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Korb, Susanne. "Gender Budget." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15880.
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Das internationale Konzept Gender Budget wurde entwickelt als Strategie zur Herstellung von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in und mit öffentlichen Haushalten. Seine Wurzeln liegen in der internationalen Entwicklungspolitik ebenso wie in der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung. Als finanzpolitische Komponente des universalen Programmes Gender Main-streaming erzielte es seinen öffentlichen Durchbruch seit der 4. Weltfrauen-konferenz 1995 in Peking. Die Europäische Union hat sich das Gedankengut zu eigen gemacht, in ihren Verträgen und Richtlinien juristisch festgeschrieben und somit den Mitgliedsstaaten zur Realisierung aufgetragen. In Deutschland erfolgt die Implementierung bisher eher punktuell und dilatorisch, so dass das Konzept auch Jahre nach seiner Entstehung nur wenige praktische Beispiele hervorgebracht hat. Hierunter befinden sich auf der operativen Ebene bereits einige Öffentliche Bibliotheken. Diesen mangelt es nicht an Erfahrung mit Reformprozessen – vom Wandel des Medienmarktes bis hin zu den Verwaltungsreformen. Bibliotheken erheben traditionell umfangreiches Datenmaterial und sind geübt im Umgang mit den Erfordernissen von Frauenarbeitsplätzen. Auf dieser Grundlage erweisen sich die Öffentlichen Bibliotheken als geeigneter Gegenstand für die Untersuchung von Bedeutung und prospektiven Auswirkungen des neuen Konzeptes. Nutzerschaft und Personal werden einer Gender-Analyse unterzogen und die Ansatzpunkte für künftige Gender Budgets explizit herausgearbeitet. Deutlich sichtbar wird hierdurch der Handlungsbedarf, der zu geschlechtergerechten Reformen führen soll. Der methodische Gender Budgeting-Prozess bedarf der Initiierung durch Politik und Verwaltungsspitze, um als Top-down-Prozess mit der erforderlichen Nachdrücklich-keit wirksam zu werden. Und er benötigt umfassenderes Datenmaterial aus allen Verwaltungsabteilungen zur Herstellung von Transparenz und zur gendergerechten Verteilung der Finanzmittel innerhalb des kommunalen Haushaltes.The international concept of gender budget has been developed as a strategy to create gender equality for and with public funds. It is rooted in the international development policy as well as in gender studies. As a financial policy component of the universal programme of gender main-streaming it has had its public break-through since the 4th international women’s conference in Beijing in 1995. The European Union has adopted the ideas and stipulated them in its contracts and guidelines and, thus, entrusted the member states to put them into practise. In Germany, the implementation has been effected so far only in some places and in a dilatory way so that the concept has produced only few practical examples even years after its creation. Among these, there are already some public libraries on the level of operation. They are not lacking in experience with reform processes – from the change of the media market to the administrative reforms. Libraries traditionally gather comprehensive data material and are used to handling requirements regarding women’s workplaces. On this basis, the public libraries are a suitable subject as to the examination of the significance and prospective impacts of the concept. The users and the personnel are subject to a gender analysis and the starting points for future gender budgets are elaborated explicitly. Thereby, the need for action which shall lead to reforms regarding gender equality becomes clearly visible. The methodical gender budgeting process must be initiated by politics and the administrative management in order to become effective as a top-down process with the necessary emphasis. Moreover, it requires more extensive data material from all the administrative departments in order to create transparency and to allocate the funds of the communal budget in consideration of gender equality.
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Moore, Kathy Reading. "Budget reform and the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26403.
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Vanscoy, Jonathan E. "Congress and the Navy Budget the impact of the budget process on the FY 1990 Navy Program Budget /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA241740.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Doyle, Richard. Second Reader: Jones, Lawrence. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 30, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Warfare, Department Of Defense, Drugs, Theses, Budgets, Congress, Navy. DTIC Identifier(s): Naval Budgets, Congress, Department Of Defense, Byrd Amendment, Gramm Rudman Hollings Bill, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: FY 1990 Budget, Budget Process, Navy Budget, Budget. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-58). Also available in print.
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Scarpa, Joseph. "An analysis of the correlation between budget assertiveness and budget success." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22881.
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Wenkai, Wang. "COMPARISON OF BUDGET BORROWING AND BUDGET ADAPTATION IN HIERARCHICAL SCHEDULING FRAMEWORK." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-31091.
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System virtualization technology is widely used in computing nowadays. In embedded domain, it is used as a solution to resource sharing among independent applications. One of the areas is to apply virtualization technique to real-time embedded systems with timing constraints. Multi-level adaptive hierarchical scheduling (AdHierSched) framework is a virtualized real-time framework, which runs in the Linux operating system. is virtualized framework has ability to adapt the CPU partition sizes according to their need through monitoring their demand during run-time, which yields more appropriate processor assignment. However, the performance of the virtualized framework is still unknown when the budget borrowing mechanism is enabled. To this end, in this thesis, we explore a new direction for performing the adaptation of CPU partition. We design and implement a budget borrowing mechanism for dynamic adaptation of resource parameters in AdHierSched framework. Extensive simulations are performed in this thesis, which are used to study and compare dierent adaptation mechanisms with our approach. From the results of experiments, we conclude that when the framework works only with budget borrowing controller, the results are not as good as only running a budget controller in the AdHierSched framework. However, while running both of the controllers at the same time, the experiments results are good enough. We also analyze the overhead of the framework at the end of the evaluation. Finally, we conclude the thesis by presenting the possible future work.
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Raghunathan, Jayanthi. "Budget Your Carbon Emissions : Interactive visualisation of an individual’s carbon budget." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299937.
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Climate change is now more of a reality than ever. Carbon budget provides an upper limit on the amount of carbon that can be emitted, for the earth to be within an accepted temperature rise. People are aware that eating less meat, flying less and reducing product consumption would decrease their emission, but they are not sure on how much less. Existing studies show that people are quite willing to accept the concept of carbon budget but there is no tool that visualises this information at an individual level. This study investigated the features that must be included in a carbon budget tool when visualising an individual’s information to create awareness. An exploratory design approach was used in this study where the design was iteratively developed from user feedback. Four preliminary designs were first developed and discussed in a focus group. With the feedback from the focus group, one design was finalised and redesigned as a carbon budget tool. This was tested in a one-on-one user testing where users had to complete tasks using the tool. The study results provided evidence that personalised information, effective text, labels, interactive features, and clear and simple layout are important features that must be included when designing a tool to visualise an individual’s carbon budget. The participants also rated an increase in awareness of carbon budget concept after using the tool.Klimatförändringarna är nu mer verkliga än någonsin. En koldioxidbudget anger en övre gräns för mängden utsläpp av klimatgaser som kan släppas ut för att hålla ökningen av jordens medeltemperaturen inom en acceptabel gräns. Många människor är medvetna om att lägre köttkonsumtion, färre flygresor och en minskad konsumtion av saker skulle minska deras utsläpp, men de är inte säkra på hur mycket varje ändring påverkar utsläppen. Befintliga studier visar att människor accepterar begreppet koldioxidbudget i sig, men det finns idag inga verktyg för att visualisera en koldioxidbudget på individuell nivå. Denna studie undersöker vilka funktioner som behöver ingå i ett verktyg för visualisering av en individuell koldioxidbudget, med syfte att skapa medvetenhet hos användaren. En utforskande designmetod användes där verktygets design utvecklades iterativt med feedback från användare. Först utvecklades fyra preliminära designprototyper som diskuterades i en fokusgrupp. Med feedback från fokusgruppen vidareutvecklades en av prototyperna till en slutgiltig version. Detta testades i en användartestning där användare utförde uppgifter med verktyget. Studieresultaten visade att personlig information, effektiv text, etiketter, interaktiva funktioner och tydlig och enkel layout är viktiga funktioner som måste inkluderas när man utformar ett verktyg för att visualisera en koldioxidbudget för individuell användning. Deltagarna bedömde också att de uppnått en ökad medvetenhet om konceptet koldioxidbudget efter att ha använt verktyget.
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Foster, Tracy A. "Budget Planning, Budget Control, Business Age, and Financial Performance in Small Businesses." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3605.
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Over 390,000 businesses failed in the United States in 2014. The primary cause for most business failures is poor planning, and budgets are a primary means of planning. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine to what extent, if any, budget planning, budget control, and the age of the business significantly predict financial performance in small businesses. The target population consisted of small business leaders in the Midwest. Churchill and Lewis's theory on the relative importance of selected management factors of small businesses through 5 stages of development formed the theoretical framework for this study. Data were collected through a self-developed online survey using existing Likert-scale measures for each variable based on prior research about those variables. A convenience sample of 86 Midwest U.S. small business leaders identified through SurveyMonkey's crowdsourcing pool resulted in 77 participants with useable responses. Standard multiple linear regression determined the extent to which budget planning, budget control, and age of the business predicted the value of financial performance. The model as a whole was able to significantly predict financial performance. The linear combination of predictor variables (budget planning, budget control, and business age) accounted for approximately 12% of the variation in financial performance. Budget planning significantly predicted financial performance, even when budget control and business age were held constant. Better planning using budgets may help leaders improve the financial health of their small businesses, potentially reducing business failures and job losses. Financially strong and healthy small businesses can create jobs and improve the economic health of local communities.
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Farajov, Murad. "Contingent Budget Preference Experiment." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15965.
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An economic literature concerns instruments to improve the preference elicitation methods for the reform-based governmental programs. We construct an instrument for the budget allocation method using a Cobb-Douglas functional form. We apply the instrument to the survey data which is collected for Swedish Recreational Fishing Industry to elicit the preferences for governmental management actions. We analyze the elasticity or weights in the instrument by the binary logit and censored regression models and by comparing the significant estimates by the gross and net effects we get results which increase credence to the instrument we apply.I am heartily thankful to my supervisor, Thomas Laitila, whose guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop the thesis.More, I offer my regards to Anders Lunander who supported me in any respect during the completion of the thesis.
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Müller, Jens [Verfasser]. "Budget-Allokation / Jens Müller." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2002. http://d-nb.info/1014058058/34.
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何民權 and Man-kuen Alexander Ho. "Budget control: communication problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266046.
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Yang, Xuan, and 楊譞. "Budget-limited data disambiguation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196458.
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The problem of data ambiguity exists in a wide range of applications. In this thesis, we study “cost-aware" methods to alleviate the data ambiguity problems in uncertain databases and social-tagging data.
In database applications, ambiguous (or uncertain) data may originate from data integration and measurement error of devices. These ambiguous data are maintained by uncertain databases. In many situations, it is possible to “clean", or remove, ambiguities from these databases. For example, the GPS location of a user is inexact due to measurement error, but context information (e.g., what a user is doing) can be used to reduce the imprecision of the location value. In practice, a cleaning activity often involves a cost, may fail and may not remove all ambiguities. Moreover, the statistical information about how likely database entities can be cleaned may not be precisely known. We model the above aspects with the uncertain database cleaning problem, which requires us to make sensible decisions in selecting entities to clean in order to maximize the amount of ambiguous information removed under a limited budget. To solve this problem, we propose the Explore-Exploit (or EE) algorithm, which gathers valuable information during the cleaning process to determine how the remaining cleaning budget should be invested. We also study how to fine-tune the parameters of EE in order to achieve optimal cleaning effectiveness.
Social tagging data capture web users' textual annotations, called tags, for resources (e.g., webpages and photos). Since tags are given by casual users, they often contain noise (e.g., misspelled words) and may not be able to cover all the aspects of each resource. In this thesis, we design a metric to systematically measure the tagging quality of each resource based on the tags it has received. We propose an incentive-based tagging framework in order to improve the tagging quality. The main idea is to award users some incentive for giving (relevant) tags to resources. The challenge is, how should we allocate incentives to a large set of resources, so as to maximize the improvement of their tagging quality under a limited budget? To solve this problem, we propose a few efficient incentive allocation strategies. Experiments shows that our best strategy provides resources with a close-to-optimal gain in tagging quality.
To summarize, we study the problem of budget-limited data disambiguation for uncertain databases and social tagging data | given a set of objects (entities from uncertain databases or web resources), how can we make sensible decisions about which object to \disambiguate" (to perform a cleaning activity on the entity or ask a user to tag the resource), in order to maximize the amount of ambiguous information reduced under a limited budget.published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Michori, Peter K. "Nitrogen budget under coffee." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333405.
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Le, Guern Hervé. "La Direction du budget." Lille : A.N.R.T, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361055677.
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Ho, Man-kuen Alexander. "Budget control : communication problems /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787925.
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Reed, James E. "Budget preparation, execution and methods at the major claimant/budget submitting office level." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FReed.pdf.
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Labouret, Victor. "Du rôle de la signification du contrôle de gestion dans la performance de l'entreprise : le cas de la signification du budget, trois hypothèses : le budget rationnel, le budget processus, le budget politique." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHEC0085.
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West, Stephen G. Doyle Richard B. "An analysis of the role of the budget committees in the Congressional budget process." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1991. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246005.
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West, Stephen G. "An analysis of the role of the budget committees in the Congressional budget process." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27980.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Congress assumed a more active role in the federal budget process with the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (CBA), legislation which created the House and Senate Budget Committees. during the first years of the CBA, these committees were effective in establishing the budget process. In 1981, they contributed to a dramatic shift in fiscal policy. Consequently, the budget process assumed a magnitude which was beyond the purview of a single set of committees. The remainder of decade was dominated by large coalitions of budget summits, obscuring the role of the Budget Committees. In the mid-1980's, concern over the deficit shifted the focus of the budget process further from the budget Committees. Gramm-Rudman-Hollings legislated deficit totals and instituted the sequester to cut spending when Congress could not. The most recent revision of the budget process is the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (BEA), which further displaces the Budget Committees. Past trends suggest the BEA will be superseded by legislation which may further diminish the role of the Budget Committees
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Tolworthy, Joseph Harold. "A Water Budget and Solute Flux Budget for Waimea River Watershed, Kauai, HI, U.S.A." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8779.
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Waimea Canyon is a deep V-shaped canyon on the island of Kauai, Hawaii in which the Waimea River and its tributaries flow. The shape and size of the canyon are noteworthy and unusual compared to its contemporary canyons on the Hawaiian Islands which are usually U-shaped or flat bottomed. This could be because there is significantly more physical erosion in Waimea Canyon compared to others. A water budget was created using ArcGIS Pro and data from the University of Hawaii’s rainfall and evapotranspiration atlases, as well as from the United States Geological Survey’s stream gage data. A mass flux was estimated using ArcGIS pro by creating a paleosurface from the ridge points and then finding the mass difference between todays watershed and the watershed with the paleosurface. Weathering reactions were made to model the processes in the watershed. The reactants were found from using oxide percentages of Kauai basalts and inputting them into MELTs to estimate mineralogy. The products were found by analysis of soil and water samples in the area of the Canyon. In the Waimea River watershed approximately 159 t/km2 /yr is removed, of which 56% is by physical erosion. This was compared to the V-shaped Makaweli river watershed where approximately 12% is removed by physical erosion and in the U-shaped Hanalei watershed ≈ 68% is removed. While these differences could be explained by vegetation cover, precipitation, and slope steepness it shows that there is not more physical erosion in Waimea Canyon compared to the others. Thus, the origin of the V-shape of Waimea Canyon remains unexplained.
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Workman, James C., and Ricky L. Williamson. "Budget reduction in the Navy." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27706.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This thesis attempts to document and analyze budget and program reductions made by the Navy for fiscal years 1990, 1991 and beyond. Current and historical budget data were obtained from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Comptroller of the Navy and organized to permit analysis of budget trends employing several models of cutback budgeting. The thesis examines the following budgetary issues: (1) the trends and impact of budget cuts on DODDON appropriation accounts; (2) projected DODDON budget alternatives for FY 1992 through FY 1997; (3) the effect budget reductions have on the DODDON budgeting relative to criteria developed from two theoretical models of fiscal reduction methodology.
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Aworinde, Olalekan B. "Budget deficits and economic performance." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629656.
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This thesis examines the effects of budget deficits on the current account imbalance and inflation in African countries. The aims of this thesis are; first, to use higher frequency data. Most studies in African countries use annual data; by contrast we use quarterly data. Second, to examine the dynamic interaction between fiscal deficits and current account imbalances using VAR models. Third, to explore the long-run relationship between the twin deficits, using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) of Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001). Fourth, to assess the long-run relationship between the twin deficits using the threshold autoregressive models of Hansen and Seo (2002). Fifth, to model inflation as being non-linearly related to fiscal deficits using the asymmetric cointegration approach of Enders and Siklos (2001). The second chapter discusses the theoretical framework and review of the empirical literature on twin deficits and fiscal deficits and inflation. We find much evidence in support of the twin deficits hypothesis that increase in government deficits leads to increase in the current account deficits. There is little empirical study on the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis. From the twin deficits literature, we observe that where the twin deficits hypothesis holds there is a high degree of openness and also countries operates a flexible exchange rate. The empirical literature on fiscal deficits and inflation suggests that fiscal deficits are inflationary in high inflation economies and developing countries, but not in low inflation and developed countries. The third chapter examines the time series properties of the series using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, the Phillip-Perron test and the Lee and Strazicich (2003) two-break unit root test. Results for the unit root test reveals that majority of the series are significant in their first differences. By contrast applying the LM two structural break test shows that the majority of the series are significant around two structural breaks. The fourth chapter analyses the twin deficits hypothesis using a VAR model. Results show that a positive government deficit shock increases the current account deficit in Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Morocco, South Africa and Tanzania while the current account improves in response to a positive government deficit shock in Cameroon and Uganda. Also in response to a positive government deficit shock, the current account remains constant in Kenya, Nigeria and Tunisia. The fifth chapter examine the long run relationship between the twin deficits hypothesis accounting for structural breaks using the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model. Results show that the fiscal deficit in the twelve African countries has long run impact on the current account deficit. The sixth chapter examines the relationship between fiscal deficit and current account deficit using the bi-variate threshold cointegration model of Hansen and Seo (2002) for nine countries where the fiscal deficits and current account deficits were significant at first differences. We find evidence of a positive cointegrating relationship between the current account and the fiscal balances for Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria and Tanzania; and a negative cointegrating relationship in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. The seventh chapter examines the long-run relationship between fiscal deficits and inflation in eleven African countries using the TAR and M-TAR models of Enders and Siklos (2001). Results show that fiscal deficits and inflation are asymmetry in Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco and Tanzania. This thesis centres on the twin deficits and fiscal deficits and inflation in African countries. Conclusions from the empirical chapters indicate that large fiscal deficits is the cause of current account deficits, and that fiscal deficits are inflationary. This study further suggests that African countries should spend their resources on projects that will accelerate the level of growth and development.
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Ödman, Stella, and Sofia Lundgren. "Budget och/eller Rullande prognoser?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18918.
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Budgeten har länge kritiserats från olika håll för att budgetprocessen är tid- ochresurskrävande och för att den medför lite mervärde för företag. Dessutom blir budgetensnabbt inaktuell eftersom den inte tar hänsyn till dagens snabba omvärldsförändringar.Trots detta används den idag som ett centralt styr- och uppföljningsverktyg hos mångaföretag runt om i världen. På grund av att budgeten har ifrågasatts har rullande prognosersom ett alternativt styrmedel uppmärksammats mycket. Rullande prognoser ärfördelaktiga när det råder betydande osäkerhet i företagets omgivning och budgetendärför snabbt blir inaktuell. Dock finns det delade meningar om rullande prognoser rollsom styrverktyg. Vissa tycker att rullande prognoser helt borde ersätta budgeten medanandra hävdar att rullande prognoser istället kan fungera som ett komplement till den.Parker Hannifin är ett företag som har gått mot en kombination av budget och rullandeprognoser. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur kombinationen rullandeprognoser och budget används i Parker Hannifin idag. Förståelsen används för attanalysera om rullande prognoser är ett alternativ eller kompletterande verktyg till budgetför Parker.Vi tillämpar följande metoder i vår uppsats: hermeneutisk förhållningssätt, kvalitativmetod, abduktiv ansats och som undersökningsmetod har vi använt oss av en fallstudie.Det empiriska materialet baseras på intervjuer.Slutsatserna av studien visar att både budget och rullande prognoser är nödvändiga ochkompletterande verktyg för företagets styrning. Budget och rullande prognoser var ochen för sig ger inte tillräckligt med information men båda tillsammans bildar ett godtagbartstyrsystem för hela verksamheten. Kombinationen av budget och rullande prognos kanförbättras hos Parker genom att koncentrera budgetprocessen till de mest betydelsefullaposterna, utveckla prognosverktyget samt skapa bättre kommunikation med säljbolagen.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Minnix, Timothy, and Stephen Horan. "TDRSS Link Budget Design Table." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611869.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has issued a Recommendation CCSDS 401.0-B for Radio Frequency and Modulation Systems to be used in Earth stations and spacecraft. Part of this Recommendation is a standardized design tool for link budget computations. This design tool is intended to assist spacecraft designers in preparing the power and performance designs of their spacecraft for communicating with existing standard ground stations. The present CCSDS Recommendation addresses a link design typical for that found with the Deep Space Network (DSN). DSN link analyses use a large subset of link-specific parameters not of any particular use if the space data link passes through the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The link architecture also differs in that the TDRSS parameter set needs to include an extra link through the satellite (two-hop) link versus a DSN-type link which is single-hop. Conversely, the treatment of ranging, PN coding requirements, and TDRSS acquisition and data group formalities are either not of the same format or not present at all on the DSN-type links. The baseline CCSDS 401 design tool is a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that can run on an IBM PC or compatible computer. This baseline spreadsheet has been modified to account for the differences between baseline CCSDS model and TDRSS link operations. The paper will discuss the modifications made to the spreadsheet for the TDRSS system details. We will also present example usages of the spreadsheet.
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Tran-Thanh, Long. "Budget-limited multi-armed bandits." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/337660/.
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Decision making under uncertainty is one of the most important challenges within the research field of artificial intelligence, as they present many everyday situations that agents have to face. Within these situations, an agent has to choose from a set of options, whose payoff is uncertain (i.e. unknown and nondeterministic) to the agent. Common to such decision making problems is the need of balancing between exploration and exploitation, where the agent, in order to maximise its total payoff, must decide whether to choose the option expected to provide the best payoff (exploitation) or to try an alternative option for potential future benefit (exploration). Among many decision under uncertainty abstractions, multi–armed bandits are perhaps one of the most common and best studied, as they present one of the clearest examples of the trade–off between exploration and exploitation. Whilst the standard bandit model has a broad applicability, it does not completely describe a number of real–world decision making problems. Specifically, in many cases, pulling choice of arm (i.e. making a decision)is further constrained by several costs or limitations. In this thesis, we introduce the budget–limited bandit model, a variant of the standard bandits, in which pulling an arm is costly, and is limited by a fixed budget. This model is motivated by a number of real–world applications, such as wireless sensor networks, or online advertisement. We demonstrate that our bandit model cannot be reduced to other existing bandits, as it requires a different optimal behaviour. Given this, the main objective of this thesis is to provide novel pulling algorithms that efficiently tackle the budget–limited bandit problem. Such algorithms, however, have to meet a number of requirements from both the empirical and the theoretical perspectives. The former refers to the constraints desired by the motivations of real–world applications, whilst the latter aims to provide theoretical performance guarantees. To begin with, we propose a simple pulling algorithm, the budget–limited ε–first, that addresses the empirical requirements. In more detail, the budget–limited ε–first algorithm is an empirically efficient algorithm with low computational cost, which, however, does not fulfil the theoretical requirements. To provide theoretical guarantees, we introduce two budget–limited UCB based algorithms, namely: KUBE and fractional KUBE,iv that efficiently tackle the theoretical requirements. In particular, we prove that these algorithms achieve asymptotically optimal performance regret bounds, which only differ from the best optimal bound by a constant factor. However, we demonstrate in extensive simulations that these algorithms are typically outperformed by the budget–limited ε–first. As a result, to efficiently trade off between theoretical and empirical requirements, we develop two decreasing ε–greedy based approaches, namely: KDE and fractional KDE, that achieve good performance from both the theoretical and the empirical perspective. Specifically, we show that, similar to the budget–limited UCB based algorithms, both KDE and fractional KDE achieve asymptotically optimal performance regret bounds. In addition, we also demonstrate that these algorithms perform well, compared to the budget–limited ε first. To provide a grounding for the algorithms we develop, the second part of this thesis contains a running example of a wireless sensor network (WSN) scenario, in which we tackle the problem of long–term information collection, a key research challenge within the domain of WSNs. In more detail, we demonstrate that by using the budget–limited bandit algorithms, we advance the state–of–the–art within this domain. In so doing, we first decompose the problem of long–term information collection into two sub–problems, namely the energy management and the maximal information throughput routing problems. We then tackle the former with a budget–limited multi–armed bandit based approach, and we propose an optimal decentralised algorithm for the latter. Following this, we demonstrate that the budget–limited bandit based energy management, in conjunction with the optimal routing algorithm, outperforms the state–of–the–art information collecting algorithms in the domain of WSNs.
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Chervyak, V. V. "Improvement of local budget filling." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26052.
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Dubey, Anjali. "Climate Change and Hydrological Budget." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1344872352.
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Workman, James C. Williamson Ricky L. "Budget reduction in the Navy." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA243566.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Jones, Lawrence R. Second Reader: McCaffery, Martin J. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Impact, Theory, Budgets, Reduction, Patterns, Naval Operations, Models, Theses. DTIC Identifier(s): Naval Budgets, Public Administration, Trends, Appropriations, Reductions, Department Of Defense, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Budget Reduction, Appropriation Analysis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95). Also available in print.
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Trapeznikov, Kirill. "Machine learning on a budget." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11067.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityIn a typical discriminative learning setting, a set of labeled training examples is given, and the goal is to learn a decision rule that accurately classifies (or labels) unseen test examples. Much of machine learning research has focused on improving accuracy, but more recently costs of learning and decision making are becoming more important. Such costs arise both during training and testing. Labeling data for training is often an expensive process. During testing, acquiring or processing measurements for every decision is also costly. This work deals with two problems: how to reduce the amount of labeled data during training, and how to minimize measurements cost in making decisions during testing, while maintaining system accuracy. The first part falls into an area known as active learning. It deals with the problem of selecting a small subset of examples to label, from a pool of unlabeled data, for training a good classifier. This problem is relevant in many applications where a large collection of unlabeled data is readily available but to label an instance requires using an expensive expert (a radiologist annotating a medical image). We study active learning in the boosting framework. We develop a practical algorithm that labels examples to maximally reduce the space of feasible classifiers. We show that, under certain assumptions, our strategy achieves the generalization error performance of a system trained on the entire data set while only selecting logarithmically many samples to label. In the second part, we study sequential classifiers under budget constraints. In many systems, such as medical diagnosis and homeland security, sensors have varying acquisition costs, and these costs account for delay, throughput or monetary value. While some decisions require all measurements, it is often unnecessary to use every modality to classify every example. So the problem is to learn a system that, for every decision, sequentially selects sensors to meet a measurement budget while minimizing classification error. Initially, we study the case where the sensor order in which measurement are acquired is given. For every instance, our system has to decide whether to seek more measurements from the next sensor or to terminate by classifying based on the available information. We use Bayesian analysis of this problem to construct a novel multi-stage empirical risk objective and directly learn sequential decision functions from training data. We provide practical algorithms for binary and multi-class settings and derive generalization error guarantees. We compare our approach to alternative strategies on real world data. In the last section, we explore a decision system when the order of sensors is no longer fixed. We investigate how to combine ideas from reinforcement and imitation learning with empirical risk minimization to learn a dynamic sensor selection policy.
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Wolf, Sara <1988>. "Il budget delle imprese alberghiere." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1988.
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L’analisi dei costi deve essere costruita con documenti paralleli ed analitici di carattere previsionale. In tal modo incontrerà l’utilità del sistema di controllo gestionale.
Si deve perciò, basare sul sistema di budget, “che impegna tutte le articolazioni organizzative dell’impresa in un’attenta opera di previsione e di programmazione dell’attività svolta da ciascun reparto o area funzionale e dei risultati che da tale attività discendono, in modo da poter poi sistematicamente confrontare, a consuntivo, gli scarti che si determinano tra i valori precalcolati e quelli reali, individuandone i motivi ed i conseguenti provvedimenti correttivi” .
In questo capitolo il sistema di budget verrà analizzato evidenziandone la rilevanza, le funzioni, i vantaggi ed i limiti; in seguito verranno esaminate le varie strutture di budget dell’impresa alberghiera. Ciò costituirà la base del capito finale nel quale un caso reale di un albergo di Jesolo Lido (Venezia) sarà soggetto ad analisi.
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Contardo, Gabriella. "Machine learning under budget constraints." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066203/document.
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Cette thèse propose de s'intéresser au problème de la prédiction en apprentissage statistique sous contrainte de coût, notamment du coût de l'information utilisée par le système de prédiction. Les approches classiques d'apprentissage statistique utilisent généralement le seul aspect de la performance en prédiction pour évaluer la qualité d'un modèle, ignorant le coût potentiel du modèle, par exemple en quantité de données utilisées en apprentissage (nombre d'exemples, nombre d'étiquette, mémoire) ou en inférence (quantité de features -ou caractéristiques-). Nous proposons plus particulièrement dans ce manuscrit plusieurs approches pour l'inférence sous contrainte de coût en terme de caractéristiques. Nous développons trois modèles qui intègrent pendant l'apprentissage une notion du coût de l'information utilisée pour la prédiction, avec pour objectif de contraindre le coût de la prédiction en inférence. Nous présentons un modèle de sélection de features appliqué au démarrage à froid en recommendation, puis deux méthodes adaptatives d'acquisition de caractéristiques, qui permettent un meilleur compromis coût/prédiction, dans un cadre plus général. Nous utilisons des méthodes d'apprentissage de représentations avec des architectures type réseau de neurones récurrents et des algorithmes par descente de gradient pour l'apprentissage. La dernière partie du manuscrit s'intéresse au coût lié aux étiquettes, usuellement dénommé apprentissage actif dans la littérature. Nous présentons nos travaux pour une approche nouvelle de ce problème en utilisant le méta-apprentissage ainsi qu'une première instanciation basée sur des réseaux récurrents bi-directionnelsThis thesis studies the problem of machine learning under budget constraints, in particular we propose to focus on the cost of the information used by the system to predict accurately. Most methods in machine learning usually defines the quality as the performance (e.g accuracy) on the task at hand, but ignores the cost of the model itself: for instance, the number of examples and/or labels needed during learning, the memory used, or the number of features required to predict at test-time. We propose more specifically in this manuscript several methods for cost-sensitive prediction w.r.t. the quantity of features used. We present three models that learn to predict under such constraint, i.e that learn a strategy to gather only the necessary information in order to predict well but with a small cost. The first model is a static approach applied on cold-start recommendation. We then define two adaptive methods that allow for a better trade-off between cost and accuracy, in a more generic setting. We rely on representation learning techniques, along with recurrent neural networks architecture and gradient descent algorithms for learning. In the last part of the thesis, we propose to study the problem of active-learning, where one aims at constraining the amount of labels used to train a model. We present our work for a novel approach of the problem using meta-learning, with an instantiation using bi-directional recurrent neural networks
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Contardo, Gabriella. "Machine learning under budget constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066203.
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Cette thèse propose de s'intéresser au problème de la prédiction en apprentissage statistique sous contrainte de coût, notamment du coût de l'information utilisée par le système de prédiction. Les approches classiques d'apprentissage statistique utilisent généralement le seul aspect de la performance en prédiction pour évaluer la qualité d'un modèle, ignorant le coût potentiel du modèle, par exemple en quantité de données utilisées en apprentissage (nombre d'exemples, nombre d'étiquette, mémoire) ou en inférence (quantité de features -ou caractéristiques-). Nous proposons plus particulièrement dans ce manuscrit plusieurs approches pour l'inférence sous contrainte de coût en terme de caractéristiques. Nous développons trois modèles qui intègrent pendant l'apprentissage une notion du coût de l'information utilisée pour la prédiction, avec pour objectif de contraindre le coût de la prédiction en inférence. Nous présentons un modèle de sélection de features appliqué au démarrage à froid en recommendation, puis deux méthodes adaptatives d'acquisition de caractéristiques, qui permettent un meilleur compromis coût/prédiction, dans un cadre plus général. Nous utilisons des méthodes d'apprentissage de représentations avec des architectures type réseau de neurones récurrents et des algorithmes par descente de gradient pour l'apprentissage. La dernière partie du manuscrit s'intéresse au coût lié aux étiquettes, usuellement dénommé apprentissage actif dans la littérature. Nous présentons nos travaux pour une approche nouvelle de ce problème en utilisant le méta-apprentissage ainsi qu'une première instanciation basée sur des réseaux récurrents bi-directionnelsThis thesis studies the problem of machine learning under budget constraints, in particular we propose to focus on the cost of the information used by the system to predict accurately. Most methods in machine learning usually defines the quality as the performance (e.g accuracy) on the task at hand, but ignores the cost of the model itself: for instance, the number of examples and/or labels needed during learning, the memory used, or the number of features required to predict at test-time. We propose more specifically in this manuscript several methods for cost-sensitive prediction w.r.t. the quantity of features used. We present three models that learn to predict under such constraint, i.e that learn a strategy to gather only the necessary information in order to predict well but with a small cost. The first model is a static approach applied on cold-start recommendation. We then define two adaptive methods that allow for a better trade-off between cost and accuracy, in a more generic setting. We rely on representation learning techniques, along with recurrent neural networks architecture and gradient descent algorithms for learning. In the last part of the thesis, we propose to study the problem of active-learning, where one aims at constraining the amount of labels used to train a model. We present our work for a novel approach of the problem using meta-learning, with an instantiation using bi-directional recurrent neural networks
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Joly, Iragaël Bonnafous Alain. "L' allocation du temps au transport de l'observation internationale des budgets-temps de transport aux modèles de durées /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/joly_i.
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Berg, Anton, and Fredric Karlsson. "Why the annual budget is not dead : Contingencies affecting the relevance of the budget critique." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226677.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how companies within different industries that use budgets perceive the critique that has been raised against it. As such, this study explores whether the companies find the critique valid and if so, whether and how they have managed to cope with the problems that the budget has been argued to entail. Additionally, this study explores the potential impact that the external and internal context of the budget may have on these perceptions. Utilizing on a qualitative case study research design, our findings indicate that the relevance of the critique is contextually contingent with regards to both the external and the internal environment of a company. Consequently, the likelihood for the alleged problems of the budget to appear is greater when the alignment between a company’s external and internal environment and the employed budget purpose is poor, and/or when the budget’s cohesiveness with other management control systems within a certain management control system-package is deficient. Thus, in contrast to the critics, we argue that budgets should not be seen as a static and stand-alone practice as it evidently constitute a multifaceted and contingent practice.
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Slyter, Mark F. "How well do hospitals budget operating results? The relationship between budget variances and operating margin." Thesis, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246287.
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There is a near-universal assumption in both practice and literature that greater accuracy and management to the budget improves profitability (Libby & Lindsay, 2010; Umapathy, 1987). Prior to this study, this assumption has gone untested and we know little about the wisdom of such an assumption.
The results of this study indicate greater accuracy in forecasting and/or tighter management to the budget, or favorably exceeding it, leads to improved profitability. More specifically, smaller unfavorable budget variances are associated with greater operating margins while greater favorable budget variances are associated with greater operating margins. A single standard deviation reduction in unfavorable revenue and expense increases operating margin by 5.2% and 6.3%, respectively. An equivalent favorable deviation in revenue and expense increases operating margin by 3.2% and 2.7%, respectively. Managers can improve hospitals’ operating margins by first prioritizing the reduction and/or eliminating unfavorable variances, and second increasing favorable variances.
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Diallo, Nouhoum. "Le budget du Mali : analyse économique du budget dans la perspective de l'intégration sous régionale /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40136273g.
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Abofaied, Abdurizzag E. A. "Budgeting process and the effect of budget participation on managerial performance, job satisfaction and budget slack." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418124.
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This thesis investigates firstly the relationships between budget participation on the one hand and managerial performance, job satisfaction and budget slack on the other. These relationships were investigated at individual level, directly or by using moderating variables like organisational commitment, job relevant information and locus of control. Secondly, the effects of external factors on budgeting process in public industrial sector in Libya. Specifically, it seeks to examine the budgeting process at the organisation level, and of the effects of external variables on it. It aims to give full information about the perceptions, beliefs and views of managers on budgeting process practices in the Libyan organisations. To examine the above relationships specific hypotheses were stated and triangulation method was employed in this study to collect data. 275 questionnaires were distributed to seven Electrical and Engineering companies located in Libya. Some interviews were conducted with managers in theses companies at three levels. 182 questionnaires were returned with percentage rate of 66%. The results revealed several interactive and direct relationships between independent and dependent variables. Regarding direct relationships, budget participation was found to have a positive correlation with performance and job satisfaction. On the other hand, it was found that there was a negative relation with budget slack. Regarding the effect of the interaction between participation and organisational commitment on performance, job satisfaction and budget slack the results revealed that there were was shown to be significant interactions. However, the effect of the interaction between participation and job relevant information on dependent variables was shown to be insignificant. Also the results revealed that the effect of the interaction between participation and locus of control on managerial performance and job satisfaction was significant. The results enabled the proposition of several tentative theoretical and practical implications for management accounting systems design, as well as several suggestions for future research. Overall, the results seem to contribute significantly to the understanding of organisational effectiveness through improved insight into factors underlying effective management accounting systems, particularly the use of the participation approach in budget setting.
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Manninen, Caroline, and Eva Olsson. "Hur budgetlös styrning kan uppfylla budgetens syften." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14422.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva hur två företag som frångått den traditionella budgetprocessen arbetar med sin ekonomistyrning samt vilka verktyg de använder för att uppfylla budgetens syften. Utöver detta undersöks även vilka förutsättningar som krävs för att kunna arbeta budgetlöst. Datainsamlingen skedde genom granskning av litteratur samt en kvalitativ fallstudie. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på två företag, Ahlsell och Ikea. Empirin analyserades med hjälp av en deduktiv metod. Vår slutsats är att det är möjligt att fylla budgetens syften även vid budgetlös styrning. Detta förutsätter dock en ledning som vågar delegera ansvaret nedåt i organisationen. Denna decentraliserade organisation bör dessutom bestå av relativt likartade enheter som med hjälp av nyckeltal och benchmarking kan jämföras med varandra. Utöver det behövs ett öppet och snabbt informationssystem för att skapa helhetssyn av den decentraliserade verksamheten. Vi har även kunnat konstatera att budgetlös styrning inte lämpar sig för alla typer av företag. Dock borde företagsledare se över sin budgetprocess. Det är möjligt att det finns inslag från den budgetlösa styrningen som skulle kunna bidra till en effektivare ekonomistyrning.The purpose of this essay is to describe how two companies that abandoned the traditional budget work with their financial control, and which instruments they use to fulfill the purposes of budget. In addition, the requirements needed to work Beyond Budgeting are examined. Data was collected by literature reviewing and qualitative case study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at two companies, Ahlsell and Ikea. Empirical data was analyzed using a deductive method. The result of this study shows that it is possible to fulfill the purposes of budget even when using Beyond Budgeting. However, this requires a management that dares to delegate responsibility down the organizational chain. This decentralized organization should consist of relatively homogeneous units, which can be compared with KPIs and benchmarking. In addition to this, a transparent and rapid system of information is necessary to create a holistic view. Beyond Budgeting is not suitable for all kinds of organizations. However, the managers should review their budget process. It is possible that there are elements from Beyond Budgeting that could contribute to more effective management control.
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Harnby, Katarina, Helena Kärnström, and Lill Svensson. "Styra med budget eller balanserat styrkort?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-155.
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Uppsatsen handlar om vad som är avgörande till varför företag väljer att styra med budget eller balanserat styrkort. Den behandlar respektive metod och tar bland annat upp fördelar och nackdelar samt anledningar till byte av styrsystem.
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Eriksson, Mårten, and Henrik Svenonius. "Budget vs. Balanced Scorecard : en rollfördelningsanalys." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-893.
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Bakgrund: I debatten har BSC då och då dykt upp som ett ersättningsinstrument till budgeten. Vad som inte alltid framgår är vilket eller vilka instrument som bär de roller som traditionellt bärs upp av budgeten.
Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera vilka roller som BSC och budgeten har tagit i styrkortsanvändande företag. Avgränsningar: Vi har valt att avgränsa oss ifrån den bransch där budgeten som styrinstrument kanske fått mest kritik, nämligen bankbranschen.
Genomförande: Vi har gjort en förstudie utifrån vilken fyra företag har tagits fram. Dessa företag har sedan studerats på ett fallstudieliknande sätt, via intervjuer. Materialet har sammanställts och legat till grund för analysen.
Resultat: Vi anser att debatten om att BSC skulle kunna ersätta budgeten är överdriven, då de båda systemen i grunden är så olika. BSC är mera av ett prioriteringsinstrument medan budgeten bistår med de finansiella ramarna. Det viktiga blir istället att användande företag inser vilka roller som bäst spelas av resp. system, vilket vi också ger ett förslag på.
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Gimba, Diana I. "Budget and poverty reduction in Nigeria." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516574.
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Sun, Zhian. "Radiation budget over the Tibetian Plateau." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315561.
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Ogilvie-Graham, Thomas Syme. "Time budget studies in stalled horses." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29924.
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This study was designed to record the behaviour of stabled horses from the Household Cavalry over an extended period. Eighty horses were observed using infra-red time-lapse video for between 48 and 72 hours each, over 2 years, under similar management conditions, and in total 5424 hours of data was collected. All the horses were kept in stalls at either Hyde Park or Windsor barracks and continued with their normal duties throughout observation periods. The horses were found to spend 36.3% of their time feeding and 1.01% drinking. The horses were alert in their stables for 7.5% of their time, non-alert for 63.03%, resting for 10.89% and sleeping for 2.33%. The horses stood for 57.92% of their time in stalls, with 18.67% of the time leg-resting and 6.17% lying. The horses were exercised for 4.92% of the 24-hour period and spent 2.54% of their time moving within the stalls. They interacted for 2.04% of their time and spent 2.12% of their time in abnormal behaviour (0.69% being spent in stereotypic behaviour). Analyses of variance showed no significant differences (i.e. p>0.05) in behaviour resulting from factors such as age, time spent in barracks, type of horse or height. Sleeping was affected by gender (p = 0.0089), with females spending considerably more time sleeping than males. The percentage time spent eating was less than for feral horses or stabled horses fed hay ad libitum, but was comparable with other studies on stabled or enclosed horses on a restricted hay diet. The horses spent less time resting, and more time alert, than free-ranging horses, possibly owing to the different sensory stimulation associated with their environment. This may also be a factor in producing the low level of abnormal activity recorded and the relatively low time spent sleeping.
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Рябушка, Людмила Борисівна, Людмила Борисовна Рябушка, and Liudmyla Borysivna Riabushka. "Priorities of Budget Policy in Ukraine." Thesis, Publishing House "Education and Science" s.r.o, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63990.
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The purpose of research is to reveal the economic essence of the budget and its functions, budget justification growing role in regulating social and economic development and reveal the conceptual basis of effective model budget in Ukraine.
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Міщенко, Павло Миколайович, Павел Николаевич Мищенко, Pavlo Mykolaiovych Mishchenko, Сергій Павлович Шаповалов, Сергей Павлович Шаповалов, and Serhii Pavlovych Shapovalov. "Optimization of Websites Advertising Budget Distribution." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55773.
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This paper is devoted to problem of the
most optimal allocation of website`s advertising
budget among teaser networks. We consider the
possibility of improving the efficiency of distribution
by means of an automated system. The main steps of
genetic algorithm and integral estimation adaptation
to the multiple-criteria problem solution are shown.
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Mytrofanova, A. S. "Government Budget Deficit: Essence, Factors, Indices." Thesis, Romanian Association of Young Scholars (RAYS), 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37837.
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Newman, Patrick James. "The Work Budget of Rough Faults." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374070945.
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Kochik, Sofian. "Budget participation in Malaysian local authorites." Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/16497/.
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This study examines the effect of budgetary participation on departmental performance via budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity. The responses of 108 budget preparers and budget users drawn from a cross-section of Malaysian local authorities, to a questionnaire survey were analysed by using mediation analysis, path analysis and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation technique. The results suggest that budget adequacy, organisational commitment, and role ambiguity are important links in the process. The results of this study suggest that the relationship between budget participation and departmental performance is statistically, significantly, positively and marginally correlated. Of more interest was the finding that budget adequacy, organisational commitment, and role ambiguity are important intervening variables in the relationship between budget participation and departmental performance. The test for mediation effect, demonstrated that budget adequacy, organisational commitment, and role ambiguity had partially mediated the relationship of budget participation and departmental performance. These three variables act as partial mediators when they significantly reduced or decreased the path coefficient of budget participation and departmental performance rather than eliminating the relationship. Furthermore, the test for direct and indirect effect of budget participation on departmental performance, suggests that budget participation predicted or affected departmental performance more strongly in the indirect way than it did in a direct way. This suggests that, even though the correlation between budget participation and departmental performance was significant, the path interpretation suggests that the correlation arose because budget participation was correlated with other variables that have direct effect upon departmental performance not budget participation itself directly predicted departmental performance. Therefore, there is enough evidence to suggest that budget participation of budget preparers and budget users affects departmental performance of Malaysian local authorities indirectly via budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity. Among the indirect effects, the link between budget participation, budget adequacy, organisational commitment, role ambiguity and departmental performance may be the most important in term of this study’s contribution. The decomposition of the observed correlation between budget participation, budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity showed that budget 3 participation of budget preparers and budget users of Malaysian local authorities in the budget setting has direct effect on budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity. Budget adequacy and organisational commitment was directly related. However, the relationship of role ambiguity and organisational commitment in this study was indirectly related. This suggests that participation of budget preparers and budget users in the budget setting of Malaysian local authorities lead to decrease role ambiguity that provide adequate budgetary supports, which lead to increase organisational commitment and thus enhance departmental performance. In relation to the strength of the relationships of the variables undertaken for the study, the overall relationships between variables are significant and positively related except that of role ambiguity relationship. The relationships of role ambiguity with budget participation, budget adequacy, organisational performance and departmental performance are negatively related.
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Library, University of Arizona, and Carla J. Stoffle. "FY 2008 Budget and Planning Materials." University of Arizona Library (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/127765.
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Veniat, Tom. "Neural Architecture Search under Budget Constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS443.
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L'augmentation de la puissance de calcul et de la quantité de données disponible ont permis la montée en popularité de l'apprentissage profond. Cependant, l'expertise et les ressources nécessaires pour construire de tels algorithmes ainsi que l'empreinte mémoire et le temps d'inférence lors de l'utilisation sont autant d'obstacles à l'utilisation de ces méthodes. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de construire des modèles d'apprentissage profond de manière plus efficace et automatisée. Tout d'abord, nous nous concentrons sur l'apprentissage d'une architecture efficace pour les problèmes de traitement d'images. Nous proposons un modèle dans lequel nous pouvons guider la procédure d'apprentissage d'architecture en spécifiant un budget et une fonction de coût fixes. Ensuite, nous considérons le problème de la classification de séquences, où un modèle peut être encore plus efficace en adaptant dynamiquement sa taille à la complexité du signal à venir. Enfin, nous abordons le problème de l'efficacité sous l'angle de l'apprentissage par transfert, une procédure d'apprentissage pouvant être rendue encore plus efficace si elle s'appuie sur des connaissances acquises lors d'expériences précédentes. Nous explorons les architectures modulaires dans le scénario de l'apprentissage continuel et présentons un nouveau benchmark permettant une évaluation fine des différents types de transfertThe recent increase in computation power and the ever-growing amount of data available ignited the rise in popularity of deep learning. However, the expertise, the amount of data, and the computing power necessary to build such algorithms as well as the memory footprint and the inference latency of the resulting system are all obstacles preventing the widespread use of these methods. In this thesis, we propose several methods allowing to make a step towards a more efficient and automated procedure to build deep learning models. First, we focus on learning an efficient architecture for image processing problems. We propose a new model in which we can guide the architecture learning procedure by specifying a fixed budget and cost function. Then, we consider the problem of sequence classification, where a model can be even more efficient by dynamically adapting its size to the complexity of the signal to come. We show that both approaches result in significant budget savings. Finally, we tackle the efficiency problem through the lens of transfer learning. Arguing that a learning procedure can be made even more efficient if, instead of starting tabula rasa, it builds on knowledge acquired during previous experiences. We explore modular architectures in the continual learning scenario and present a new benchmark allowing a fine-grained evaluation of different kinds of transfer
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Taylor, Brian R. "An analysis of the departments of the Air Force, Army, and Navy budget offices and budget processes." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FTaylor.pdf.
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