Relevant bibliographies by topics / Budgeted training

Academic literature on the topic 'Budgeted training'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Budgeted training"

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Hu, Lisha, Chunyu Hu, Zheng Huo, Xinlong Jiang, and Suzhen Wang. "Online Support Vector Machine with a Single Pass for Streaming Data." Mathematics 10, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10173113.

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In this paper, we focus on training a support vector machine (SVM) online with a single pass over streaming data.Traditional batch-mode SVMs require previously prepared training data; these models may be unsuitable for streaming data circumstances. Online SVMs are effective tools for solving this problem by receiving data streams consistently and updating model weights accordingly. However, most online SVMs require multiple data passes before the updated weights converge to stable solutions, and may be unable to address high-rate data streams. This paper presents OSVM_SP, a new online SVM with a single pass over streaming data, and three budgeted versions to bound the space requirement with support vector removal principles. The experimental results obtained with five public datasets show that OSVM_SP outperforms most state-of-the-art single-pass online algorithms in terms of accuracy and is comparable to batch-mode SVMs. Furthermore, the proposed budgeted algorithms achieve comparable predictive performance with only 1/3 of the space requirement.
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Nushi, Besmira, Adish Singla, Andreas Krause, and Donald Kossmann. "Learning and Feature Selection under Budget Constraints in Crowdsourcing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 4 (September 21, 2016): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13278.

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The cost of data acquisition limits the amount of labeled data available for machine learning algorithms, both at the training and the testing phase. This problem is further exacerbated in real-world crowdsourcing applications where labels are aggregated from multiple noisy answers. We tackle classification problems where the underlying feature labels are unknown to the algorithm and a (noisy) label of the desired feature can be acquired at a fixed cost. This problem has two types of budget constraints - the total cost of feature labels available for learning at the training phase, and the cost of features to use during the testing phase for classification. We propose a novel budgeted learning and feature selection algorithm, B-LEAFS, for jointly tackling this problem in the presence of noise. Experimental evaluation on synthetic and real-world crowdsourcing data demonstrate the practical applicability of our approach.
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Wang, Zheng, Bruno Abrahao, and Ece Kamar. "Supervised Discovery of Unknown Unknowns through Test Sample Mining (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 10 (April 3, 2020): 13959–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i10.7252.

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Given a fixed hypothesis space, defined to model class structure in a particular domain of application, unknown unknowns (u.u.s) are data examples that form classes in the feature space whose structure is not represented in a trained model. Accordingly, this leads to incorrect class prediction with high confidence, which represents one of the major sources of blind spots in machine learning. Our method seeks to reduce the structural mismatch between the training model and that of the target space in a supervised way. We illuminate further structure through cross-validation on a modified training model, set up to mine and trap u.u.s in a marginal training class, created from examples of a random sample of the test set. Contrary to previous approaches, our method simplifies the solution, as it does not rely on budgeted queries to an Oracle whose outcomes inform adjustments to training. In addition, our empirically results exhibit consistent performance improvements over baselines, on both synthetic and real-world data sets.
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Permana Octofrezi. "Problematika Manajemen Kesiswaan, Personalia dan Humas Beserta Pemecahan Masalahnya di Sekolah Dasar ( Studi Riset di SD Intis School Yogyakarta)." AL-FAHIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54396/alfahim.v1i2.63.

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Student management problems, personnel and public relations problems and their problem solving in elementary schools (Research Study at SD INTIS School Yogyakarta). The purpose of this research is to find out the concepts, roles and problems that occur in student management, personnel and community relations at school basic. In addition the authors provide solutions or problem solving for problems that occur. The method the researcher used was a descriptive qualitative research method with data sources through interviews with relevant school leaders. The results showed that the problems that occur in student management include: 1) Some students are inconsistent in following an extracurricular activity and tend to ask to move to another extracurricular, 2) the committee is less loyal to their duties, 3) the problem of uniforming student administration, 4) the number of agendas that are lacking supported by sufficient funds, 5) the existence of extracurriculars that are less effective and devoid of interest. In personnel management, the following problems were found: 1) there are those who have resigned annually, 2) the lack of training and development of human resources for educators and education staff. Whereas in public relations management problems are found: 1) Lack of staff or or limited human resources in the field of Public Relations, 2) In carrying out their duties and functions, Public Relations Employees lack expertise (competence), 3) Overlapping of work with one another, 4) Not having an adequate budget, 5) Sometimes the funds that have been budgeted turn out to be incompatible with reality on the ground. So that inevitably the public relations staff sometimes pack all the needs in accordance with what is budgeted.
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Badrudin, Badrudin, Djam’an Satori, Aan Komariah, and Dedy Achmad Kurniady. "The Implementation of Pesantren Financing Based on Agribusiness Social Entrepreneurs." Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v9i1.504.

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The sources of pesantren funding are limited either from the government, santri parents, or the community. The government has not budgeted pesantren funds in the state budget or regional budget even though there is a policy for pesantren. The search for pesantren financing sources based on the potential of the agribusiness-based social entrepreneurship environment is very desirable. This article aimed to examine the implementation of pesantren financing based on agribusiness social entrepreneurship. Data collection techniques were carried out with the study of documentation, observation, and interviews with the planning, implementation, supervision, evaluation, and accountability of pesantren financing. The study found that Pesantren Al Ittifak Ciwidey in Bandung District implemented agribusiness-based social entrepreneurship financing through five steps namely planning, implementing, controlling, evaluating, and accountability. The study concluded that the implementation of pesantren financing based on agribusiness social entrepreneurship Al Ittifak Ciwidey Bandung was prepared through accounting (budgeting), namely preparing activity plans and pesantren budgets using SWOT analysis; Funding was carried out to finance underprivileged students, to pay teachers, professional development (training), and infrastructure; Supervision of education funding in PPAI Al Ittifak Ciwidey was carried out by the PPAI Management Team, Kiyai, and the board of educators by monitoring, guiding, and solving problems to the RAPBP, Cash, and Equipment; Funding evaluation was carried out at the end of each semester and the end of the school year. Funding accountability was focused on the parents of students, the community, and the Government as well as the PPAI leader, Kiyai.
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Carlin, Joel. "A Case-Study Approach to Teaching Population Management & Conservation." American Biology Teacher 81, no. 9 (November 2019): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2019.81.9.638.

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Conservation employers have long valued the in-depth, highly technical training provided by graduate and undergraduate environmental science curricula. However, employers also highly value communication and critical-thinking skills beyond research science, especially the ability to make management decisions within sociopolitical, financial, and ecological contexts. I developed and implemented a budgeted management plan assignment in lower- and upper-level courses in biology and environmental studies programs at an undergraduate liberal arts college. Students must develop specific, assessable conservation objectives to manage a population within a budget that limits available money, time, and sociopolitical will. Students must conduct extensive scientific literature reviews, then decide which of 89 actions will be most cost-effective. Instructors and students responded positively to the assignment, particularly noting difficulty, realism, and interdisciplinarity as defining features, especially in comparison to more traditional field lab reports. The resulting writing assignment involves little class time and instructor supervision, can be customized for both advanced undergraduate and secondary education curricula, and involves high critical-thinking skills in all four cognitive dimensions of learning as described by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001).
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Cesa-Bianchi, Nicolò, Shai Shalev-Shwartz, and Ohad Shamir. "Quantity Makes Quality: Learning with Partial Views." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 1547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7953.

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In many real world applications, the number of examples to learn from is plentiful, but we can only obtain limited information on each individual example. We study the possibilities of efficient, provably correct, large-scale learning in such settings. The main theme we would like to establish is that large amounts of examples can compensate for the lack of full information on each individual example. The type of partial information we consider can be due to inherent noise or from constraints on the type of interaction with the data source. In particular, we describe and analyze algorithms for budgeted learning, in which the learner can only view a few attributes of each training example, and algorithms for learning kernel-based predictors, when individual examples are corrupted by random noise.
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Ding, Wentao, Guanji Gao, Linfeng Shi, and Yuzhong Qu. "A Pattern-Based Approach to Recognizing Time Expressions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 6335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016335.

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Recognizing time expressions is a fundamental and important task in many applications of natural language understanding, such as reading comprehension and question answering. Several newest state-of-the-art approaches have achieved good performance on recognizing time expressions. These approaches are black-boxed or based on heuristic rules, which leads to the difficulty in understanding the temporal information. On the contrary, classic rule-based or semantic parsing approaches can capture rich structural information, but their performances on recognition are not so good. In this paper, we propose a pattern-based approach, called PTime, which automatically generates and selects patterns for recognizing time expressions. In this approach, time expressions in training text are abstracted into type sequences by using fine-grained token types, thus the problem is transformed to select an appropriate subset of the sequential patterns. We use the Extended Budgeted Maximum Coverage (EBMC) model to optimize the pattern selection. The main idea is to maximize the correct token sequences matched by the selected patterns while the number of the mistakes should be limited by an adjustable budget. The interpretability of patterns and the adjustability of permitted number of mistakes make PTime a very promising approach for many applications. Experimental results show that PTime achieves a very competitive performance as compared with existing state-of-the-art approaches.
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Arfiyanto, Dedy, and Isnani Yuli Andini. "PENGENDALIAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA KARYAWAN UNIVERSITAS WIRARAJA BAGIAN STRUKTURAL DALAM PENCAPAIAN PRESTASI KERJA." PERFORMANCE " Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi" 6, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/feb.v6i2.270.

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Human being as human resource represent labour if only evaluated from its just physical. With all ability of his physical try to fulfill requirement of his life by taking benefit around its environment. Human resource in an organization represent top-drawer determinant to effectiveness of labour capacity and organization. The succes in work area in organization determined by interest storey, professionalism and his work which is Wiraraja. University of Wiraraja as organization is non profit need ability to accept and adapt to various friction and change of environment/climate, passing management of SDM capable to esteem human being standing and prestige. In approach of SDM mean all and every organization have to can create satisfaction and security in working (Quality of Work Life) brief of QWL, so that his environmental SDM become competitif.Research Type is used in this research is qualitative research. By using qualitative method, researcher involve direct and continue to have interaction with source of data so that operation of Human Resource data at Employees University of Wiraraja Structural Shares can know clearly.Result of research can be concluded that recruitment of officer candidate in University of Wiraraja at order officer of Year 2015 with conditions of public and conditions of administration which consist in officer order section 12 article 1 and 2. Training and development of officer have been budgeted by Foam Proffering of Budget (direct guarded DIPA) by Bureau Financial Administration ( BAKU) but training amount still minim and officer in evaluation by each head of satker, but follow-up result of evaluation still discipline, but position/occupation promotion even increase of officer salary still conducted at a time per annum non seeing from performance, dedication, its officer achievement and also loyalities. Keyword : Operation of Human Resource, Labour Capacity
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Chen, Lin, Ji-Ting Jia, Qiong Zhang, Wan-Yu Deng, and Wei Wei. "Online Sequential Projection Vector Machine with Adaptive Data Mean Update." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5197932.

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We propose a simple online learning algorithm especial for high-dimensional data. The algorithm is referred to as online sequential projection vector machine (OSPVM) which derives from projection vector machine and can learn from data in one-by-one or chunk-by-chunk mode. In OSPVM, data centering, dimension reduction, and neural network training are integrated seamlessly. In particular, the model parameters including(1)the projection vectors for dimension reduction,(2)the input weights, biases, and output weights, and(3)the number of hidden nodes can be updated simultaneously. Moreover, only one parameter, the number of hidden nodes, needs to be determined manually, and this makes it easy for use in real applications. Performance comparison was made on various high-dimensional classification problems for OSPVM against other fast online algorithms including budgeted stochastic gradient descent (BSGD) approach, adaptive multihyperplane machine (AMM), primal estimated subgradient solver (Pegasos), online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM), and SVD + OSELM (feature selection based on SVD is performed before OSELM). The results obtained demonstrated the superior generalization performance and efficiency of the OSPVM.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Budgeted training"

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Qaadan, Sahar [Verfasser], Tobias [Gutachter] Glasmachers, and Laurenz [Gutachter] Wiskott. "Budgeted stochastic coordinate ascent for large-scale kernelized dual support vector machine training / Sahar Qaadan ; Gutachter: Tobias Glasmachers, Laurenz Wiskott ; Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1202608981/34.

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Qa'adan, Sahar [Verfasser], Tobias [Gutachter] Glasmachers, and Laurenz [Gutachter] Wiskott. "Budgeted stochastic coordinate ascent for large-scale kernelized dual support vector machine training / Sahar Qaadan ; Gutachter: Tobias Glasmachers, Laurenz Wiskott ; Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1202608981/34.

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Wright, David Kendall. "Budget analyst training in Navy type commands." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25720.

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Hrdinová, Jitka. "Marketingová strategie společnosti Best Consulting Training, s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74631.

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The graduation thesis is concerned in the marketing strategy of a small company Best Consulting & Training, s.r.o. situated in Benešov. The company provides services in field of the welding's education. There is a problem regarding a lack of customers. In the graduation thesis is analysed the business environment and internal situation of the company. In the final part of thesis are proposed chosen marketing strategy, possibilities regarding improving the company's offer and marketing budget for the future five years.
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Gwaltney, Richard T. "Resident Assistant Training Programs at Member Schools of the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright979162215.

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Brannen, Josh Caleb. "Implications and recommendations for online physical education at secondary level." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3324.

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The purpose of this project is to examine how online physical education courses impact student learning and achievement of fitness and health standards now that budget cuts are leading to the curtailing or elimination of traditional physical education classes at the secondary level of K-12 education.
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Eklin, Timothy Michael. "Powerlessness within a Budget-Driven Paradigm: A Grounded Theory Leadership Study from the Perspective of Michigan Corrections Officers." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1423490696.

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Burns, Paul A. (Paul Andrew) 1941. "A Study of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 and the Amendments of 1989 and 1990. Mandatory Education for Nursing Assistants and Their Effect on Job Performance in Two Counties in Florida." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278836/.

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The purpose of this study was to focus on the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 and the amendments of 1989 and 1990. Nursing assistants were placed in cluster groups of 300-hours, 120-hours, and 0-hours. Each subject's job performance of nursing care was observed using the Francis's Task Performance Rating Scale. The purpose of the analysis was to determine (1) if there was a significant difference in job performance of patient care between program completers and the challengers, (2) if there was a significant difference in the job performance of patient care between 300-hour and 120-hour, and (3) if there was a significant difference between the content required in OBRA mandated nursing assistant programs and actual job performance skills needed in patient care. It was determined that program completers' job performance of patient care was significantly different from the challengers.
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Smith, Rebecca Jane. "Facilities Management: How Public Leadership is Responding to Crisis." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7089.

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This research presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative investigation to understand the challenges of public sector facilities management and maintenance to include the negative impact of deferred maintenance, it’s history, the current industry practices and the potential to reverse the negative impact of the current trend. History has been known to speak loudly, and with accuracy relative to the expansion of public facilities and the challenge to maintain them. The challenge to keep pace with the growing population and the ever-changing requirements for contemporary designs are felt in every sector of our public facilities. Regardless, we, the public trust that those responsible are managing these assets effectively and efficiently. Research indicates that this doesn’t appear to be the case. This study serves as a measurement against the historical performance of public facilities management practice. There have been decades of growth in public assets. During that time, innovation within operational practice and technology offer new opportunities for organizations to address issues of efficiency that translate directly in a measure of effectiveness. Given the continued outcry for additional funding, it seems that there are challenges that continue to exist despite the innovation offered. This study focuses on those challenges. Further analysis, based on successful models of public facilities management, provides insights as to what practices, if adopted, may drive the lesser achieving programs toward greater effectiveness. This paper also includes the results of a study that focuses on the current practices of public facilities management programs. The intent is to identify elements that either support or detract from efficiently operated, effective facilities departments. Given the nature of this industry, both objective and subjective elements were addressed. Objectively the organizational hierarchy and the associated communications pathways were identified. Subjectively, the lifecycle of the facilities mission was dissected and discussed throughout an interview process. Fifteen specified data points were addressed, which included questions related to accountability, effective communication, data driven program development, allocation of resources, documentation of work performed, continuous training and education and the use of technology. In order to reverse the declining momentum, we must first identify the most common areas that challenge facilities managers and understand how they currently address those challenges. This research will address the following questions: What do facilities managers perceive to be the greatest obstacles to ensuring their facilities are properly maintained? What factors do facilities mangers perceive to be the greatest challenge to ensuring sufficient resources are allocated to current maintenance? To what degree do facilities managers perceive that more effective communications would positively impact the effectiveness of facilities management and maintenance. The results of this research presents a comprehensive understanding of the challenges that face public sector facilities leadership teams, the history and creation of excessive deferred maintenance and finally, future opportunities that identifies best practices and presents an artifact that reflects a means to resolve those deficiencies identified within the current facilities management environment.
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Malz, Angela. "Jahresbericht 2019 / Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2021. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73845.

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Books on the topic "Budgeted training"

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Office, General Accounting. Army training: One-third of 1993 and 1994 budgeted funds were used for other purposes : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Training budgets: Agency budget reductions in response to the Balanced Budget Act : briefing report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Training budgets: Agency budget reductions in response to the Balanced Budget Act : briefing report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Lordeman, Ann. Job training legislation and budget issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1993.

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Wright, David Kendall. Budget analyst training in Navy type commands. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Jordan, K. Forbis. Teacher training and improvement: FY88 budget proposal. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Major Issues System, 1987.

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Ovando, Natascha M. L. Federal funding under the Job Training Reform Bill: An analysis of the 1992 Amendments to the Job Training Partnership Act : special report. Arlington, VA: GIS, Government Information Services, 1992.

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Vagin, Vladimir, Milyausha Pinskaya, Nadezhda Gavrilova, and Natal'ya Shapovalova. Taxes of citizens in initiative budgeting. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816637.

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The monograph is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the productivity of the methodology of initiative budgeting in relation to taxation. The ways of involving citizens in public administration and budget decisions formed in Russian and foreign studies are revealed. It is shown that one of the promising practices of initiative budgeting can be the participation of citizens in decisions on the direction of part of the expenditures of local budgets for co-financing projects of initiative budgeting. It is revealed that additional positive effects arise in the form of increased motivation for collecting local taxes and fees and an overall increase in the volume of revenues from local taxes and fees. Thus, there is a productive integration of the methodology of initiative budgeting and tax policy at the local level. It is addressed to economists, lawyers, managers, managers and specialists of federal public authorities, as well as teachers, graduate students and students of economic and law universities and faculties, students of the advanced training system.
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Lordeman, Ann. Job training and partnership act: Legislation and budget issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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Training budgets step-by-step: A complete guide to planning and budgeting training and development projects. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Imprint, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Budgeted training"

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Glasmachers, Tobias, and Sahar Qaadan. "Speeding Up Budgeted Stochastic Gradient Descent SVM Training with Precomputed Golden Section Search." In Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science, 329–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13709-0_28.

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Qaadan, Sahar, Abhijeet Pendyala, Merlin Schüler, and Tobias Glasmachers. "Online Budgeted Stochastic Coordinate Ascent for Large-Scale Kernelized Dual Support Vector Machine Training." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 23–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40014-9_2.

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Yuan, Shuai, Xian Sun, Hannah Kim, Shuzhi Yu, and Carlo Tomasi. "Optical Flow Training Under Limited Label Budget via Active Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 410–27. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20047-2_24.

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Thomas, Andre, Yun Li, Christine L. Kaunas, Marty Newcomb, Gerard E. Carrino, Lori D. Greenwood, Patrick D. St. Louis, LeRoy A. Marklund, Nephy G. Samuel, and Hector O. Chapa. "Implementation of a Digital Live-Action Gaming Experience for Interprofessional Learning and Training." In Global Perspectives on Educational Innovations for Emergency Situations, 199–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_20.

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AbstractInterprofessional education is required by all athletic training, medical, pharmacy, nursing, and public health students at Texas A&M University. One such opportunity for collaborative training has been Disaster Day, the nation’s largest student-led interprofessional emergency response simulation. This annual training of 500–800 students takes place on a single day, in two 4-h sessions, at a designated site on campus. Due to COVID-19, the simulation could not be offered in-person in 2020, so the organizers looked for alternative solutions. We opted to use digital games, which have been proposed and used for formal and informal education for several years. While there have been games specifically developed for interprofessional training, none of those games were readily available for use by other institutions, nor is their focus on disaster response. In this chapter, we provide a detailed analysis of how an interdisciplinary team of health professions educators and game designers met interprofessional learning requirements while maintaining student engagement. Lessons from an abbreviated schedule and limited budget will be discussed. The approach incorporated different technologies and tools that are readily available. We will discuss pitfalls, assumptions, and full implementation of our approach. This will allow others to replicate our method and create similar highly engaging learning experiences for remote and online learning.
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Kuusipalo, Paula, Hanna Toiviainen, and Pirkko Pitkänen. "Adult Education as a Means to Social Inclusion in Nordic Welfare States: Denmark, Finland and Sweden." In Young Adults and Active Citizenship, 103–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65002-5_6.

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AbstractDenmark, Sweden and Finland are Nordic welfare states that historically have put a high value on both basic and adult education. Citizens should have equal opportunities to participate in education and society. Adult education has been a topical means to include citizens in active societal participation. This has been realised by providing special support for those in need. Currently, the dominance of neo-liberal market economies has challenged this educational ideology, and adult education has increasingly become reduced to only one of its functions, that of employability. Besides formal education, even informal learning has been harnessed for developing and maintaining work-related skills. Budget cuts have affected adult education while resources have increased on guidance and counselling, transition from basic to upper secondary education, education for the low-skilled and continuing training for workforce. Drawing on the history and present challenges this chapter discusses the possibilities to strengthen social inclusion through adult education. In the focus are groups that are at risk of staying outside the education society. The consequences of unfinished basic education and recently the educational needs of migrants and asylum seekers have revealed the largely unattended challenges of young adults and the vulnerability involved in comparison to the relatively high educated mainstream population. Our research focusing on social inclusion of vulnerable groups through differentiated support activities provides space to discuss, how adult education may regain its leading role in enhancing equal opportunities towards active political, social and economic participation in the Nordic societies.
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Daly, Anne. "The Diffusion of New Technologies." In Information Technology and Indigenous People, 272–85. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-298-5.ch036.

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This chapter presents data from the 2001 Census of Population and Housing to highlight the low levels of computer and Internet usage by indigenous Australians. This result is not surprising, given the well-documented connection between education, income, location of residence and use of these technologies. One possible way of addressing the digital divide between capital city dwellers and other Australians is through the development of community online access centres. Using evidence from the literature and from fieldwork in New South Wales, the chapter considers some factors that are likely to make these centres more successful. These include a strong commitment by the community to the development of a centre and a close integration of the centre with community activities. It is important that significant funds be budgeted to training for all involved including centre staff and community members.
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Daly, Anne. "The Diffusion of New Technologies." In Global Information Technologies, 1895–923. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch137.

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This chapter presents data from the 2001 Census of Population and Housing to highlight the low levels of computer and Internet usage by indigenous Australians. This result is not surprising, given the well-documented connection between education, income, location of residence and use of these technologies. One possible way of addressing the digital divide between capital city dwellers and other Australians is through the development of community online access centres. Using evidence from the literature and from fieldwork in New South Wales, the chapter considers some factors that are likely to make these centres more successful. These include a strong commitment by the community to the development of a centre and a close integration of the centre with community activities. It is important that significant funds be budgeted to training for all involved including centre staff and community members.
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"Budgets." In Staff Training, 130–37. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315211206-12.

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Jana, Sebak Kumar, Asim Kumar Karmakar, and Adwaita Maiti. "Military Expenditure in India." In Handbook of Research on Military Expenditure on Economic and Political Resources, 367–81. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4778-5.ch019.

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The debate regarding the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth especially in the context of developing countries is an old one. There is apparent conflict within government budgets between education expenditure and military expenditure. The military budget of the India is that part of budget allocated for the funding of the Indian armed forces. This military budget finances salaries of employees and training costs, maintenance of equipment and facilities, support of new or ongoing operations, development and procurement of new weapons, equipment, vehicles, etc. The chapter explores the relationship among GDP, military expenditure, and education expenditure in India. The time series analysis reveals that there is long-run causality running from education expenditure and military expenditure to GDP. The study also reveals that there is short run causality running from military expenditure to GDP.
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"Game 51 Budget Builder - Budgeting for the next financial year." In Financial Games for Training, 180–84. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351158244-61.

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Conference papers on the topic "Budgeted training"

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Qaadan, Sahar, Merlin Schüler, and Tobias Glasmachers. "Dual SVM Training on a Budget." In 8th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007346400940106.

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Smith, Jacqueline. "Learning-focused TA Training on a Budget." In WCCCE '19: Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3314994.3325091.

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"Analysis of Real Estate Budget Management from Multi-Project Perspective." In 2018 4th International Conference on Education & Training, Management and Humanities Science. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/etmhs.2018.29047.

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Hubens, Nathan, Matei Mancas, Bernard Gosselin, Marius Preda, and Titus Zaharia. "One-Cycle Pruning: Pruning Convnets With Tight Training Budget." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897980.

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Guler, Evrim, Suleyman Uludag, Murat Karakus, and Stephen W. Turner. "Virtualized lab infrastructure on a budget for various computing and engineering courses." In 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ithet.2012.6246028.

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Liu, Hongbin, Jinyuan Jia, and Neil Zhenqiang Gong. "On the Intrinsic Differential Privacy of Bagging." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/376.

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Differentially private machine learning trains models while protecting privacy of the sensitive training data. The key to obtain differentially private models is to introduce noise/randomness to the training process. In particular, existing differentially private machine learning methods add noise to the training data, the gradients, the loss function, and/or the model itself. Bagging, a popular ensemble learning framework, randomly creates some subsamples of the training data, trains a base model for each subsample using a base learner, and takes majority vote among the base models when making predictions. Bagging has intrinsic randomness in the training process as it randomly creates subsamples. Our major theoretical results show that such intrinsic randomness already makes Bagging differentially private without the needs of additional noise. Moreover, we prove that if no assumptions about the base learner are made, our derived privacy guarantees are tight. We empirically evaluate Bagging on MNIST and CIFAR10. Our experimental results demonstrate that Bagging achieves significantly higher accuracies than state-of-the-art differentially private machine learning methods with the same privacy budgets.
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Klofsten, Magnus, and Luigi Serio. "European university-based entrepreneurship training programmes: Best practices." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268577933.

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The aim of this paper is through a qualitative study to determine how efficient academic entrepreneurship training occurs in an academic environment and how these programmes are structured and organised. Data from 20 different university training programmes at 12 European countries were analysed. We used a check-list to gather information on these items: Promoter, programmes, target groups, key objectives and contents, actors involved, timing and budget, funding structure, staff involved, and support services. Data were collected via interviews with project managers and people in leading positions in the training organisations; secondary data such as documentation, strategic plans, brochures, and evaluation reports were also collected. Among other things, the results show that entrepreneurship training usually occurs in cooperation with regional actors, that the main targets are graduate and post-graduate students, and that they are financed by various resources – mostly of public origin. There seems to be no one best way of organising entrepreneurship training programmes. Major implications of this study are to address clear training objectives and to base the content of programmes on specific characteristics of the local or regional environment. It is also important (i) to anchor the initiative in the university curriculum and (ii) to set up a networking group of regional actors to facilitate creation of the entrepreneurship process.
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Lan, Li-Cheng, Wei Li, Ting-Han Wei, and I.-Chen Wu. "Multiple Policy Value Monte Carlo Tree Search." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/653.

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Many of the strongest game playing programs use a combination of Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) and deep neural networks (DNN), where the DNNs are used as policy or value evaluators. Given a limited budget, such as online playing or during the self-play phase of AlphaZero (AZ) training, a balance needs to be reached between accurate state estimation and more MCTS simulations, both of which are critical for a strong game playing agent. Typically, larger DNNs are better at generalization and accurate evaluation, while smaller DNNs are less costly, and therefore can lead to more MCTS simulations and bigger search trees with the same budget. This paper introduces a new method called the multiple policy value MCTS (MPV-MCTS), which combines multiple policy value neural networks (PV-NNs) of various sizes to retain advantages of each network, where two PV-NNs f_S and f_L are used in this paper. We show through experiments on the game NoGo that a combined f_S and f_L MPV-MCTS outperforms single PV-NN with policy value MCTS, called PV-MCTS. Additionally, MPV-MCTS also outperforms PV-MCTS for AZ training.
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Lauer, Ethan A., James Maxwell, Gillian Cohen, Christopher Rene, Olivia Kiritsis, and Pradeep Radhakrishnan. "Humanoid Animatronic Learning Simulator for Medical Interactive Training (H.A.L. S.M.I.T.)." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69620.

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Abstract Medical training using manikins is becoming more prominent as it provides a highly realistic and beneficial training experience. But, the technology is expensive for low-budget medical programs, and manikins have limited capacity for complex tasks. This project has attempted to address such gaps by beginning the development of a 3D printed head and neck animatronic prototype, capable of performing complex simulations. The target simulations for the manikin included airway management, level of consciousness testing, and circulatory assessment. Major facial features were designed so that the mechanical systems could exhibit anthropomorphic characteristics. Sensors were integrated into the design, allowing the animatronic to detect and react to changes in the surrounding environment. The subsystems were constructed and tested, however, challenges were faced during full assembly. Despite these challenges, the design demonstrates the potential for a similar application in the medical field.
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Zhao, Ruizhe, Brian Vogel, Tanvir Ahmed, and Wayne Luk. "Reducing Underflow in Mixed Precision Training by Gradient Scaling." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/404.

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By leveraging the half-precision floating-point format (FP16) well supported by recent GPUs, mixed precision training (MPT) enables us to train larger models under the same or even smaller budget. However, due to the limited representation range of FP16, gradients can often experience severe underflow problems that hinder backpropagation and degrade model accuracy. MPT adopts loss scaling, which scales up the loss value just before backpropagation starts, to mitigate underflow by enlarging the magnitude of gradients. Unfortunately, scaling once is insufficient: gradients from distinct layers can each have different data distributions and require non-uniform scaling. Heuristics and hyperparameter tuning are needed to minimize these side-effects on loss scaling. We propose gradient scaling, a novel method that analytically calculates the appropriate scale for each gradient on-the-fly. It addresses underflow effectively without numerical problems like overflow and the need for tedious hyperparameter tuning. Experiments on a variety of networks and tasks show that gradient scaling can improve accuracy and reduce overall training effort compared with the state-of-the-art MPT.
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Reports on the topic "Budgeted training"

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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.

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A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.
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DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC. Department of the Navy Justification of Estimates. FY 1994 Budget Estimates Submitted to Congress April 1993. Operation and Maintenance, Navy. Budget Activity 1: Operating Forces, Budget Activity 2: Mobilization, Budget Activity 3: Training and Recruiting, Budget 4: Administration Servicewide Activities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266056.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC. Department of the Navy Amended FY 1992/FY 1993 Biennial Budget Estimates: Justification of Estimates Submitted to Congress January 1992: Operation and Maintenance, Navy. Book 3. Budget Activity 8: Training, Medical and Other General Personnel Activities. Budget Activity 9: Administration and Associated Activities. Budget Activity 10: Support of Other Nations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250411.

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Matera, Carola. Incorporating Scaffolded Dialogic Reading Practice in Teacher Training: An Opportunity to Improve Instruction for Young Dual Language Learners in Transitional Kindergarten. Loyola Marymount University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.4.

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Findings from a joint collaborative between the Center for Equity for English Learners (CEEL) at Loyola Marymount University and the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) to provide professional development and coaching to Transitional Kindergarten (TK) teachers on the Scaffolded Dialogic Reading (SDR) are presented in this policy brief. SDR is a method to enhance language skills through dialogue and research-based scaffolds between teachers and small groups of children mediated through repeated readings of storybooks. The purpose of this brief is to: 1) state the opportunity to ensure Dual Language Learner (DLL) support within California’s TK policy; 2) provide a synthesis of research findings; and 3) provide TK professional learning and policy recommendations that would allow for the inclusion of professional development on evidence-based practices purposefully integrated with DLL supports. Policy recommendations include: 1) utilize professional learning modules such as SDR in 24 ECE unit requirement for TK teachers; 2) include individuals with ECE and DLL expertise in the ECE Teacher Preparation Advisory Panel; and 3) allocate additional funds in the state budget for training on SDR, in-classroom support for TK teachers of DLLs, and evaluation of these efforts.
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Osadchyi, Viacheslav V., Hanna B. Varina, Kateryna P. Osadcha, Olha V. Kovalova, Valentyna V. Voloshyna, Oleksii V. Sysoiev, and Mariya P. Shyshkina. The use of augmented reality technologies in the development of emotional intelligence of future specialists of socionomic professions under the conditions of adaptive learning. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4633.

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In modern conditions, innovative augmented reality technologies are actively developing, which are widespread in many areas of human activity. Introduction of advanced developments in the process of professional training of future specialists of socionomic professions in the conditions of adaptive training, contributes to the implementation of the principles of a personalized approach and increase the overall level of competitiveness. The relevant scientific article is devoted to the theoretical and empirical analysis result of conducting a psychodiagnostic study on an innovative computer complex HC-psychotest. of the features of the implementation of augmented reality technologies in the construct of traditional psychological and pedagogical support aimed at the development of emotional intelligence of the future specialist. The interdisciplinary approach was used while carrying out the research work at the expense of the general fund of the state budget: “Adaptive system for individualization and personalization of professional training of future specialists in the conditions of blended learning”. A comprehensive study of the implementation of traditional psychological-pedagogical and innovative augmented reality technologies was conducted in the framework of scientific cooperation of STEAM-Laboratory, Laboratory of Psychophysiological Research and Laboratory of Psychology of Health in Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University. The theoretical analysis considers the structural model of emotional intelligence of the future specialist of socionomic professions, which is represented by two structural components: intrapersonal construct of emotional intelligence and interpersonal construct of emotional intelligence. Each component mediates the inherent emotional intelligence of interpretive, regulatory, adaptive, stress-protective and activating functions. The algorithm of the empirical block of research is presented by two stages: ascertaining and forming research. According to the results of the statement, low indicators were found on most scales, reflecting the general level of emotional intelligence development of future specialists, actualizing the need to find and implement effective measures for the development of emotional intelligence components in modern higher education and taking into account information development and digitalization. As part of the formative stage of the research implementation, a comprehensive program “Development of emotional intelligence of future professionals” was tested, which integrated traditional psychological and pedagogical technologies and innovative augmented reality technologies. This program is designed for 24 hours, 6 thematic classes of 4 hours. According to the results of a comprehensive ascertaining and shaping research, the effectiveness of the influence of augmented reality technologies on the general index of emotional intelligence is proved. The step-by-step model of integration of augmented reality components influencing the ability to analyze, understand and regulate emotional states into a complex program of emotional intelligence development is demonstrated. According to the results of the formative study, there is a dominance of high indicators of the following components: intrapersonal (50%), interpersonal (53.3%). Thus, we can say that intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional intelligence together involve the actualization of various cognitive processes and skills, and are related to each other. Empirical data were obtained as a
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Chapelet, Pierre. Analysis of the Education Management and Information System of Jamaica: Diagnosis and Proposal for Strengthening the EMIS. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004619.

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This document analyzes the functioning of the Education Management and Information System (EMIS) of Jamaica, its strengths and challenges related to the key management processes and structural conditions. A survey methodology was used for the analysis of the six key management processes - (i) Physical infrastructure and equipment; (ii) Schools1; (iii) Human resources, budget and finance; (iv) Students and learning; (v) Digital content for teacher training and students learning; and (vi) Tools for strategic management - and the two structural conditions - (i) Technological infrastructure and (ii) Governance and institutional arrangements. There are several main findings. In terms of strengths, the analysis shows that the processes of human, financial and budgetary resources present the highest percentage of subprocesses in the Established level and that technological infrastructure pre-requisites are in place to sustain the improvement of the EMIS. However, EMIS sub-systems are dispersed and poorly integrated and are not covering all the needs of management processes related to the EMIS. The Ministry of Education and Youth and Information (MOEYI) also has an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and realistic strategic plan for the implementation of its EMIS and to ensure the initial and recurrent funding associated with it. Nor is there a change management plan at the MOEYI to support the evolution of the EMIS at all levels. Overall, the MOEYI is at a critical stage of its EMIS transition from a census based EMIS to a transactional information system able to track real-time information about each student, teaching and non-teaching workforce, school infrastructure and assets. This paper outlines a strengthening proposal.
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