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Zhang, Y. Miles, Michael W. Gates, and Joseph D. Shorthouse. "Testing species limits of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) associated with galls induced by Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Canada using an integrative approach." Canadian Entomologist 146, no. 3 (November 21, 2013): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.70.
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AbstractStudies of insect host-parasitoid relationships are often confounded by the difficulties associated with species delimitation in taxonomically challenging groups. Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) are common parasitoids associated with galls induced by Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) and are difficult to identify due to their small size, morphological conservatism, and unreliable published host records. This study tests the species limits of eurytomids associated with galls induced by Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Canada using an integrative taxonomy approach including adult morphology, the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I, host records, and geographical range. Incongruences between morphological and molecular data were found within the Eurytoma discordans Bugbee complex, as Eurytoma discordans, Eurytoma acuta Bugbee, and Eurytoma calcarea Bugbee were shown to be new synonyms. The results also revealed the presence of cryptic species within Eurytoma spongiosa Bugbee. Furthermore, issues that have impeded ecological and biological studies of eurytomids associated with rose galls such as host specificity and sex association were resolved using DNA barcodes, providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this difficult group.
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Grant, Colin. "Homage to Henry Bugbee." Call to Earth 3, no. 1 (2002): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/call2002313.
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Conway, Daniel W. "The Wilderness of Henry Bugbee." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 17, no. 4 (2003): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2003.0051.
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Hatley, James. "Henry Bugbee, Wilderness, and the Omnirelevance of the Ten-Thousand Things." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 43, no. 3-4 (March 3, 2016): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-0430304011.
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In his philosophical journal The Inward Morning, Henry Bugbee appeals to the Daodejing to derive principles, particularly that of ziran, of “self-soing,” by which one is guided in thinking heedfully. In this way, one is called reflexively into responsibility for and by things in what Bugbee terms their “density” and “omnirelevance.” Through Bugbee’s unique notion of wilderness as “emergent togetherness,” the periodicity and fluency cultivated in ecological contemplation refines the practice of natural history, such that it is attuned to the manner in which one is called to be at home and so ecologically responsive among the ten-thousand things.
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Allard. "Bugbee on the Ground of Unconditional Affirmation." Pluralist 6, no. 2 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/pluralist.6.2.0035.
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Maizlin, Ilan Igor, Jerry S. Chen, Nicholas James Smith, and David A. Rogers. "Closure of a Traumatic Esophagomediastinal Fistula in a Child by Endoscopic Fulguration and Fibrin Injection." American Surgeon 82, no. 9 (September 2016): 789–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608200938.
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Posttraumatic esophagomediastinal fistula is an uncommon clinical entity that warrants surgical awareness due to its life-threatening potential. Its management, especially in previously operated field, is controversial and several endoscopic methods are being proposed as alternatives. Ours is the first report of endoscopic fulguration and fibrin injection in successful closure of such fistula. A 9-year-old female sustained complete tracheoesophageal transection from a gunshot wound to the neck and underwent immediate primary repair. She presented nine months later with fevers and swelling over anterior neck. CT revealed air tracking posteriorly to the dorsal neck and interiorly to the mediastinum. Considering difficulty of open surgical approach, endoscopic intervention was attempted. Posterior wall fistula was identified via microlaryngoscopy above the esophageal anastomosis. The fistula tract was de-epithelialized via a Bugbee fulgurating electrode and then sealed with fibrin glue. Consequent imaging studies demonstrated complete occlusion of the fistula. Posterior posttraumatic esophagomediastinal fistula presents a challenging scenario from a surgical standpoint, as it combines difficulty of safe approach, high rate of injury to surrounding structures, and significant postoperative recurrence rate. Endoscopic Bugbee fulguration and fibrin glue injection are a safe and effective alternative to the traditional approach.
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Mooney, Edward F. "Two Testimonies in American Philosophy: Stanley Cavell, Henry Bugbee." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 17, no. 2 (2003): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2003.0036.
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MacEwen, Jamie M., Nathan G. Earley, and Robert G. Lalonde. "How much does the host matter to the parasitoid? Distribution of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) species amongst two locally co-occurring gall-inducing hosts in the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)." Canadian Entomologist 152, no. 6 (September 28, 2020): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.55.
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AbstractGall wasps in the cynipid genus Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) attack various species of native and introduced roses in Canada. Although gall forms are diverse, gall wasps are parasitised by highly concordant complexes of parasitoids and inquilines. Many species of gall wasps attack the same host plants and develop over the same periods in the season, suggesting that opportunistic parasitoids may be exploiting a range of hosts rather than specialising. We sampled larvae of Eurytoma Illiger (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from galls of D. variabilis (Bassett) and D. rosaefolii (Cockerell), gall inducers that develop fairly synchronously late in the growing season on leaves of Rosa woodsii Lindl. (Rosaceae) in the Okanagan Valley of central British Columbia, Canada. Galls were sampled at five different sites along a gradient from the north end of the valley to the Canada–United States border, a distance of 100 km. We extracted DNA, then amplified and sequenced the cytochrome b segment for each Eurytoma larva. We identified two well-supported clades that were differentiated by neither sampling location nor host. Instead, at least two species of Eurytoma, E. imminuta Bugbee and E. longavena Bugbee, exist at these localities, and both exploit at least two of the Diplolepis hosts found at these sites.
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Wu, Haoming, Yang Wang, Lei Dong, Haiyan Hu, Lu Meng, Huimin Liu, Nan Zheng, and Jiaqi Wang. "Microbial Characteristics and Safety of Dairy Manure ComPosting for Reuse as Dairy Bedding." Biology 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10010013.
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Changes in bacterial community, phenotype, metabolic function, and pathogenic bacteria content in recycled manure solids (RMS) were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, Bugbase, picrost2, and qPCR, respectively. The data from RMS bedding were compared to those of sand bedding and rice husk bedding. The results show that the proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria among the manure flora of RMS after dry and wet separation, after composting, and after sun-cure storage was 74.00%, 26.03%, and 49.067%, respectively. Compared to RMS bedding, the proportion of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in sand bedding and rice husk bedding was higher. The picrust2 analyses show that the level of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis changed significantly during RMS processing. In addition, the qPCR results show that composting could effectively reduce the detection and quantification of pathogens, except Streptococcus uberis, in RMS bedding. In general, composting is an essential step to improve the safety of bedding materials in the process of fecal treatment. However, at the same time, RMS bedding may increase the risk of mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis.
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Kuo, Jimmy, Daniel Liu, and Chorng-Horng Lin. "Functional Prediction of Microbial Communities in Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells." Bioengineering 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020199.
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Sediment microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were developed in which the complex substrates present in the sediment could be oxidized by microbes for electron production. In this study, the functional prediction of microbial communities of anode-associated soils in sediment MFCs was investigated based on 16S rRNA genes. Four computational approaches, including BugBase, Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX), the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2), and Tax4Fun2, were applied. A total of 67, 9, 37, and 38 functional features were statistically significant. Among these functional groups, the function related to the generation of precursor metabolites and energy was the only one included in all four computational methods, and the sum total of the proportion was 93.54%. The metabolism of cofactor, carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis was included in the three methods, and the sum total of the proportion was 29.94%. The results suggested that the microbial communities usually contribute to energy metabolism, or the metabolism of cofactor, carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis might reveal the functional status in the anode of sediment MFCs.
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Andrews, Thomas M., Charles M. Myer, and Robin T. Cotton. "Alternative Management for Laryngeal and Tracheobronchial Lesions: The Bugbee Electrode." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 103, no. 5 (November 1990): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989010300532.
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Richardson, Matthew A., Tyler W. Winford, Byron K. Norris, and J. Mark Reed. "Management of Pediatric Subglottic Cysts Using the Bugbee Fulgurating Electrode." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 140, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2013.6122.
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Hatley, James. "Henry Bugbee, Wilderness, and the Omnirelevance of the Ten-Thousand Things." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 43, no. 3-4 (September 2016): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6253.12258.
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Rodick. "Finding One’s Own Voice: The Philosophical Development of Henry G. Bugbee, Jr." Pluralist 6, no. 2 (2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/pluralist.6.2.0018.
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Klassen, Norm. "God's Patients: Chaucer, Agency, and the Nature of Laws by John Bugbee." Religion & Literature 52, no. 2 (2020): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rel.2020.0011.
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Lynch, Kathryn L. "God's Patients: Chaucer, Agency, and the Nature of Laws by John Bugbee." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 41, no. 1 (2019): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.2019.0015.
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Smith, Laura. "Henry Bugbee, edited by David W. Rodick, Wilderness in America: Philosophical Writings." Environmental Values 27, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 711–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327118x15343388356400.
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Tyler, Ron. "Making a Hand: The Art of H. D. Bugbee by Michael R. Grauer." Southwestern Historical Quarterly 124, no. 1 (2020): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/swh.2020.0061.
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Xue, Yiming, Li Li, Shuanglin Dong, Qinfeng Gao, and Xiangli Tian. "The Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Production Environment and Breeding Parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei." Water 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243584.
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This study investigated the effect of different carbon sources on water quality, ammonia removal pathways, the bacterial community, and the production of Litopenaeus vannamei in outdoor culture tanks. Three systems were established: a clear water system (CW) and biofloc technology (BFT) systems with added molasses (M-BF) or poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydrovaleric acid) (PHBV) (P-BF). The average pH, total alkalinity, total organic carbon, biofloc volume, chlorophyll a, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, and nitrification rate were significantly different among the treatments. Microbial composition varied and different dominant taxa were identified in the treatments by linear discriminant analysis effect size. Redundancy analysis indicated that the water quality parameters affected the distribution of the microbial community. Moreover, the genus Leucothrix was closely related to the M-BF treatment. Chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were the most abundant functions in all treatments. A comparison of functions using BugBase indicated that the relative abundance of several functions such as biofilm formation, stress tolerance and functions related to anaerobic processes increased in the M-BF treatment. The specific growth rate, growth rate, and survival rate of shrimp were significantly higher in the P-BF system than in the CW system and the feed conversion ratio in the BFT treatments was significantly lower than that in the CW system. Overall, adding carbon sources affected water quality, microbial community, and shrimp performance. The results show that PHBV is a good alternative to carbon sources.
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Li, Junwei, Suwen Chen, Peng Wu, Changbo Zhu, Ruiping Hu, Ting Li, and Yongjian Guo. "Insights into the Relationship between Intestinal Microbiota of the Aquaculture Worm Sipunculus nudus and Surrounding Sediments." Fishes 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010032.
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Sipunculus nudus is an important intertidal aquaculture species that can ingest organic matter from the surface sediment and shows a high transportation capacity in sediment. However, little is known about the influence of intertidal aquaculture species on the sediment microbial community and the exchange of microbiota between the intestine and the surrounding sediment. In this study, the microbial communities in the intestine of S. nudus and three kinds of surrounding sediments were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon, and the relationships between different communities were examined. Principal coordinate analysis and ANOSIM/Adonis analysis showed that the microbial communities of worm intestine samples were significantly different from those of surrounding sediments (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the sediment samples, the microbial α-diversity was significantly lower in the intestinal samples. Although the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were high in all samples, three phyla (Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Latescibacteria) showed a great difference between the four groups, as the abundances of the three phyla were significantly lower in the intestinal samples. Moreover, several microbial interactions were found between the worm intestine and surrounding sediments. BugBase functional prediction analysis indicated that the oxygen status of the sediment and the intestine was changed by bioturbation by the worm. Therefore, the microenvironment and microbial community in sediment were affected by the activity of S. nudus in the intertidal aquaculture zone.
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McCravy, Kenneth W., and C. Wayne Berisford. "Parasifoids of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Coastal Plain of Georgia." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.3.220.
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Parasitism of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), was studied for four consecutive generations in the Georgia coastal plain by collecting tip moth-infested shoots and rearing adult moths and parasitoids. Nineteen species of parasitoids were collected. Based on numbers of emerging adults, the overall tip moth parasitism rate was 44.8%. Lixophaga mediocris Aid rich, Eurytoma pini Bugbee, and Hyssopus rhyacioniae Gahan were the most abundant parasitoids, accounting for 36.3%, 25.4%, and 11.7% of parasitism, respectively. Parasitism was highest in the summer, 1996, and spring, 1997, generations, and lowest in the 1996–97 overwintering generation. Emergence curves of L. mediocris and Hy. rhyacioniae overlapped that of R. frustrana considerably. Examination of unemerged tip moth pupae and parasitoid puparia indicated that E. pini was predominately hyperparasitic. The parasitoid complex in the coastal plain was different from that in the Georgia Piedmont Plateau and from other published reports of tip moth natural enemies.
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Hanak, Brian W., Emily F. Ross, Carolyn A. Harris, Samuel R. Browd, and William Shain. "Toward a better understanding of the cellular basis for cerebrospinal fluid shunt obstruction: report on the construction of a bank of explanted hydrocephalus devices." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 18, no. 2 (August 2016): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.peds15531.
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OBJECTIVE Shunt obstruction by cells and/or tissue is the most common cause of shunt failure. Ventricular catheter obstruction alone accounts for more than 50% of shunt failures in pediatric patients. The authors sought to systematically collect explanted ventricular catheters from the Seattle Children's Hospital with a focus on elucidating the cellular mechanisms underlying obstruction. METHODS In the operating room, explanted hardware was placed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Weekly, samples were transferred to buffer solution and stored at 4°C. After consent was obtained for their use, catheters were labeled using cell-specific markers for astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein), microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1), and choroid plexus (transthyretin) in conjunction with a nuclear stain (Hoechst). Catheters were mounted in custom polycarbonate imaging chambers. Three-dimensional, multispectral, spinning-disk confocal microscopy was used to image catheter cerebrospinal fluid–intake holes (10× objective, 499.2-μm-thick z-stack, 2.4-μm step size, Olympus IX81 inverted microscope with motorized stage and charge-coupled device camera). Values are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean and were compared using a 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test. Significance was defined at p < 0.05. RESULTS Thirty-six ventricular catheters have been imaged to date, resulting in the following observations: 1) Astrocytes and microglia are the dominant cell types bound directly to catheter surfaces; 2) cellular binding to catheters is ubiquitous even if no grossly visible tissue is apparent; and 3) immunohistochemical techniques are of limited utility when a catheter has been exposed to Bugbee wire electrocautery. Statistical analysis of 24 catheters was performed, after excluding 7 catheters exposed to Bugbee wire cautery, 3 that were poorly fixed, and 2 that demonstrated pronounced autofluorescence. This analysis revealed that catheters with a microglia-dominant cellular response tended to be implanted for shorter durations (24.7 ± 6.7 days) than those with an astrocyte-dominant response (1183 ± 642 days; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Ventricular catheter occlusion remains a significant source of shunt morbidity in the pediatric population, and given their ability to intimately associate with catheter surfaces, astrocytes and microglia appear to be critical to this pathophysiology. Microglia tend to be the dominant cell type on catheters implanted for less than 2 months, while astrocytes tend to be the most prevalent cell type on catheters implanted for longer time courses and are noted to serve as an interface for the secondary attachment of ependymal cells and choroid plexus.
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Huang, Rui, Ke He, Xiaopeng Duan, Jinfeng Xiao, Hanning Wang, and Guoan Xiang. "Changes of Intestinal Microflora in Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgical Resection and Chemotherapy." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (February 24, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1940846.
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Objective. The change of bacterial flora structure in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after treatment is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the change and function of intestinal microflora in CRC before and after treatment. Method. The 16S conserved region V3+V4 of intestinal flora obtained from CRC patients was sequenced and analyzed. Alpha and beta diversity indices were used to analyze the abundance and structure of gut flora. FAPROTAX, BugBase, and Tax4Fun software were used to analyze the species phenotypes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Ontology (KO) function pathways. Results. Total abundance and structure of species in CRC patients were significantly increased compared with healthy people (control group) ( P < 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference between CRC patients before and after treatment ( P > 0.05 ). There was significant difference in relative abundance of bacteria at different levels (phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species) between the CRC group with after operation (CRC_O group) and chemotherapy (CRC_C group) treatment, particularly Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Akkermansia, Fusicatenibacter, Tyzzerella_4, Megamonas, etc. in genus level. The KO function analysis showed that most of the bacteria with differences were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (Megamonas, Megasphaera, and Ruminococcus torques_group), protein digestion and absorption, renin-angiotensin system pathway (Akkermansia, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, and Eubacterium_nodatum_group genus), adipocytokine signaling pathway and peroxisome pathway (Tyzzerella_4, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group), and so on. Conclusion. The abundance of intestinal microflora in CRC patients was increased significantly contrasted to healthy people, and surgery and chemotherapy were hard to reduce this phenomenon. Megamonas was involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer. Surgery and drug treatment did not reduced lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis but increased the number of probiotic Akkermansia population and reduced the pathogenic bacteria Tyzzerella_4, participate in adipocytokine signaling pathway, and affect metabolism.
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Frank, Jeff. "Against technology-mediated personalized learning: resources from John William Miller and Henry Bugbee to support parental resistance." Ethics and Education 15, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2019.1700445.
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Leggo, Jonathan J., and Joseph D. Shorthouse. "Modification of galls of Diplolepis triforma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) by the parasitoids Eurytoma spongiosa (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Glyphomerus stigma (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)." Canadian Entomologist 138, no. 5 (October 2006): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n05-088.
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AbstractStem galls induced by the cynipid Diplolepis triforma Shorthouse and Ritchie are frequently inhabited by several species of parasitic chalcids and ichneumonids that consume inducers or other parasitoids. Two of these parasitoids, the eurytomid Eurytoma spongiosa Bugbee and the torymid Glyphomerus stigma (Fabr.), consume gall tissues after they have consumed their insect hosts and are considered entomophytophagous. Both are koinobiont ectoparasitoids. Eurytoma spongiosa oviposits within gall chambers and attacks larvae of the inducer throughout the summer season, from the early growth phase of the galls until the galls mature. If the inducer is killed by E. spongiosa in early summer, nutritive gall cells degenerate into vacuolate parenchyma and are consumed. If the inducer is killed later in the summer, when galls begin to mature, nutritive cells persist in the chambers for about 1 week before degenerating. Glyphomerus stigma kills and consumes inducer larvae when galls are maturing. New nutritive cells appear under the influence of G. stigma and are then consumed. The ability of entomophytophagous chalcids to promote the formation of gall cells provides insight into the derivation of the gall-inducing guild.
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Shah, Darshan H., Arvind P. Ganpule, Ravindra B. Sabnis, and Mahesh R. Desai. "Congenital duplication of the urethra with urethral diverticulum: a case report." F1000Research 3 (May 1, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.3848.1.
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Duplication of the urethra is a rare congenital anomaly. Urethral duplication with the presence of diverticulum is a rare combination and to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported. We report a case of a 16 month old male child with duplication of the urethra and diverticulum arising from the ventral urethra. We also cover the intricacies and challenges in the management of such a case.The opening of the narrowed accessory dorsal urethra at the verumontanum was cauterized and gradually the dorsal urethra became atrophied. The ventral urethral diverticulum was excised. This case is unique due to:The unusual presentation of swelling over the dorsum of the penis, together with duplication of the urethra with diverticulum.The use of cauterization as a treatment modality. Cauterization of the ventral urethra with a Bugbee electrode and diverticulectomy was performed. A glidewire helped in identifying the small opening of the dorsal urethra at the level of the verumontanum. The case also highlights the importance of endoscopic management of this clinical entity.
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Calisti, A., M. L. Perrotta, R. Coletta, C. Olivieri, V. Briganti, L. Oriolo, and R. Fabbri. "An all-endo Approach to Complete Ureteral Duplications Complicated by Ureterocele and/or Vesicoureteral Reflux: Feasibility, Limitations, and Results." International Journal of Pediatrics 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/103067.
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Purpose. Totally endoscopic management (all-endo) of patients with a duplicated renal system (DS) associated with severe vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) or obstructive ureterocele (UC) is an attractive alternative to traditional open procedures. The authors discuss feasibility and results of an all-endo approach on a consecutive series of patients.Methods. From 1999 to 2009, all patients with a complete DS associated with UC and/or VUR were proposed for primary all-endo approach. UC puncture was performed using a 3 Fr Bugbee electrode. Deflux (dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer) injection was administered for VUR. The need for secondary surgery was evaluated on followup.Results. Of the 62 patients recruited, 46 were treated using a primary all-endo approach and 16 patients received no treatment. Of the 46 treated patients with 56 affected renal units, 32 (97%) UCs collapsed following puncture and 29 (63%) VURs were resolved or downgraded. Secondary VUR occurred in 13 (39%) renal units. Secondary surgery was performed on 23 (41%) renal units.Conclusion. The all-endo approach for VUR in DS is an effective therapeutic option. UC collapse was achieved by puncture in most of the patients; secondary VUR was the main complication in a small group of extravesical UC.
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Cranshaw, Whitney, and Matthew Camper. "Management of Poplar Twiggall Fly on Nursery-grown Aspen." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-25.1.33.
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Abstract The poplar twiggall fly (PTGF), Hexomyza schineri (Giraud) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), makes smoothly rounded galls on current season twigs of aspen that persist and continue to expand into large swellings years after insect emergence. Early season observations noted that adults make feeding puncture wounds in foliage with their ovipositor that are good indicators of early season activity. Oviposition in twigs results in an observable swelling of tissues within days. However, full development of galls does not occur until approximately two months following oviposition. Adults typically were active for a period of about two to three weeks subsequent to bud break and its primary parasitoid, the eurytomid Eurytoma contractura Bugbee, was trapped at the end of the PTGF flight period. Efforts to prevent adult emergence by painting galls two weeks prior to adult emergence with either sealants (shellac, polyurethane) or insecticides (imidacloprid, abamectin) did not reduce adult emergence. Soil drench treatments of imidacloprid prior to and immediately following bud break significantly reduced PTGF gall production. High rates of thiamethoxam also provided suppression of galling. Foliar applications tested were ineffective in control of gall production by this insect.
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Cheney, Ann M., and Danielle Cravalho. "Students Voicing Collegiate Recovery." Journal of Recovery Science 1, no. 2 (September 22, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31886/jors.12.2018.16.
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Young adults increasingly enter college with substance use addiction. Some may achieve recovery before setting their foot on a college campus whereas others during their college years. These students often struggle to maintain sobriety as they act out their daily lives because they find themselves in abstinence-hostile environments (Bugbee et al., 2016; Harris et al., 2008). This presentation will discuss students’ collegiate recovery experiences and will report on a photovoice project documenting students’ recovery experience and recovery management and support needs. Photovoice is a participatory social action method that uses photography to answer research questions (Wang, 2006); a photovoice exhibit, involving a gallery of participants’ photographs and linked narrative text to explicate the photos’ meaning, disseminates the findings. The presentation will focus on the narratives of students in recovery and attendees will obtain an in-depth understanding of recovery students’ experiences of stigma, shame and isolation, and marginalized social positions, which are intimately tied to their addiction histories. Students in recovery represent an invisible student group that struggles to access resources and needed healthcare services. The photovoice method can act as a powerful tool to empower marginalized students to share their recovery experiences and articulate their needs; ultimately providing a vehicle for structural-level and systemic change.
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Srinivasa, Ravi N., Rajiv N. Srinivasa, Joseph J. Gemmete, and Jeffrey Forris Beecham Chick. "Bugbee flexible electrocautery facilitates choledochoscopic biopsy, fulguration, and debulking of a high grade intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct." Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 17, no. 2 (April 2018): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.02.007.
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Taylor, Jamie. "God’s Patients: Chaucer, Agency, and the Nature of Laws. John Bugbee. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2019. Pp. viii+477." Modern Philology 117, no. 4 (May 1, 2020): E231—E233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/708307.
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Ali, Sohaib, Tauseef Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim Afridi, Tabraiz Wali Shah, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Hanif Ur Rahman, Idris Khan, Muhammad Taimur Khan, and Ehsan Sayyed. "Surgical Outcomes of Third Ventriculostomy in Patients of Obstructive Hydrocephalus." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169391.
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Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricular system of the brain. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to find the surgical outcomes of third ventriculostomy in patients of obstructive hydrocephalus. Material and methods: The data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. There were 60 patients which were included in the study. A flexible endoscopic telecamera and a Bugbee electrocautery wire and monitor were used for the procedure. The main causes of hydrocephalus have been identified. history of meningitis, ventriculitis, or illness prior to the development of hydrocephalus; x-rays indicating separation or septa within the ventricles; or postoperative residue of hemosiderin or the presence of yellowish deposits were all taken into consideration of post infectious hydrocephalus. Results: There were 49 male and 11 female patients. The mean age of the patients was 39.38 ± 11.2 years. 27 (45%) patients had hydrocephalus due to tumors, 21 (35%) patients had aqueductal stenosis while 12 (20%) patients had benign cysts. Intraoperative bleeding occurred in 24 patients. ETV was successful in 54/60 – 90percent of the patients. A CSF leak was recognised in 09 patients. 07 patient developed a transient gaze palsy which had resolved when he came for his follow up visit on 10th post operative day. Practical implication: Use effective method for treatment of hydrocephalus in hospitals Conclusion: It is concluded that endoscopic third ventriculostomy, in general, is a very effective method of treatment for hydrocephalus. Keywords: Obstructive Hydrocephalus, ETV, Outcome, CSF, Brain, Ventricular
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Attfield, Robin. "Review of David W. Rodick (ed.), Wilderness in America: Philosophical Writings of Henry G. Bugbee, New York: Fordham University Press, 2017; ISBN: 978-0-8232-7536-6." Philosophy 94, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819119000068.
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Shahid, Shah Md Ahsan, Nawshad Ali, Sayed Sirajul Islam, Shantona Rani Pal, and Khondokar Seheli Nasrin Lina. "Management of Posterior Urethral Valves: An Outcome Analysis of Endoscopic Valve Fulguration." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 31, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v31i2.41603.
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Posterior urethral valves (PUV) constitute the most common infra-vesical urinary obstruction in boys. PUV are often accompanied by severe consequences to the lower and upper urinary tract (LUT, UUT). They also represent a major urological cause for pediatric renal transplantations. Surgical options for primary management invariably aim at abolition of valves. However, temporary urinary diversion may sometimes be a viable alternative, especially in critically ill patients or preterm infants. It was a retrospective, descriptive study which was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College from January 2018 to December 2018. All stable patients with the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves were included in the study. Endoscopic valve fulguration was performed in all diagnosed patients using bugbee electrode and an adequate sized cystoscope. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and the urinary bladder was drained with a suitable size Foley's or silicon catheter for 14days. Patients were discharged from the hospital 48-72 hours after the procedure on oral antibiotics and were advised to come to the outpatient department for follow up visits for a period of 6 months. A total of 84 patients were included in the study. All were males with a mean age of 6.5years ranging from 6 months to 12 years. Sixty five patients were without any diversion while 19 had vesicostomy or ureterostomy already done in our department or somewhere else. Stricture urethra was seen in 5 patients, incontinence of urine was seen in 7 patients, nocturnal enuresis in 15 patients and recurrent urinary tract infection in 19 patients. Chronic renal failure was seen in 4 patients while 16 patients lost the follow up.18 patients had an uneventful recovery. Urethral valve ablation is the definitive treatment of posterior urethral valves. Endoscopic urethral valve fulguration is safe, effective and definitive way of management for posterior urethral valves. Early treatment improves the quality of life and prevents the ongoing renal damage. Early presentation in fetal and neonatal life has worst prognosis due to associated renal dysplasia.
TAJ 2018; 31(2): 68-72
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Schrock, Chad D. "John Bugbee, God’s Patients: Chaucer, Agency, and the Nature of Laws. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2019. Pp. xxii, 477. $55. ISBN: 978-0-2681-0445-0." Speculum 96, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 786–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/715092.
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Deshmukh, V., S. Grogan, T. Seo, D. Bhat, W. Bugbee, D. D’lima, and Y. Yazici. "AB0070 LORECIVIVINT (SM04690), A POTENTIAL DISEASE-MODIFYING TREATMENT FOR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS, DEMONSTRATED CARTILAGE-PROTECTIVE EFFECTS ON HUMAN OSTEOARTHRITIC EXPLANTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1335.1–1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6346.
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Background:Wnt pathway upregulation contributes to knee osteoarthritis (OA) through osteocyte differentiation, cartilage thinning, and inflammation. Lorecivivint (LOR; SM04690), a novel, small-molecule CLK/DYRK1A inhibitor that modulates the Wnt pathway, demonstrated disease-modifying potential for knee OA in preclinical studies.1However, the specific mechanisms by which LOR protects cartilage in knee OA are unclear.Objectives:To evaluate the cartilage-protective effects of LOR on human OA explants from total knee replacement (TKR) donors.Methods:Knee joint tissue from 22 TKR donors was obtained. IRB approval was obtained from Scripps Health. Cartilage was scored using the Outerbridge classification system based on gross appearance (grade 1=least-damaged tissue, grade 4=most-damaged tissue). Cartilage explants (4 mm in diameter) with Outerbridge grades 2–3 were harvested and cultured for 48 hours to reach metabolic stability. They were then treated with LOR (10 nM, 30 nM) or DMSO and stimulated with either IL-1β (10 ng/ml) or TNF-α (20 ng/ml)+oncostatin M (OM) (10 ng/ml) or left unstimulated. After 72 hours, supernatants and explants were collected. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 3, and 13 was measured by qPCR and protein levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and thrombospondin-motif-containing disintegrins/metalloproteinases ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 were measured in supernatants by ELISA. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in supernatants using the dimethylmethylene blue assay and Griess assay, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons.Results:Treatment with IL-1β or TNF-α+OM led to statistically significant increases in gene expression ofMMP1,MMP3, andMMP13and increased secretion of GAG, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, and NO in supernatants compared to unstimulated control. Treatment with LOR decreased both IL-1β-stimulated and TNF-α+OM-stimulated gene expression ofMMP1,MMP3, andMMP13and secretion of GAG, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, and NO in supernatants compared to treatment with DMSO.Conclusion:LOR demonstrated potent inhibition of cartilage catabolism enzyme production in human OA explants compared to controls. These cartilage-protective effects support the development of LOR as a potential disease-modifying treatment for knee OA. Human trials are ongoing.References:[1]Deshmukh V, et al.Osteoarthr Cartil. 2019.Disclosure of Interests:Vishal Deshmukh Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Shawn Grogan: None declared, Tim Seo Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Deepti Bhat Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, William Bugbee: None declared, Darryl D’Lima: None declared, Yusuf Yazici Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, and Genentech, Consultant of: Celgene and Sanofi, Employee of: Samumed, LLC
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Mazikowski, Adam, and Mateusz Feldzensztajn. "Design and development of lamp of adjustable spectrum." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i1.1135.
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Nowadays artificial light is used in many areas of human life. Dedicated lighting allows to emphasize selected features of technical and biological objects, stimulates the growth of plants or enhances the attractiveness of products or artistic works. In this paper a developed low-cost lamp with an adjustable spectrum was presented. As light sources, several LEDs of both narrow-band and wide-band spectrum were selected. A multi-channel Raspberry PI was applied for LEDs driving and ensuring the user’s interface. To properly mix light from several different LEDs, a dedicated integration sphere was used, covered with paint based on barium sulfate. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.L. DiLaura, K.W. Houser, R.G. Mistrick, G.R. Steffy, The lighting handbook (Illuminating Engineering Society 2011). DirectLink CREE Inc, Cree® 2835 LEDs Product family datasheet, (accessed 19 February 2022). DirectLink F. Szabó, R. Kéri, J. Schanda, P. Csuti, E/ Mihálykó-Orbán, A study of preferred colour rendering of light sources: home lighting, Lighting Research and Technology (Epub ahead of print 2014). CrossRef M. Feldzensztajn, P. Wierzba, A. Mazikowski, "Examination of Spectral Properties of Medicinal Plant Leaves Grown in Different Lighting Conditions Based on Mint Cultivation", Sensors 21, 4122 (2021), CrossRef S. Barbut, "Effect of illumination source on the appearance of fresh meat cuts", Meat Science 59(2), 187 (2001), CrossRef A.J. Knulst, R. Mooijweer, F.W. Jansen, L.P. Stassen, J. Dankelman, "Indicating shortcomings in surgical lighting systems", Minim. Invasive Theor. Apllied Technol. 20(5), 267 (2011). CrossRef C.M. Browning, M. Parker, T.C. Rich, S.J. Leavesley, "Illuminating the optical properties of an LED-based spectral light source for hyperspectral endoscopy", Proc. SPIE 11636, 1163608 (2021) CrossRef H.C. Wang, Y.T. Chen, J.T. Lin, C.P. Chiang, F.H. Cheng, "Enhanced visualization of oral cavity for early inflamed tissue detection", Opt. Expr. 18 (11), 11800 (2010). CrossRef D.H. Larsen, E.J. Woltering, C.C.S. Nicole, L.M.F. Marcelis, "Response of Basil Growth and Morphology to Light Intensity and Spectrum in a Vertical Farm", Frontiers in Plant Science 11, 597906 (2020) CrossRef T. Cegielski, D. Bujalski, K. Kowalczyk, J. Gajc-Wolska, L. Hemka, Proc. Electrotechn. Inst. 63 (273), 79 (2016), CrossRef A. Mazikowski, M. Feldzensztajn, Proc. SPIE 10445, 10445OK (2017). CrossRef A. Llenas, J. Carreras, "Arbitrary spectral matching using multi-LED lighting systems", Opt. Eng. 58(3), 035105 (2019). CrossRef F.J. Burgos et al., "Image and Signal Processing", Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 8509, 115 (2014), CrossRef M. Feldzensztajn, A. Mazikowski, "Comparison of modelling and measurement results of spectra emitted by a programmable lamp", Photon. Lett. Poland 10(2), 42 (2018), CrossRef CIE, Publication No. 127, Measurement of LEDs (Central Bureau of the CIE, Vienna, Austria, 2007). DirectLink N. Kington, B. Bugbee, A Mixture of Barilium Sulfateand White Paint is a Low-Cost Substitute Reflectance Standard for Spectralon (Utah State University, 2005), DirectLink
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Dong, Wanyu, Guicai Du, Tingting Zhang, Hong Yang, Qunqun Guo, and Ronggui Li. "Bacterial Diversity and Pathogenicity of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) from Two Diff erent Sources." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 49, no. 2 (March 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2022.024.
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Pine wilt disease is a devastating disease of pine trees caused by a pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. We studied the bacteria carried by B. xylophilus from Fushan Mountain and Qingdao University Campus (F and Q samples) and the pathogenicity of the two PWN samples to explore the relationship between PWN companion bacteria and its pathogenicity. Based on metagenomic analysis, the distribution of the bacteria from the two samples was signifi cantly different. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria is the largest phylum in the two samples, 85 and 65% in F and Q samples, respectively. At the family level, Enterobacteriaceae and Rhizobiaceae were dominant in F sample with the total relative abundance of 55% while the two bacterial families only accounted for 15% in Q sample. Moreover, Burkholderiaceae was only detected in F sample. PICRUSt analysis based on KEGG database showed that the bacteria carried by B. xylophilus from F sample had stronger metabolic abilities. In addition, BugBase analysis predicted that the bacteria from F sample had stronger effect on pathogenicity and antioxidant stress. Furthermore, we tested the feeding ability and pathogenicity of F and Q samples, and found that the B. xylophilus of F sample had stronger feeding ability and pathogenicity, which was consistent with the results of PICRUSt analysis based on KEGG database and BugBase analysis. Our research indicated that the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus could be closely related to the vitality of its associated bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae, Rhizobiaceae and Burkholderiaceae belonging to Proteobacteria phylum were important pathogenicity-related bacterial families, which is valuable for the study on the pathogenesis of B. xylophilus.
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Zhu, Anchao, Yingying Liu, Zongmin Li, Ying He, Lijing Bai, Youtian Wu, Yuying Zhang, Ying Huang, and Ping Jiang. "Diagnosis and functional prediction of microbial markers in tumor tissues of sporadic colorectal cancer patients associated with the MLH1 protein phenotype." Frontiers in Oncology 12 (January 23, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1116780.
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ObjectiveMost patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) develop microsatellite instability because of defects in mismatch repair (MMR). Moreover, the gut microbiome plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of SCRC. In this study, we assessed the microbial composition and diversity of SCRC tumors with varying MutL protein homolog 1 (MLH1) status, and the effects of functional genes related to bacterial markers and clinical diagnostic prediction.MethodsThe tumor microbial diversity and composition were profiled using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V4 region. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) software and BugBase tool were used to predict the functional roles of the microbiome. We aimed to construct a high-accuracy model to detect and evaluate the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with candidate biomarkers.ResultsThe study included 23 patients with negative/defective MLH1 (DM group) and 22 patients with positive/intact MLH1 (IM group). Estimation of alpha diversity indices showed that the Shannon index (p = 0.049) was significantly higher in the DM group than in the controls, while the Simpson index (p = 0.025) was significantly lower. At the genus level, we observed a significant difference in beta diversity in the DM group versus the IM group. Moreover, the abundance of Lachnoclostridium spp. and Coprococcus spp. was significantly more enriched in the DM group than in the IM group (q < 0.01 vs. q < 0.001). When predicting metagenomes, there were 18 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and one BugBase function difference in both groups (all q < 0.05). On the basis of the model of diagnostic prediction, we built a simplified optimal model through stepwise selection, consisting of the top two bacterial candidate markers (area under the curve = 0.93).ConclusionIn conclusion, the genera Lachnoclostridium and Coprococcus as key species may be crucial biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostic prediction of DM in patients with SCRC in the future.
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Yan, Meng, Li Hou, Yaoyao Cai, Hanfei Wang, Yujun Ma, Qiming Geng, Weiwei Jiang, and Weibing Tang. "Effects of Intestinal FXR-Related Molecules on Intestinal Mucosal Barriers in Biliary Tract Obstruction." Frontiers in Pharmacology 13 (June 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.906452.
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Background: The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a key factor regulating hepatic bile acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Repression of bile acid synthesis by the FXR is a potential strategy for treating cholestatic liver disease. However, the role of intestinal FXR on the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota needs further investigation.Materials: Intestinal tissues were collected from patients with biliary atresia or without hepatobiliary disease. Then, intestinal mRNA levels of FXR-related molecules were determined. To investigate the effect of FXR activation, bile-duct-ligation rats were treated with obeticholic acid [OCA (5 mg/kg/day)] or vehicle (0.5% methyl cellulose) per oral gavage for 14 days. The mRNA levels of intestinal FXR, SHP, TNF-α, FGF15 and bile acid transporter levels were determined. In addition, the intestinal permeability, morphologic changes, and composition of the intestinal microbiota were evaluated. Gut Microbiome was determined by 16S rDNA MiSeq sequencing, and functional profiling of microbial communities was predicted with BugBase and PICRUSt2. Finally, the role of OCA in injured intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and proliferation was examined by pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Caco-2 cells.Results: The downstream of the FXR in ileum tissues was inhibited in biliary obstruction. Activation of the FXR signaling pathway by OCA significantly reduced liver fibrosis and intestinal inflammation, improved intestinal microbiota, and protected intestinal mucosa in BDL rats. OCA also altered the functional capacities of ileum microbiota in BDL rats. Significant differences existed between the controls and BDL rats, which were attenuated by OCA in the alpha diversity analysis. Principal coordinates analysis showed that microbial communities in BDL rats clustered separately from controls, and OCA treatment attenuated the distinction. Bugbase and PICRUSt2 analysis showed that OCA changed the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota and improved the metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria. Moreover, OCA reduced the apoptosis induced by LPS in Caco-2 cells.Conclusion: The FXR agonist, OCA, activates the intestinal FXR signaling pathway and improves the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier in BDL rats.
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Zhao, Xinxin, Fanshu Xiang, Fengxian Tang, Wenchao Cai, Zhuang Guo, Qiangchuan Hou, Xinquan Yang, Wen Song, and Chunhui Shan. "Bacterial Communities and Prediction of Microbial Metabolic Pathway in Rice Wine Koji From Different Regions in China." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (January 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.748779.
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Rice wine koji, a traditional homemade starter culture in China, is nutritious and delicious. The final quality of rice wine koji is closely related to the structure of its microbial community. However, the diversity of natural microorganisms in rice wine koji from different regions has not been evaluated. In this study, the microbial population of 92 naturally fermented rice koji samples collected from Hubei, Guangxi, and Sichuan was systematically analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. From all the rice wine koji samples, 22 phyla and 479 bacterial genera were identified. Weissella, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, Pantoea, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Leuconostoc were the dominant genera in rice wine koji. The bacterial community structure of rice wine koji samples from different regions was significantly different (p < 0.05). The bacterial community composition of the samples from Hubei and Guangxi was similar, but significantly different from that of SC samples (p < 0.05). These differences may be caused by variations in geography, environment, or manufacturing. In addition, the results of microbial phenotype prediction by BugBase and bacterial functional potential prediction by PICRUSt showed that eight of the nine predicted phenotypic functions of rice wine koji samples from different regions were significantly different (p < 0.05) and that vigorous bacterial metabolism occurred in rice wine koji samples.
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Ma, Li-Tian, Jing-Xuan Lian, Yang Bai, Meng-Juan Shang, Zhe-Zhe Zhang, Fei-Fei Wu, Jing Chen, et al. "Adeno-associated virus vector intraperitoneal injection induces colonic mucosa and submucosa transduction and alters the diversity and composition of the faecal microbiota in rats." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 12 (December 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1028380.
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BackgroundViral vector technology, especially recombinant adeno-associated virus vector (rAAV) technology, has shown great promise in preclinical research for clinical applications. Several studies have confirmed that rAAV can successfully transduce the enteric nervous system (ENS), and rAAV gene therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of the early childhood blindness disease Leber congenital amaurosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). However, until now, it has not been possible to determine the effect of AAV9 on intestinal microbiota. MethodsWe examined the efficiency of AAV9-mediated ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon transduction through intraperitoneal (IP) injection, performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analysed specific faecal microbial signatures following AAV9 IP injection via bioinformatics methods in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. ResultsOur results showed (1) efficient transduction of the mucosa and submucosa of the ascending, transverse, and descending colon following AAV9 IP injection; (2) a decreased alpha diversity and an altered overall microbial composition following AAV9 IP injection; (3) significant enrichments in a total of 5 phyla, 10 classes, 13 orders, 15 families, 29 genera, and 230 OTUs following AAV9 IP injection; and (4) AAV9 can significantly upregulate the relative abundance of anaerobic microbiota which is one of the seven high-level phenotypes that BugBase could predict.ConclusionIn summary, these data show that IP injection of AAV9 can successfully induce the transduction of the colonic mucosa and submucosa and alter the diversity and composition of the faecal microbiota in rats.
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Zhu, Qiliang, Kun Yan, Yufeng Dong, and Yanping Wang. "Rhizosphere bacterial communities and soil nutrient conditions reveal sexual dimorphism of Populus deltoides." Journal of Forestry Research, July 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-022-01517-x.
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AbstractSexual dimorphism of plants shapes the different morphology and physiology between males and females. However, it is still unclear whether it influences belowground ecological processes. In this study, rhizosphere soil of male and female Populus deltoides and bulk soil were collected from an 18-year plantation (male and female trees mix-planted) and grouped into three soil compartments. Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels were determined, and soil bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed the less total carbon and total organic carbon, the more nutrients (available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen) available in the rhizosphere soils of female poplars than soils of males. However, α-diversity indices of the rhizosphere bacterial communities under male plants were significantly higher. Principal component analysis showed that the bacterial communities were significantly different between the male and female soil compartments. Further, the bacterial co-occurrence network in soil under male trees had more nodes and edges than under females. BugBase analysis showed the more functional bacteria taxa related to biofilm formation and antioxidation under males. The results indicate that soils under male poplars had more diverse and more complex co-occurrence networks of the rhizosphere bacterial community than soils under female trees, implying that male poplars might have better environmental adaptability. The study provides insight into the different soil-microbe interactions of dioecious plants. More details about the influencing mechanism of sexual dimorphism on rhizosphere soil bacterial communities need to be further studied.
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Armstrong, Jacob, Justine K. Rudkin, Naomi Allen, Derrick W. Crook, Daniel J. Wilson, David H. Wyllie, and Anne Marie O’Connell. "Dynamic linkage of COVID-19 test results between Public Health England’s Second Generation Surveillance System and UK Biobank." Microbial Genomics 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000397.
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UK Biobank (UKB) is an international health resource enabling research into the genetic and lifestyle determinants of common diseases of middle and older age. It comprises 500 000 participants. Public Health England’s Second Generation Surveillance System is a centralized microbiology database covering English clinical diagnostics laboratories that provides national surveillance of legally notifiable infections, bacterial isolations and antimicrobial resistance. We previously developed secure, pseudonymized, individual-level linkage of these systems. In this study, we implemented rapid dynamic linkage, which allows us to provide a regular feed of new COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) test results to UKB to facilitate rapid and urgent research into the epidemiological and human genetic risk factors for severe infection in the cohort. Here, we have characterized the first 1352 cases of COVID-19 in UKB participants, of whom 895 met our working definition of severe COVID-19 as inpatients hospitalized on or after 16 March 2020. We found that the incidence of severe COVID-19 among UKB cases was 27.4 % lower than the general population in England, although this difference varied significantly by age and sex. The total number of UKB cases could be estimated as 0.6 % of the publicly announced number of cases in England. We considered how increasing case numbers will affect the power of genome-wide association studies. This new dynamic linkage system has further potential to facilitate the investigation of other infections and the prospective collection of microbiological cultures to create a microbiological biobank (bugbank) for studying the interaction of environment, human and microbial genetics on infection in the UKB cohort.
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Liu, Ying, Feifei Fang, Yilin Xiong, Jiandi Wu, Xueyan Li, Gangping Li, Tao Bai, Xiaohua Hou, and Jun Song. "Reprogrammed fecal and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota and weakened mucus layer in intestinal goblet cell- specific Piezo1-deficient mice." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 12 (November 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035386.
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Dysfunction of the mucus layer allows commensal and pathogenic microorganisms to reach the intestinal epithelium, thereby leading to infection and inflammation. This barrier is synthesized and secreted by host goblet cells. Many factors that influence the function of goblet cells (GCs) have been studied. However, how the microenvironment surrounding GCs influences the mucus layer and microbiota of the colon is unclear. To explore the effect of GC Piezo1 on the mucus layer and microbiota in the colon, we generated an intestinal epithelial Piezo1 conditional knockout mouse model. The fecal-associated microbiota (FAM) and mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) of the two groups were characterized based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results showed that GC Piezo1-/- mice developed decreased GC numbers, thinner mucus layer, and increased inflammatory cytokines (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6) on the 7th day. In addition, decreased Spdef and increased DOCK4 were discovered in KO mice. Meanwhile, the diversity and richness were increased in MAM and decreased in FAM in the GC Piezo1-/- group compared with the GC Piezo1+/+ group. We also observed increased abundances of Firmicutes and decreased abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Actinobacteriota in the MAM of the GC Piezo1-/- group. Additionally, BugBase predicts that potentially pathogenic bacteria may have increased in the inner mucus layer, which is consistent with the higher abundance of Helicobacter hepaticus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Escherichia-Shigella and Oscillospiraceae in MAM. These results further support the hypothesis that the role of Piezo1 in GCs is important for maintaining the function of the mucus layer and intestinal microbiota balance in the mouse colon.
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Lin, Baiqiang, Fuya Zhao, Yang Liu, Jiayu Sun, Jing Feng, Lei Zhao, Haoran Wang, et al. "Alterations in Oral Microbiota of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients With Xerostomia After Radioiodine Therapy." Frontiers in Endocrinology 13 (August 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.895970.
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Background and AimsOral xerostomia remains one of the most common complications of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients (DTC) after radioiodine therapy (RAI). Environmental factors in the etiology of xerostomia are largely unknown. We aimed to characterize the oral microbiota signatures and related biological functions associated with xerostomia and identify environmental factors affecting them.MethodsSaliva was collected from 30 DTC patients with xerostomia (XAs), 32 patients without xerostomia (indicated as non-XAs) following RAI after total thyroidectomy, and 40 healthy people (HCs) for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis.ResultsThe oral microbiota of XAs and non-XAs exhibited significant differences in α and β diversities and bacterial taxa. The abundance of porphyromonas, fusobacterium, and treponema_2 were significantly higher in XAs, while the abundance of the streptococcus was lower in the microbiota of non-XAs. Fusobacterium, and porphyromonas were negatively correlated with unstimulated/stimulated whole salivary secretion (USW)/(SWS), while fusobacterium, porphyromonas, and treponema_2 genera levels were positively associated with cumulative radioiodine dose. PICRUSt2 and BugBase suggested a significant difference in the expression of potentially_pathogenic, anaerobic, gram_negative, the arachidonic acid metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis between XAs and non-XAs, possibly interdependent on radioiodine-induced inflammation. NetShift analysis revealed that porphyromonas genus might play as a key driver during the process of xerostomia. Five genera effectively distinguished XAs from non-XAs (AUC = 0.87).ConclusionOur study suggests for the first time that DTC patients with xerostomia after RAI display microbiota profiles and associated functional changes that may promote a pro-inflammatory environment. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota may contribute to exacerbating the severity of xerostomia. Our results provide a research direction of the interaction mechanism between oral microbiota alteration and the progress of xerostomia.
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Ma, Nan, Yujing Qi, Xiaona Liang, Jing Bai, Jingmin Deng, Meihua Li, and Zhiyi He. "Compare the Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Systemic Corticosteroids on Sputum Microbiome of AECOPD." Frontiers in Medicine 8 (February 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.637246.
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Background: To observe the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and systemic corticosteroids (SCS) on the sputum microbiology of patients with AECOPD.Methods: The 16S rRNA sequencing results for sputum samples from 36 admitted AECOPD patients were analyzed using ICS or SCS on the basis of standard treatment; sputum samples were collected before and after treatment for 1 day, 7, and 14 days.Results: After 7 days of SCS treatment, the bacterial abundance of Sorangium, Acidibacter, and Fretibacterium decreased at the genus level. After 14 days of SCS treatment, the bacterial abundance of Prevotella_2, Bergeyella, Corynebacterium_1, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 was decreased at the genus level, and an increase in the bacterial abundance of the Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group was observed at the family level. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm showed that after treatment for 14 days, Sphingobacterium increased in the SCS group, and Corynebacterium_1 (genus level), Bacillales (order level), and Lactobacillales (order level) decreased in the ICS group. However, the abundance of the above bacteria in each group of samples was <1%, suggesting that the two treatments may have similar effects on bacterial abundance. Alpha diversity analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the ACE index, Chao1 index, Shannon index, or Simpson index between the ICS group and the SCS group. Beta diversity analysis showed that there was little difference in bacterial diversity among each group. BugBase predicted that although bacteria containing mobile elements in the SCS group decreased significantly compared with those in patients using ICS after treatment for 14 days, these two treatments had similar effects on other phenotype categories assigned to the bacterial contents.Conclusions: Our results show that ICS and SCS have remarkably similar effects on the sputum microbiome of AECOPD patients.
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Xu, Hengyong, Yuxiang Lu, Dan Li, Chaoyang Yan, Yuru Jiang, Zhi Hu, Zhipeng Zhang, et al. "Probiotic mediated intestinal microbiota and improved performance, egg quality and ovarian immune function of laying hens at different laying stage." Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (January 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1041072.
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In order to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum hormone levels, immunity, antioxidant, and gut microbiota of layers at different laying stages, a total of 168 Tianfu green shell laying hens (28-day-old) were randomly divided into 2 treatments: a non-supplemented control diet (NC), and diet supplemented with 10 g/kg of probiotics, respectively. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 14 hens per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 54 weeks. The results showed that the supplementation of probiotics significantly increased the average egg weight, improved egg quality (p < 0.05) and ovarian development. Meanwhile, probiotics increased the serum hormone levels of E2 and FSH, and antioxidant indices T-AOC and T-SOD (p < 0.05) of laying hens at different laying stages (p < 0.05), decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors including IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Furthermore, using 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed that the addition of probiotics increased the distribution of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Synergistota at early laying period. Meanwhile, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota and Deferribacterota showed an increasing trend at the peak of egg production. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Desulfobacterota and Actinobacteriota were significantly increased at the late laying period. Moreover, PICRUSt2 and BugBase analysis revealed that at the late laying period, the probiotics supplementation not only enriched many significant gene clusters of the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketide, genetic information processing, enzyme families, translation, transcription, replication and repair, and nucleotide metabolism, but also decreased the proportion of potential pathogenic bacteria. To sum up, these data show that the addition of probiotics not only improves the performance, egg quality, ovarian development and immune function of laying hens at different laying period, but also improves the gut microbiota of layers, thus enhances production efficiency.
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Liang, Z., C. B. Dong, H. Liang, Y. X. Zhen, R. L. Zhou, Y. F. Han, and Z. Q. Liang. "A microbiome study reveals the potential relationship between the bacterial diversity of a gymnastics hall and human health." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (April 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09355-x.
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AbstractCurrently, investigations on the microbiota of sports centers and related facilities have been carried out in some countries, which showed that Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans are important dermatoprotofungi. In China, some research on athletes and sports equipment between the fungal community and public health has made some interesting achievements. However, the bacterial group among them has not been reported. Therefore, The aim of this study was to uncover (I) gymnastic equipment is there potential pathogenic factors and (ii) is there any difference in the biomarker of bacterial in different types of gymnastic room? The samples were collected from the gymnastics halls of one university in western China and main sports equipment, including gymnastics carpets, moving barres, hoops and balls, as well as wall bars, parallel bars and horizontal bars. The 16S rDNA of all the samples was sequenced, and the analyses were performed using FaproTax, Bug base function prediction and Line Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size. A 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed abundant bacterial species biodiversity on gymnasts and apparatuses from two gymnastics halls at a university in western China. An analysis using the FaproTax and Bugbase functional prediction platforms showed that there were some opportunistic pathogens on the athletes and equipment from the Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) and Artistic Gymnastics (AG) halls, such as Staphylococcus and Corynebacteiaceae. Infectious agents associated with cancer induction and development, such as Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae and Moraxellaceae, as well as microbial toxin producers with a potential impact on human health, were also detected. According to a line discriminant analysis (LDA effect size), the bacterial biomarker groups of the two gymnasiums were different at the phylum-genus level: for RG, Erysipelatoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales, while for AG, Rhizobiales. Based on the results of the investigation, we suggest that more comprehensive consideration should be given to indoor microbial biodiversity and related public health problems in school gymnasiums.
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Cao, Yurong, Baozhen Zhu, Fei Li, Duihong Zhang, Tongqing Guo, Fadi Li, and Guo Yang. "The Destruction of the Anaerobic Environment Caused by Rumen Fistula Surgery Leads to Differences in the Rumen Microbial Diversity and Function of Sheep." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8 (December 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.754195.
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This experiment was to study the impact of rumen fistula surgery on the rumen microbios in sheep. Six male adult Hu sheep (48.8 ± 0.23 kg, 0.5 years) were fed at 0700 and 1,800 with ad libitum access to water. The rumen fistula was installed in the same batch from 0600 to 0900. Monitoring the dry mater intake and the output of dry mater faces 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 days after fistulated surgery. The collection of rumen fluid was arranged at 1d during rumen surgery (DRS1), 3d after rumen surgery (ARS3), and 14d after rumen surgery (ARS14) for volatile fatty acid (VFA) and DNA extraction for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. There was no difference in DMI, the pH apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber both before and 14 days after surgery. Increases were observed in the acetate and total VFA at ARS3. There was no difference in digestion of dry material, organic material, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber before and after surgery. The relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased from 61.96% at DRS1 to 28.85% at ARS3. In comparison with the DRS1 and ARS3, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ARS14 increased to 44.58% (P < 0.01). Proteobacteria increased from 11.33% at DRS1 to 51.66% at ARS3 and then decreased to 11.39% at ARS14. Prevotella decreased form 61.06% at DRS1 to 28.04% in the ARS3. Succinivibrio increased from 8.32% at DRS1 to 48.58% at ARS3, but decreased to 10.43% in the ARS14. Compared with DRS1 and ARS3, the ARS14 was higher in the Simpson and Shannon index. As for the BugBase function prediction, rumen fistula surgery increased the microorganism abundance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic phenotype, and anaerobic phenotype was decreased in the ARS3. There was higher microorganism abundance of aerobic phenotype in the ARS14 than before fistula installation. In conclusion, the rumen fistula surgery destroys the anaerobic environment of rumen, leading to differences in rumen microbial diversity and function, but the apparent digestibility and total VFA were not affected.