Journal articles: 'Bufo marinus'

1

Trejos, A. "Cromoblastomicosis Experimental en Bufo marinus." Revista de Biología Tropical 1, no. 1 (November 25, 2013): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v1i1.12514.

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Batistic, Radenka F., Flavio A. Baldissera, and Célio F. B. Haddad. "Cytotaxonomic considerations with the description of two new NOR locations for South American toads, genus Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 20, no. 4 (1999): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853899x00457.

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AbstractCytogenetic studies were made on Brazilian Bufo: B. marinus, B. paracnemis, B. ictericus, B. rufus, B. arenarum, B. crucifer, Bufo granulosus, B. pygmaeus and B. margaritifer (= B. typhonius). All these species had a typical karyotype of 2n = 22. Species from the marinus and crucifer groups had NORs on Chromosome 7, species from the granulosus group had NORs on Chromosome 5, and B. margaritifer had NORs on Chromosome 10. The last two locations of NORs are described for the first time for the genus Bufo in South America.

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3

Sillman, A. J. "Extraction and characterization of the blue-sensitive visual pigment of the toad Bufo marinus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-141.

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The blue-sensitive visual pigment of the green rods of Bufo marinus was extracted with digitonin. The pigment is present in an amount equal to about 11% that of rhodopsin. It is based on vitamin A1 and exhibits a maximum absorbance of 433 nm. The pigment is labile and readily destroyed by hydroxylamine, regenerates to a much greater degree than does rhodopsin, and is more effectively extracted from the membrane than is rhodopsin. The green rod pigment of Bufo marinus appears to share the same physical and chemical properties as the green rod pigments of other amphibians. Therefore, the results of electrophysiological studies on the green rods of Bufo marinus can be more confidently generalized to other species. The results are discussed in terms of the blue phototaxis that is characteristic of many amphibians.

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4

Evans, Murray, and Margarita Lampo. "Diet of Bufo marinus in Venezuela." Journal of Herpetology 30, no. 1 (March 1996): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564710.

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5

Taylor, P. M., and M. J. Tyler. "Pepsin in the toad Bufo marinus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 84, no. 4 (January 1986): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(86)90384-1.

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6

Sievert, Lynnette M. "Thermoregulatory behaviour in the toads Bufo marinus and Bufo cognatus." Journal of Thermal Biology 16, no. 5 (September 1991): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(91)90023-u.

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7

ALA-LAURILA, PETRI, PIA SAARINEN, RAULI ALBERT, ARI KOSKELAINEN, and KRISTIAN DONNER. "Temperature effects on spectral properties of red and green rods in toad retina." Visual Neuroscience 19, no. 6 (November 2002): 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523802196088.

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Temperature effects on spectral properties of the two types of rod photoreceptors in toad retina, “red” and “green” rods, were studied in the range 0–38°C. Absorbance spectra of the visual pigments were recorded by single-cell microspectrophotometry (MSP) and spectral sensitivities of red rods were measured by electroretinogram (ERG) recording across the isolated retina. The red-rod visual pigment is a usual rhodopsin (λmax = 503.6 nm and 502.3 nm at room temperature (21°C) in, respectively, Bufo marinus and Bufo bufo), that of green rods (λmax = 432.6 nm in Bufo marinus) belongs to the “blue” cone pigment family. In red rods, λmax depended inversely and monotonically on temperature, shifting by −2.3 nm when temperature was raised from 0°C to 38°C. Green-rod λmax showed no measurable dependence on temperature. In red rods, warming caused a relative increase of sensitivity in the long-wavelength range. This effect can be used for estimating the energy needed for photoexcitation, giving Ea = 44.3 ± 0.6 kcal/mol for Bufo marinus rhodopsin and 48.8 ± 0.5 kcal/mol for Bufo bufo rhodopsin. The values are significantly different (P < 0.001), although the two rhodopsins have very similar absorption spectra and thermal isomerization rates. Our recording techniques did not allow measurement of the corresponding effect at long wavelengths in green rods. Although spectral effects of temperature changes in the physiological range are small and of little significance for visual function, they reveal information about the energy states and different spectral tuning mechanisms of the visual pigments.

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8

Lawler, Karen L., and Jean-Marc Hero. "Palatability of Bufo marinus Tadpoles to a Predatory Fish Decreases with Development." Wildlife Research 24, no. 3 (1997): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96089.

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This investigation showed an ontogenetic shift in the palatability of Bufo marinus tadpoles by measuring consumption of tadpoles at three different developmental stages (newly hatched, intermediate and pre- metamorphic) by an Australian predatory fish, Lates calcarifer (barramundi). A known-palatable tadpole, Limnodynastes ornatus, was used as the control. B. marinus tadpoles at all developmental stages were unpalatable relative to a palatable alternative, with the later stages being the least palatable. Choice experiments further demonstrated that L. calcarifer were able to recognise and choose L. ornatus tadpoles in preference to those of B. marinus. Our experiments demonstrate that at all stages of development, B. marinus tadpoles were unpalatable to L. calcarifer. Contrary to the model proposed by Brodie and Formanowicz (1987), our results suggest an ontogenetic shift in palatability of B. marinus tadpoles to a vertebrate fish predator, with the later stages being less palatable.

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9

West, NH, and AW Smits. "Cardiac output in conscious toads (Bufo marinus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 186, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.186.1.315.

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10

Suedmeyer, Wm Kirk, Donald S. Gillespie, and Lanny Pace. "Chromomycosis in a Marine Toad, Bufo marinus." Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 7, no. 3 (January 1997): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1076-3139.7.3.13.

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11

O'SHEA, P., R. SPEARE, and AD THOMAS. "Salmonellas from the cane toad, Bufo marinus." Australian Veterinary Journal 67, no. 8 (August 1990): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07808.x.

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12

Bernard, David G. "Central chemosensitivity and respiration in Bufo marinus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 126 (July 2000): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(00)80020-6.

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13

Markovich, D., and R. R. Regeer. "Expression of membrane transporters in cane toad Bufo marinus oocytes." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 16 (August 15, 1999): 2217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.16.2217.

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Membrane transport proteins (transporters and ion channels) have been extensively expressed in amphibian oocytes. The aims of this study were to determine whether oocytes from the cane toad Bufo marinus could be used as an alternative expression system to the broadly used Xenopus laevis oocytes. mRNAs encoding plasma membrane transporters NaSi-1 and sat-1 (sulphate transporters), NaDC-1 (dicarboxylate transporter), SGLT-1 (Na(+)/glucose cotransporter) and rBAT and 4F2 hc (amino acid transporters) were injected into B. marinus oocytes. All led to significant induction of their respective transport activities. Uptake rates were comparable with those in X. laevis oocytes, with the exception of rBAT, which was able to induce amino acid uptake only in X. laevis oocytes, suggesting that rBAT may require an endogenous X. laevis oocyte protein that is absent from B. marinus oocytes. Transport kinetics were determined for the NaSi-1 cotransporter in B. marinus oocytes, with identical results to those obtained in X. laevis oocytes. NaSi-1 specificity for the Na(+) cation was determined, and the anions selenate, molybdate, tungstate, oxalate and thiosulphate could all inhibit NaSi-1-induced sulphate transport. This study demonstrates that cane toad oocytes can be used successfully to express plasma membrane proteins, making this a viable heterologous system for the expression of proteins.

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14

Johnston, I. A., and T. T. Gleeson. "Effects of temperature on contractile properties of skinned muscle fibers from three toad species." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 252, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): R371—R375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.252.2.r371.

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Single fast fibers were isolated from the iliofibularis muscles of three species of toad with different thermal minima for active locomotion: 8 degrees C, American toad, Bufo americanus; 15 degrees C, Rocky Mountain toad, Bufo woodhousei woodhousei; 22 degrees C, Cane toad, Bufo marinus. All experiments were carried out during the summer. Fibers were chemically skinned and maximum isometric tension and unloaded contraction velocity were determined at a series of temperatures between 0 and 35 degrees C. At 25-30 degrees C, isometric tension development has a low temperature dependence (R10 = 1.1-1.3) and is in the range of 210-260 kN X m-2 for each of the three toads. However, at 0-10 degrees C, absolute values of tension increase in the series (B. americanus greater than B. woodhousei greater than B. marinus; i.e., with increasing cold tolerance), while thermal sensitivity between 0 and 10 degrees C is inversely related to cold tolerance. For example, at 0 degree C, maximum isometric tension (Po) for the most northerly distributed species is three times higher than for the subtropical to tropical species (P less than 0.001). R10 for Po (0-10 degrees C) is 1.7 for B. marinus, 1.3 for B. w. woodhousei, and 1.0 for B. americanus. In contrast, unloaded shortening speeds were similar at any given temperature for the three species. It is concluded that adaptations in Bufo myosin for activity at low temperatures largely involves changes in force production.

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15

Burnay, Muriel, Gilles Crambert, Solange Kharoubi-Hess, Käthi Geering, and Jean-Daniel Horisberger. "Bufo marinus bladder H-K-ATPase carries out electroneutral ion transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): F869—F874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.5.f869.

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Bufo marinus bladder H-K-ATPase belongs to the Na-K-ATPase and H-K-ATPase subfamily of oligomeric P-type ATPases and is closely related to rat and human nongastric H-K-ATPases. It has been demonstrated that this ATPase transports K+ into the cell in exchange for protons and sodium ions, but the stoichiometry of this cation exchange is not yet known. We studied the electrogenic properties of B. marinus bladder H-K-ATPase expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. In a HEPES-buffered solution, K+ activation of the H-K-ATPase induced a slow-onset inward current that reached an amplitude of ∼20 nA after 1–2 min. When measurements were performed in a solution containing 25 mM HCO[Formula: see text] at a Pco 2 of 40 Torr, the negative current activated by K+ was reduced. In noninjected oocytes, intracellular alkalization activated an inward current similar to that due to B. marinus H-K-ATPase. We conclude that the transport activity of the nongastric B. marinus H-K-ATPase is not intrinsically electrogenic but that the inward current observed in oocytes expressing this ion pump is secondary to intracellular alkalization induced by proton transport.

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16

Delvinquier, BLJ, and WJ Freeland. "Protozoan Parasites of the Cane Toad, Bufo-Marinus, in Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 3 (1988): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880301.

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A survey of the protozoan parasites of the introduced South American cane toad, Bufo marinus, was conducted between 1983 and 1984 in Queensland. In all, 267 fully grown specimens, 7 juveniles and 115 tadpoles were checked for blood, cloaca, gall bladder and, for the tadpoles only, skin protozoans, and results are compared with records of the toad's protozoans in South America. Results show that Bufo marinus has not retained any of its native blood protozoans, and that it has introduced species of intestinal and gall bladder protozoans: Trichomitus batrachorum; Zelleriella antilliensis; Hyalodaktylethra renacuajo n.g. (=Saccamoeba renacuajo); and, Myxidium immersum. The toad has adopted at least three species of native protoopalinids: Protoopalina australis; P. hylarum; and, P. raffae. The intestinal flagellates Chilomastix caulleryi, Retortamonas dobelli, Giardia agilis, Spiro- nucleus elegans, and Monocercomonas batrachorum are all new records for B. marinus. Undetermined species of Nyctotheroides were observed in the cloaca. A species of Trichodina is reported for the first time on the skin of the toad's tadpoles.

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17

Sievert, Lynnette M., and Jennifer L. Poore. "Melatonin Does Not Influence Thermoregulatory Behavior in Bufo americanus and Bufo marinus." Copeia 1995, no. 2 (May 3, 1995): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1446919.

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18

Cannon, M. Samuel, H. Wayne Sampson, E. D. Kapes, and John B. Gelderd. "Cytochemistry of the Blood Basophil of Bufo marinus." Journal of Herpetology 22, no. 4 (December 1988): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564333.

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19

Birch, James M. "Skull allometry in the marine toad,Bufo marinus." Journal of Morphology 241, no. 2 (August 1999): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199908)241:2<115::aid-jmor2>3.0.co;2-x.

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20

Bube, A., E. Burkhardt, and R. Weiß. "Spontaneous chromomycosis in the marine toad (Bufo marinus)." Journal of Comparative Pathology 106, no. 1 (January 1992): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(92)90069-7.

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21

Coelho, F. C., and N. J. Smatresk. "Resting respiratory behavior in minimally instrumented toads - effects of very long apneas on blood gases and pH." Brazilian Journal of Biology 63, no. 1 (February 2003): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842003000100006.

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Resting respiratory behavior of Bufo marinus in minimally instrumented toads is described for a period of 24 hours in which the animals are left undisturbed. Torpor-related long apneas are described and their implications for blood gas levels are investigated. Results show that the resting ventilation rate of Bufo marinus is much lower than that reported so far. Levels of arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH are monitored during artificial long apneas induced by anesthesia. The toads showed an unexpected ability to unload carbon dioxide by non-respiratory means, even while being kept on dry plastic box with no access to water. Oxygen arterial partial pressure dropped to very low levels after one hour of apnea. This suggests that these animals may endure very well severe hypoxia for long periods of time while in torpor.

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22

Velásquez, L. F., and A. Restrepo. "Cromomicosis natural en el <i>Bufo marinus</i>." Actualidades Biológicas 3, no. 9 (January 25, 2018): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.330690.

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En un estudio realizado en 75 sapos (Bufo marinus) se encontró que dos especímenes estaban infectados por mohos negros. Los animales presentaban lesiones granulomatosas en varias vísceras, en las que fue posible observar células esclerosas, idénticas a las halladas en la cromomicosis humana. Los cultivos de tales lesiones permitieron aislar dos mohos negros, de crecimiento lento, incapaces de crecimientos a 36º C y, además, desprovistos de capacidades hidrolíticas. No fue posible hacer que las cepas Bufo 3 y Bufo 5 esporularan. Los resultados del estudio son analizados comparativamente con otros informes sobre infecciones por mohos negros en anfibios.

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23

Freeland, WJ, and SH Kerin. "Within-Habitat Relationships Between Invading Bufo-Marinus and Australian Species of Frog During the Tropical Dry Season." Wildlife Research 15, no. 3 (1988): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880293.

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Four tropical Australian frog species do not alter their dry season patterns of habitat and/or food utilisation following invasion by introduced Bufo marinus. Breadths of utilisation of habitat and food resources by B. rnarinus are less than those of one or more native species. Levels of overlap of resource use between B. marinus and native frog species are not different from those occurring among the native species. Differences in body sizes of native species and B. marinus are not related to levels of resource overlap. The population sizes of individual species, species richness and equitabilities of native frog communities in the dry season are not influenced by the presence of B. marinus. B. rnarinus has no observable impact on recovery of native frog communities or populations following experimental perturbation. At the time of year when resources are likely to be most limiting (the dry season), B. marinus is a relatively 'narrow-niched' invader with no measurable competitive impact on a native frog community that may be in a state of disequilibrium.

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24

Rapoport, J., A. Abuful, C. Chaimovitz, Z. Noeh, and R. M. Hays. "Active urea transport by the skin of Bufo viridis: amiloride- and phloretin-sensitive transport sites." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 255, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): F429—F433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.3.f429.

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Urea is actively transported inwardly (Ji) across the skin of the green toad Bufo viridis. Ji is markedly enhanced in toads adapted to hypertonic saline. We studied urea transport across the skin of Bufo viridis under a variety of experimental conditions, including treatment with amiloride and phloretin, agents that inhibit urea permeability in the bladder of Bufo marinus. Amiloride (10(-4) M) significantly inhibited Ji in both adapted and unadapted animals and was unaffected by removal of sodium from the external medium. Phloretin (10(-4) M) significantly inhibited Ji in adapted animals by 23–46%; there was also a reduction in Ji in unadapted toads at 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-4) M phloretin. A dose-response study revealed that the concentration of phloretin causing half-maximal inhibition (K1/2) was 5 x 10(-4) M for adapted animals. Ji was unaffected by the substitution of sucrose for Ringer solution or by ouabain. We conclude 1) the process of adaptation appears to involve an increase in the number of amiloride- and phloretin-inhibitable urea transport sites in the skin, with a possible increase in the affinity of the sites for phloretin; 2) the adapted skin resembles the Bufo marinus urinary bladder with respect to amiloride and phloretin-inhibitable sites; 3) we confirm earlier observations that Ji is independent of sodium transport.

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25

Davis, Wade, and Andrew T. Weil. "Identity of a New World Psychoactive Toad." Ancient Mesoamerica 3, no. 1 (1992): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100002297.

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AbstractAnthropologists have long speculated that ancient peoples of Mesoamerica used a toad, Bufo marinus, as a ritual intoxicant. This hypothesis rests on many iconographic and mythological representations of toads and on a number of speculative ethnographic reports. We reject B. marinus as a candidate for such use because of the toxicity of its venom. A more likely candidate is the Sonoran desert toad, Bufo alvarius, which secretes large amounts of the potent, known hallucinogen, 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). We demonstrate that the venom of B. alvarius, though known to be toxic when consumed orally, may be safely smoked and is powerfully psychoactive by that route of administration. These experiments are the first documentation of a hallucinogenic agent from the animal kingdom, and they provide clear evidence of a psychoactive toad that could have been employed by Precolumbiae peoples of the New World.

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26

Viborg, A. L. "Cardiovascular and behavioural changes during water absorption in toads, Bufo alvarius and Bufo marinus." Journal of Experimental Biology 209, no. 5 (March 1, 2006): 834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02057.

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27

Santos, Delsi de los, and Ivelisse Figueroa. "Exportaciones de Rana Castebeiana y Bufo marinus durante el período del 10 de enero de 1994 al 7 de octubre de 1999." Ciencia y Sociedad 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.2001.v26i2.pp240-54.

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Se presenta una relación sobre las exportaciones de dos especies de anfibios (Rana catesbeiana y Bufo marinus), emitidas por el Departamento de Vida Silvestre para una período que abarca desde 1994 hasta 1999. Así como también los principales lugares donde se colectan estas especies.

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28

Tufts, B. L., and D. P. Toews. "Partitioning of regulatory sites in Bufo marinus during hypercapnia." Journal of Experimental Biology 119, no. 1 (November 1, 1985): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.119.1.199.

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Ureters were cannulated in specimens of Bufo marinus (L.) in order to partition the regulatory contributions of the kidney and skin. The in vivo roles of the kidney, skin and internal calcareous deposits in the response of these animals to chronic hypercapnia were then evaluated. There was no compensatory adjustment by the skin and only a minimal regulatory response by the kidney. Major adjustments which have been attributed to combined skin and urinary tract in previous studies must therefore come from the urinary bladder. Removal of the bladder as a regulatory site in these animals completely eliminated the compensatory elevation of HCO3- in the extracellular fluid. Mobilization of internal calcareous deposits as a source of HCO3- was found to contribute 50% of the compensatory response of these animals during hypercapnia.

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Snyder, G. K., and J. R. Nestler. "Intracellular pH in the toad Bufo marinus following hypercapnia." Journal of Experimental Biology 161, no. 1 (November 1, 1991): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.161.1.415.

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We investigated the effects of hypercapnia on intracellular acid-base regulation in brain and liver of the toad Bufo marinus L. After 1 h at 5% CO2, arterial PCO2 increased significantly, from 1.6 +/− 0.04 to 5.7 +/− 0.23 kPa, while brain and liver intracellular pH (pHi) decreased significantly. Reductions in pHi of both tissues were partially compensated by increased levels of bicarbonate. Surprisingly, however, compensation was lower than expected in brain and higher than expected in liver. We suggest that compensation in brain may be limited by secondary effects of bicarbonate loading in this tissue.

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30

Carpenter, Charles C., and James C. Gillingham. "Water Hole Fidelity in the Marine Toad, Bufo marinus." Journal of Herpetology 21, no. 2 (June 1987): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564475.

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31

Browne, R. "Short-term storage of cane toad (Bufo marinus) gametes." Reproduction 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/reprod/121.1.167.

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32

Etges, Frank J. "Clinostomum attenuatum (Digenea) from the Eye of Bufo marinus." Journal of Parasitology 77, no. 4 (August 1991): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3283173.

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33

Hamilton, Nick HR, Damien CT Halliday, Suze Tarmo, John Bray, Daryl Venables, and Tony Robinson. "Captive Care and Breeding of Marine Toads, Bufo marinus." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 15, no. 4 (January 2005): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651.15.4.21.

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34

Reid, Stephen G., William K. Milsom, Janice T. Meier, Suzy Munns, and Nigel H. West. "Pulmonary vagal modulation of ventilation in toads (Bufo marinus)." Respiration Physiology 120, no. 3 (May 2000): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5687(99)00118-8.

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35

Sherman, Elizabeth, and Antonia Stephens. "Fever and metabolic rate in the toad Bufo marinus." Journal of Thermal Biology 23, no. 1 (February 1998): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(97)00045-4.

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36

Sherman, Elizabeth, Lynda Baldwin, Gerardo Fernandez, and Erik Deurell. "Fever and thermal tolerance in the toad Bufo marinus." Journal of Thermal Biology 16, no. 5 (September 1991): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(91)90021-s.

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37

Bui, Khoa, and Richard F. Ochillo. "Characterization of cholinesterase of muscularis muscle of Bufo marinus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 87, no. 1 (January 1987): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(87)90190-3.

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38

Everard, C. O. R., D. Carrington, H. Korver, and J. D. Everard. "LEPTOSPIRES IN THE MARINE TOAD (BUFO MARINUS) ON BARBADOS." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24, no. 2 (April 1988): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.2.334.

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39

Speare, R., A. D. Thomas, P. O'Shea, and W. A. Shipton. "MUCOR AMPHIBIORUM IN THE TOAD, BUFO MARINUS, IN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30, no. 3 (July 1994): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-30.3.399.

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40

Melton, L. B., and John C. Vanatta. "Ammonia transport by the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 115, no. 2 (October 1996): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(96)00028-x.

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41

Crossland, Michael R. "A comparison of cane toad and native tadpoles as predators of native anuran eggs, hatchlings and larvae." Wildlife Research 25, no. 4 (1998): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98001.

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Few quantitative data exist regarding the impact of the introduced cane toad, Bufo marinus, on native Australian fauna. This study investigated predation by tadpoles of B. marinus and two native anurans (Limnodynastes ornatus and Litoria rubella) on eggs, hatchlings and larvae of native anurans that co-occur with these tadpoles in temporary and semi-permanent water bodies in northern Queensland. During controlled laboratory experiments, neither small nor large B. marinus tadpoles were significant predators of native anuran eggs, hatchlings or tadpoles. Small tadpoles of L. ornatus also did not prey significantly upon native anuran eggs, hatchlings or tadpoles. However, large tadpoles of L. ornatus and, to a lesser extent, L. rubella were often significant predators of native anuran eggs and hatchlings, but were not significant predators of native tadpoles. The results suggest that native tadpoles are often likely to have a greater impact on the survival of early life history stages of native anurans via predation than areB. marinus tadpoles.

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Lampo, M., and P. Bayliss. "The impact of ticks on Bufo marinus from native habitats." Parasitology 113, no. 2 (August 1996): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000066440.

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SUMMARYWe analysed the patterns of tick distribution on 2274 adult toads from Venezuela and Brazil, to explore whether these ectoparasites have any impact on the survival of Bufo marinus. A maximum-likelihood analysis showed that aggregation levels of ticks decreased significantly with the mean intensity of infection. This decline could be attributed to a density-dependent reduction of ticks within toads, density-dependent tick-induced toad mortality and/or density-dependent tick-induced changes in toad susceptibility. However, the relationship between the rate of change in tick loads and tick burdens from recaptured toads indicated that neither the loss of ticks within toads nor the toad susceptibility to further infection were dependent upon tick burdens. Therefore, we can indirectly infer that density-dependent tick-induced toad mortality is responsible for the observed decline in aggregation levels with tick age and burdens. On the other hand, a significant negative relationship between tick burdens and the size-specific weight of toads suggested that ticks may also have a significant impact on the patterns of weight deposition of adult toads. This evidence suggests that these ectoparasites may play an important role in regulating the densities of B. marinus in native habitats.

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Urán, L. A., and J. Builes. "Laboratorio: Fecundación artificial y primeras etapas del desarrollo en <i>Bufo marinus</i>." Actualidades Biológicas 4, no. 11 (January 25, 2018): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.330684.

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El sapo Bufo marinus se utiliza a menudo para realizar prácticas de laboratorio muy sencillas pero de gran interés para profesores y estudiantes, a nivel de enseñanza media y superior, debido a que permite comprender y seguir en forma experimental, su fecundación artificial y las primeras etapas de su desarrollo (Builes, 1972).

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GUGLIELMONE, ALBERTO A., and SANTIAGO NAVA. "Hosts of Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae)." Zootaxa 2541, no. 1 (July 19, 2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2541.1.2.

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Host records of Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 from the literature were critically reviewed. A total of 417 records on 101 species of tetrapods, and 193 records in 74 species of tetrapods were determined for A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, respectively. Aves have been found only once infested with A. dissimile. This tick has been detected on four species of Bufonidae, while A. rotundatum has been recorded on 13 species from six families of Anura. Crocodilia has been recorded infested by A. rotundatum (captive host, one species) and A. dissimile (two species). Sixteen species of Mammalia from ten families and eight species from eight families have been found infested with A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, including humans, respectively. A total of 63 species of Squamata (10 families) were found infested with A. dissimile, while the corresponding numbers for A. rotundatum are 45 species in nine families. A total of 15 species of Testudines (four families) and nine species (three families) have been found infested with A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, respectively. When infestation on captive and laboratory hosts were excluded from the analysis the number of species naturally infested with A. dissimile diminished to 88 and 58 for A. rotundatum. However, natural hosts infested with larvae, nymphs and adults of A. dissimile are Bufo marinus (Linnaeus), Bufo peltocephalus Tschudi, Proechimys semispinosus (Tomes), Boa constrictor Linnaeus, Epicrates striatus (Fischer), Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler), Cyclura cychlura (Cuvier), Iguana iguana (Linnaeus), Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus) and Trachemys scripta (Thunberg), but the commonest hosts harbouring all parasitic stages are B. marinus, B. constrictor and I. iguana. Hosts for all parasitic stages of A. rotundatum are B. marinus, Bufo schneideri Werner and B. constrictor, although records on B. marinus are considerably higher than the records on the other two hosts. The contribution of sheep and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus) as hosts of A. dissimile, and Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus as host of A. rotundatum, were overestimated in previous studies. The ample host-range of these tick species may partly explain their wide distribution from southern U.S.A. to northern Argentina, but there are also chances that more than one species are represented under the names A. dissimile and A. rotundatum.

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Wood, S. C. "Effect of hematocrit on behavioral thermoregulation of the toad Bufo marinus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): R848—R851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.4.r848.

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This study tested the hypothesis that the oxygen capacity of blood, indexed by hematocrit, affects the body temperature (Tb) selected by toads (Bufo marinus) in a thermal gradient. Anesthetized toads (Brevital sodium; 40 mg/kg im) were fitted with a cloacal thermistor and femoral artery cannula. After recovery, they were placed in a thermal gradient ranging from approximately 10 to 40 degrees C. Tb was measured for 24 h. Then 1-2 ml blood were withdrawn and replaced with an equal volume of either 0.66% saline or packed red cells from donor toads. Selected Tb was measured for the next 24 h. The mean Tb selected by B. marinus (n = 33) was 24.9 degrees C. Cross-sectional analysis showed no correlation between selected Tb and hematocrit. However, each toad rendered anemic showed a reduction of selected Tb (mean = 22.9 degrees C). The degree of Tb reduction was correlated with the hematocrit reduction, (r = 0.86; P = 0.013). Blood doping did not have a significant effect on selected Tb. The reduction of Tb could be adaptive by reducing oxygen consumption.

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OCEGUERA-FIGUEROA, ALEJANDRO. "A new species of freshwater leech of the genus Haementeria (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae) from Jalisco State, Mexico." Zootaxa 1110, no. 1 (January 17, 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1110.1.4.

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Haementeria lopezi n. sp. is described based on the examination of 11 specimens collected in northern Jalisco state, Mexico. Leeches were found feeding on blood of Bufo marinus (Bufonidae) and Smilisca baudinii (Hylidae). Diagnostic characters are: undivided annuli and absence of conspicuous papillae on dorsal surface. Specimens measure 22–59 mm length and 6-9 mm wide.

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Niven, BS. "Logical Synthesis of an Animals Environment - Sponges to Non-Human Primates .5. The Cane Toad, Bufo-Marinus." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 2 (1988): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880169.

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The environment of the cane toad Bufo marinus is classified according to the defining equations given in the first paper of this series. Envirograms are presented, displaying objects in the environment of adult, tadpole and egg in their correct places. Notes on the envirograms include informal versions of the appropriate defining equations that are used for the classification.

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Okajima, T. I., B. Wiggert, G. J. Chader, and D. R. Pepperberg. "Retinoid processing in retinal pigment epithelium of toad (Bufo marinus)." Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, no. 35 (September 1994): 21983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31744-1.

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Wood, S. C., and G. M. Malvin. "Physiological significance of behavioral hypothermia in hypoxic toads (Bufo marinus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 159, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.159.1.203.

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We tested the hypotheses that hypoxic toads (Bufo marinus) in a thermal gradient would select a lower than normal temperature and that this behavioral response would be beneficial. Under normoxic conditions, selected body temperature was 24.2 +/− 3.6 degrees C. When inspired O2 was 10% or less, mean selected temperature decreased to 15.3 +/− 2.4 degrees C. The theoretical advantages of hypoxia-induced hypothermia we tested include (1) a reduction of oxygen uptake (VO2) by a Q10 effect; (2) increased arterial saturation (SaO2), (3) a decreased ventilatory response, and (4) a decreased stress response. Gas exchange, hematocrit, hemoglobin, SaO2, PaO2 and pH were measured at 25 degrees C (normal preferred temperature) and 15 degrees C (hypoxia preferred temperature) in toads breathing normoxic or hypoxic gas mixtures. During graded hypoxia at 15 degrees C, SaO2 was significantly increased and VO2 was significantly reduced compared with 25 degrees C. Graded hypoxia did not significantly affect VO2 at 25 degrees C, despite evidence for increased ventilation at that temperature (increased pH and respiratory exchange ratio, RE). At 15 degrees C, graded hypoxia had a significant effect on VO2 only at an inspired O2 of 4%. Increased RE with hypoxia was significant at 25 degrees C but not at 15 degrees C. Hematocrit and [hemoglobin] rose significantly during graded hypoxia at 25 degrees C but did not change at 15 degrees C. Toads exposed to 10% O2 (the value that elicits behavioral hypothermia) showed a significant respiratory alkalosis at 25 degrees C but not at 15 degrees C. Likewise, hypoxia caused a significant drop in SaO2 and PO2 at 25 degrees C. Cooling to 15 degrees C during hypoxia caused a significant rise in SaO2 but no change in PaO2. In conclusion, behavioral hypothermia is a beneficial response to hypoxia in Bufo marinus.

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Berger, Lee, Rick Speare, Annette Thomas, and Alex Hyatt. "Mucocutaneous Fungal Disease in Tadpoles of Bufo marinus in Australia." Journal of Herpetology 35, no. 2 (June 2001): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1566126.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bufo marinus'

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