have bigger displacement than non-base isolated structures. The average rise of the building displacement is 27.14% at x and 2.74% at y directions. In base-isolated structures, earthquake forces are reduced averagely by 57.51% at x and 82.73% at y directions. The analysis of structural performance, General Hospital in Labura Regency is categorized to Immediate Occupancy (IO) in which the building structures are safe with no significant risk of fatalities due to structural failures, there are no any significant damages and the building can be used and functioned/operated again immediately.
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Park, R. "Improving the resistance of structures to earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2001): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.34.1.1-39.
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The past occurrence of earthquakes in New Zealand and the likelihood of a major earthquake in Christchurch are considered. The causes of damage by earthquakes are discussed and typical possible types of damage to building and bridge structures are described with reference to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The design of building and bridge structures for earthquake resistance by the ductile design approach is covered, including performance criteria, structural configuration, design seismic forces, mechanisms of post-elastic deformation, capacity design, detailing of reinforcement for ductility and control of deflections. Design using base isolation and mechanical energy dissipating devices is also outlined. The extensive use of precast concrete in buildings in New Zealand is described. Finally the seismic assessment and upgrading of old structures and the earthquake resistance of lifelines of communities (transportation, utilities and communications) are briefly considered.
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Matsuoka, Masashi, Shun Mito, Saburoh Midorikawa, Hiroyuki Miura, Luis G. Quiroz, Yoshihisa Maruyama, and Miguel Estrada. "Development of Building Inventory Data and Earthquake Damage Estimation in Lima, Peru for Future Earthquakes." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 1032–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p1032.
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Even though detailed building inventory data are necessary for estimating earthquake damage reliably, most developing countries do not have sufficient data for such estimations. This necessitates a way for finding building distribution and feature easily. In this study for estimating the number of households in all building categories of different structures or floor numbers in Lima, Peru, where a great earthquake is expected, we propose an estimation method based on existing GIS data from a census, satellite imagery, and building data from field surveys, and apply it to estimate the entire area of Lima for create building inventory data. Building fragility functions were used to calculate a severe damage ratio of buildings due to the expected earthquake. The rate was multiplied by created building inventory data to estimate the number of households in damaged buildings. Furthermore we clarified damage reduction by retrofitting for low earthquake-resistant buildings.
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Xia, Wenjie. "Electrochemical Seismic Design and Artificial Intelligence System Modeling of High-Rise Steel Structure Buildings." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (June 13, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8693110.
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This study aims to improve the mechanical earthquake-resistance ability of high-rise buildings’ steel structures so that their safety performance is improved and their service life is prolonged. The simulation experiments on the response of the staggered truss steel structure are conducted in high-rise buildings to earthquake energy waves. First, MATLAB is used to build an experimental platform for earthquake-resistance evaluation of high-rise residential buildings. Through the high-rise building model training, it is found that the model meets the needs of the study. Second, the earthquake-resistance performance parameters, deformation recovery capacity, and dynamic response speed of the staggered truss steel structure are simulated and tested. After earthquake energy waves with different intensities are posed on the high-rise building model, the performance parameters of the staggered truss structure are tested, and the changes in the parameters of the structure are analyzed. Finally, the earthquake-resistance performance and post-earthquake recovery ability of the staggered truss structure are tested through comparative analysis. The results show that the interlayer displacement fluctuation of the staggered truss steel structure is the smallest, and the earthquake resistance performance is better than others under the energy waves of all kinds of earthquakes. Although its earthquake-resistance ability decreases with the duration of earthquakes, the reduction speed is slow. When the quake lasts 12 s, the resistance of the staggered truss structure is still greater than 2500 MPa. This study provides a reference for the staggered truss structure of high-rise buildings.
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Giordano, Nicola, Khalid M. Mosalam, and Selim Günay. "Probabilistic performance-based seismic assessment of an existing masonry building." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019878191.
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Existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings represent a significant part of the constructed facilities. Unfortunately, in case of seismic actions, their structural behavior is negatively affected by the low capacity of masonry components to withstand lateral forces. For this reason, in the past decades, URM buildings have been responsible for fatalities and large economic losses even in the case of moderate earthquakes. This article presents the seismic loss assessment of an old masonry building damaged during the 2014 South Napa earthquake using the framework of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center’s Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. For this purpose, the performance is expressed in terms of expected monetary loss curves for different hazard scenarios. Structural and non-structural losses are considered in the analysis using a practical, yet accurate, structural idealization of the URM building, which is validated by the observed damage from the 2014 South Napa earthquake.
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Isdyanto, Andi, and Syukuriah Syukuriah. "Load Analysis on LPMP Makassar Buildings By Using Static and Dynamic." Kresna Social Science and Humanities Research 2 (February 14, 2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/ksshr.55.
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Indonesian territory which consists of several islands, both large and large and small, is an area that has a level of vulnerability. In this case heard and witnessed through the media various events from natural phenomena, namely earthquakes in recent years that hit several regions in Indonesia. The potential for natural phenomena to occur is very large because the position of the Indonesian archipelago is at the confluence of the Australian plate, the Pacific plate, and the Eurasian plate. This condition causes the need to comply with the principles of planning and implementing an earthquake resistant system in every building structure to be built in the territory of Indonesia, especially for areas that have a moderate to high level of earthquake risk or vulnerability. Research on the main structure of the LPMP office building with 8 floors aims to determine the behavior of the structure in response to static earthquake loads and dynamic earthquake loads.
The method suitable for building design involving earthquake loads in the calculation is the equivalent static. This method is only intended for regular horizontal and vertical SNI 1726(2012)buildings. One of the characteristics of a regular bulding is that the building’s height is less than 40 meters and 10 levels as seen from the building pedestal so that the building tends to be rigid and the building is low. Along with the development of the times, many software that can be used to facilitate an earthquake resistant building design in Indonesia have been revised to SNI-1726(2012).
In earthquake SNI 03-1726-2012 article 7.1.3 it is stated that : the final value of the dynamic response of the building structure to the nominal earthquake loading due to the effect of a planned earthquake in a certain direction, should not be taken less than 85 % of the value of the first variety response. If the dynamic response of the building structure is expressed in nominal basic shear force V, where the value of the oh the nominal base shear for each static earthquake in the x direction is 0.867622 and the y direction is 0.975368 where the bigger the dynamic earthquake in the x direction is 3425.624 and the y direction amounting to 3550.92 so that the structural seismicity review shows the result that meet the seismic requirements stipulated in the SNI, starting from the building period, the mass participation ratio, the basic shear force of structural deviations.