Academic literature on the topic 'Bubble/foam lifetimes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bubble/foam lifetimes"
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Briceño-Ahumada, Zenaida, Alesya Mikhailovskaya, and Jennifer A. Staton. "The role of continuous phase rheology on the stabilization of edible foams: A review." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (March 2022): 031302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0078851.
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Foams play an essential role in food. They contribute to the texture, aroma, and mouthfeel of a product; potentially reduce calories; and visually inspire the consumer. Understanding factors that control foam structure and bubble lifetimes is, therefore, of considerable interest. This review focuses on the effect of the continuous phase rheology for bubbly systems with an emphasis on edible foams. We review common biopolymers used to alter the rheology of the continuous phase of food foams and discuss potential mechanisms responsible for the production and stabilization of such systems. Variations to the matrix (i.e., foamulsions and oil-based foams) and the addition of gelling particles are also considered. This review emphasizes the necessity for fine control over the mechanical properties of the continuous phase to achieve the desired sensorial attributes and foam stability in food products. However, the dynamics of viscoelastic food foams are poorly understood due to their complex nature. We, therefore, discuss rheological studies on model foams and provide future directions for research that is in keeping with current trends and challenges in the food industry and culinary arts.
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AbdelKader, Atef. "The effect of cell boundary on 2D foam." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819201011.
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We have studied the effect of cell boundary on 2D foam, with particular attention to perfect arrays of identical bubbles, and those containing only a single defect with time. We have also examined the effect of the wetness of the foam, observing the stability of two-dimensional foam comprising bubble rafts constrained to a fixed area of liquid surface. Perfectly six-fold coordinated foam appear to be unstable against loss of cohesion, but the lifetime to breakage of the perfect foam increases systematically with changing the cell boundaries. Foams containing a single defect are stable against such breakage due to the elastic stress fields around it.
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del Castillo-Santaella, Teresa, Yan Yang, Inmaculada Martínez-González, María José Gálvez-Ruiz, Miguel Ángel Cabrerizo-Vílchez, Juan Antonio Holgado-Terriza, Fernando Selles-Galiana, and Julia Maldonado-Valderrama. "Effect of Hyaluronic Acid and Pluronic-F68 on the Surface Properties of Foam as a Delivery System for Polidocanol in Sclerotherapy." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111039.
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The use of foams to deliver bioactive agents and drugs is increasing in pharmaceutics. One example is the use of foam as a delivery system for polidocanol (POL) in sclerotherapy, with the addition of bioactive compounds to improve the delivery system being a current subject of study. This work shows the influence of two bioactive additives on the structure and stability of POL foam: hyaluronic acid (HA) and Pluronic-F68 (F68). HA is a natural non-surface-active biopolymer present in the extracellular matrix while F68 is a surface-active poloxamer that is biocompatible with plasma-derived fluids. Both additives increase the bulk viscosity of the sample, improving foam stability. However, HA doubled and F68 quadruplicated the foam half lifetime of POL. HA reduced the size and polydispersity of the bubble size distribution and increased the surface elasticity with respect to POL. Both facts have a positive impact in terms of foam stability. F68 also altered bubble structure and increased surface elasticity, again contributing to the enhancement of foam stability. The surface characterization of these systems is important, as in foam sclerotherapy it is crucial to assure the presence of POL at the surface of the bubbles in order to deliver the sclerosant agent in the target vein.
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SUN, QICHENG, LIANGHUI TAN, and GUANGQIAN WANG. "LIQUID FOAM DRAINAGE: AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 15 (June 20, 2008): 2333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208039514.
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Liquid foams are concentrated dispersions of gas bubbles in a small amount of surfactant solution, which are perpetually out of equilibrium systems. The process of liquid draining through networks of Plateau borders in a fresh foam is so-called foam drainage, as a result of both gravitational and capillary forces, which has great effect on the stability of foams. From the view of foam physics and dynamics, this paper briefly introduces foam structure and major lifetime limiting factors of foam. The substantial progress on the theory of drainage, measuring techniques for liquid fractions, drainage in both one dimension and two dimensions, and drainage in microgravity circumstances are overviewed throughout. Remaining tasks are discussed and a multiscale methodology for foam drainage is proposed for future investigations.
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Callaghan, Adrian H., Grant B. Deane, and M. Dale Stokes. "Two Regimes of Laboratory Whitecap Foam Decay: Bubble-Plume Controlled and Surfactant Stabilized." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 1114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0148.1.
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Abstract A laboratory experiment to quantify whitecap foam decay time in the presence or absence of surface active material is presented. The investigation was carried out in the glass seawater channel at the Hydraulics Facility of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Whitecaps were generated with focused, breaking wave packets in filtered seawater pumped from La Jolla Shores Beach with and without the addition of the surfactant Triton X-100. Concentrations of Triton X-100 (204 μg L−1) were chosen to correspond to ocean conditions of medium productivity. Whitecap foam and subsurface bubble-plume decay times were determined from digital images for a range of wave scales and wave slopes. The experiment showed that foam lifetime is variable and controlled by subsurface bubble-plume-degassing times, which are a function of wave scale and breaking wave slope. This is true whether or not surfactants are present. However, in the presence of surfactants, whitecap foam is stabilized and persists for roughly a factor of 3 times its clean seawater value. The range of foam decay times observed in the laboratory study lie within the range of values observed in an oceanic dataset obtained off Martha’s Vineyard in 2008.
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Arangalage, Mélanie, Jean-Philippe Gingras, Nicolas Passade-Boupat, François Lequeux, and Laurence Talini. "Asphaltenes at Oil/Gas Interfaces: Foamability Even with No Significant Surface Activity." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010002.
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In the oil industry, oil foams can be found at different steps from the crude oil treatment to the gas stations. Their lifetime can sometimes reach several hours and be much longer than the residence times available for gas/liquid separation. However, the conditions of formation and stability of such foams have been poorly studied in the literature, in contrast to the foamability of aqueous systems. On the fields, it is currently observed that crude oils enriched with asphaltenes form particularly stable foams. In this work, we have studied the influence of asphaltenes on the foamability of oil mixtures. All the experiments were performed on model systems of crude oils, that-is-to-say decane/toluene mixtures containing asphaltenes at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 5 wt%. We in particular demonstrate that, within the investigated concentration range, asphaltenes from two different wells do not have any significant surface active properties despite their contribution to the foamability of oil mixtures. We show that the formation of an asphaltene layer at the interface with air that has been evidenced in the past results from solvent evaporation. Using a recently developed experiment based on the Marangoni effect with our model oils, we demonstrate that asphaltenes are not surface active in those oils. We further characterize the oil foamability by measuring the lifetime of the foam formed by blowing nitrogen through the liquid in a column. At concentrations larger than 1 wt%, asphaltenes significantly enhance the foamability of the oil mixtures. Moreover, the closer the asphaltenes are to their limit of precipitation the larger the foamability. However, we evidence that the oil mixtures themselves foam and we show the importance to consider that effect on the foamability. In addition, we observe that the foamability of the asphaltenes solutions unexpectedly varies with the initial height of the liquid in the column. We suggest that, although not significantly modifying the surface tension, the asphaltenes could be trapped at the oil/gas interface and thus prevent bubble coalescence.
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San, Jingshan, Sai Wang, Jianjia Yu, Ning Liu, and Robert Lee. "Nanoparticle-Stabilized Carbon Dioxide Foam Used In Enhanced Oil Recovery: Effect of Different Ions and Temperatures." SPE Journal 22, no. 05 (February 15, 2017): 1416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179628-pa.
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Summary This paper reports the study of the effect of different ions (monovalent, bivalent, and multiple ions) on nanosilica-stabilized carbon dioxide (CO2) foam generation. CO2 foam was generated by coinjecting CO2/5,000 ppm nanosilica dispersion (dispersed in different concentrations of brine) into a sandstone core under 1,500 psi and at different temperatures. A sapphire observation cell was used to determine the foam texture and foam stability. Pressure drop across the core was measured to estimate the foam mobility. The results indicated that more CO2 foam was generated as the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration increased from 1.0 to 10%. In addition, the foam bubble became smaller and foam stability improved with the increase in NaCl concentration. The CO2-foam mobility decreased from 13.1 to 2.6 md/cp when the NaCl concentration increased from 1 to 10%. For the bivalent ions, the generated CO2-foam mobility decreased from 19.7 to 4.8 md/cp when CaCl2 concentration increased from 0.1 to 1.0%. Synthetic produced water with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 18,583 ppm was prepared to investigate the effect of multiple ions on foam generation. The results showed that stable CO2 foam was generated as the synthetic produced water and nanosilica dispersion/CO2 flowed through a porous medium. The lifetime of the foam was observed to be more than 2 days as the foam stood at room temperature. Mobility of the foam was calculated as 5.2 md/cp.
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Garciadiego Ortega, Eduardo, and Julian RG Evans. "On the energy required to maintain an ocean mirror using the reflectance of foam." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090217750442.
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Among the various interventions proposed to remediate the health and security effects of climate change by solar radiation protection is the proposal to enhance natural ocean whitecap formation. Compared to other solar protection interventions, this is technically simple and quickly terminated. However, it has a drawback: even if the energy be obtained from wind or wave, the power demand to maintain a foam raft determines the capitalization of equipment. The average power demand is inversely related to foam lifetime which can be prolonged by surfactants preferably derived from ingenerate resources. Here, we estimate the associated energy and power demands by identifying the parameters that can be adjusted to moderate the capital cost of implementation. Before dividing by efficiency factors, the range of power demand for an intermediate areal energy requirement of 5 MJ/km2 of ocean varies from 6 to 30 W/km2 for foam lifetime of 10–2 days. The most likely route to deployment is through merchant ship lubrication using bubbly liquids which both reduces fuel consumption and creates an extended wake and is perhaps an example of technical symbiosis.
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Gonzalez Viejo, Claudia, Christopher H. Caboche, Edward D. Kerr, Cassandra L. Pegg, Benjamin L. Schulz, Kate Howell, and Sigfredo Fuentes. "Development of a Rapid Method to Assess Beer Foamability Based on Relative Protein Content Using RoboBEER and Machine Learning Modeling." Beverages 6, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages6020028.
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Foam-related parameters are associated with beer quality and dependent, among others, on the protein content. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict the pattern and presence of 54 proteins. Triplicates of 24 beer samples were analyzed through proteomics. Furthermore, samples were analyzed using the RoboBEER to evaluate 15 physical parameters (color, foam, and bubbles), and a portable near-infrared (NIR) device. Proteins were grouped according to their molecular weight (MW), and a matrix was developed to assess only the significant correlations (p < 0.05) with the physical parameters. Two ML models were developed using the NIR (Model 1), and RoboBEER (Model 2) data as inputs to predict the relative quantification of 54 proteins. Proteins in the 0–20 kDa group were negatively correlated with the maximum volume of foam (MaxVol; r = −0.57) and total lifetime of foam (TLTF; r = −0.58), while those within 20–40 kDa had a positive correlation with MaxVol (r = 0.47) and TLTF (r = 0.47). Model 1 was not as accurate (testing r = 0.68; overall r = 0.89) as Model 2 (testing r = 0.90; overall r = 0.93), which may serve as a reliable and affordable method to incorporate the relative quantification of important proteins to explain beer quality.
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Yang, Xin, and Henry Potter. "A Novel Method to Discriminate Active from Residual Whitecaps Using Particle Image Velocimetry." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204051.
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Whitecap foam generated by wind-driven wave breaking is distinguished as either active (stage A) or residual (stage B). Discrimination of whitecap stages is essential to quantify the influence of whitecaps on the physical and chemical processes at the marine boundary layer. This study provides a novel method to identify whitecap stages based on visible imagery using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Data used are from a Gulf of Mexico cruise where collocated infrared (IR) and visible cameras simultaneously recorded whitecaps. IR images were processed by an established thresholding method to determine stage A lifetime from brightness temperature. The visible images were also filtered using a thresholding method and then processed using PIV to estimate the average whitecap velocity. A linear relationship was established between the lifetime of stage A and the timescale of averaged velocity. This novel method allows stage A whitecap lifetime to be determined using whitecap velocity and provides an objective approach to separate whitecap stages. This method paves the way for future research to easily quantify whitecap stages using affordable off-the-shelf video cameras. Results, which include evidence that whitecaps stop advancing before stage A ends and may be an indication of bubble plume degassing, are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bubble/foam lifetimes"
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Tran, Hoai-Phuong. "Foamability of Oil Mixtures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS117.
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La formation de mousse dans les mélanges d’huiles est un problème courant, par exemple dans les boîtes de vitesses de moteurs électriques. Des agents anti-mousses peuvent être utilisés, mais il est important de comprendre comment se forme la mousse. Les liquides purs ne forment pas de mousse en raison de la courte durée de vie des films liquides, où aucun effet ne s’oppose aux interactions attractives de van der Waals. Toutefois, l’effet permettant d’augmenter les temps de vie des films liquides dans les mélanges d'huiles, et en l'absence d’autres effets stabilisants connus, n'a pas été expliqué. Cette thèse propose un mécanisme à l’origine de cette augmentation. Nous avons mesuré le temps de vie de mousses dans des mélanges binaires dont la composition et la taille des bulles varient. Des expériences sur des bulles uniques formées à la surface d’un bain liquide ont permis de mesurer l’épaisseur du film liquide au moment de sa rupture. Nous démontrons que l’effet stabilisant est dû aux différences de concentration des espèces entre le volume et l’interface avec l’air : le liquide de tension de surface la plus faible a une concentration légèrement supérieure à l’interface et joue ainsi le rôle d’un tensioactif. Nous montrons ensuite comment ces différences de concentration sont reliées aux non-linéarités des variations de la tension de surface du mélange avec sa composition et quelles sont les conséquences sur le temps de vie des films liquides. Enfin, la rhéologie de surface de ces systèmes est plus simple que celle des films de savon et nous proposons une description quantitative de la formation, du drainage et de la rupture des films liquidesFoaming in oil mixtures is a common problem, for example in electric motor gearboxes. Anti-foaming agents can be used, but it is important to understand how foam forms. Pure liquids do not form foams because of the short life of liquid films, where there is no effect against attractive van der Waals interactions. However, the effect at the origin of increased lifetimes of liquid films in oil mixtures, in the absence of other known stabilizing effects, has not been explained. This thesis proposes a mechanism for this increase. We have measured the lifetime of foams in binary mixtures of varying composition and bubble size. Experiments on single bubbles formed on the surface of a liquid bath allowed us to measure the thickness of the liquid film at the time of its rupture. We demonstrate the stabilizing effect is due to differences in species concentration between the volume and the interface with air: the liquid with the lowest surface tension has a slightly higher concentration at the interface and thus acts as a surfactant. We then show how these concentration differences are related to the non-linearities of the variations of the surface tension of the mixture with its composition and what are the consequences on the lifetimes of liquid films. Finally, we show that the surface rheology of these systems is simpler than that of soap films and propose a quantitative description of the formation, drainage and breakup of liquid films
Conference papers on the topic "Bubble/foam lifetimes"
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Martinez, Oscar, and Christopher Blessinger. "ORNL Special Form Testing of Sealed-Source Encapsulations." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-46003.
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In the United States of America all transportation of radioactive material is regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOT), along with input from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Beginning in 2008 a new type of sealed-source encapsulation package was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); these packages contain radioactive material and are regulated and transported in accordance with the requirements set for DOT Class 7 hazardous material. DOT provides regulations pertaining to specific package contents categorized as special form designs. The special form designation indicates that the encapsulated radioactive contents have a very low probability of dispersion even when subjected to significant structural conditions. All ORNL DOT designs have been certified by DOT as being special form materials. The special form designs have been shown to simplify the delivery, transport, acceptance, and receipt process. Simplification of the transportation process makes the sealed-source encapsulation designs very advantageous for shipment to various facilities throughout the lifetime of the special form material. To this end, DOT Certificates of Competent Authority (CoCAs) have been sought for the design suitable for containing high-alpha-activity actinide materials. This design consists of a core of porous zirconia matrix pre-encapsulated within triangular canister (ZipCan) tiles that are then enclosed by a spherical shell. This new ZipCan design and a similar rectangular ZipCube design were tested for compliance with the regulations found in Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 173.469, Tests for Special Form Class 7 (Radioactive) (49 CFR 173.469) materials. The spherical enclosure was subjected to 9 m impact, 1 m percussion, and 10-minute thermal tests. Before and after each test the designs were subjected to a helium leak check and a bubble test. The ZipCan tiles and core were subjected to the tests required for ISO 2919:1999(E), including a Class 4 impact test and heat test, and were subsequently subjected to helium leakage rate tests [49 CFR 173.469(a)(4)(i)]. The impact tile test unit contained a nonradioactive surrogate; however, the thermal test unit contained a radioactive source. All three designs are still undergoing regulatory special form testing, and all three sealed-source encapsulation designs are to be submitted to DOT for CoCAs.
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Corrales, L. René. "Molecular dynamics simulations of defects and excitons in glasses." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.9.
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The interaction of excited electrons and holes with defects in network semiconducting and insulating glasses is examined. Of particular interest is the diffusion of vacancy sites in oxide materials that can aggregate to form voids and eventually lead to the formation of nanoscale bubbles. This is a process that is known to occur in nuclear waste materials, but the mechanisms remain unclear. A radioactive decay event can release energy in the keV to MeV range that is dispersed amongst the emission of alpha-particles, beta-particles, and gamma rays (depending upon the radionuclide), and into the momentum of the remaining ion. The particle emission lead primarily to electronic excitation energies and self-trapped excitons, whereas the momentum on the ion leads to a recoil cascade. These processes lead to an abundance of bond breaking and topological rearrangement. During the lifetimes of these events, defects such as vacancies, peroxides and E’ centers are formed, and also leads to the etching and formation of molecular oxygen. The underlying physics and chemistry of these processes are studied using a semi-empirical methodology specifically designed to examine amorphous networked materials. The method can be implemented in parallel to study large system sizes as required in the simulation of recoil cascades, and contains enough electronic information to model excited states that lead to the formation of excitons. An overview of the model approach and its application for determining the diffusion barriers of defects in the presence of excitons will be discussed.
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Alfajri, Reza, Herbert Sipahutar, Heru Irianto, Harry Kananta, Catur Sunawan Balya, Muhammed Ghiffari, Alexander Maltsev, and Andrei Lobanov. "Extreme Well Electrical Submersible Pump: Altering Perception in Artificial Lift Selection." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205584-ms.
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Abstract Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) is an artificial lift that often associated with big production rate, which is at least 300 bbls/day. ESP also has limitation in handling unconsolidated sand reservoir, high GOR wells, and minimum casing ID. As technology flourished, these handicaps for an ESP well are no longer valid. A breakthrough was established for ESP utilization. However people's perception of ESP persists. Extreme well ESP is changing that perception. There are three types of extreme well ESP: high solid content, high GOR, and slim-line ESP. High solid content ESP has open impellers. This type of impeller creates no space between impeller and diffuser, hence no solids accumulation. Multiphase pump (MPP) is used to handle high GOR problem. MPP stage design has axial screw type impeller and gas handling diffuser. Gas from reservoir fluid will be compressed and broken into smaller bubbles resulting in homogenous gas-liquid mixture, hence no gas lock during production. For well with small casing ID e.g., 4-1/2" casing, slim-line ESP with 3.19" outside diameter is utilized. These three types of extreme well ESP were all utilized in Central Sumatera Asset of Pertamina EP. High solid content ESPs were installed in five wells (MJ-134, MJ-132, MJ-128, STT-25, and KTT-23) in four different structures with production range of 30 to 1200 bbls/day. Basic Sediment (BS) number in this asset varies from 0.1% up to 40%, which results in suspending wells and repeating well services. In wells MJ-134, high solid content ESP was able to produce up to 50% BS number at the beginning of production. It showed excellent lifting capability in severe sand problem condition. While in wells STT-25 and KTT-23, utilizing high solid content ESP increases well's lifetime and generates gain in production. High GOR ESPs were installed in wells PPS-01 and SGC-15. Both wells has around 2000 scf/stb GOR. Conventional ESP would have a hard time producing these gassy wells. By using MPP, well PPS-01 produced smoothly and even later optimized to have bigger production. Producing well SGC-15 faced another handicap in form of scale deposition. Scale preventer was also installed for this well. Slim-line ESP was installed in well BJG-01 that has 4-1/2" casing. Grossing up the wells with slim-line ESP contributes production gain. Since October 2019 this project has produced cumulative production of 56,199 bbls oil and counting, and been considered successful in solving extreme well problems. Being proven able to handle high BS number, high GOR, and produce well with small casing size, extreme well ESP is altering old mindset in ESP utilization. All of handicaps mentioned above were redeemed obsolete. This breakthrough starts the dawn of new perception in artificial lift selection.