Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bubbles

Academic literature on the topic 'Bubbles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bubbles"

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Zhang, Peng-li, and Shu-yu Lin. "Study on Bubble Cavitation in Liquids for Bubbles Arranged in a Columnar Bubble Group." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 5292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245292.

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In liquids, bubbles usually exist in the form of bubble groups. Due to their interaction with other bubbles, the resonance frequency of bubbles decreases. In this paper, the resonance frequency of bubbles in a columnar bubble group is obtained by linear simplification of the bubbles’ dynamic equation. The correction coefficient between the resonance frequency of the bubbles in the columnar bubble group and the Minnaert frequency of a single bubble is given. The results show that the resonance frequency of bubbles in the bubble group is affected by many parameters such as the initial radius of bubbles, the number of bubbles in the bubble group, and the distance between bubbles. The initial radius of the bubbles and the distance between bubbles are found to have more significant influence on the resonance frequency of the bubbles. When the distance between bubbles increases to 20 times the bubbles’ initial radius, the coupling effect between bubbles can be ignored, and after that the bubbles’ resonance frequency in the bubble group tends to the resonance frequency of a single bubble’s resonance frequency. Fluent software is used to simulate the bubble growth, shrinkage, and collapse of five and seven bubbles under an ultrasonic field. The simulation results show that when the bubble breaks, the two bubbles at the outer field first begin to break and form a micro-jet along the axis line of the bubbles. Our methods and conclusions will provide a reference for further simulations and indicate the significance of the prevention or utilization of cavitation.
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Zhao, Zhi Xin, Jian Hua Niu, Lan Huang, and Huan Ran Wang. "Simulation of the Motion of Two Bubbles in Aluminum Foams Produced Process by Using Level Set Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 757 (April 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.757.13.

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In this paper, the three-dimensional motion of two bubbles in melt Aluminum was simulated by using level set method. Through changing the positions and sizes of two bubbles, the influence of bubbles wake flow and their interaction are considered. Our numerical simulations demonstrate the bubbles characteristic behavior such as distortion, attraction, and repulsion. The velocity field around the bubbles reveals the interaction between the wakes of two bubbles in fluid dynamics. For the two bubbles placed horizontally or vertically, it is found that the coalescence of bubbles may happen when 50% of the below bubble’s projected area enters the wake zone of the upper bubble.
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Bettaieb, Afef, Nabila Filali, Taoufik Filali, and Habib Ben Aissia. "An efficient algorithm for overlapping bubbles segmentation." Computer Optics 44, no. 3 (June 2020): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-605.

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Image processing is an effective method for characterizing various two-phase gas/liquid flow systems. However, bubbly flows at a high void fraction impose significant challenges such as diverse bubble shapes and sizes, large overlapping bubble clusters occurrence, as well as out-of-focus bubbles. This study describes an efficient multi-level image processing algorithm for highly overlapping bubbles recognition. The proposed approach performs mainly in three steps: overlapping bubbles classification, contour segmentation and arcs grouping for bubble reconstruction. In the first step, we classify bubbles in the image into a solitary bubble and overlapping bubbles. The purpose of the second step is overlapping bubbles segmentation. This step is performed in two subsequent steps: at first, we classify bubble clusters into touching and communicating bubbles. Then, the boundaries of communicating bubbles are split into segments based on concave point extraction. The last step in our algorithm addresses segments grouping to merge all contour segments that belong to the same bubble and circle/ellipse fitting to reconstruct the missing part of each bubble. An application of the proposed technique to computer generated and high-speed real air bubble images is used to assess our algorithm. The developed method provides an accurate and computationally effective way for overlapping bubbles segmentation. The accuracy rate of well segmented bubbles we achieved is greater than 90 % in all cases. Moreover, a computation time equal to 12 seconds for a typical image (1 Mpx, 150 overlapping bubbles) is reached.
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Cai, Runze, Jiao Sun, and Wenyi Chen. "Experimental Investigation on the Dynamic Characteristics of Bubble-in-Chain Near a Vertical Wall." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2024): 6076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146076.

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The motion of near-wall bubble-in-chain, which is a crucial aspect of the study of near-wall bubble flows, involves not only the wall effect but also the interactions between bubbles. However, there have been few studies on this topic. In this study, we investigated the motion of near-wall bubble-in-chain using a dual-camera orthogonal shadow method and tracked bubbles using image processing and feature matching techniques. Considering both the wall effect and bubble generation frequency, we discussed the statistical characteristics, motion modes, dynamic characteristics, and energy evolution of bubbles. The results demonstrate that an increase in bubble generation frequency leads to a greater deviation of bubble trajectories from the wall and an increase in trajectory amplitude while weakening the suppression of bubble speed by the wall. Furthermore, changes in both bubble equivalent diameter and drag coefficient reveal how bubble generation frequency affects their shape stability during motion as well as regulation by the wall effect. The drag coefficient decreases with increasing Reynolds number for bubbles; however, an increase in bubble generation frequency broadens its distribution range. Additionally, it is evident that the wall effect significantly impacts drag characteristics for bubbles: uncollided bubbles experience increased drag coefficients with greater distance from the wall while collided bubbles exhibit decreased drag coefficients. In cases of high generation frequency, the conversion of kinetic energy to surface energy during bubble collisions, especially the enhancement of the peak of surface energy, indicates an increase in the bubble’s energy storage capacity and energy conversion efficiency. The findings not only enhance comprehension of behavior exhibited by near-wall bubbles but also offer a novel perspective for regulating near-wall bubble flows in industrial applications.
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Noguchi, Ryo, Ayako Yano, and Kenji Amagai. "Behaviors of Bubbles Trapped in Film Coating during Spray Gun Coating and Its Influences on Coating Defects." Coatings 13, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111860.

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In this paper, we investigated the behaviors of bubbles entrained in a film coating during spray coating. Air bubbles that remain in a film coating after diluent evaporation cause coating defects called bubbling defects, including fish-eye and crater defects. In this study, the visualization of a film coating revealed that smaller bubbles in the film shrank slowly and disappeared, while larger bubbles remained. These remaining bubbles grew during the heating process for the drying of the film coating. The shrinking phenomenon was explained using bubble dynamics based on the Young–Laplace equation of a bubble’s inner pressure and Henry’s law for bubble gas dissolution into the film coating. This shrinking model is often used in studies on microbubble dynamics. The results suggested the importance of avoiding the entrainment of large bubbles during the spraying process and enhancing the release of air bubbles from the film coating’s surface through the appropriate usage of defoaming agents.
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Meernik, P. R., and M. C. Yuen. "An Optical Method for Determining Bubble Size Distributions—Part I:Theory." Journal of Fluids Engineering 110, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3243551.

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A new optical technique is developed to determine the size distribution of bubbles in a two-phase flow. Implementation involves passing a narrow beam of light through the bubbly flow and monitoring the transmitted light intensity. The basic units of data are the rate at which each bubble blocks off the beam and the duration of blockage. Adding the hypothesis that the distance of closest approach between a bubble’s center and the beam axis is randomly distributed, a statistical analysis yields the bubble size distribution.
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Han, Rui, Jiayi Chen, and Taikun Guo. "A Modified Phase-Transition Model for Multi-Oscillations of Spark-Generated Bubbles." Inventions 8, no. 5 (October 23, 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8050131.

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The main composition within a spark-generated bubble primarily consists of vapor, accompanied by a minor presence of noncondensable gases. The phase transition exerts a substantial influence on bubble dynamics throughout various stages, a facet that has been frequently overlooked in prior research. In this study, we introduce a modified theoretical model aimed at accurately predicting the multiple oscillations of spark-generated bubbles. Leveraging the Plesset equation, which integrates second-order corrections for compressibility and non-equilibrium evaporation, we further incorporate the thermal boundary layer approximation for bubbles, as proposed by Zhong et al. We employ an adjusted phase transition duration tailored to the unique characteristics of spark-generated bubbles. Furthermore, we meticulously ascertain initial conditions through repeated gas content measurements within the bubble. Our proposed theoretical model undergoes rigorous validation through quantitative comparisons with experimental data, yielding commendable agreement in modeling the dynamic behavior of bubbles across multiple cycles. Remarkably, we uncover that the condensation rate significantly governs the behavior of spark bubbles during their initial two cycles. Finally, we investigate the dependence of spark-generated bubble dynamics on the phase transition and the presence of air. Air content exhibits a minimal impact on bubble motion prior to the initial bubble collapse, but plays a role in the bubble’s rebound thereafter.
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Zhou, Ge. "THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM AND RATIONAL BUBBLES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 1432–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100514000972.

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This study provides an infinite-horizon model of rational bubbles in a production economy. A bubble can arise when the pursuit of status is modeled explicitly, capturing the notion of “the spirit of capitalism.” Using a parameterized model, I demonstrate the specific conditions for the existence of bubbles and their implications. Bubbles crowd out investment, stimulate consumption, and slow economic growth. I also discuss a stochastic bubble that bursts with an exogenous probability. I show that there could be multiple stochastic bubbly equilibria. Moreover, I suggest that taxing wealth properly can eliminate bubbles and achieve the social optimum.
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Prakash, Vivek N., J. Martínez Mercado, Leen van Wijngaarden, E. Mancilla, Y. Tagawa, Detlef Lohse, and Chao Sun. "Energy spectra in turbulent bubbly flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 791 (February 15, 2016): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.49.

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We conduct experiments in a turbulent bubbly flow to study the nature of the transition between the classical $-5/3$ energy spectrum scaling for a single-phase turbulent flow and the $-3$ scaling for a swarm of bubbles rising in a quiescent liquid and of bubble-dominated turbulence. The bubblance parameter (Lance & Bataille J. Fluid Mech., vol. 222, 1991, pp. 95–118; Rensen et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 538, 2005, pp. 153–187), which measures the ratio of the bubble-induced kinetic energy to the kinetic energy induced by the turbulent liquid fluctuations before bubble injection, is often used to characterise bubbly flow. We vary the bubblance parameter from $b=\infty$ (pseudoturbulence) to $b=0$ (single-phase flow) over 2–3 orders of magnitude (0.01–5) to study its effect on the turbulent energy spectrum and fluctuations in liquid velocity. The probability density functions (PDFs) of the fluctuations in liquid velocity show deviations from the Gaussian profile for $b>0$, i.e. when bubbles are present in the system. The PDFs are asymmetric with higher probability in the positive tails. The energy spectra are found to follow the $-3$ scaling at length scales smaller than the size of the bubbles for bubbly flows. This $-3$ spectrum scaling holds not only in the well-established case of pseudoturbulence, but surprisingly in all cases where bubbles are present in the system ($b>0$). Therefore, it is a generic feature of turbulent bubbly flows, and the bubblance parameter is probably not a suitable parameter to characterise the energy spectrum in bubbly turbulent flows. The physical reason is that the energy input by the bubbles passes over only to higher wavenumbers, and the energy production due to the bubbles can be directly balanced by the viscous dissipation in the bubble wakes as suggested by Lance & Bataille (1991). In addition, we provide an alternative explanation by balancing the energy production of the bubbles with viscous dissipation in the Fourier space.
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Loisy, Aurore, Aurore Naso, and Peter D. M. Spelt. "Buoyancy-driven bubbly flows: ordered and free rise at small and intermediate volume fraction." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 816 (March 3, 2017): 94–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.64.

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Various expressions have been proposed previously for the rise velocity of gas bubbles in homogeneous steady bubbly flows, generally a monotonically decreasing function of the bubble volume fraction. For suspensions of freely moving bubbles, some of these are of the form expected for ordered arrays of bubbles, and vice versa, as they do not reduce to the behaviour expected theoretically in the dilute limit. The microstructure of weakly inhomogeneous bubbly flows not being known generally, the effect of microstructure is an important consideration. We revisit this problem here for bubbly flows at small to moderate Reynolds number values for deformable bubbles, using direct numerical simulation and analysis. For ordered suspensions, the rise velocity is demonstrated not to be monotonically decreasing with volume fraction due to cooperative wake interactions. The fore-and-aft asymmetry of an isolated ellipsoidal bubble is reversed upon increasing the volume fraction, and the bubble aspect ratio approaches unity. Recent work on rising bubble pairs is used to explain most of these results; the present work therefore forms a platform of extending the former to suspensions of many bubbles. We adopt this new strategy also to support the existence of the oblique rise of ordered suspensions, the possibility of which is also demonstrated analytically. Finally, we demonstrate that most of the trends observed in ordered systems also appear in freely evolving suspensions. These similarities are supported by prior experimental measurements and attributed to the fact that free bubbles keep the same neighbours for extended periods of time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bubbles"

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Pierce, Michael M. (Michael Murray). "Japanese Real Estate Investment Trusts : champagne bubbles or price bubble." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33179.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-81).
In September 2001 the Japanese real estate industry marked a new era of real estate investments by issuing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange the first Japan Real Estate Investment Trust (JREIT). The initial JREIT performance was not so impressive. Now, as the Japanese economy continues to recover and more investors are looking to real estate securitization as a means of limiting balance sheet liability and increase real estate investment liquidity, the JREIT is becoming a popular investment vehicle. On the surface the public securitization of real estate seems a great opportunity for the average investor to participate in real estate investment while keeping liquidity. What is the real story behind the JREIT: Are the assets in the JREIT overpriced? Is the race to issue new JREITs forming a price bubble in the Tokyo central business district? Is the JREIT a safe investment, or it just a way for real estate firms to pass off the associated risks of overpriced real estate? This paper will consider the status of the Japanese economy, the real estate industry, and the JREIT market from its beginnings to current levels.
by Michael M. Pierce.
S.M.
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Hogan, C. J. "Cosmic Radiation Bubbles|Cosmic Structure from Radiation-Blown Bubbles." Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona (Tucson, Arizona), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623920.

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McMahon, Andrew Martin. "Modelling the flow behaviour of gas bubbles in a bubble column." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5441.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-99).
The bubble column reactor is commonly used in industry, although the fluid dynamics inside are not well understood. The challenges associated with solving multi phase flow problems arise from the complexity of the governing equations which have to be solved, which are typically mass, momentum and energy balances. These time-dependent problems need to include effects of turbulence and are computationally expensive when simulating the hydrodynamics of large bubble columns. In an attempt to reduce the computational expense in solving bubble column reactor models, a "cell" model is proposed which predicts the velocity flow field in the vicinity of a single spherical bubble. It is intended that this model would form the fundamental building block in a macroscale model framework that does predict the flow of multiple bubbles in the whole column. The non-linear Navier-Stokes (NVS) equations are used to model fluid flow around the bubble. This study focusses on the Reynolds number range where the linear Stokes equations can be used to accurately predict the flow around the bubble. The Stokes equations are mathematically easier to solve than the NVS equations and are thus less computationally expensive. The validity of the NVS model was tested against experimental data for the flow of water around a solid sphere and was found to be in close agreement for the Reynolds number range 25 to 80. The simulation results from the Stokes flow model were compared with those from the NVS flow model and were similar at Reynolds numbers below 1. The application is then in the partitioning of the bubble column into regions governed by either Stokes or NVS equations.
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Buchsteiner, Henri. "Valuation and bubbles." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610800.

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Chong, Jieyang. "Dating mildly explosive bubbles using a rolling window." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98930/1/Jieyang_Chong_Thesis.pdf.

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Recent research on date-stamping asset pricing bubbles has focussed on the use of recursive and rolling-recursive regressions. This thesis evaluates a simpler and perhaps neglected approach to the date-stamping of bubbles – the rolling window unit root testing approach – and provides a comprehensive comparison of its performance against the recursive and rolling-recursive methods. The rolling window approach is easier to implement than the recursive and rolling-recursive methods in that it is computationally less demanding and does not require non-standard limit theory. Results of simulation experiments as well as empirical applications suggest that the rolling window approach is superior to the two alternative methods.
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Yurdakul, Saruhan. "Electrophoresis of electrogenerated bubbles." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58542.

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The fundamental understanding of the interfacial charge on gas bubbles and the consequences of such charge are essential in understanding the behaviour of physicochemical systems involving liquid/gas and solid/liquid/gas interfaces. Such interfaces are involved in many industrial processes such as electrolytic gas evolution, particle flotation and bubble coalescence. The knowledge of such interfaces will aid mass transfer calculations. This thesis describes the application of a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) system to the measurement of bubble electrophoretic mobilities, giving a measure of adsorbed charge. Single bubbles were electrogenerated in surfactant-free electrolytes, characterised by bubble rise rates, and their behaviour investigated in an electric field applied parallel to the direction of rise, so that, depending on the field direction, an increase or a decrease in the rise velocities was obtained. This field orientation served to decouple the hydrodynamic and field-induced charge polarisation. The velocity measurements using LDA showed a large degree of scatter despite numerous modifications to the optics and the signal processing. This culminated in the belief that a double LDA system was necessary to optimise the reliability and accuracy of the technique. Measurements using a Kodak high speed camera and recording system showed that the bubbles were negatively charged over the pH range studied (3-11), as indicated by their migration towards the anode under the influence of an applied electric field, with mobilities showing a radius and field dependence, implying that the adsorbed charge at the gas/electrolyte interface was mobile and polarisable. Large mobilities (10-60 x 10"® m2 s"^ V"^) were observed in comparison with results from previous bubble electrophoresis experiments with lateral fields. This was explained in terms of the enhanced charge polarisation occurring in the parallel electric field to the rise vector. A qualitative explanation for the decoupling of the hydrodynamic and field-induced charge polarisation has also been provided. In a separate series of experiments, under sufficient field conditions to overcome buoyancy forces, rising bubbles were stopped and held stationary. It was shown by extrapolation that bubbles possessed an iso electric point between pH 2 and 3, being positively charged below pH 2 and negatively charged above pH 3, supporting the hypothesis that the preferential adsorption of OH /H+ ions gives rise to the net charge. A laser reflection technique was investigated to measure the thickness of a liquid film formed between a bubble and the planar gas/electrolyte interface when they are in close proximity of each other. Preliminary investigations on macroscopic soap films showed the technique to be suitable for studying film thinning rates, though further refinement is necessary to study microscopic transient films. Electrophoresis measurements using a high speed camera have shown that bubbles preferentially adsorbed OH-/H+ ions from the solution in the absence of surfactants. This charge resided on a highly mobile interface and could be polarised by the actions of the hydrodynamics and the electric field. The laser Doppler anemometer system requires further development to achieve more accurate bubble velocity profiles in order to detect the small changes that occur.
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Geerolf, François. "Bubbles and asset supply." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0029.

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Ce travail de thèse est composé de cinq chapitres unis par une idée commune; celle que l'accumulation de capital n'est plus le facteur limitant de la croissance dans nos économies dévelopées, ce que je montre dans le chapitre 1. Dans ce contexte, un excès d'épargne peut naturellement conduire à l'émergence de bulles spéculatives. En particulier, ces bulles ont davantage tendance à apparaître sur les actifs qui peuvent être utilisés en garantie pour les emprunts, et ceux qui sont difficiles à vendre à découvert - notamment les actifs immobiliers. Je montre aussi que les bulles rationnelles peuvent très bien croître plus rapidement que le taux d'intérêt, et exploser de manière endogène aux contraintes institutionnelles. Une politique monétaire accommodante peut favoriser l'émergence de ces bulles comme les décourager, suivant le type d'actifs considéré (chapitre 2). Dans le chapitre 3, je montre que les bulles spéculatives peuvent amener simultanément une hausse de la consommation, de la production, de l'investissement, et des heures travailllées; elles pourraient donc être une alternative aux chocs de productivité pour expliquer les cycles macroéconomiques. Dans les économies ouvertes, les bulles immobilières expliquent ainsi les variations de comptes courants comme on le voit dans le chapitre 4, les actifs immobiliers étant majoritairement détenus par les résidents. Enfin, le chapitre 5 montre que la taxation du capital joue ici un rôle ambigu: d'un côté, elle décourage l'accumulation du capital; mais de l'autre, elle rend les liquidités disponibles pour l'accumulation du capital en diminuant l'offre d'actifs, notamment celle liée à la rente foncière
This dissertation is composed of five chapters, all of which are united by the idea that capital is not scarce any more in our economies, and that the resulting low interest rates environment can open up the possibility for the emergence of rational speculative bubbles. The first chapter of the thesis uses national accounts and balance sheets data to show that capital income coming from investment is much lower than was previously thought, always lower than investment in Japan, which points to the idea of excess savings. In the second chapter of this thesis, I show that leverage and short-sales constraints are crucial in understanding the formation and the location of rational speculative bubbles. It generates procyclical leverage without the assumption of "scary bad news", return predictability, and equilibrium default. It helps us think about the effect of margin requirements, financial deregulation, and that of central bank's actions on asset prices. In chapter 3, I show that rational speculative bubbles can drive the business cycle, inducing positive comovement between consumption, hours worked, investment and production, thus being an alternative to productivity shocks to drive macroeconomic fluctuations. The results in chapter 4 suggest that asset overvaluations could drive international business cycles as well, inducing current account deficits. Finally, the chapter 5 is a first step towards thinking about capital taxation in a world with very abundant savings: on the one hand, capital taxation crowds out capital accumulation by discouraging savings, but on the other hand it reduces asset supply and thus helps free resources for investment
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Yang, Ching-Ting. "Stretching bubbles: pressure releasing." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5686.

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My pieces are inspired by bubble wrap. I was inspired by a Japanese toy which you can squeeze it unlimited times to help people to release there pressures. As the same way, some people like to pop the bubbles from bubble wraps. I used this idea to make my jewelry projects to represent how people act while they suffer from stress and how they release pressure. Based on this idea, you can see the shapes or forms of my works have various possibilities, some of them are simple but others are complicated assemblies. People have various ways to handle stress. Wearing jewelry shows not only their personality but also their emotion. While they sometimes choose their jewelry pieces based on beauty they also choose them based on their emotions. I transformed two-dimensional flat sheets of bubble wrap into three-dimensional forms by stretching and folding them. I also experimented with various materials including plastic, resin, metal, and wood. Most of my works are brooches, rings, and necklaces.
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Yang, Chun. "Attachment of fine gas bubbles onto a solid surface and electrokinetics of gas bubbles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0013/NQ60043.pdf.

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憲司, 吉田. "Study on non-spherical vibration of bubbles and interaction among bubbles in ultrasonic field." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB10315263/?lang=0, 2009. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB10315263/?lang=0.

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Books on the topic "Bubbles"

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Appelt, Kathi. Bubbles, bubbles. [New York, NY]: HarperFestival, 2001.

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Fumi, Kosaka, ed. Bubbles, bubbles. New York: Scholastic, 2002.

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Appelt, Kathi. Bubbles, bubbles. [New York, NY]: HarperFestival, 2001.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Some problems of the theory of bubble growth and condensation in bubble chambers. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Berger, Melvin. Bubbles, bubbles everywhere. New York: Newbridge Communications, 1996.

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Salas, Laura Purdie. Bubbles float, bubbles pop. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2011.

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Prince, Peter. Bubbles. London: Bloomsbury, 2000.

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Laloli, Clare. Bubbles. Auckland, New Zealand: Shortland Publications Ltd, 1993.

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Winch, Gordon. Bubbles. Alexandria, N.S.W: Blake Education, 1995.

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Mahalawy, Magda El. Bubbles! (Egypt): Egyptian International Publishing and Longman, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bubbles"

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Xu, Jinchao, Xiaodong Wang, Long Zhu, Donghui Zhou, and Jun Zhao. "Study on Air Bubble Plume in Open Channel with CFD-PBM Coupling Model." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1261–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_110.

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AbstractAir bubble plume flow has been applied widely in the dredging, ice breaking, and pollution control at navigation projects. But the interaction regimes among bubbles or between bubbles and water are not quite clear. Especially in open channels, the bubble plume flow are significantly affected by the separation phenomenon which is caused by the cross flow velocity. According to the existing research, the interaction force of gas-liquid and the distribution of bubble size are the key parameters to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of bubble plume flow. In order to explore the mechanism of air bubbles entrained plumes in open channels, an Eulerian-Eulerian approach for air-water flows numerical model was introduced, and the population balance model (PBM) was included to describe the distribution of bubble size. The cross flow velocity of open channels has been discussed in the proposed numerical model. It shows that the separation of bubble plume is strongly influenced by the cross flow velocity. The influence of these parameters on the movement characteristics of air bubbles is studied. The results indicate that the cross flow velocity has great impact on bubble plume as well as the lifting effectiveness of pneumatic sluicing. This research provides references for bubble plume in engineering applications.
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Gong, Lanxin, Changhong Peng, and Zhenze Zhang. "Study on Coupling Effect and Dynamic Behavior of Double Bubbles Rising Process." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 973–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_82.

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AbstractGas-liquid two-phase flow widely exists in nuclear energy engineering, in which bubble movement and deformation are critical problems. Because the activity of bubbles in the fluid is a very complex physical process, and the movement process is a flow field-bubble coupling process, which has strong nonlinearity and unsteady, the relevant research is usually based on experiments and simulation.We built a medium-sized experimental device to generate double bubbles with different sizes and characteristic numbers and recorded the motion trajectory with a high-speed camera. We developed and improved the image processing method to obtain high-quality bubble motion information and realized a good capture of bubble shape and rotation.The experimental results show that in the two bubbles rising successively, the trailing bubble is affected by the trailing field of the leading bubble, and the bubble velocity, relative distance, deformation rate, and other parameters change accordingly. In addition, through simulation, we get the interaction mechanism of the bubbles under experimental conditions. The results show that the coupling leads to flow field velocity and pressure changes, which explains the experimental results. The research results are helpful for a thorough understanding of the law of bubble movement and provide empirical data support for developing a thermal-hydraulic model.
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Crighton, D. G., A. P. Dowling, J. E. Ffowcs Williams, M. Heckl, and F. G. Leppington. "Bubbles." In Modern Methods in Analytical Acoustics, 595–609. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0399-8_21.

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Kindleberger, Charles P. "Bubbles." In The World of Economics, 20–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21315-3_3.

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Hendricks, Vincent F., and Pelle G. Hansen. "Bubbles." In Infostorms, 85–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03832-2_7.

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Himino, Ryozo. "Bubbles." In The Japanese Banking Crisis, 9–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9598-1_2.

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Barnes, John. "Bubbles." In Gems of Geometry, 137–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30964-9_6.

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Hendricks, Vincent F., and Pelle G. Hansen. "Bubbles." In Infostorms, 205–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32765-5_10.

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Barnes, John. "Bubbles." In Gems of Geometry, 129–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05092-3_6.

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Porras, Eva R. "Bubbles." In Bubbles and Contagion in Financial Markets, Volume 1, 201–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137358769_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bubbles"

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Wendel, Mark, Ashraf Abdou, and Bernard Riemer. "Choked-Flow Inlet Orifice Bubbler for Creating Small Bubbles in Mercury." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16017.

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Pressure waves created in liquid mercury pulsed spallation targets like the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, induce cavitation damage on the target container. The cavitation damage is thought to limit the lifetime of the target for power levels at and above 1 MW. One way to mitigate the damage would be to absorb the pressure pulse energy into a dispersed population of small bubbles, however, creating a bubble size distribution that is sufficiently large and disperse in mercury is challenging due to the high surface tension. Also, measuring the population is complicated by the opacity and the high level of turbulent mixing. Recent advances in bubble diagnostics by batch sampling the mercury made it possible to compare bubble populations for different techniques in a SNS-1/20th scale test loop. More than 10 bubblers were tested and the most productive bubblers were taken for in-beam testing at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) WNR user facility. One bubbler design, referred to as the inlet-orifice bubbler, that showed moderate success in creating populations also has an added advantage that it could easily be included in the existing SNS full-scale mercury target configuration. Improvements to the bubbler were planned including a reduction of the nozzle size to choke the gas injection, thus steadying the injected mass flow and allowing multiple nozzles to work off of a common plenum. For the first time, reliable bubble population data are available in the prototypical target geometry and can be compared with populations that mitigated cavitation damage. This paper presents those experimental results.
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Unger, Bruce T., and Philip L. Marston. "Optically stimulated sound from gas bubbles in water: radiation pressure and resonance response." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tud6.

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We detected high-frequency sound radiated by individual gas bubbles in response to modulated green light from an Ar laser. The bubbles were surrounded by clear water. They were prevented from rising by contact with a thin glass plate or with a clear Mylar film. Bubble radii were in the 20-100-μm range. Each bubble was first illuminated by short pulses, well separated in time, with a peak power ≃2 W. Sound radiated from the bubbles exhibited the ringing of a damped oscillator. This is evidence of monopole oscillations of the bubble's surface in which the surrounding water provides the inertia and the gas within impedes compression and acts like a spring.1 The resonance frequency f R was found by Fourier trans forming this signature; typically f R < 150 kHz and f R was close to the predicted monopole resonance frequency. Bubbles were subsequently illuminated with bursts of pulses with a frequency f ≃ f R . The resulting sound was characterized by an initial buildup of its amplitude which is the expected resonance response of an oscillator. The mechanism for driving the oscillations appears to be the compression of the bubble by modulated optical radiation pressure rather than thermal expansion. The transfer of momentum is thought to occur at the total reflection region of the bubble’s surface.
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Pelletier, Angela R., Ian A. McKelvey, and Joseph Katz. "Effect of Bubbles on Flow Induced Vibration." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93968.

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The effects of a turbulent, bubbly boundary layer on wall skin friction have been investigated in numerous previous studies. However, the impact of such a multiphase flow on fluid-structure interactions has not been studied. To this end, the present project examines experimentally the effect of a bubbly boundary layer on the vibration of a vertical plate. Using a combination of accelerometers and pressure transducers, we simultaneously measure the plate vibrations and wall pressure fluctuations for varying flow rates, gas void fractions, and characteristic bubble sizes. The results show that the presence of bubbles substantially increases both the plate vibrations and the wall pressure fluctuations. The vibrations increase by up to 20 dB compared to the same flow without bubbles. The spectra of vibrations become broad and vary significantly with the characteristic bubble size. The variations with bubble size are consistent with the resonant frequency of the bubbles, indicating that, in addition to changing the compressibility of the medium, individual bubbles act at sources.
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Huang, Ying, and Puzhen Gao. "A Numerical Simulation on Effects of Distance Between Bubble and the Wall on Behavior of Rising Bubble." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16641.

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A numerical investigation of two-dimensional air bubble behaviors under the effect of gravity in still water based on the VOF (Volume-Of-Fluid) method is carried out. Initially, the surface tension effects on the behavior of the bubble is analyzed, which contains the simulation of the ascending motion of a single air bubble in liquid and the study of the interaction between bubbles in terms of coalescence. Additionally, the differences of single bubble’s rising motion in an infinite surroundings and in a vertical narrow channel are analyzed. The coalescence of bubbles is also studied. The motion of bubbles with different diameters in a vertical channel is simulated. It is found that the bubbles’ behavior depends on the distance between the bubble and the wall. Finally, numerical simulation of the motion of several bubbles of the same size, at the same initial horizontal position and with uniform distribution is carried out. The result reveals that the bubbles at different distances from the wall have different velocities, after a while, the bubbles distribution presents as “U”.
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Wendel, Mark, Bernard Riemer, and Ashraf Abdou. "Measurements of Gas Bubble Size Distributions in Flowing Liquid Mercury." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72015.

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Pressure waves created in liquid mercury pulsed spallation targets have been shown to induce cavitation damage on the target container. One way to mitigate such damage would be to absorb the pressure pulse energy into a dispersed population of small bubbles, however, measuring such a population in mercury is difficult since it is opaque and the mercury is involved in a turbulent flow. Ultrasonic measurements have been attempted on these types of flows, but the flow noise can interfere with the measurement, and the results are unverifiable and often unrealistic. Recently, a flow loop was built and operated at Oak Ridge National Labarotory to assess the capability of various bubbler designs to deliver an adequate population of bubbles to mitigate cavitation damage. The invented diagnostic technique involves flowing the mercury with entrained gas bubbles in a steady state through a horizontal piping section with a glass-window observation port located on the top. The mercury flow is then suddenly stopped and the bubbles are allowed to settle on the glass due to buoyancy. Using a bright-field illumination and a high-speed camera, the arriving bubbles are detected and counted, and then the images can be processed to determine the bubble populations. After using this technique to collect data on each bubbler, bubble size distributions were built for the purpose of quantifying bubbler performance, allowing the selection of the best bubbler options. This paper presents the novel procedure, photographic technique, sample visual results and some example bubble size distributions. The best bubbler options were subsequently used in proton beam irradiation tests performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The cavitation damage results from the irradiated test plates in contact with the mercury are available for correlation with the bubble populations. The most effective mitigating population can now be designed into prototypical geometries for implementation into an actual SNS target.
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Kanda, Tetsushi, Yuichi Murai, Yuji Tasaka, and Yasushi Takeda. "Dynamics and Optics of Bubble Tracking Velocimetry for Airflow Measurement." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37036.

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Availability of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) that is applied to movie images of soap bubbles in airflow is investigated experimentally. This study is positioned as a basic research for measuring environmental flow with a large spatial scale, such as flows around building, trees, and near-ground airflow boundary layer. Instead of solid fine particles, soap bubbles are used as the airflow tracer for reducing environmental impact. Typical bubble size provided by the present bubble generator is controlled around 20mm, at which the bubbles obviously have relative velocity to the airflow. We report three topics on the bubble tracking velocimetry (BTV) in this paper: 1) optics of bubble-imaging for quantitative visualization, and application to 3-D visualization using color illumination, 2) theoretical estimation of bubble’s relative velocity to airflow based on an equation of bubble’s translational motion, 3) comparison of velocity vector field obtained by the BTV with that from cross-correlation PIV applied for smoke image. For the latter two topics, airflow around a NACA airfoil is chosen as the target of BTV measurement since it causes significant slip motion of soap bubbles from the airflow that accompanies shear rate, convective acceleration, pressure gradient, and separation.
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Murakawa, Hideki, Hiroshige Kikura, Masanori Aritomi, and Michitsugu Mori. "Measurement of Bubbly Flow in a Vertical Pipe Using Ultrasonic Doppler Method." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45384.

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In order to clarify the microscopic flow structure, the ultrasonic Doppler method was applied to the measurement of two-phase bubbly flow in vertical pipe (i.d.50mm). Liquid flow structure might strongly be influenced by the characteristic of the injected bubbles, i.e. bubbles’ size and void fraction. In this study, a bubble generator was newly designed with the purpose to control the bubble size and void fraction, independent of liquid main-flow rate. The experiment was performed at z/d = 66 from the bubble generator. Liquid flow rates were of the Reynolds numbers ranging from Rem = 3700 to 6200. The gas flow rate was constant at JG = 0.00348(m/s) at the measurement position. By analyzing the bubbles’ picture, it was confirmed that bubble size distribution and average bubble size were almost constant if the liquid flow rate were changed. The ultrasonic Doppler method has the capability of measuring the instantaneous velocity profiles of both phases at the same time. By processing the data based on pattern recognition, the recorded data can be classified to several groups. Using this method, the authors have tried to measure the bubbly flow in rectangular channel. In the present study, the application of this method to bubbly flow in circular pipe was satisfactory to obtain the liquid velocity distribution in bubbly flow and surrounding bubbles. From these results, it was clarified that velocity profile in bubbly flow in circular pipe has a maximum value near the pipe wall. Furthermore, velocity profiles around the bubble are influenced by leading bubbles.
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Gong, Xiaobo, Shu Takagi, and Yoichiro Matsumoto. "A Study on the Induced Liquid Velocity in Plumes by Tiny Bubbles." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37674.

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The effect of the bubble-induced liquid velocity on the mass transfer performance in the bubble plume is analyzed quantitatively with numerical simulations. A two-way coupling Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used in the modeling of the bubble plumes with mass transfer. The dissolution of oxygen in bubble plumes with the initial bubble diameters from 100μm to 1mm is simulated. The results show that when a single bubble generator is used with the gas flux rate equals 10−8 cubic meter per second, for the plume with 100μm bubbles inside a 0.1m height cubic tank the maximum of the bubble-induced liquid velocity is over 10 times larger than the bubble’s terminal velocity, and the averaged residence time of bubbles in the plume is around one-tenth of the rising period estimated with the terminal velocity of a single bubble. The result suggests that for bubble plumes in a shallow bulk of water, the benefits of using smaller bubbles for high mass transfer efficiency will be overestimated without considering the reduction of the residence time of bubbles because of the bubble-induced liquid velocity. The present simulation shows that the dissolution efficiency of oxygen for the bubble plume with 100μm bubbles in 0.1m tank is around 1/2 of the theoretical value estimated with a single bubble rising with negligible diameter shrink. Compared with a plume in a 0.1m tank, the shrink of bubble diameter and the scattering of bubbles from the center of plume during their rising in a 0.4m tank attenuate the reduction of the averaged residence time because of the acceleration process as shown in a 0.1m tank. The effect of bubble-induced liquid velocity on the mass transfer efficiency for plumes with initial bubble diameter smaller than 160μm does not present obviously in a 0.4m tank as it does in the shorter tank.
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Lauterborn, W., P. Koch, T. Kurz, R. Mettin, Bengt Enflo, Claes M. Hedberg, and Leif Kari. "Bubble dynamics—from single bubbles to ensembles." In NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS - FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS: 18th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics - ISNA 18. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2956192.

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Zhongwei, Sun, and Hu Wenxiu. "Rational bubbles and implication of bubble economy." In International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme20141872.

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Reports on the topic "Bubbles"

1

Buiter, Willem, and Anne Sibert. Deflationary Bubbles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10642.

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Hong, Harrison, and David Sraer. Quiet Bubbles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18547.

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Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon, and Andrei Shleifer. Diagnostic Bubbles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25399.

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Glaeser, Edward, and Charles Nathanson. Housing Bubbles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20426.

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Jordà, Òscar, Moritz Schularick, and Alan Taylor. Leveraged Bubbles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21486.

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Barberis, Nicholas, Robin Greenwood, Lawrence Jin, and Andrei Shleifer. Extrapolation and Bubbles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21944.

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Greenwood, Robin, Andrei Shleifer, and Yang You. Bubbles for Fama. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23191.

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Kargl, Steven G. Bubbles in Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627572.

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Kargl, Steven G. Bubbles in Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629693.

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Kirby, James T., and Fengyan Shi. Simulating Surfzone Bubbles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572939.

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