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Farajov, Murad. "Contingent Budget Preference Experiment." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15965.
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An economic literature concerns instruments to improve the preference elicitation methods for the reform-based governmental programs. We construct an instrument for the budget allocation method using a Cobb-Douglas functional form. We apply the instrument to the survey data which is collected for Swedish Recreational Fishing Industry to elicit the preferences for governmental management actions. We analyze the elasticity or weights in the instrument by the binary logit and censored regression models and by comparing the significant estimates by the gross and net effects we get results which increase credence to the instrument we apply.I am heartily thankful to my supervisor, Thomas Laitila, whose guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop the thesis.More, I offer my regards to Anders Lunander who supported me in any respect during the completion of the thesis.
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Gundayao, Jenniffer D. "Development of a Navy recruiting vehicle budget model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA342560.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997."December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Stephen L. Mehay, Shu S. Liao. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.
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Rubio, Pedro, Francisco Fernandez, and Francisco Jimenez. "REAL TIME C BAND LINK BUDGET MODEL CALCULATION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624184.
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The purpose of this paper is to show the integration of the transmission gain values of a
telemetry transmission antenna according to its relative position and integrate them in the C band
link budget, in order to obtain an accuracy vision of the link.
Once our C band link budget was fully performed to model our link and ready to work in real
time with several received values (GPS position, roll, pitch and yaw) from the aircraft and other
values from the Ground System (azimuth and elevation of the reception telemetry antenna), it
was necessary to avoid a constant value of the transmitter antenna and estimate its values with
better accuracy depending of the relative beam angles between the transmitter antenna and
receiver antenna. Keeping in mind an aircraft is not a static telecommunication system it was
necessary to have a real time value of the transmission gain.
In this paper, we will show how to perform a real time link budget (C band).
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Lo, Cheng Sik-sze. "Incrementalism and public budgeting in Hong Kong myth or model? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31976037.
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Gloe, Matthew. "Evaluating a Process-Based Mitigation Wetland Water Budget Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76860.
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Correctly predicting water levels is key to the success of created wetlands. The Pierce method is a commonly used technique for modeling and designing mitigation wetlands that assumes minimal groundwater interaction with the wetland. This technique for mitigation wetland design relies primarily on surface water inputs, assuming a relatively impermeable substrate (perched system), and level pool routing. The Pierce method was applied utilizing two different evapotranspiration estimation methods: Thornthwaite (IPM) and FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (IPM-FAO). A second process-based model, utilizing MODFLOW-2005, was constructed to better predict water levels in mitigation wetlands. Modeled processes included groundwater movement and vegetative resistance to flow, which can be a significant factor in wetland water levels. The two versions of the Pierce method were compared to the process-based wetland representation developed in MODFLOW-2005 using data from an existing mitigation wetland.
Output from these models were compared to observed data from an existing mitigation wetland near Manassas, VA, USA. Results indicate the use of Thornthwaite's method to estimate wetland evapotranspiration (ET) does not capture the timing or magnitude of wetland ET losses, leading to over-prediction of wetland water levels during the growing season. The Modflow-based approach resulted in more accurate hydroperiod predictions on a yearly basis than the Pierce Method. However, the Integrated Pierce method model, utilizing the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method of estimating potential evapotranspiration instead of Thornthwaite's method most accurately predicted water levels during the growing season (March-October).Master of Science
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Haghighat, Reza. "An optimization model to allocate budget in school rehabilitation projects." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1589619.
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Modernization and rehabilitation of existing school facilities is a key factor to increase the life expectancy of facilities and to benefit students by increasing educational standards. Since United States' last recession in 2009, many school districts have been confronted with difficulty in funding their projects. The existing process of decision making on distributing budget is subjective and depends on the judgment of decision makers. To avoid the errors involved in the existing approach, an optimization model is developed in this research study to optimize the project selection. This optimization system increases the horizontal and vertical equity in the educational system while it reflects the importance of different categories of facility projects and the various educational demands of students. Two powerful methods of Genetic Algorithm and Dynamic Programming is utilized to solve the optimization problem. Moreover, the proficiency of the developed model is shown in a case study.
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Al-Zayani, Salman Rashid. "Road safety budget optimisation model for the state of Bahrain." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31803.
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The aim of this study is to develop a procedure that can be used for the optimal allocation of funds available for road safety remedial measures in the State of Bahrain. The study reviews the nature of the road accidents problem in Bahrain in sufficient detail to highlight the relative magnitude ·and seriousness of the problem. Factors comprising the total (comprehensive) cost of road safety remedial measures with special application to Bahrain (including the capital and maintenance costs of the remedial measures and accident component of road user costs) are identified and analysed. A methodology for identifying the most hazardous locations on the road network is then developed. Using this methodology preliminary and primary rankings of sites are determined. 70 hazardous locations are identified and analysed. A programme of 26 countermeasures is then drawn up and the effectiveness of 10 different types of alternative improvements is evaluated with special emphasis on the regression-to-mean effect. The other 16 countermeasures effectiveness estimates are adopted from other sources. A Budget Optimisation Model Computer Programme (BOM) is then developed using multi-stage dynamic programming for selecting an optimal set of schemes under a single-period budget constraint. Within the constraint that it must choose only one alternative for each location, BOM selects a group of alternatives that produces an optimal overall net present value (NPV) within the resource constraint level. BOM is then used to determine the optimum combination of improvement of the 70 sites with different budgets. In all budgets, BOM searches throughout the list of projects for those alternatives which would provide the greatest NPV. Projects with different budgets are clearly economically viable and viability is further demonstrated by the sensitivity tests which are subsequently carried out. Finally, it is shown that improvements selected by a dynamic programming can yield a higher return for a given budget than those chosen entirely on the basis of benefit-cost ratio.
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Lo, Cheng Sik-sze, and 羅鄭適時. "Incrementalism and public budgeting in Hong Kong: myth or model?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976037.
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Neuhaus, Eric. "Evaluation of a Water Budget Model for Use in Wetland Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23741.
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Wetland ecological function greatly depends on the wetland hydrology. As a result, correctly estimating the wetland water budget, is essential to the success of created wetlands. A wetland water budget model, Wetbud, was developed by collaborators from Virginia Tech, Old Dominion University, and the Technical University of Crete for estimating wetland water budgets to assist wetland design in the Virginia Piedmont. The Wetbud model has basic and advanced modules. The basic module uses level pool routing to compute average monthly water levels. Based on the groundwater model MODFLOW, the advanced module estimates groundwater interactions and vegetative resistance to surface flows on a daily timestep. The overall goal of this research was to assess Wetbud as an uncalibrated design model for mitigation wetland water budget estimation in the Virginia Piedmont. Specific objectives were to compare predictions using the basic and advanced modules and to compare the Thornthwaite and the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration estimation methods for the design of created wetlands. The Wetbud model was tested using data from two existing mitigation wetlands. Both modules produced reasonable results; however, the basic module did not accurately predict drawdown occurring during dry periods. Results showed that the Wetbud advanced module produced more accurate and detailed results when compared to the basic module: Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency ratings for the advanced module ranged from to 0.44 to 0.63. Potential evapotranspiration estimates by the FAO-56 Penman Monteith method were more accurate than those from the Thornthwaite method in nearly every model scenarioMaster of Science
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Schimper, Michael Casparus Eksteen. "A model for budget management in the Free State provincial government." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/62.
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Thesis (D. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2005The primary objective of this research has been to undertake a critical investigation of the application of the budget process and the achievement of budget objectives in the Free State Provincial Government. The emphasis has been specifically on the planning and control functions of management. The justification for the research is the continuous demand for unlimited public services and the limited availability of the state‟s financial resources. The undertaking proceeded from the hypothetical viewpoint that a budget is designed to assure that public resources are spent according to the preferences of the taxpayer and the legislature. A budget promotes consistency in the process of resource allocation, and its implementation should be enforced by constant evaluation and monitoring. The research includes the following aspects: - The problems encountered by the Free State Provincial Government in its endeavors to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the budget. - The fundamental principles of budget management in general, and in particular various types of budget and budget management techniques. - The evaluation of budgets as a basis for reporting on performance and the importance of such performance reports. The research methodology followed relies both on a survey of relevant literature and on empirical data. The former consists of a discussion regarding the extent to which the present budget system promotes effective and efficient budget control management and the achievement of budget objectives. As part of the empirical research an “ex post facto” analysis was undertaken of external audit reports and appropriation accounts over a period of fourteen years. In addition the fishbone or root-cause analysis approach was followed to identify core symptoms. The theoretical and empirical research yielded the following results: - The partial disturbance of the input/output relationship means that performance cannot be measured against profit as in the private sector. To compensate for this deficiency management should focus on financial statements and on audit and performance reports to measure performance. - Management needs to have an unimpeded access to budget information on the financial management system right from the beginning of each new financial year. - Estimates of expenditure (projections) should be captured on a monthly basis in the financial management system. With the implementation of the Medium Term Expenditure Framework, budget projections must be regarded as compulsory. - Press reports and reports of the Auditor-General indicated that shortcomings relating to audit committees still exist both on national and provincial levels. This deficiency has a negative effect on the effectiveness of the internal audit function. - An annual percentage deviation in various departments between voted amounts and expenditure was substantial. In some instances the deviation - Losses should be monitored constantly, and management should be aware of the impact of losses and claims on financial resources. Their prevention should be part of each department‟s financial strategy. - Budget manipulation reduces the budget‟s effectiveness and efficiency as a means of performance measurement. The first possible solution to solve the problems associated with the budget is privatization of the service or function. The second possibility is the implementation of a quality control program. Its objective would be to reverse poor performance. To be successful, the quality control program should rely on clear accountabilities, effective partnerships and devoted leadership. A third recommendation might be the implementation of a quality assurance and quality control division for each department. The first component would gather all the necessary documentation to assure quality while the second would monitor effective application. The first requirement in measuring performance will be the motivation of all staff to be committed to the improvement of service delivery. The second challenge will be to train them accordingly. The third challenge will be the development of a performance report procedure for each department. A further recommendation is the analysis and reduction of underspending. Finally, accounting officers must implement effective and transparent processes of financial and risk management. Broadly viewed, the integration of budget and strategic planning initiatives of the National Treasury are a slow process that cannot be implemented overnight. National departments and provinces are, however, requested by National Treasury to improve on the outputs and the development of robust output performance measures and service delivery indicators. This viewpoint supports the proposed budget-management model aimed at effective objective achievement or sustainable development of the Free State. In future the budget management process could be based on this model to improve service delivery.
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Moolman, George Christiaan. "An aggregate capital budgeting model using a product portfolio approach." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-145421/.
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Torres-Bello, Omar. "A simple zonal average energy budget model of the earth-atmosphere system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28033.
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Bromund, Carl Douglas. "Implementing Strategy in a Budget: A Model of the Coast Guard Reserve." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA236676.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Evered, Roger D. Second Reader: Pike, Roger T. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 20, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Strategy, budgets, strategic materials, management. DTIC Indicator(s): Theses, Coast Guard Reserve, management, strategy, military budgets. Author(s) subject terms: Strategy, budget, U.S. Coast Guard Reserve. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-84). Also available in print.
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Spank, Uwe. "Site Water Budget: Influences of Measurement Uncertainties on Measurement Results and Model Results." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-62557.
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The exact quantification of site water budget is a necessary precondition for successful and sustainable management of forests, agriculture and water resources. In this study the water balance was investigated at the spatial scale of canopies and at different temporal scales with focus on the monthly time scale. The estimation of the individual water balance components was primarily based on micrometeorological measurement methods. Evapotranspiration was assessed by the eddy-covariance (EC) method, while sap flow measurements were used to estimate transpiration. Interception was assessed by a combination of canopy drip, stem flow and precipitation (gross rainfall) measurements and soil moisture measurements were used to estimate the soil water storage. The combination of different measurement methods and the derivation of water balance components that are not directly measurable e.g. seepage and soil evaporation is a very complex task due to different scales of measurement, measurement uncertainties and the superposition of these effects. The quantification of uncertainties is a core point of the present study. The uncertainties were quantified for water balance component as well as for meteorological variables (e.g. wind speed, temperature, global radiation, net radiation and precipitation) that served as input data in water balance models. Furthermore, the influences of uncertainties were investigated in relation to numerical water balance simulations. Here, both the effects of uncertainties in input data and in reference data were analysed and evaluated. The study addresses three main topics. The first topic was the providing of reference data of evapotranspiration by EC measurements. Here, the processing of EC raw-data was of main concern with focus on the correction of the spectral attenuation. Four different methods of spectral correction were tested and compared. The estimated correction coefficients were significantly different between all methods. However, the effects were small to absolute values on half-hourly time scale. In contrast to half-hour data sets, the method had significant influence to estimated monthly totals of evapotranspiration. The second main topic dealt with the comparison of water balances between a spruce (Picea abies) and a beech (Fagus sylvatica) site. Both sites are located in the Tharandter Wald (Germany). Abiotic conditions are very similar at both sites. Thus, the comparison of both sites offered the opportunity to reveal differences in the water balance due to different dominant tree species. The aim was to estimate and to compare all individual components of the water balance by a combination of the above mentioned measurement methods. A major challenge was to overcome problems due different scales of measurements. Significant differences of the water balances between both sites occurred under untypical weather conditions. However, under typical condition the sites showed a similar behaviour. Here, the importance of involved uncertainties deserved special attention. Results showed that differences in the water balance between sites were blurred by uncertainties. The third main topic dealt with the effects of uncertainties on simulations of water balances with numerical models. These analyses were based on data of three sites (Spruce, Grass and Agricultural site). A kind of Monte-Carlo-Simulation (uncertainty model) was used to simulate effects of measurement uncertainties. Furthermore, the effects of model complexity and the effect of uncertainties in reference data on the evaluation of simulation results were investigated. Results showed that complex water balance models like BROOK90 have the ability to describe the general behaviour and tendencies of a water balance. However, satisfying quantitative results were only reached under typical weather conditions. Under untypical weather e.g. droughts or extreme precipitation, the results significantly differed from actual (measured) values. In contrast to complex models, it was demonstrated that simple Black Box Models (e.g. HPTFs) are not suited for water balance simulations for the three sites tested hereDie genaue Quantifizierung des Standortswasserhaushalts ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche und nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung von Wäldern, Äckern und Wasserressourcen. In dieser Studie wurde auf der Raumskala des Bestandes und auf verschieden Zeitskalen, jedoch vorrangig auf Monatsebene, die Wasserbilanz untersucht. Die Bestimmung der einzelnen Wasserbilanzkomponenten erfolgte hauptsächlich mit mikrometeorologischen Messmethoden. Die Eddy- Kovarianz- Methode (EC- Methode) wurde benutzt zur Messung der Evapotranspiration, während Xylem- Flussmessungen angewendet wurden, um die Transpiration zu bestimmen. Die Interzeption wurde aus Messungen des Bestandesniederschlags, des Stammablaufs und des Freilandniederschlags abgeleitet. Messungen der Bodenfeuchte dienten zur Abschätzung des Bodenwasservorrats. Die Kombination verschiedener Messmethoden und die Ableitung von nicht direkt messbaren Wasserhaushaltkomponenten (z.B. Versickerung und Bodenverdunstung) ist eine äußerst komplexe Aufgabe durch verschiedenen Messskalen, Messfehler und die Überlagerung dieser Effekte. Die Quantifizierung von Unsicherheiten ist ein Kernpunkt in dieser Studie. Dabei werden sowohl Unsicherheiten in Wasserhaushaltskomponenten als auch in meteorologischen Größen, welche als Eingangsdaten in Wasserbilanzmodellen dienen (z.B. Windgeschwindigkeit, Temperatur, Globalstrahlung, Nettostrahlung und Niederschlag) quantifiziert. Weiterführend wird der Einfluss von Unsicherheiten im Zusammenhang mit numerischen Wasserbilanzsimulationen untersucht. Dabei wird sowohl die Wirkung von Unsicherheiten in Eingangsdaten als auch in Referenzdaten analysiert und bewertet. Die Studie beinhaltet drei Hauptthemen. Das erste Thema widmet sich der Bereitstellung von Referenzdaten der Evapotranspiration mittels EC- Messungen. Dabei waren die Aufbereitung von EC- Rohdaten und insbesondere die Dämpfungskorrektur (Spektralkorrektur) der Schwerpunkt. Vier verschiedene Methoden zur Dämpfungskorrektur wurden getestet und verglichen. Die bestimmten Korrekturkoeffizienten unterschieden sich deutlich zwischen den einzelnen Methoden. Jedoch war der Einfluss auf die Absolutwerte halbstündlicher Datensätze gering. Im Gegensatz dazu hatte die Methode deutlichen Einfluss auf die ermittelten Monatssummen der Evapotranspiration. Das zweite Hauptthema beinhaltet einen Vergleich der Wasserbilanz eines Fichten- (Picea abies) mit der eines Buchenbestands (Fagus sylvatica). Beide Bestände befinden sich im Tharandter Wald (Deutschland). Die abiotischen Faktoren sind an beiden Standorten sehr ähnlich. Somit bietet der Vergleich die Möglichkeit Unterschiede in der Wasserbilanz, die durch unterschiedliche Hauptbaumarten verursacht wurden, zu analysieren. Das Ziel was es, die einzelnen Wasserbilanzkomponenten durch eine Kombination der eingangs genanten Messmethoden zu bestimmen und zu vergleichen. Ein Hauptproblem dabei war die Umgehung der unterschiedlichen Messskalen. Deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Standorten traten nur unter untypischen Wetterbedingungen auf. Unter typischen Bedingungen zeigten die Bestände jedoch ein ähnliches Verhalten. An dieser Stelle erlangten Messunsicherheiten besondere Bedeutung. So demonstrierten die Ergebnisse, dass Unterschiede in der Wasserbilanz beider Standorte durch Messunsicherheiten verwischt wurden. Das dritte Hauptthema behandelt die Wirkung von Unsicherheiten auf Wasserbilanzsimulationen mittels numerischer Modelle. Die Analysen basierten auf Daten von drei Messstationen (Fichten-, Grasland- und Agrarstandort). Es wurde eine Art Monte-Carlo-Simulation eingesetzt, um die Wirkung von Messunsicherheiten zu simulieren. Ferner wurden auch der Einfluss der Modellkomplexität und die Effekte von Unsicherheiten in Referenzdaten auf die Bewertung von Modellergebnissen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass komplexe Wasserhaushaltsmodelle wie BROOK90 in der Lage sind, das Verhalten und Tendenzen der Wasserbilanz abzubilden. Jedoch wurden zufriedenstellende quantitative Ergebnisse nur unter üblichen Wetterbedingungen erzielt. Unter untypischen Wetterbedingungen (Dürreperioden, Extremniederschläge) wichen die Ergebnisse deutlich vom tatsächlichen (gemessenen) Wert ab. Im Gegensatz zu komplexen Modellen zeigte sich, dass Black Box Modelle (HPTFs) nicht für Wasserhaushaltssimulation an den drei genannten Messstandorten geeignet sind
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Janes, Victoria Jennifer Julie. "An analysis of channel bank erosion and development of a catchment sediment budget model." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14870.
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Increased sediment loads within river catchments have well-documented detrimental effects on water quality and catchment management plans are required to address reduction and mitigation of these problems. In order to do this it is essential that tools are available that deliver reliable sediment generation data at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Currently, most sediment generation models do not include bank erosion individually as a sediment source. Therefore, to enable improved accuracy in predictions of future sediment pressures under environmental change, explicit modelling of the rates of sediment production by the bank erosion is required to provide a more complete representation of the catchment sediment budget. In this study, an existing prototype national bank erosion index has been refined. Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) digitised overlays, channel migration rates were calculated for several UK catchments. Relationships between the rate of channel bank erosion and factors controlling the rates of channel migration were investigated, including channel sinuosity, slope, upstream catchment area, and restriction of migration due to valley width. Significant correlations between bank erosion and sinuosity, upstream area and channel confinement were observed. The non-linear influence of channel planform geometry (curvature and sinuosity) on migration rates was further investigated using an existing meander migration model. A new bank erosion model was developed to incorporate the influence of both channel confinement and sinuosity. As the model incorporates the key physical controls on bank erosion, hence it is expected that it will have wide applicability in catchment- to national-scale bank erosion assessment. A computationally efficient catchment routing model was developed. Data output from a newly developed catchment overland sediment and runoff estimation model (ADAS APT) was used as input to the routing model. The newly developed bank erosion model and an existing floodplain sedimentation model were incorporated within the routing methodology to provide a catchment sediment budget model. The model was applied to the Exe catchment, Devon, UK and validated against observational data. Model estimations of annual sediment generation through bank erosion, sediment deposition on floodplains, and sediment load at the catchment outlet were within the range of observed values. The catchment sediment budget model developed in this thesis provides a more comprehensive representation of catchment sediment processes than existing alternative methodologies.
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Modlin, Steve W. "The theoretical application of the dichotomy-duality model to the county government budget process." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07092008-103757.
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Eedle, Elizabeth Margaret, and n/a. "Resoure allocation in selected Australian universities." Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070828.164416.
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Australian universities are multi-million dollar operations employing tens of thousands of people. They attract revenue from a variety of government and non-government sources, and yet, as non-profit organisations they are judged by governments, peers and their communities on their performance in teaching and research rather than on a financial bottom line.
In order to achieve these results, university managers must make decisions on how to allocate available funding throughout the university. Faced with competing demands on scarce funds, how do university managers make these choices? One option is to use a resource allocation model to 'crunch the numbers'. Resource allocation models can incorporate a number of elements - student and staff numbers, weightings and performance data, for example - to allocate available funds. These allocation models are used in different ways in different universities, but serve the same basic purpose of assisting decision-making on how much to allocate to different sections of the organisation. Such models operate within a process and context that includes the strategic aims of the University, the organisation structure, its committees and culture.
This thesis contains case studies of resource allocation models and processes used in three Australian universities. It examines the methods used for resource allocation at the first and second levels within each university; that is, from the Vice-Chancellor to Dean (or equivalent), and from Dean to Head of School (or equivalent). Observations and conclusions are drawn on the models used, the processes surrounding the models, and the continuity between the two layers of allocations.
The research finds all the case-study universities operate models at multiple levels in their organisations, and that there is a concerning lack of consistency and flow-through at these different levels. The messages that the university leadership intends to send through the allocations may be lost to managers one-process removed from them. The research also concludes that transparency is the most important element of the resource allocation process. University staff dealing with allocation processes will accept the results, even if they are not ideal, if they can understand how and why decisions were made.
As a professional doctorate thesis, the aim is to provide a practical aid to people with responsibility for resource allocation in universities.
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Sneesby, Ethan Paul. "Evaluation of a Water Budget Model for Created Wetland Design and Comparative Natural Wetland Hydroperiods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88836.
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Wetland impacts in the Mid-Atlantic USA are frequently mitigated via wetland creation in former uplands. Regulatory approval requires a site-specific water budget that predicts the annual water level regime (hydroperiod). However, many studies of created wetlands indicate that post-construction hydroperiods frequently are not similar to impacted wetland systems. My primary objective was to evaluate a water budget model, Wetbud (Basic model), through comparison of model output to on-site water level data for two created forested wetlands in Northern Virginia. Initial sensitivity analyses indicated that watershed curve number and outlet height had the most leverage on model output. Addition of maximum depth of water level drawdown greatly improved model accuracy. I used Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) to evaluate goodness of fit of model output against site monitoring data. The Basic model reproduced the overall seasonal hydroperiod well once fully parameterized, despite NSE values ranging from -0.67 to 0.41 in calibration and from -4.82 to -0.26 during validation. For RMSE, calibration values ranged from 5.9 cm to 12.7 cm during calibration and from 8.2 cm to 18.5 cm during validation. My second objective was to select a group of "design target hydroperiods" for common Mid-Atlantic USA wetland types. From > 90 sites evaluated, I chose four mineral flats, three riverine wetlands, and one depressional wetland that met all selection criteria. Taken together, improved wetland water budget modeling procedures (like Wetbud) combined with the use of appropriate target hydroperiod information should improve the success of wetland creation efforts.Master of Science
Wetlands in the USA are defined by the combined occurrence of wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and hydrophytic vegetation. Wetlands serve to retain floodwater, sediments and nutrients within their landscape. They may serve as a source of local groundwater recharge and are home to many endangered species of plants and animals. Wetland ecosystems are frequently impacted by human activities including road-building and development. These impacts can range from the destruction of a wetland to increased nutrient contributions from storm- or wastewater. One commonly utilized option to mitigate wetland impacts is via wetland creation in former upland areas. Regulatory approval requires a site-specific water budget that predicts the average monthly water levels (hydroperiod). A hydroperiod is simply a depiction of how the elevation of water changes over time. However, many studies of created wetlands indicate that post-construction hydroperiods frequently are not representative of the impacted wetland systems. Many software packages, called models, seek to predict the hydroperiod for different wetland systems. Improving and vetting these models help to improve our understanding of how these systems function. My primary objective was to evaluate a water budget model, Wetbud (Basic model), through comparison of model output to onsite water level data for two created forested wetlands in Northern Virginia. Initial analyses indicated that watershed curve number (CN) and outlet height had the most influence on model output. Addition of a maximum depth of water level drawdown below the ground surface greatly improved model accuracy. I used statistical analyses to compare model output to site monitoring data. The Basic model reproduced the overall seasonal hydroperiod well once inputs were set to optimum values (calibration). Statistical results for the calibration varied between excellent and acceptable for our selected measure of accuracy, the root mean squared error. My second objective was to select a grouping of “design target hydroperiods” for common Mid-Atlantic USA wetland types. From > 90 sites evaluated, I chose four mineral flats, three riverine wetlands, and one depressional wetland that met all selection criteria. Taken together, improved wetland water budget modeling procedures (like Wetbud) combined with the use of appropriate target hydroperiod information should improve the success of wetland creation efforts.
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Weckmann, Stephanie. "Dynamic Electrothermal Model of a Sputtered Thermopile Thermal Radiation Detector for Earth Radiation Budget Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37014.
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The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is a program sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) aimed at evaluating the global energy balance. Current scanning radiometers used for CERES consist of thin-film thermistor bolometers viewing the Earth through a Cassegrain telescope.
The Thermal Radiation Group, a laboratory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, is currently studying a new sensor concept to replace the current bolometer: a thermopile thermal radiation detector. This next-generation detector would consist of a thermal sensor array made of thermocouple junction pairs, or thermopiles. The objective of the current research is to perform a thermal analysis of the thermopile. Numerical thermal models are particularly suited to solve problems for which temperature is the dominant mechanism of the operation of the device (through the thermoelectric effect), as well as for complex geometries composed of numerous different materials. Feasibility and design specifications are studied by developing a dynamic electrothermal model of the thermopile using the finite element method. A commercial finite element-modeling package, ALGOR, is used.Master of Science
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Ibrahim, Mohamed El Hady M. "An Examination of an Integrative Expectancy Model for Auditors' Performance Behaviors Under Time Budget Pressure." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331382/.
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In recent years there has been a growing use of expectancy theory to study motivation and performance in accounting environments. Such research efforts have resulted in reporting some inconsistent findings and low explanatory power for the expectancy model. In an attempt to increase the explanatory power of the model, several researchers have suggested the inclusion of nonexpectancy components in the model. This research was undertaken to develop an integrative expectancy model by incorporating some elements of goal setting theory and attribution theory into the expectancy formulation. The study was also designed to provide empirical evidence on the validity of a within-subject design of the proposed model through an empirical investigation of auditors* performance behaviors to meet budgeted time in public accounting firms. Alternative performance behaviors to meet budgeted time were modeled in three choice processes. The first deals with auditors choice to report unfiltered time (i.e. report actual time worked) as opposed to filtered time worked (i.e., underreporting and sign-off behaviors). The second process deals with auditors' choice to engage in underreporting as opposed to sign-off behaviors. The third process deals with auditors' choice to reduce or overrule some audit procedures based on professional judgment. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire from a sample of auditors at the staff, senior, and supervisory staff levels of fifty-three national, regional and local accounting firms in the Dallas- Fort Worth area. Data received from 671 participants were analyzed using th Automatic Interaction Detector (AID3) and multiple regression techniques. The findings of this research support the expectancy formulation and its relevancy to the accounting environments. However, five nonexpectancy variables were found to have significant relationships with auditors' choice processes to meet budgeted time. These five variables were supervision, budget feasibility, length of experience, organizational level and firm size classification.
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Domingues, Catia Motta, and Catia Domingues@csiro au. "Kinematics and Heat Budget of the Leeuwin Current." Flinders University. SOCPES, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060612.211358.
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This study investigates the upper ocean circulation along the west Australian coast, based
on recent observations (WOCE ICM6, 1994/96) and numerical output from the 1/6 degree Parallel Ocean
Program model (POP11B 1993/97). Particularly, we identify the source regions of the Leeuwin
Current, quantify its mean and seasonal variability in terms of volume, heat and salt transports,
and examine its heat balance (cooling mechanism). This also leads to further understanding of the
regional circulation associated with the Leeuwin Undercurrent, the Eastern Gyral Current and the
southeast Indian Subtropical Gyre.
The tropical and subtropical sources of the Leeuwin Current are understood from an
online numerical particle tracking. Some of the new findings are the Tropical Indian Ocean source
of the Leeuwin Current (in addition to the Indonesian Throughflow/Pacific); the Eastern Gyral
Current as a recirculation of the South Equatorial Current; the subtropical source of the Leeuwin
Current fed by relatively narrow subsurface-intensified eastward jets in the Subtropical Gyre, which
are also a major source for the Subtropical Water (salinity maximum) as observed in the Leeuwin
Undercurrent along the ICM6 section at 22 degrees S.
The ICM6 current meter array reveals a rich vertical current structure near North West
Cape (22 degrees S). The coastal part of the Leeuwin Current has dominant synoptic variability and
occasionally contains large spikes in its transport time series arising from the passage of tropical
cyclones. On the mean, it is weaker and shallower compared to further downstream, and it only
transports Tropical Water, of a variable content. The Leeuwin Undercurrent carries Subtropical
Water, South Indian Central Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water equatorward between
150/250 to 500/750 m. There is a poleward flow just below the undercurrent which advects a
mixed Intermediate Water, partially associated with outflows from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.
Narrow bottom-intensified currents are also observed.
The 5-year mean model Leeuwin Current is a year-round poleward flow between 22 degrees S and
34 degrees S. It progressively deepens, from 150 to 300 m depth. Latitudinal variations in its volume
transport are a response to lateral inflows/outflows. It has double the transport at 34 degrees S (-2.2 Sv)
compared to at 22 degrees S (-1.2 Sv). These model estimates, however, may underestimate the transport
of the Leeuwin Current by 50%. Along its path, the current becomes cooler (6 degrees C), saltier (0.6 psu)
and denser (2 kg m -3). At seasonal scales, a stronger poleward flow in May-June advects the
warmest and freshest waters along the west Australian coast. This advection is apparently spun up
by the arrival of a poleward Kelvin wave in April, and reinforced by a minimum in the equatorward
wind stress during July.
In the model heat balance, the Leeuwin Current is significantly cooled by the eddy heat
flux divergence (4 degrees C out of 6 degrees C), associated with mechanisms operating at submonthly time scales.
However, exactly which mechanisms it is not yet clear. Air-sea fluxes only account for ~30% of the
cooling and seasonal rectification is negligible. The eddy heat divergence, originating over a narrow
region along the outer edge of the Leeuwin Current, is responsible for a considerable warming of a
vast area of the adjacent ocean interior, which is then associated with strong heat losses to the
atmosphere. The model westward eddy heat flux estimates are considerably larger than those
associated with long lived warm core eddies detaching from the Leeuwin Current and moving
offshore. This suggests that these mesoscale features are not the main mechanism responsible for
the cooling of the Leeuwin Current. We suspect instead that short lived warm core eddies might
play an important role.
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Abad, Nicolas. "Fiscal Policies, Balanced-Budget Rules and Economic Destabilization." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2010.
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Cette thèse étudie l'impact déstabilisateur des politiques fiscales en présence d'une règle d'équilibre budgétaire dans les modèles de macroéconomie dynamique. Elle comporte trois essais dont l'objectif est d'éclairer de nouveaux mécanismes mettant en avant cet impact déstabilisateur. Dans le premier chapitre, nous étudions le lien entre préférences des ménages et instabilité agrégée. Le second et le troisième chapitre considèrent une approche multisectorielle et étendent la question de l'émergence de l'instabilité soit lorsque la politique fiscale est soit spécifique aux secteurs ou lorsque l'économie s'ouvre à l'échange internationalThis dissertation study the destabilizing impact of fiscal policies in presence of a balanced-budget rule in the model of dynamic macroeconomics. It consist of three essays aiming to highlight new mechanisms providing this destabilizing impact. In the first chapter, we study the link between households' preferences et aggregate instability. The second and third chapter consider a multisectorial approach and extend the issue of the emergence of aggregate instability either when the tax policy is sector-specific or when the economy opens to international trade
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Boquist, Pär. "OFFSHORE WIND POWER INVESTMENT MODEL USING A REFERENCECLASS FORECASTING APPROACH TO ESTIMATE THE REQUIRED COSTCONTINGENCY BUDGET." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261115.
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Forecasting capital expenditures in early stages of an offshore wind power project is aproblematic process. The process can be affected by optimism bias and strategicmisrepresentation which may result in cost overruns. This thesis is a response to issuesregarding cost overruns in offshore wind power projects. The aim of this thesis is tocreate a cost forecasting method which can estimate the necessary capital budget in awind power project. The author presents a two-step model which both applies the inside view and outsideview. The inside view contains equations related to investment and installation costs.The outside view applies reference class forecasting in order to adjust the necessary costcontingency budget. The combined model will therefore forecast capital expenditures fora specific site and adjust the cost calculations with regard to previous similar projects. The results illustrate that the model is well correlated with normalized cost estimationsin other projects. A hypothetical 150MW offshore wind farm is estimated to costbetween 2.9 million €/MW and 3.5 million €/MW depending on the location of the windfarm.
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Fitzenberger, Richard. "Investigation of the stratospheric inorganic bromine budget for 1996-2000 balloon-borne measurements and model comparisons /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961687363.
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Neef, Mara Aline. "Carbon Budget Compliance: A life-cycle-based model for carbon emissions of automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers." Phd thesis, Verein zur Förderung des Institutes IWAR der Technischen Universität Darmstadt, 2020. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/13243/1/Neef_TUPrints_2020_Diss.pdf.
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Automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) cause considerable amounts of CO2 emissions over the life cycle of their vehicles. They are thus contributing to global climate change. To stop climate change, all industries, including OEMs, must accomplish a major reduction of CO2 emissions. OEMs report past emissions and receive external support for setting Paris Agreement-compatible reduction targets. Though currently, OEMs do not have access to a methodology that facilitates modelling their future absolute emissions and the leverage of reduction measures at the company level. They are thus unable to develop holistic carbon reduction strategies. Here I demonstrate that current carbon management approaches remain conceptual. Based on the analysis of OEMs’ future emission drivers, requirements are developed to evaluate additional methods for their applicability in the subsequent method derivation. Quantifying the effect of integrating mobility services in OEMs’ fleets on the company’s absolute emissions is evaluated as especially important. For this reason, the Carbon Budget Compliance (CBC) method is developed by integrating and refining the analysed approaches. This method facilitates computing the impact of single reduction measures on fleet level over the life cycle of vehicles and mobility services regarding compliance with a carbon budget. The CBC method is exemplarily applied in a case study for the Volkswagen Group (VW). In scenario analyses the leverage of using renewable energy sources for battery production and electrified vehicles’ use phase is computed for fleets consisting of private vehicles and mobility services (car sharing, ride hailing, ride pooling). VW’s absolute emissions between 2015 and 2050 are modelled regarding the compliance with a 2 °C-compatible carbon budget. I show that immediate operationalisation of the two reduction measures for private vehicle and mobility service fleets is crucial for budget compliance. Due to higher load factors, ride hailing and pooling vehicles provide more person-km (p-km) during their lifetime than private vehicles. Fleet sizes in these scenarios are thus reduced. As heavier ride pooling vehicles need higher battery capacities than average Group vehicles, ensuring the use of renewable energy sources over their life cycle is crucial to attain absolute emission reduction. Otherwise, the reductive effect of smaller fleets is counterbalanced. The load factor of car sharing vehicles is similar or equal to private vehicles. By offering car sharing, OEMs can thus only reduce absolute emissions via an earlier onset of fleet electrification and the use of renewable energy sources. The high dependence on the energy sector’s decarbonisation efforts calls for OEMs to play an active role in the provision of sufficient amounts of renewable energy. The lowest modelled overshoot of the carbon budget is 5% facilitated by a combination of ride hailing and private vehicles as well as by operationalising the reduction measures. OEMs should therefore analyse additional measures tackling the supply chain and less CO2-intensive emission categories such as logistics within the CBC method. The method facilitates modelling such measures due to its modular approach. By using the CBC method, OEMs are now able to develop effective carbon reduction strategies to support achieving global climate targets and monitor their success. To improve the CBC method, future research should address the automation of data flows between data systems and the integration of micro-scale mobility models to quantify rebound effects caused by mobility services. Coupling internal carbon pricing with the CBC method could further promote its applicability in OEMs’ daily business operations.
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Aldebert, Clément. "Uncertainty in predictive ecology : consequence of choices in model construction." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4075/document.
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Les systèmes écologiques sont des systèmes complexes qui ne peuvent pas être d´écrits par un unique modèle mathématique. De nombreux modèles peuvent être construits pour un même système, selon les internets du modélisateur et ses choix dans la construction du modèle. Quel est l’impact de ces choix dans la construction du modèle sur les prédictions de la dynamique des systèmes écologiques et les informations qu’elles fournissent sur la résilience de ces systèmes est la question générale qui guide le travail présente dans cette thèse. Cette thèses focalise sur un choix entre formulations de modèle basées sur des mécanismes biologiques et qui décrivent les données empiriques avec la même efficacité. Ces modèles sont proches l’un de l’autre, donc on s’attendrait `a ce que leurs prédictions soient similaires. Cependant, nous montrons avec un exemple générique de modèle prédateur-proie que des formulations similaires du processus de prédation peuvent prédire des dynamiques qualitativement différentes en terme de: (i) nombre et type d'états stables, et (ii) réponse et résilience du système face à une perturbation extérieure. Ces différences dans les prédictions du modèle sont expliquées par une analyse mathématique détaillée du modèle prédateur-proie. Ensuite, ce modèle est étendu à des réseaux trophiques compos´es de dizaines d’espèces. La complexité de ces réseaux (nombre d'espèces et d’interactions) explique leur persistance, alors que leur dynamique temporelle est fortement affectée par la fonction utilisée pour modéliser la prédation. Des méthodes sont ´également proposées pour quantifier la sensibilités d’un modèle. Finalement, nous montrons que si un minimum de détails biologiques sont pris en compte, des modèles prédateurs-proies sont moins sensibles `a la formulation de la prédation. Ceci nous donne des pistes pour gérer les incertitudes dans la construction d’un modèle, qui sont intrinsèques à la complexité des systèmes naturelsEcological systems are complex systems which cannot be described by a single mathematical model. Multiple modelsof a same system can be built, depending on modeller’s interests and on its choices during model construction. Howfar these choices in model construction can affect the predicted dynamics of ecological systems and the informationthey provide on their resilience? is the general question that leads the research presented in this thesis. This thesisfocuses on a choice between model formulations that are based on biological mechanisms and describe empiricaldata with the same accuracy. These models are close to each other, so they are expected to predict similar systemdynamics. However, we show through a generic example of predator-prey model that similar formulations of thepredation process can predict qualitatively different system dynamics in term of: (i) number and type of stablestates, and (ii) system response to external disturbance and its potential for recovery. These differences in modelpredictions are explained by a detailed mathematical analysis of the predator-prey model. Next, this model isextended to complex food webs made of tens of species. The complexity of these networks (number of species andinteractions) drives their persistence, whereas their temporal dynamics is strongly affected by the function used tomodel predation. Methods to quantify model sensitivity are also proposed. Finally, we show that if a minimumlevel of biological details is included, predator-prey models are less sensitive to predation formulation. This providea clue to deal with uncertainties in model construction, which are intrinsic to the complexity of natural systems
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Андрєєва, Г. І. "Роль сучасних управлінських моделей в технологіях бюджетування." Thesis, "БялГРАД-БГ" ООД, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58803.
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Eksteen, Margaritha Johanna. "Medicine usage patterns in a district hospital : a therapeutic budget model approach / Margaritha Johanna Eksteen. Part 2." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2885.
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Van, Haasteren Cleve J. "Using a unit cost model to predict the impact of budget cuts on logistics products and services." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24095.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for Public Release; Distribution is UnlimitedThe Director of the Trident Integrated Logistics Support Division at the Naval Sea Systems Command manages a complex and dynamic budget that supports the provision of logistics products and services to the Trident submarine fleet. This thesis focuses on analyzing the Logistics Division budget and developing a model where the impact of a budget cut can be predicted by employing marginal cost. The thesis also explores the use of regression analysis as a means of forecasting the output of logistics end products. These forecasts are used in conjunction with historical cost data in the unit cost model. Recommendations for further research are included in Chapter V.
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Priestly, Kory J. "An end-to-end model of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Earth-viewing nonscanning radiometric channels /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040529/.
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Priestly, Kory James. "An end-to-end model of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Earth-viewing nonscanning radiometric channels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34619.
Full textAbstract:
The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) active-cavity radiometers are used to measure the incoming solar, reflected solar, and emitted longwave radiation from the Earth and its atmosphere. The radiometers are carried by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 spacecraft. Four Earth-viewing nonscanning active-cavity radiometers are carried by each platform. Two of the radiometers are sensitive to radiation in the spectral range from 0.2 to 50 μm, while the other two radiometers are sensitive to radiation in the spectral range from 0.2 to 5.0 μm. Each set of radiometers comes in a wide-field-of-view (WFOV) and a medium-field-of-view (MFOV) configuration. The cavities of the shortwave (visible) radiometers are covered with a Suprasil® hemispherical dome to filter out the incoming longwave radiation.
Knowledge of the optical and physical properties of the radiometers allows their responses to be predicted using a low-order physical model. A high-level, dynamic electrothermal end-to-end model which accurately predicts the radiometers dynamic output has also been completed. This latter model is used to numerically simulate the calibration procedures of the actual instruments. With calibration of the end-to-end model complete, a simulation of a phenomena referred to as the "solar blip" is conducted to investigate the instruments' responses to steep transient events. The solar blip event occurs when direct solar radiation is briefly incident to the active-cavity radiometric channels as the spacecraft passes into and out of the Earth's shadow.Master of Science
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Nebert, Douglas Daniel. "Development and application of a water budget model for lake level fluctuation, Goose Lake basin, Oregon-California." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3549.
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A water budget model was developed to estimate year-end lake volumes of Goose Lake, Oregon-California, to determine whether an accurate reconstruction of lake volumes/levels could be made with several synthesized or partial volumetric components. Components evaluated were the lake level/volume observations, precipitation, streamflow, and evaporation during the data-rich study period, 1946 to 1975. By regressing estimated year-end volumes against actual volumes (using actual volumes as the input at the beginning of each year) a correlation coefficient of 0.97 was obtained. By letting the series' year-end volumes be substituted for the following years' antecedent volumes a systematic error was created, identical in time and degree to irrigation consumptive use in the basin. The consideration of this additional component improved the self-generating series. The interaction of the components described by the model was then fed into a reconstruction model which used regression equations relating precipitation and runoff to annual tree-ring width indices. In this manner, a long-term synthetic runoff and precipitation record was developed for the basin for the period 1422 to 1964. Trends in the model output for the recent period (1830 to present) closely parallel recorded observations of lake level/volume although the range of reconstructed volumes was not as extreme as actually occurred. Nevertheless, the "actual" versus "synthesized" lake level series (1946 to 1964) were fairly well correlated (r=0.75), being significant to the 0.99 level. The study shows that tree rings are useful in the reconstruction of hydrologic and climatologic phenomena and are especially sensitive to changes in available water supply but do not show the high interannual variation seen in both precipitation and streamflow. Additionally, the tree ring record appears to be more sensitive to drought than to dry conditions in the basin and is therefore not well suited to determining the recurrence interval of high-water conditions.
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Kothe, Steffen [Verfasser], Bodo [Akademischer Betreuer] Ahrens, and Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Paeth. "The radiation budget in a regional climate model / Steffen Kothe. Gutachter: Bodo Ahrens ; Heiko Paeth. Betreuer: Bodo Ahrens." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044772549/34.
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Fitzenberger, Richard [Verfasser]. "Investigation of the stratospheric inorganic bromine budget for 1996-2000: balloon-borne measurements and model comparisons / Richard Fitzenberger." München : GRIN Verlag, 2002. http://d-nb.info/1177532417/34.
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Holá, Lucie. "Matematický model rozpočtu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227938.
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The idea of this diploma thesis is an origin application of optimization models to solve a wage funds allocation problem on various institutes of each faculty. This diploma thesis includes an outline of linear programming models, nonlinear programming models, multiply programming models and parametric programming models. Studied questions are debating in wider context of distributing financial resources from the Budget of the Czech republic, through Ministry of education, youth and sports, universities, faculties after as much as various institutes. The accent is given on question of definition assessment scales of achievement criteria with general-purpose kvantification.
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Joustra, Caryssa. "An Integrated Building Water Management Model for Green Building." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3654.
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The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is the developer of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED™) green building scoring system. On first inspection of LEED points, few address water efficiency. However, water management encompasses other points beyond the Water Efficiency (WE) category. In general, the industry is apt to take a somewhat compartmentalized approach to water management. The use of alternative water sources or the reuse of wastewater significantly complicates the water budget picture. A total water management systems approach, taking into consideration water from various sources, both inside and outside the building, should be implemented in order to devise a strategy for optimal reduction of potable water consumption and wastewater generation. Using the STELLA software to create an integrated building water management (IBWM) model provides stakeholders with a tool to evaluate potential water savings under dynamic conditions for a specific project site. Data collection for IBWM model calibration also shows that water consumption trends are unique to each project, and using LEED assumptions about water usage can overestimate or underestimate potential water savings.
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Zvejšková, Michaela. "Model finančních toků v projektu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233776.
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Presented dissertation thesis has focused on the project management; its objective has been to achieve set main goal applying used methodology, i.e., to propose a model of management of project financial flows. The pre-requisite of achievement of said main goal has been the primary research undertaken in the monitored area of processing industry, following criteria established in advance. These criteria have been formulated in particular in harmony with the evaluation of current condition of given issue both in the Czech Republic and abroad; furthermore, by interviews made in qualitative research, the verification of which has applied the combination of quantitative and qualitative research, as well as statistical verification of formulated hypotheses. On the basis of such acquired and verified data the model of management of project financial flows has been generated based, among others, on the application of so-called system approach, the pre-requisite of which has been the optimization of managerial approach and decision-making reflected in the process of budget creation in mutual links with three-imperative during project planning.
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Liang, Hsiao Fen, and 梁曉芬. "Budget Allocating Model for TV Advertisement." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22650840219329545787.
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碩士輔仁大學
管理學研究所
95
Since the competition of business becomes more violent, project and project management were introduced to enterprise. Due to the complexity of the projection selection and its effects, therefore, how to choose an appropriate one is essential for an enterprise. There are usually many cases that have potential to be carried out. However, due to the constraints of resource, a company can execute only a portion of it and not all at the same time. Hence, the importance of choosing the most suitable project is vital to the operation of that enterprise. The normal approach on selection of the project is by using concept, such as maximizing profit or minimizing negative effects. Traditionally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to give judgment of accuracy during the selection process. The AHP is based on the assumption that all the elements in every single hierarchal stage are independent from one another. However, in reality, most of the problems encountered during the decision making process have the interdependent and feedback relationships. It can not be constructed merely on a hierarchal relation. Otherwise, when the problem becomes severe, the relationship will also gradually get complicated. Therefore, if independent presumption is in use, the problem may, in the end, become over simplified, and consequently affects the decision made. Whereas the Analytic Network Process (ANP) can deal with problems occurred by the interdependent and feedback relations, this research is going to be conducted by using the ANP approaches to analyze the weighing values of those assessed indicators. Consequently, in the hope of bringing competitiveness, an enterprise can choose the most appropriate project under a limited resource condition.
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Lai, Yun-Feng, and 賴昀楓. "The relationships among differentiation strategy, budget emphasis, budget planning model, and performance." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06993899172898398461.
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碩士淡江大學
會計學系碩士班
97
The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships among differentiation strategy, budget emphasis, budget planning model, and performance. The effect of budget emphasis on organization has been concerned for several decades. However, the antecedent factor of budget emphasis is rarely discussed. For this reason, study uses structural equation modeling to investigate the direct effect of strategy on budget emphasis, budget planning model and performance, also discuss the meditative effect of budget planning. The result show that strategy has positive effect on budget emphasis, budget planning model and performance; budget planning is a significant mediator of the relationship between strategy and performance. The effect of budget planning on performance is significantly positive, and budget emphasis is associated with budget planning.
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潘俊興. "Defense Budget Forecasting: Time Series Model Application." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64019215201240627003.
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碩士國防管理學院
資源管理研究所
86
This study employed time series approach to predict defense budget(DB). Using 1951 to 1998 annual GDP and DB, we construct ARIMA transfer function model to predict DB. Results demonstrated that, first, annual DB variation is not solely explained by the last year''s DB (AR1 model) that induced from incrementalism points of view. Second, ARIMA model can be practically employed in DB estimation; and third ARIMA transfer function model can precisely predict DB with over 99% of accuracy. Therefore, ARIMA transfer function model constructed in this study proved to be an efficient and parsimonious tool in DB forecasting.
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唐文容. "A Budget Model of Government-Owned Enterprises." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29191999699156372884.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系
96
The purpose of this study is to develop a multiple regression model in examining the relationship between budget scale and financial index variables of government-owned enterprises. In our basic model, there are 19 government-owned enterprises and 15 financial ratio variables. We have also built another multiple regression model based on the 4 financial indices that are seriously considered by budget examiners. The empirical results indicate that our model is much more suitable and valuable in planning the budget strategies of government-owned enterprises.
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Chen, Yanfu, and 陳彥甫. "A Process Model for Defense Budget Planning and Provision." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60604462815393380212.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學管理學院
財務管理學系
100
The appropriateness of the budget planning and provision of public office affect policy effectiveness greatly . Due to the budget of defense is the operational requirements which is quarterly appropriation and quarterly review of the implementation rate .In order to exempt from the two missing: one is the "timing" out of sync in budget appropriation and budget requirements, the other is the number of inconsistent in pre-programmed amount of the previous year and the annual actual demand amount. This study attempts to construct a procedural model of budget planning and provision to solve the budget season demand and quarter appropriation of a "timely" and "modest".
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Lyu, Yue-Feng, and 呂岳峰. "Resource optimization model for RCPSP problems considering budget implementation efficiency." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28089895040889924143.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
101
Budget Implementation Efficiency is an index the government applies to seize the latest new progress of a project and measurement of performance during execution. For this reason, how does a construction unit have an effective application of such rate in a variety of projects with upper limits set in the budget allocation, so as to achieve annual target of budgetary performance becomes a crucial and critical topic the project’s decision-maker shall meditate currently. In order to avoid any delay occurred in the progress and smoothen the whole project, the decision-maker in the public sector has to schedule the project, planning resource and the Budget Implementation Efficiency carefully. Indicated from the literature review, the most studies mainly compiled cases and data for analysis and reviewed any defects incurred with the control and management of the Budget Implementation Efficiency as well as budgeting process. However, the project budget discussed in the study herein had to consider a variety of uncertainties including but not limited to project’s resource, schedule and scale, where such historical cases were insufficient to have timely control and planning. Therefore, in order to assist the project unit’s decision-maker in planning resource and budget effectively, as well as model adjustment made against the real-time situation, the study herein planned to build a project dedicated resource programming mode with the Budget Implementation Efficiency considered, that is, named Constraint Programming, (CP) to integrate the logic planned for Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem(RCPSP), forecast of aggregated cost mechanism, rush plan, external resource, incorporate with the Budget Implementation Efficiency constricted by specific timing point for our decision-maker to compute the least needs of minimum resource required in a project, real-time aggregated cost and acquire a schedule optimized with the gross cost for a project. Finally, the study herein designed two cases for analysis of both portions with difference in the problematic scenario and indicated from the findings, the model applied in this study was enabled to be adjusted appropriately against the limits set by different resource, needs of schedule and size of project, so as to match needs of a decision-maker in the real-time control and resource programming, achieving the performance index for budgetary execution.
44
Yang, Chih-Ching, and 楊志清. "An Application of Time Series Model in National Defense Budget." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89393613839159393371.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
統計學系
88
The determination of national defense budget is one of the most important studies in a country. The most often used model is the rational comprehensive model. In general , researchers consider the rational comprehensive model including all related factors and they pay attention to the affections of politics , economics and the change of the international environment in long period of time. In this paper , the univariate time series model , transfer function model and dynamic regression model are used to construct adequate models to help the decision makers to determine of the national defense budget of Taiwan. Economic variables such as GNP , economic growth rate and national income and the national defense budget of Mainland China are considered in the model construction.
45
張威國. "A Model to Maximize Hospital Service Quality Under Budget Constraint." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09482407655627564287.
Full textAbstract:
博士中華大學
科技管理學系
94
The development of education and economy in Taiwan has made people become more aware of medical knowledge, which in turn leads to their higher expectations of medical quality. Under such a circumstance, the customer’s (patients’) satisfaction level becomes an important indicator to evaluate the service quality of a hospital and a main factor for whether or not the patients will visit the hospital. To strengthen the competitiveness of the hospitals, in addition to making efforts to improve both of the service and medical quality, the top priority of the hospital management is to build a comprehensive model to measure the service quality. PZB and Kano models are commonly used to measure service quality. These two models, by using questionnaires and statistical analysis, can help clarify the customer’s demands and therefore provide the hospital managers a way to measure and improve the service quality. Given the fact that there are few mathematical models for service quality evaluation, this study aims to develop a new research dimension in applying Kano graphical model; that is the Kano model will be modified and enforced to become a mathematical and scientific model. In the current medical environment, the implementation of global budget and the criteria set by hospital accreditation program have forced the hospital managers to tightly control cost and fiercely improve quality. Thus, the top concern for the hospital managers is how to maximize service quality under a limited budget. This study uses the mathematical Kano model to develop a model that can maximize the service quality under a limited budget. In this study, the curves representing the Must-Be element, One-Dimensional element and Additional element are fist transformed into formula and then derive iii a mathematical model which can measure the levels of customer’s satisfaction. In the end, a model to maximize service quality under limited budget is established on the basis of the mathematical formula derived. To verify the validity and reliability of the model, an example is adopted and solved using LINGO to assess its effectiveness. The result of the case study shows that the maximum service quality can be achieved when all budgets are used only to improve Additional element.
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Yang, Jia-Ren, and 楊駕人. "Optimal Resource Allocation Model and Application of National Defense Budget." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48522642002992476000.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
96
The scale of war has been changed from large to small. The national defense department develops a new policy to meet the changes of the modern world. Meanwhile, the national defense budget of R.O.C. is not able to cover the needs. Therefore military developments are limited by the budget shortage. Consequently, the optimization of the resources allocation is an important issue. This research develops a policy to distribute the limited budget by considering the defense budget based on three items namely, personnel, maintenance, operating cost and the military investments using the bilevel programming to develop an optimal policy for the distribution of national defense budget. The bilevel model is solved by considering the history data of the national defense budget distribution to test the accuracy of the model. This bilevel model considers the maximization of the overall value of budget distribution under the idea of minimizing the difference of the ration of funded amount over request amount among the requesting units.
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Yang, Hong-Da, and 楊宏達. "A Study of Budget Allocation Model for Road Maintenance Projects." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12227339638029880112.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
95
In the past, budget allocation mainly focused on the newly-built project (e.g., build a new road or building), the road budget allocation has not been paid attention till time. For example, a governmental agency proposes maintenance demand of $ 307,990 thousand in 1996, while the subsequent budget allocation of $ 147,352 thousand. There is a great gap between maintenance demand and the real resource allocation. Hence, it is important to find the priority of road budget allocation, under limited budget resources. This study presents a pre-selection and scheduling model based on analytic hierarch process (AHP) and constraint programming (CP). Nine influence factors of the road maintenance budget allocation have been established in this study. The expert questionnaire has been applied to calculate all influence factors of the weights and the simple additive weighting method have been used to calculate the total score of each cases, and consequently to determine the rank of priority. This study develops a Road Maintenance Project Budget Allocation and Scheduling Model based on constraint programming (CP). Under the budget and schedule constraints, the optimal maintenance strategy of roads can be selected by this model, considering manpower resource, activity relationship, budget and duration.
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Chen, Jung-Da, and 陳忠達. "A Multi-Criteria Model for the Military Budget Plan Developing Projects." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09043071301937996919.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學管理學院
財務管理學系
100
This study involves deciding what new projects to include in the National Military Budget using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), where there is a interdependent and feedback relationship between the different criterion for decision-making. We examined current literature to find the main influential criteria that must be taken into consideration during the decision making process and propose a reasonable research method that involves using the methods of analytic network process (ANP) and decision-making, trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to establish MCDM models to analyze the four new projects proposed by the decision-making body. Other than our goal to establish a model for ordering new projects in the National Military Budget, we also hope to use the DEMATEL method in the decision-making process to find the causal relationships and the strength of correlations between various criteria. Meanwhile, in our quantitative research, we used the ANP method to provide another choice to decision-makers when comparing new projects. This study found that "Project C-Maintenance of Simulators" is the priority in the budget, and our research may be used as a reference when decision-makers are choosing what new projects to include in the National Military Budget.
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Chen, Sue-Fung, and 陳淑芳. "A Quantitative Model for Integrated Advertising Budget with Media Allocation Decisions." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82964387722583398335.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農產運銷學系
85
Parsons(1992)指出行銷的黃金年代已結束，廣告與促銷又將是成本刪減 的最後防線，一旦刪減廣告預算支出將危及公司的生存。本研究以數學規 劃理論，提供整合廣告預算支出與媒體分配決策的方法。本研究以層級式 生產計劃之數學模式為核心架構，整合廣告預算與媒體分配兩決策，分成 兩階段求解：在階段一，應用線性規劃方式，輔以LINDO軟體在各媒體型 態使用次數之上下限及各媒體型態需創造的銷售額下限考慮下，尋求最小 廣告預算及各媒體型態之最佳使用次數；在階段二，應用分解式( disaggregation)求解方式，輔以本研究撰寫之程式，在各媒體型態之各 種可使用媒體工具之使用次數上下限，經由分配上一層級之最適媒體型態 之使用次數，尋求媒體工具總成本最小。
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Chang, Ling-Cheng, and 張凌誠. "Model-based Computing Budget Allocation for G/G Queue System Simulations." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50633513309799879519.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
96
Parameter setting to minimize the expected waiting time in G/G queue systems is an important issue. Regression models are constructed to describe the relationship between the expected waiting time and the parameter setting to search for the optimal setting. In the literature, Cheng and Kleijnen, Yang, Ankenman and Nelson have proposed procedures to choose setting levels needed to be simulated and the number of replication for each level. However, their models consider only one decision variable, i.e., the traffic intensity rate or the throughput rate. We propose a procedure, referred to as Model-based Computing Budget Allocation (MCBA), which combines the queuing theory and the optimum design of experiment to solve the budget allocation problem with multiple decision variables. Our approach approximates the expected waiting time with polynomial functions based on formulas developed in queuing theories and sequentially decides which parameter settings are needed to be simulated based on the concept of D-optimality. To verify the performance of MCBA, we study two cases. The first case is a G/G/1 queuing problem with the optimal parameter setting difficult to determine. The second case has an additional binary decision variable representing two different dispatching rules. Compared with the results of Optimal Computing Budget Allocation (OCBA), the proposed approach is observed to achieve higher probability of correct selection under the same simulation cost.