Journal articles: 'Bubble-cell interaction'

1

Maxworthy, T. "Bubble formation, motion and interaction in a Hele-Shaw cell." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 173 (December 1986): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211208600109x.

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We consider the motion of the flattened bubbles which form when air is injected into a viscous fluid contained in the narrow gap between two flat, parallel plates which make up a conventional Hele-Shaw cell, inclined at an angle x to the horizontal. We present a number of qualitative observations on the formation and interaction of the streams of bubbles that appear when air is injected continuously into the cell. The majority of this paper is then concerned with the shape and velocity of rise of single, isolated bubbles over a wide range of bubble size and cell inclination. We compare these results to theories by Taylor & Saffman (1959), and Tanveer (1986). It appears that the bubble characteristics found by an ad hoc speculation in Taylor & Saffman (1959) and by Tanveer (1986) only agree with the experimental results in the limit α → 0, and for large bubble widths (D). For finite values of α, it is necessary to use the measured bubble shape in order to calculate the rise velocity using the more general Taylor & Saffman (1959) formulation. Deviations from these theories for small D can be explained by considering the effects of the detailed flow close to the bubble surface.

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Tomita, Y., and K. Sato. "Pulsed jets driven by two interacting cavitation bubbles produced at different times." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 819 (April 27, 2017): 465–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.185.

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An experiment is performed using high-speed photography to elucidate the behaviours of jets formed by the interactions of two laser-induced tandem bubbles produced axisymmetrically for a range of dimensionless interaction parameters such as the bubble size ratio, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$, the distance between the two cavitation bubbles, $l_{0}^{\ast }$, and the time difference in bubble generation, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$. A strong interaction occurs for $l_{0}^{\ast }<1$. The first bubble produced (bubble A) deforms because of the rapid growth of the second bubble (bubble B) to create a pulsed conical jet, sometimes with spray formation at the tip, formed by the small amount of water confined between the two bubbles. This phenomenon is followed by bubble penetration, toroidal bubble collapse, and the subsequent fast contraction of bubble B accompanied by a fine jet. The formation mechanism of the conical jet is similar to that of a water spike developed in air from a deformed free surface of a single growing bubble; however, the pressures of the gases surrounding each type of jet differ. The jet behaviours can be controlled by manipulating the interaction parameters; the jet velocity is significantly affected by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$ and $l_{0}^{\ast }$, but less so by $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$ for $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }>\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{c}^{\ast }$ ($\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{c}^{\ast }$ being the critical birth-time difference). The optimum time of jet impact, at which bubble A reaches its maximum volume, depends on $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$. It is generally later for larger values of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$. A pulsed jet could be used to create small pores in a cell membrane; therefore, the reported method may be useful for application in tandem-bubble sonoporation.

3

Nguyen, Van Luc, Tomohiro Degawa, and Tomomi Uchiyama. "Numerical simulation of the interaction between a vortex ring and a bubble plume." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 3192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-12-2018-0734.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide discussions of a numerical method for bubbly flows and the interaction between a vortex ring and a bubble plume. Design/methodology/approach Small bubbles are released into quiescent water from a cylinder tip. They rise under the buoyant force, forming a plume. A vortex ring is launched vertically upward into the bubble plume. The interactions between the vortex ring and the bubble plume are numerically simulated using a semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian approach composed of a vortex-in-cell method for the fluid phase and a Lagrangian description of the gas phase. Findings A vortex ring can transport the bubbles surrounding it over a distance significantly depending on the correlative initial position between the bubbles and the core center. The motion of some bubbles is nearly periodic and gradually extinguishes with time. These bubble trajectories are similar to two-dimensional-helix shapes. The vortex is fragmented into multiple regions with high values of Q, the second invariant of velocity gradient tensor, settling at these regional centers. The entrained bubbles excite a growth rate of the vortex ring's azimuthal instability with a formation of the second- and third-harmonic oscillations of modes of 16 and 24, respectively. Originality/value A semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian approach is applied to simulate the interactions between a vortex ring and a bubble plume. The simulations provide the detail features of the interactions.

4

Pattinson, Oliver, Dario Carugo, Fabrice Pierron, and Nicholas Evans. "Ultra-high speed quantification of cell strain during cell-microbubble interactions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010950.

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Interactions between oscillating microbubbles and cells are of fundamental importance in understanding cell behaviour, including mechanotransduction, during therapeutic microbubble treatment. However, it is challenging to quantify cell deformation due to the short time domains at which microbubble-induced deformations occur. Developments in both ultra-high speed imaging and image processing may allow for quantification of cell strain at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ultra-high speed imaging and digital image correlation could be used to measure and quantify microbubble-induced cell deformation. A hypervision HPV-X camera and a custom-designed, compact acoustic cell-culture device were used together to image interactions between DSPC-microbubbles and MG-63 cells at up to 5 × 106 fps, under ultrasound exposure at 1 MHz. Dynamic cell deformation was measured using digital image correlation with MatchID software. Microbubbles associated with MG63 cells in the acoustic device. Microbubble oscillation resulted in a peak deformation of 350 nm and strain of 5% on the cell during the bubble expansion phase, isolated locally to the point of interaction. These data show that cell deformation can be quantified dynamically during bubble-cell interactions, suggesting that mechanical properties, and potentially corresponding therapeutic effects, can be quantified at high-frequency strain rates.

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Maksimov, A. O., and T. G. Leighton. "Pattern formation on the surface of a bubble driven by an acoustic field." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2137 (August 17, 2011): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0366.

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The final stable shape taken by a fluid–fluid interface when it experiences a growing instability can be important in determining features as diverse as weather patterns in the atmosphere and oceans, the growth of cell structures and viruses, and the dynamics of planets and stars. An example which is accessible to laboratory study is that of an air bubble driven by ultrasound when it becomes shape-unstable through a parametric instability. Above the critical driving pressure threshold for shape oscillations, which is minimal at the resonance of the breathing mode, regular patterns of surface waves are observed on the bubble wall. The existing theoretical models, which take account only of the interaction between the breathing and distortion modes, cannot explain the selection of the regular pattern on the bubble wall. This paper proposes an explanation which is based on the consideration of a three-wave resonant interaction between the distortion modes. Using a Hamiltonian approach to nonlinear bubble oscillation, corrections to the dynamical equations governing the evolution of the amplitudes of interacting surface modes have been derived. Steady-state solutions of these equations describe the formation of a regular structure. Our predictions are confirmed by images of patterns observed on the bubble wall.

6

Yuan, Fang, Chen Yang, and Pei Zhong. "Cell membrane deformation and bioeffects produced by tandem bubble-induced jetting flow." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 51 (December 9, 2015): E7039—E7047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518679112.

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Cavitation with bubble–bubble interaction is a fundamental feature in therapeutic ultrasound. However, the causal relationships between bubble dynamics, associated flow motion, cell deformation, and resultant bioeffects are not well elucidated. Here, we report an experimental system for tandem bubble (TB; maximum diameter = 50 ± 2 μm) generation, jet formation, and subsequent interaction with single HeLa cells patterned on fibronectin-coated islands (32 × 32 μm) in a microfluidic chip. We have demonstrated that pinpoint membrane poration can be produced at the leading edge of the HeLa cell in standoff distance Sd ≤ 30 μm, driven by the transient shear stress associated with TB-induced jetting flow. The cell membrane deformation associated with a maximum strain rate on the order of 104 s−1 was heterogeneous. The maximum area strain (εA,M) decreased exponentially with Sd (also influenced by adhesion pattern), a feature that allows us to create distinctly different treatment outcome (i.e., necrosis, repairable poration, or nonporation) in individual cells. More importantly, our results suggest that membrane poration and cell survival are better correlated with area strain integral (∫εA2dt) instead of εA,M, which is characteristic of the response of materials under high strain-rate loadings. For 50% cell survival the corresponding area strain integral was found to vary in the range of 56 ∼ 123 μs with εA,M in the range of 57 ∼ 87%. Finally, significant variations in individual cell’s response were observed at the same Sd, indicating the potential for using this method to probe mechanotransduction at the single cell level.

7

Yu, J., Y. Hao, Z. X. Sheng, X. P. Zhang, J. P. Chen, J. Zhang, and J. Yang. "Application of higher-order FV-WENO scheme to the interaction between shock wave and bubble." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2701, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012116.

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Abstract The high-order finite volume-WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) scheme combines the finite volume method with the WENO method, allowing for high-order accuracy and accurate simulation of complex physical phenomena. It has advantages in handling shock waves and bubble interactions. The idea of this method is to discretize the physical equations into a set of conservation equations and use the WENO method to calculate the numerical fluxes on each finite volume cell. This approach is effective in dealing with problems such as shock wave propagation, bubble deformation, and evolution. In fluid dynamics simulation and research, the high-order FV-WENO scheme has significant application prospects. It can provide accurate numerical solutions and simulate complex physical phenomena, making it widely applicable in scientific research and engineering. In this study, we simulated the interactions between shock waves and single or double bubbles, obtaining the complete process of bubble collapse with clear bubble interfaces and strong program stability.

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Fei, K., C. H. Cheng, and C. W. Hong. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of CO2 Bubble Dynamics at the Anode of a μDMFC." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (October 20, 2005): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2174067.

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This paper presents the bubble transport phenomenon at the anode of a micro-direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) from a mesoscopic viewpoint. Carbon dioxide bubbles generated at the anode may block part of the catalyst/diffusion layer and also the flow channels that cause the μDMFC malfunction. Lattice-Boltzmann simulations were performed in this paper to simulate the two-phase flow in a microchannel with an orifice which emulates the bubble dynamics in a simplified porous diffusion layer and in the flow channel. A two-dimensional, nine-velocity model was established. The buoyancy force, the liquid-gas surface tension, and the fluid-solid wall interaction force were considered and they were treated as source terms in the momentum equation. Simulation results and parametric studies show that the pore size, the fluid stream flow rate, the bubble surface tension, and the hydrophilic effect between the fluid and the solid wall play the major roles in the bubble dynamics. Larger pore size, higher methanol stream flow rate, and greater hydrophilicity are preferred for bubble removal at the anode diffusion layer and also the flow channels of the μDMFC.

9

Naire, Shailesh, and Oliver E. Jensen. "Epithelial cell deformation during surfactant-mediated airway reopening: a theoretical model." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 2 (August 2005): 458–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2004.

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A theoretical model is presented describing the reopening by an advancing air bubble of an initially liquid-filled collapsed airway lined with deformable epithelial cells. The model integrates descriptions of flow-structure interaction (accounting for nonlinear deformation of the airway wall and viscous resistance of the airway liquid flow), surfactant transport around the bubble tip (incorporating physicochemical parameters appropriate for Infasurf), and cell deformation (due to stretching of the airway wall and airway liquid flows). It is shown how the pressure required to drive a bubble into a flooded airway, peeling apart the wet airway walls, can be reduced substantially by surfactant, although the effectiveness of Infasurf is limited by slow adsorption at high concentrations. The model demonstrates how the addition of surfactant can lead to the spontaneous reopening of a collapsed airway, depending on the degree of initial airway collapse. The effective elastic modulus of the epithelial layer is shown to be a key determinant of the relative magnitude of strains generated by flow-induced shear stresses and by airway wall stretch. The model also shows how epithelial-layer compressibility can mediate strains arising from flow-induced normal stresses and stress gradients.

10

Wang, You, Xing Hua Wang, and Min Zhang. "Research on Mechanisms and Ground Uplifting Effects by Grouting Taken the Grouting-Soil-Building Interaction into Account." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3488.

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As excavation and precipitation involved in the foundation works will cause subsidence of the building foundation surrounding, grouting uplift technology is widely used to control settlement. In this paper, relied on rectification of one building, a three-dimensional finite difference model of grouting-soil-building interaction is established. Based on the method of imposed volumetric strain, the uplift process of grouting is simulated by expanding cell volume applied radial velocity to the grid nodes on the spherical slurry bubble. The variation regularity of surface deformation uplift, upper building deformation and internal forces on various stages of strata grouting are discussed and analyzed, and compared with the data on-site monitoring. The results show that the measured values and calculated values are in a good agreement. The method of applying the node speed to simulate non-uniform spherical expansion of multiple slurry bubble may predict the grouting uplifting preferably and provide a reference for design of grouting uplift and building rectification in the future.

11

Lin, Jianyu, Hang Ding, Xiyun Lu, and Peng Wang. "A Comparison Study of Numerical Methods for Compressible Two-Phase Flows." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 9, no. 5 (July 11, 2017): 1111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.oa-2016-0084.

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AbstractIn this article a comparison study of the numerical methods for compressible two-phase flows is presented. Although many numerical methods have been developed in recent years to deal with the jump conditions at the fluid-fluid interfaces in compressible multiphase flows, there is a lack of a detailed comparison of these methods. With this regard, the transport five equation model, the modified ghost fluid method and the cut-cell method are investigated here as the typical methods in this field. A variety of numerical experiments are conducted to examine their performance in simulating inviscid compressible two-phase flows. Numerical experiments include Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, interaction between a shock and a rectangle SF6 bubble, Rayleigh collapse of a cylindrical gas bubble in water and shock-induced bubble collapse, involving fluids with small or large density difference. Based on the numerical results, the performance of the method is assessed by the convergence order of the method with respect to interface position, mass conservation, interface resolution and computational efficiency.

12

Li, Gang. "Lattice Boltzmann simulations of gas bubble transport in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2280, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2280/1/012048.

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Abstract Gas/liquid two-phase transport is the key fundamental scientific issue in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis cell, which has important effects on the overall performance of water electrolysis and microstructure optimization. In this study, a combination of the lattice Boltzmann two-phase model and the QSGS numerical method was used to numerically model the porous diffusion layer and the micro-channel structure, and investigate the effects of porosity and wettability properties on the gas/liquid two-phase transport process. Simulation results show that the value of porosity will obviously affect the association and distribution pattern of solid particles inside the porous diffusion layer, and the reduction of porosity will cause the association part of solid particles to be narrower and longer, resulting in complex and variable pore channels. Some closed pore channels will appear inside the diffusion layer, which is not conducive to the smooth transmission of gas bubbles. In addition, the increase of contact angle will enhance the interaction force between the bubble and the solid wall, making it difficult for the bubble to fall off from the solid surface. Moreover, the increased interaction force will slow down the sliding speed of gas bubbles, which will result in the fusion of more gas bubbles and increase the risk of blocking the flow micro-channel. This study has initially grasped the mechanisms of micro/meso scale gas bubble transport in the PEM water electrolysis cell, which will provide theoretical basis for the optimized development of high-performance water electrolysis system for hydrogen production.

13

Niu, Kaiyang, Timofey Frolov, Huolin L. Xin, Junling Wang, Mark Asta, and Haimei Zheng. "Bubble nucleation and migration in a lead–iron hydr(oxide) core–shell nanoparticle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 42 (October 5, 2015): 12928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510342112.

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Iron hydroxide is found in a wide range of contexts ranging from biominerals to steel corrosion, and it can transform to anhydrous oxide via releasing O2 gas and H2O. However, it is not well understood how gases transport through a crystal lattice. Here, we present in situ observation of the nucleation and migration of gas bubbles in iron (hydr)oxide using transmission electron microscopy. We create Pb–FeOOH model core–shell nanoparticles in a liquid cell. Under electron irradiation, iron hydroxide transforms to iron oxide, during which bubbles are generated, and they migrate through the shell to the nanoparticle surface. Geometric phase analysis of the shell lattice shows an inhomogeneous stain field at the bubbles. Our modeling suggests that the elastic interaction between the core and the bubble provides a driving force for bubble migration.

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Di Perna, Roberta, Valentina Aria, Mariarosaria De Falco, Vincenzo Sannino, Andrei L. Okorokov, Francesca M. Pisani, and Mariarita De Felice. "The physical interaction of Mcm10 with Cdc45 modulates their DNA-binding properties." Biochemical Journal 454, no. 2 (August 9, 2013): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20130059.

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The eukaryotic DNA replication protein Mcm10 (mini-chromosome maintenance 10) associates with chromatin in early S-phase and is required for assembly and function of the replication fork protein machinery. Another essential component of the eukaryotic replication fork is Cdc45 (cell division cycle 45), which is required for both initiation and elongation of DNA replication. In the present study we characterize, for the first time, the physical and functional interactions of human Mcm10 and Cdc45. First we demonstrated that Mcm10 and Cdc45 interact in cell-free extracts. We then analysed the role of each of the Mcm10 domains: N-terminal, internal and C-terminal (NTD, ID and CTD respectively). We have detected a direct physical interaction between CTD and Cdc45 by both in vitro co-immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance experiments. On the other hand, we have found that the interaction of the Mcm10 ID with Cdc45 takes place only in the presence of DNA. Furthermore, we found that the isolated ID and CTD domains are fully functional, retaining DNA-binding capability with a clear preference for bubble and fork structures, and that they both enhance Cdc45 DNA-binding affinity. The results of the present study demonstrate that human Mcm10 and Cdc45 directly interact and establish a mutual co-operation in DNA binding.

15

COWAN, B. M., S. Y. KALMYKOV, A. BECK, X. DAVOINE, K. BUNKERS, A. F. LIFSCHITZ, E. LEFEBVRE, D. L. BRUHWILER, B. A. SHADWICK, and D. P. UMSTADTER. "Computationally efficient methods for modelling laser wakefield acceleration in the blowout regime." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (June 13, 2012): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000517.

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AbstractElectron self-injection and acceleration until dephasing in the blowout regime is studied for a set of initial conditions typical of recent experiments with 100-terawatt-class lasers. Two different approaches to computationally efficient, fully explicit, 3D particle-in-cell modelling are examined. First, the Cartesian code vorpal (Nieter, C. and Cary, J. R. 2004 VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code. J. Comput. Phys.196, 538) using a perfect-dispersion electromagnetic solver precisely describes the laser pulse and bubble dynamics, taking advantage of coarser resolution in the propagation direction, with a proportionally larger time step. Using third-order splines for macroparticles helps suppress the sampling noise while keeping the usage of computational resources modest. The second way to reduce the simulation load is using reduced-geometry codes. In our case, the quasi-cylindrical code calder-circ (Lifschitz, A. F. et al. 2009 Particle-in-cell modelling of laser-plasma interaction using Fourier decomposition. J. Comput. Phys.228(5), 1803–1814) uses decomposition of fields and currents into a set of poloidal modes, while the macroparticles move in the Cartesian 3D space. Cylindrical symmetry of the interaction allows using just two modes, reducing the computational load to roughly that of a planar Cartesian simulation while preserving the 3D nature of the interaction. This significant economy of resources allows using fine resolution in the direction of propagation and a small time step, making numerical dispersion vanishingly small, together with a large number of particles per cell, enabling good particle statistics. Quantitative agreement of two simulations indicates that these are free of numerical artefacts. Both approaches thus retrieve the physically correct evolution of the plasma bubble, recovering the intrinsic connection of electron self-injection to the nonlinear optical evolution of the driver.

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Serrano, José Ramón, Antonio Gil, Pedro Quintero, Roberto Tabet, and Javier Gómez. "Design of a Bubble Reactor for Altitude Simulators Used to Humidify a Combustion Air Stream by Means of CFD Multi-Phase Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010295.

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In this paper, a procedure for the design of a bubble reactor which allows the control of the humidity of a gas stream used as combustion air is presented. This reactor is designed to be used as a component of an altitude simulator test facility for the optimization, homologation and calibration of new hybrid engines. The design has been carried out by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) multi-phase models and validated against the experimental data obtained from the developed prototype. A discussion about the adequate mesh topology and cell size is presented, as well as a comparison between the two available models for the air–water interphase. Lastly, a validation of the CFD results using experimental data shows that the model that should be used is the multi-regime interaction model, from which the final design for the bubble reactor was obtained.

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Zhang, Haiyang, Lili Li, Wenting Ding, Ziqian Cheng, Zhe Lin, Liandong Zhu, and Xuezhi Zhang. "Effect mechanism of metal cations on the interface interaction of cell-collector-bubble for microalgal foam flotation." Chemosphere 349 (February 2024): 140899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140899.

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Pihler-Puzović, Draga, Raphaël Périllat, Matthew Russell, Anne Juel, and Matthias Heil. "Modelling the suppression of viscous fingering in elastic-walled Hele-Shaw cells." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 731 (August 14, 2013): 162–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.375.

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AbstractRecent experiments by Pihler-Puzovic et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, 2012, article 074502) have shown that the onset of viscous fingering in circular Hele-Shaw cells in which an air bubble displaces a viscous fluid is delayed considerably when the top boundary of the cell is replaced by an elastic membrane. Non-axisymmetric instabilities are only observed at much larger flow rates, and the large-amplitude fingers that develop are fundamentally different from the highly branched fingers in rigid-walled cells. We explain the mechanism for the suppression of the instability using a combination of linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations, based on a theoretical model that couples a depth-averaged lubrication equation for the fluid flow to the Föppl–von Kármán equations, which describe the deformation of the elastic membrane. We show that fluid–structure interaction affects the instability primarily via two changes to the axisymmetric base flow: the axisymmetric inflation of the membrane prior to the onset of any instabilities slows down the expansion of the air bubble and forces the air–liquid interface to propagate into a converging fluid-filled gap. Both of these changes reduce the destabilizing viscous effects that drive the fingering instability in a rigid-walled cell. In contrast, capillary effects only play a very minor role in the suppression of the instability.

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Topolska-Woś, Agnieszka M., Norie Sugitani, John J. Cordoba, Kateryna V. Le Meur, Rémy A. Le Meur, Hyun Suk Kim, Jung-Eun Yeo, et al. "A key interaction with RPA orients XPA in NER complexes." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 4 (January 11, 2020): 2173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1231.

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Abstract The XPA protein functions together with the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein RPA as the central scaffold to ensure proper positioning of repair factors in multi-protein nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. We previously determined the structure of a short motif in the disordered XPA N-terminus bound to the RPA32C domain. However, a second contact between the XPA DNA-binding domain (XPA DBD) and the RPA70AB tandem ssDNA-binding domains, which is likely to influence the orientation of XPA and RPA on the damaged DNA substrate, remains poorly characterized. NMR was used to map the binding interfaces of XPA DBD and RPA70AB. Combining NMR and X-ray scattering data with comprehensive docking and refinement revealed how XPA DBD and RPA70AB orient on model NER DNA substrates. The structural model enabled design of XPA mutations that inhibit the interaction with RPA70AB. These mutations decreased activity in cell-based NER assays, demonstrating the functional importance of XPA DBD–RPA70AB interaction. Our results inform ongoing controversy about where XPA is bound within the NER bubble, provide structural insights into the molecular basis for malfunction of disease-associated XPA missense mutations, and contribute to understanding of the structure and mechanical action of the NER machinery.

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Hertzum, Morten, and Kasper Hornbæk. "Input techniques that dynamically change their cursor activation area: A comparison of bubble and cell cursors." International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 65, no. 10 (October 2007): 833–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.05.001.

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Cheng, H., L. H. Cao, J. X. Gong, R. Xie, C. Y. Zheng, and Z. J. Liu. "Improvement of ion acceleration in radiation pressure acceleration regime by using an external strong magnetic field." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 2 (June 2019): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461900034x.

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AbstractTwo-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have been used to investigate the interaction between a laser pulse and a foil exposed to an external strong longitudinal magnetic field. Compared with that in the absence of the external magnetic field, the divergence of proton with the magnetic field in radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) regimes has improved remarkably due to the restriction of the electron transverse expansion. During the RPA process, the foil develops into a typical bubble-like shape resulting from the combined action of transversal ponderomotive force and instabilities. However, the foil prefers to be in a cone-like shape by using the magnetic field. The dependence of proton divergence on the strength of magnetic field has been studied, and an optimal magnetic field of nearly 60 kT is achieved in these simulations.

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Syed, Asad Hassan, Nurudeen Yekeen, Eswaran Padmanabhan, Ahmad Kamal Idris, and Dzeti Farhah Mohshim. "Characterization of lauryl betaine foam in the Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities (80%–98%)." Petroleum Science 17, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 1634–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00470-w.

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AbstractLauryl betaine (LB) as an amphoteric surfactant carries both positive and negative charges and should be able to generate stable foam through electrostatic interaction with nanoparticles and co-surfactants. However, no previous attempts have been made to investigate the influence of nanoparticles and other co-surfactants on the stability and apparent viscosity of LB-stabilized foam. In this study, a thorough investigation on the influence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles, alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on foam stability and apparent viscosity was carried out. The experiments were conducted with the 2D Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities (80%–98%). Influence of AOS on the interaction between the LB foam and oil was also investigated. Results showed that the SiO2-LB foam apparent viscosity decreased with increasing surfactant concentration from 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt%. 0.1 wt% SiO2 was the optimum concentration and increased the 0.1 wt% LB foam stability by 108.65% at 96% foam quality. In the presence of co-surfactants, the most stable foam, with the highest apparent viscosity, was generated by AOS/LB solution at a ratio of 9:1. The emulsified crude oil did not imbibe into AOS-LB foam lamellae. Instead, oil was redirected into the plateau borders where the accumulated oil drops delayed the rate of film thinning, bubble coalescence and coarsening.

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Mahajan, Neetin P., Kunal Chaudhari, Pranay Kondewar, Akshay Gund, and Ashish Jarika. "Giant Cell Tumor of the Second Metatarsal Managed with Ray Amputation: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 12, no. 7 (2022): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i07.2914.

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Introduction: The giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), also known as an osteoclastoma or a myeloid sarcoma, is a benign local aggressive osteolytic bone tumor that primarily affects skeletally mature young adults typically 20–40 years of age. Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are usually solitary tumors and very rarely are found in the metatarsal bones. The characteristic histological appearance of GCT displays a high number of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, which resulted in the classification “osteoclastoma” or “giant cell tumor.” Case Report: A 38-year-old male presented to the hospital with a firm swelling over the 2nd metatarsal slowly progressing over a period of 4 months, initial screening radiological investigations included X-rays, X-rays showed a tumorous growth involving the shaft of the 2nd metatarsal of the right foot, and the X-rays showed a characteristic soap bubble appearance. Magnetic resonance imaging. On gross assessment, the intraoperative sample showed that the GCTB has a dark brown-to-reddish appearance that is friable in texture. The gold standard for diagnosing a GCT is based on biopsy histopathological findings. The key histomorphologic feature is multinucleated giant cells. Conclusion: Giant cell tumors are frequently locally aggressive with high recurrence percentage, hence, excision was done. Nowadays, early radiological screening techniques help early detection of such rare occurrence of tumors such as the GCT and appropriate management. In conclusion, the giant cell tumor of the bone is a unique presentation of stromal cell and hematopoietic interaction in the bone.

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Quiroz, Luis Felipe, Tessa Ciosek, Helen Grogan, Peter C. McKeown, Charles Spillane, and Galina Brychkova. "Unravelling the Transcriptional Response of Agaricus bisporus under Lecanicillium fungicola Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2 (January 20, 2024): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021283.

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Mushrooms are a nutritionally rich and sustainably-produced food with a growing global market. Agaricus bisporus accounts for 11% of the total world mushroom production and it is the dominant species cultivated in Europe. It faces threats from pathogens that cause important production losses, including the mycoparasite Lecanicillium fungicola, the causative agent of dry bubble disease. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we determine the impact of L. fungicola infection on the transcription patterns of A. bisporus genes involved in key cellular processes. Notably, genes related to cell division, fruiting body development, and apoptosis exhibit dynamic transcriptional changes in response to infection. Furthermore, A. bisporus infected with L. fungicola were found to accumulate increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the transcription levels of genes involved in the production and scavenging mechanisms of ROS were also increased, suggesting the involvement of changes to ROS homeostasis in response to L. fungicola infection. These findings identify potential links between enhanced cell proliferation, impaired fruiting body development, and ROS-mediated defence strategies during the A. bisporus (host)–L. fungicola (pathogen) interaction, and offer avenues for innovative disease control strategies and improved understanding of fungal pathogenesis.

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GARCIA-BRIONES, MIGUEL, and JEFFREY J. CHALMERS. "Cell-Bubble Interactions." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 665, no. 1 Biochemical E (October 1992): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb42586.x.

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Ohiomoba, Emmanuel, Ayokunle Omosebi, Gao Xin, and Kunlei Liu. "(Invited) Elucidating the Hydrodynamic Behavior of Multi-Species Gas Bubbles in an Electrochemical Solvent Regenerator for Direct Air Capture." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 27 (October 9, 2022): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02271036mtgabs.

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Direct Air Capture (DAC) is very significant to bolstering the global drive towards net negative emissions. DAC technologies/plants have emerged in recent years, with the regeneration of the capture solvent used in the process being the major bottleneck of most aqueous technologies. [1] Leveraging electrochemical principles has offered a potential opportunity to simplify the entire solvent regeneration process and potentially reduce its overall capture cost, compared to traditional approaches. The electrochemical approach also offers the benefit of direct integrating clean energy, and also eliminating the high thermal energy requirements of typical methods.[2] Despite these potentials, the complex three-phase (solid-liquid-gas) interaction on the electrode surface pose a significant impediment to this electrochemical approach for DAC. The evolution of gas bubbles in electrochemical cells are well-known to contribute to energy losses in such reactors, from previous studies. [3],[4],[5] Gas bubbles have been shown to influence ohmic overpotentials in electrochemical reactors and studies have shown that the energy demand for water electrolysis can be reduced by 10-25 percent if the formation of gas bubbles is suppressed. [6],[7] However, the evolution of gas bubbles in electrochemical systems remains a complicated issue requiring further investigation. This study advances previous work by investigating the simultaneous evolution of CO2 gas bubbles along with O2/H2 gas bubbles in an electrochemical reactor for DAC. Gas bubbles are infamous for their ability to cover the active area of electrodes, limiting the transport of reactive species to the electrode surface, thus, increasing cell resistance. In this work, we explore changes in the polarization and hydrodynamics behavior of gas bubbles in the electrolyzer used for DAC solvent regeneration owing to the evolution of CO2 bubbles from pH swing, and the implications of the additional CO2 bubble formation to electrode surface coverage. By using a high-speed camera, we observe that bubbles coverage appears to be larger at the edges of the electrodes, and that the orientation of the electrodes influence bubble coalescence and detachment rate. We also employ different cell designs to mitigate the impact of bubble surface coverage towards reducing cell resistance. References Sabatino, A. Grimm, F. Gallucci, M. Van Sint Annaland, G. J. Kramer, M. Gazzani, Joule, 5(8), 2047-2076 (2021). Gao, A. Omosebi, R. Perrone, K. Liu, Journal of The Electrochemical Society (2022). H. Li, Y. J. Chen, Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-12 (2021). F. Swiegers, R. N. L.Terrett, G. Tsekouras, T. Tsuzuki, R. J. Pace, R. Stranger, Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 5(11), 3004–3004 (2021). Zhao, H. Ren, L. Luo, Langmuir, 35(16), 5392-5408 (2019). Mazloomi, N. B. Sulaiman, H. Moayedi, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7(4), 3314-3326 (2012). C. Wang, C. Y. Chen, Electrochimica Acta, 54(15), 3877-3883 (2009).

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Zhang, Xiaogen, Zhifa Wang, Li Hu, Xiaoqing Shen, and Chundong Liu. "Identification of Potential Genetic Biomarkers and Target Genes of Peri-Implantitis Using Bioinformatics Tools." BioMed Research International 2021 (December 11, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1759214.

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Objectives. To investigate potential genetic biomarkers of peri-implantitis and target genes for the therapy of peri-implantitis by bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data. Methods. The GSE33774 microarray dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between peri-implantitis and healthy gingival tissues were identified using the GEO2R tool. GO enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID database and the Metascape tool, and the results were expressed as a bubble diagram. The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and visualized using Cytoscape. The hub genes were screened by the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. The potential target genes associated with peri-implantitis were obtained from the DisGeNET database and the Open Targets Platform. The intersecting genes were identified using the Venn diagram web tool. Results. Between the peri-implantitis group and the healthy group, 205 DEGs were investigated including 140 upregulated genes and 65 downregulated genes. These DEGs were mainly enriched in functions such as the immune response, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, receptor activity, and protease binding. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pathways in cancer, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The intersecting genes, including IL6, TLR4, FN1, IL1β, CXCL8, MMP9, and SPP1, were revealed as potential genetic biomarkers and target genes of peri-implantitis. Conclusions. This study provides supportive evidence that IL6, TLR4, FN1, IL1β, CXCL8, MMP9, and SPP1 might be used as potential target biomarkers for peri-implantitis which may provide further therapeutic potentials for peri-implantitis.

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Beall, James H., John Guillory, David V. Rose, and Michael T. Wolff. "Multiscale Modeling of Astrophysical Jets." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 1, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2014.01.0274.

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<p>We are developing the capability for a multi-scale code to model the energy deposition rate and momentum transfer rate of an astrophysical jet which generates strong plasma turbulence in its interaction with the ambient medium through which it propagates. We start with a highly parallelized version of the VH-1 Hydrodynamics Code (Coella and Wood 1984, and Saxton et al., 2005). We are also considering the PLUTO code (Mignone et al. 2007) to model the jet in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and relativistic, magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) regimes. Particle-in-Cell approaches are also being used to benchmark a wave-population models of the two-stream instability and associated plasma processes in order to determine energy deposition and momentum transfer rates for these modes of jet-ambient medium interactions. We show some elements of the modeling of these jets in this paper, including energy loss and heating via plasma processes, and large scale hydrodynamic and relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. A preliminary simulation of a jet from the galactic center region is used to lend credence to the jet as the source of the so-called the Fermi Bubble (see, e.g., Su, M. & Finkbeiner, D. P., 2012)</p><p>*It is with great sorrow that we acknowledge the loss of our colleague and friend of more than thirty years, Dr. John Ural Guillory, to his battle with cancer.</p>

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Ho, Mark, Guan Heng Yeoh, John Arthur Reizes, and Victoria Timchenko. "Bubble flow simulations using the intersection marker (ISM) interface tracking method." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-09-2017-0385.

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Purpose Interface distinct two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations require accurate tracking in surface curvature, surface area and volume fraction data to precisely calculate effects such as surface tension, interphase momentum and interphase heat and mass transfer exchanges. To attain a higher level of accuracy in two-phase flow CFD simulations, the intersection marker (ISM) method was developed. The ISM method has cell-by-cell remeshing capability that is volume conservative, maintains surface continuity and is suited for the tracking of interface deformation in transient two-phase flow simulations. Studies of isothermal single bubbles rising in quiescent water were carried out to test the ISM method for two-phase flow simulations. Design/methodology/approach The ISM method is a hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian front tracking algorithm which can model an arbitrary three-dimensional surface within an array of cubic control volumes. Fortran95 was used to implement the ISM method, which resulted in approximately 25,000+ lines of written code and comments. To demonstrate the feasibility of the ISM algorithm for two-phase flow simulations, the ISM algorithm was coupled with an in-house CFD code, which was modified to simulate two-phase flows using a single fluid formulation. The constitutional equations incorporated terms of variable density and viscosity. In addition, body force source terms were included in the momentum equation to account for surface tension and buoyancy effects. Findings The performance of two-phase flow simulations was benchmarked against experimental data for four air/water bubbles with 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mm of diameter rising in quiescent fluid. A variety of bubble sizes were tested to demonstrate the accuracy of the ISM interface tracking method. The results attained were in close agreement with experimental observations. Practical implications The results obtained show that the ISM method is a viable means for interface tracking of two-phase flow CFD simulations. Other applications of the ISM method include simulations of solid–fluid interaction and other immersed boundary flow problems. Originality/value The ISM method is a novel approach to front tracking, and the results shown are original in content.

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Robbins, C. G., J. M. Davis, T. A. Merritt, J. D. Amirkhanian, N. Sahgal, F. C. Morin, and S. Horowitz. "Combined effects of nitric oxide and hyperoxia on surfactant function and pulmonary inflammation." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 269, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): L545—L550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.269.4.l545.

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NO and its derivative ONOO- are potent free radicals that can cause cell damage, especially in the presence of O2. To determine the potential pulmonary toxicities of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in vitro, Survanta (2.5 mg/ml) was exposed to ONOO- (0.3-8 mM) in the presence of two different buffering systems (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid and phosphate buffer) and minimum surface tension (MST) was determined with an oscillating bubble surfactometer. Significant increases in MST were seen only with exposure to 8 mM ONOO-, indicating that in vitro, high concentrations of ONOO- can inhibit natural surfactant function. The in vivo effects of NO and hyperoxia were then studied in four groups of newborn piglets ventilated for 48 h with 21% O2, 100% O2, 21% O2 and 100 ppm NO, or with 90% O2 and 100 ppm NO. Five animals served as an untreated control group. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) obtained at 48 h was subjected to centrifugation and the surfactant pellet was reconstituted to 5 mg phospholipid/ml. Significant increases in MST were seen in surfactant from piglets ventilated with NO and 90% O2, compared with either untreated controls or piglets ventilated with 21% O2 for 48 h (P < 0.05, analysis of variance). Significant increases in neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) of BAL were also found in the NO and O2 group (P < 0.05), with significant positive interaction between NO and O2 found (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Dreoni, M., F. Balduzzi, G. Ferrara, and A. Bianchini. "Accuracy Assessment of the Eulerian Two-phase Model for the CFD Simulation of Gas Bubbles Dynamics in Alkaline Electrolyzers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012040.

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Abstract To date, the most industrially developed technology to produce green hydrogen is represented by alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). To improve on design and efficiency of these devices, however, multiphysics simulations based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are needed, able to account for electrophysical phenomena and multiphase flows. Focusing on internal flow optimization, the requirements for CFD simulations are anyhow extremely challenging, since solving the gas bubbles’ motion implies the solution of a two-phase flow characterized by very low Reynolds numbers and a high fraction of dispersed gas. Despite some interesting studies have been presented in the literature so far, validation of CFD results with detailed experimental measurements is quite rare and, therefore, the reliability of the adopted modelling approaches is not assessed yet. This study presents the results of a multivariate CFD analysis of an electrochemical cell and its validation through a literature test case. Bubbles generation is introduced as a source term, thus overlooking for the moment the electrochemistry to focus on fluid-dynamics. In particular, attention is given to the Eulerian multiphase modelling, investigating the influence of both the inter-phase interaction sub-models’ settings (e.g., lift and drag forces, virtual-mass force) and the general settings of the simulation. The mean velocity field of the PIV-measured bubbles is considered to assess the accuracy of numerical predictions, while the available high-definition flow pictures allow a qualitative assessment of the bubbles size and location. CFD results are shown to be in decent agreement with experimental data and able to reproduce the key flow features such as the spreading of the bubble curtains and the gas shifting towards the inner part of the cell. The effect of the bubbles’ diameter and of source layer thickness is also discussed.

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Chalmers, Jeffrey J., and Farshad Bavarian. "Microscopic visualization of insect cell-bubble interactions. II: The bubble film and bubble rupture." Biotechnology Progress 7, no. 2 (March 1991): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp00008a010.

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Huang, He, Juan Liu, Haiyan Wu, Fang Liu, and Xiaoxi Zhou. "Ferroptosis-associated gene SLC7A11 is upregulated in NSCLC and correlated with patient’s poor prognosis: An integrated bioinformatics analysis." Pteridines 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2020-0034.

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Abstract Objective Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, which was involved in the progression of malignant tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material/methods Ferroptosis inhibiting gene solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) mRNA expression was investigated in the database of TCGA and Oncomine and compared between the cancer tissue and the normal corresponding tissue of NSCLC patients. SLC7A11 gene mutation of NSCLC was investigated in the TCGA database by the online data analysis tool of Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) and cBioPortal. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of SLC7A11 and associated genes were constructed with the STRING database. Gene ontology (GO) and the KEGG pathway of genes involved in the PPI network were explored and demonstrated by a bubble plot. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and postprogression survival (PPS) between SLC7A11high and SLC7A11low expression groups were compared and demonstrated by the survival curve. Results SLC7A11 mRNA was upregulated in cancer tissues compared to paired normal tissues in colorectal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma rectum adenocarcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Missense and synonymous substitutions were 66.67% and 16.67% for lung squamous cell carcinoma. For lung adenocarcinoma, the missense and synonymous substitutions were 66.67% and 33.33% respectively. In the case of single nucleotide mutation, A>T, C>G, G>A, G>T for lung squamous cell carcinoma and G>T, C>A, G>A, T> for lung adenocarcinoma were the most common mutations in the SLC7A11 coding strand. Fifty-one genes were included in the PPI network with an edge number of 287, average node degree of 11.3 and local clustering coefficient of 0.694, which demonstrated that the PPI network was enriched significantly (p = 1.0 × 10−16). In terms of the KEGG pathway, the SLC7A11 and PPI-involved genes were mainly enriched in ferroptosis, NSCLC, pathways in cancer, tp53 signaling pathway, etc. The overall survival (OS) in the SLC7A11high group was significantly lower than those of SLC7A11low groups in NSCLC (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02–1.31, p = 0.027). However, the progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97–1.42, p = 0.098) and postprogression survival (PPS) (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.78–1.29, p = 0.97) between SLC7A11high and SLC7A11low expression groups were not statistically different. Conclusion SLC7A11 was upregulated in NSCLC and correlated with the patient’s poor overall survival. SLC7A11 may be a potential target for NSCLC treatment through the ferroptosis pathway.

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Krylosov, A. V., I. B. Polovov, and O. I. Rebrin. "THE DENSITY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MOLTEN SALT MIXTURES OF BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE WITH ALKALINE METALS CHLORIDE." Расплавы, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0235010623010061.

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Information about the density and electrical conductivity of salt melts is of interest both for assessing the possibility of their use for electrolytic obtaining and refining of beryllium and other technological processes, and analyzing the possible interaction of components. Data on the density of molten saline systems containing fluoride and alkaline metals chloride are obtained by hydrostatic weighing. The balloon and the thread of the suspension were made of platinum. Berylia oxide used the material and cover of thermocouple. In system BeF2–MeCl (Me = Li, Na, K, Cs) и BeF2–(Li–K)eut–Cl investigated from 9 to 14 molten saline mixtures containing from 0 to 100% beryllium fluoride with an increase in temperature by 100–200 K from the melting point of the mixture with an average step of 10 K. Due to the behavior of the individual fluoride of beryllium when heated above the melting temperature (high viscosity and intense evaporation), the density of molten salt was measured by maximum pressure in the gas bubble. Simultaneously with the density of the capillary method, the electrical conductivity of these melts was measured. Material of the measuring cell—beryllium oxide, measuring electrodes—platinum rods with a diameter of 1 mm. The permanent cells were determined and regularly controlled by melting of high-purple potassium chloride. All operations for the preparation of saline mixtures, the selection of samples for chemical analysis and the measurement of properties were carried out in an isolated atmosphere of a dry and additionally cleaned argon. The measurement results are presented on the graphs and in the form of the first and second-order polynomas, reflecting the dependence of density and electrical conductivity on temperature for various compounds of saline mixtures. The values of the simultaneously measured density and electrical conductivity values were used to calculate the molar volume and molar electrical conductivity of electrolytes. The isotherms of the molar volume are almost linear in nature, which indicates the weak interaction of the components of the melt. The isotherms of molar electrical conductivity have a characteristic outrage in the area of compositions containing about 30 mol % beryllium fluoride, which may be associated with the formation of complex compounds in the liquid phase.

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Kannan, R., E. Garaldi, A. Smith, R. Pakmor, V. Springel, M. Vogelsberger, and L. Hernquist. "Introducing the thesan project: radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the epoch of reionization." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 4005–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3710.

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ABSTRACT We introduce the thesan project, a suite of large volume ($L_\mathrm{box} = 95.5 \, \mathrm{cMpc}$) radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations that simultaneously model the large-scale statistical properties of the intergalactic medium during reionization and the resolved characteristics of the galaxies responsible for it. The flagship simulation has dark matter and baryonic mass resolutions of $3.1 \times 10^6\, {\rm M_\odot }$ and $5.8 \times 10^5\, {\rm M_\odot }$, respectively. The gravitational forces are softened on scales of 2.2 ckpc with the smallest cell sizes reaching 10 pc at z = 5.5, enabling predictions down to the atomic cooling limit. The simulations use an efficient radiation hydrodynamics solver (arepo-rt) that precisely captures the interaction between ionizing photons and gas, coupled to well-tested galaxy formation (IllustrisTNG) and dust models to accurately predict the properties of galaxies. Through a complementary set of medium resolution simulations we investigate the changes to reionization introduced by different assumptions for ionizing escape fractions, varying dark matter models, and numerical convergence. The fiducial simulation and model variations are calibrated to produce realistic reionization histories that match the observed evolution of the global neutral hydrogen fraction and electron scattering optical depth to reionization. They also match a wealth of high-redshift observationally inferred data, including the stellar-to-halo-mass relation, galaxy stellar mass function, star formation rate density, and the mass–metallicity relation, despite the galaxy formation model being mainly calibrated at z = 0. We demonstrate that different reionization models give rise to varied bubble size distributions that imprint unique signatures on the 21 cm emission, especially on the slope of the power spectrum at large spatial scales, enabling current and upcoming 21 cm experiments to accurately characterize the sources that dominate the ionizing photon budget.

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Allen, John S., and Pavel Zinin. "Biological cell and bubble interactions and behavior in acoustic fields." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 5 (May 2007): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4781806.

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Tan, W. S., and Y. L. Chen. "Quantitative investigations of cell-bubble interactions using a foam fractionation technique." Cytotechnology 15, no. 1-3 (1994): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00762407.

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Rosa, E. S. "FLOW STRUCTURE IN THE HORIZONTAL SLUG FLOW." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v3i2.3536.

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Successions of long gas bubbles and liquid slugs form the so-called slug flow pattern in a gas-liquid flow. A unit cell encompassing one gas bubble and one liquid slug characterizes this alternating gas-liquid flow. The kinematic and dynamic flow mechanisms responsible for the interactions between the successive unit cells are still an open question. Inside this context, this work addresses specifically to the bubble velocity, the bubble to bubble interactions and the entrance mechanisms. Within an experimental framework the spatial evolution of each unit cell structure is individualized during the acquisition period. The experimental apparatus consisted of a 23.4 m long transparent Plexiglas pipe, 26mm ID, which means a total relative length of 900 free diameters. The air and water were mixed at the inlet of the test section and discharged into a collecting tank open to the atmosphere. The instantaneous measurements of the flow structure were made with double-wire conductive probes. The probes were installed in four measuring stations; each station had two probes slightly apart. The measuring stations were located at 127D, 273D, 506D e 777D from the mixer. The experimental database is further processed to give rise to histograms and correlations among flow variables

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Zeng, Lei, Daniel Velez, Jiacai Lu, and Gretar Tryggvason. "Numerical Studies of Disperse Three-Phase Fluid Flows." Fluids 6, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6090317.

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The dynamics of a three-phase gas–liquid–liquid multiphase system is examined by direct numerical simulations. The system consists of a continuous liquid phase, buoyant gas bubbles, and smaller heavy drops that fall relative to the continuous liquid. The computational domain is fully periodic, and a force equal to the weight of the mixture is added to keep it in place. The governing parameters are selected so that the terminal Reynolds numbers of the bubbles and the drops are moderate; while the effect of bubble deformability is examined by changing its surface tension, the surface tension for the drops is sufficiently high so they do not deform. One bubble in a “unit cell” and eight freely interacting bubbles are examined. The dependency of the slip velocities, the velocity fluctuations, and the distribution of the dispersed phases on the volume fraction of each phase are examined. It is found that while the distribution of drops around a single bubble in a “unit cell” is uneven and depends on its deformability, the distribution of drops around freely interacting bubbles is relatively uniform for the parameters examined in this study.

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Lajoinie, Guillaume, Ine De Cock, Constantin C. Coussios, Ine Lentacker, Séverine Le Gac, Eleanor Stride, and Michel Versluis. "In vitro methods to study bubble-cell interactions: Fundamentals and therapeutic applications." Biomicrofluidics 10, no. 1 (January 2016): 011501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4940429.

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Wu, Yulian, Xin Chen, Chang Li, Jiali Fang, and Haiyang Liu. "In situ liquid cell TEM observation of solution-mediated interaction behaviour of Au/CdS nanoclusters." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 32 (2019): 12548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03520f.

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Near a thicker liquid region, droplets grow and become overlap-like, liquid fronts push forward to facilitate NC coalescence. In a thin liquid region, e-beam induces bubble formation, dissolution of CdS, and deformation of the Au/CdS composite.

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Zhang, Hai-Chen, Chun-Na Yu, Yong Liang, Gui-Xiang Lin, and Cong Meng. "Foaming Behavior and Microcellular Morphologies of Incompatible SAN/CPE Blends with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Physical Blowing Agent." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010089.

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The foaming process and cellular morphologies of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a blowing agent were investigated in this study. As compared to pure SAN foam in the same batch, the foamed blends with various CPE elastomer content had smaller average pore size and larger cell density. This is probably related to the inhibition of bubble growth by elastomer, resulting in poor melt flowability and strong viscoelasticity, and the efficient bubble heterogeneous nucleation caused by numerous phase interfaces inside the incompletely compatible blend system. In addition, many tiny interconnected holes through the pore walls were formed to connect adjacent micropores in foamed blend samples. The formation mechanism of such interconnected pores is probably due to the fracture of stretched melt around the bubble from phase interfaces with weak interactions. These facts suggest an effective path to control pore size, cell density and even interconnected pores of blend foams depends on the compatibility of the blend system and difference in foamability of individual components in supercritical CO2.

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Schürch, David, Dimitri Vanhecke, Martin J. D. Clift, David Raemy, Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi, Wolfgang J. Parak, Peter Gehr, Alke Petri-Fink, and Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser. "Modeling Nanoparticle–Alveolar Epithelial Cell Interactions under Breathing Conditions Using Captive Bubble Surfactometry." Langmuir 30, no. 17 (April 23, 2014): 4924–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la500307q.

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Fan, Pengfei, Dongxin Yang, Jun Wu, Yanye Yang, Xiasheng Guo, Juan Tu, and Dong Zhang. "Cell-cycle-dependences of membrane permeability and viability observed for HeLa cells undergoing multi-bubble-cell interactions." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 53 (May 2019): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.005.

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Nie, Xifan, Haiyang Zhang, Shaozhe Cheng, Muhammad Mubashar, Cong Xu, Yanhua Li, Daoyong Tan, and Xuezhi Zhang. "Study on the cell-collector-bubble interfacial interactions during microalgae harvesting using foam flotation." Science of The Total Environment 806 (February 2022): 150901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150901.

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Vlaisavljevich, Eli, Adam Maxwell, Lauren Mancia, Eric Johnsen, Charles Cain, and Zhen Xu. "Visualizing the histotripsy process: Bubble cloud-cancer cell interactions in a tissue-mimicking environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4969406.

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Vlaisavljevich, Eli, Adam Maxwell, Lauren Mancia, Eric Johnsen, Charles Cain, and Zhen Xu. "Visualizing the Histotripsy Process: Bubble Cloud–Cancer Cell Interactions in a Tissue-Mimicking Environment." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 42, no. 10 (October 2016): 2466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.05.018.

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48

Chen, Jifan, Jean-Michel Escoffre, Oliver Romito, Tarik Iazourene, Antoine Presset, Marie Roy, Marie Potier Cartereau, et al. "Enhanced macromolecular substance extravasation through the blood-brain barrier via acoustic bubble-cell interactions." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 103 (February 2024): 106768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106768.

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Holt, P. K., G. W. Barton, and C. A. Mitchell. "Mathematical analysis of a batch electrocoagulation reactor." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0151.

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Abstract:

Electrocoagulation treats water by delivering coagulant from a sacrificial anode (aluminium) in an electrochemical cell. Hydrogen is evolved from the inert cathode. In the batch electrocoagulation reactor numerous interactions occur with settling and flotation identified as the dominant removal paths. Current determines both coagulant dosage and bubble production rate. The bubbles influence the mixing, and hence mass diffusion within the reactor. Rate of flotation and settling were experimentally determined for currents 0.25-2.0 A and pollutant loading 0.1-1.7 g/L. The performance of the electrocoagulation reactor was quantified by analysis of experimental results. First-order ordinary differential equations were developed to describe the pollutant's settling and flotation behaviour. Kinetic rate constants were calculated considering this pair of irreversible reactions. At low current (0.25A), sedimentation dominates with slow release of coagulant and gentle agitation provided by low bubble production. Removal is slow and hence the low rate constants calculated were appropriate. At high currents (1.0 and 2.0 A) faster removal occurs due to greater bubble density. This resulted in greater mass floated to the surface and higher rate constants were observed. Thus the developed rate equations successfully quantified the reactor's performance over a variety of conditions.

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Foster, John E., and Janis Lai. "2-D Bubble Test Cell for the Study of Interactions at the Plasma–Liquid Interface." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 44, no. 7 (July 2016): 1127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2016.2567322.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bubble-cell interaction'

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