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Journal articles on the topic 'Bt'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Balčiūnas, Sergejus, Maksim Ivanov, Miki Watanabe, Ken Matsumoto, Shintaro Ueno, Ichiro Fujii, Jūras Banys, and Satoshi Wada. "Dielectric properties of BT-BT and BF-BT composites." Ferroelectrics 533, no. 1 (September 10, 2018): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2018.1470830.

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2

Martens, Mary-Howell. "Bt Is as Bt Does." Science News 156, no. 10 (September 4, 1999): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011753.

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3

Hlophe, Sbekezelo Thembelihle. "BT News." African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine 26, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.113.

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4

Macmillan, Roderick H. "E.QUALITY @ BT…" Training for Quality 5, no. 1 (March 1997): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684879710156504.

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5

Milius, Susan. "Bt Cotton." Science News 163, no. 6 (February 8, 2003): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4014199.

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6

Macmillan, Roderick H. "E.QUALITY@BT…" Internet Research 6, no. 2/3 (June 1996): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249610127292.

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7

Scriber, J. M. "Bt or not Bt: Is that the question?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 22 (October 23, 2001): 12328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.241503398.

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8

Sajid, Muhammad, Abdul Rashid, Muhammad Abid, Humaira Jamil, Muhammad R. Bashir, Zahid M. Sarwar, Rashida Perveen, and Sobia Chohan. "INFLUENCE OF BT COTTON GERMPLASM ON BACTERIAL BLIGHT DISEASE IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.02.0430.

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In present research assessment of disease incidence was made between Bt and Non-Bt cotton against bacterial blight disease. Experiment was carried out in natural environmental conditions on twenty eight varieties/advance lines. Findings of the experiments depicted more disease incidence on Non-Bt varieties viz., Non Bt-FH 901 (41.7-43.4%), Non Bt-MNH 496 (47.6-49.5%), Non Bt-FH 1000 (48.6-51.2%), Non Bt-FH 207 (54.5-57.5%), Non BT-N 112 (54.7-56.3%), Non BT-FH 942 (55.7-59.5%), Non BT-MNH 6070 (61.5-64.7%), Non Bt-FH 941 (63.4-61.6%), Non BT-N 814 (70.4-71.3%), Non Bt-FH 900 (74.7-77.4%), Non Bt-ANMOL (74.8-76.8%), Non Bt-FH 2015 (78.5-80.6%), Non BT REDACOLA (81.5-79.6%) and Non BT-C 26 (83.3-85.6%) while BT varieties BT-S-78 (25.8-26.7%), BT-Z-33 (26.7-22.2%), BT-786 (28.6-31.5%), BT-A-ONE (28.8-26.5%), BT-282 (30.5-27.6%), BT-886 (33.5-35.3%), BT-3701 (38.3-36. %), BT-SPECIAL (38.4-34.6%), BT-802 (41.3-43.4%), BT-92 (41.4-44.4%), BT-131 (43.8-41.7%), BT-905 (44.6-42.3%), BT-SUPPER (45.6-46.8%) and BT-121 (48.6-52.4%) showed decreased response respectively. Hence, concluded that difference/variability in the resistant sources is present in Pakistan against the disease among BT varieties as compared to Non-Bt.

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9

Hamel, Will, Peter Werts, and Thomas Green. "Bt corn and Bt cotton: Valuable tools for IPM." Crops & Soils 50, no. 6 (November 2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cs2017.50.0606.

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10

AMBHORE, S. N., and B. G. BARHATE. "Status of microflora on Bt and non - Bt cotton." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION 10, no. 2 (October 15, 2017): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijpp/10.2/448-452.

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11

Williams, W. Paul, Gary L. Windham, Matthew D. Krakowsky, Brian T. Scully, and Xinzhi Ni. "Aflatoxin Accumulation in BT and Non-BT Maize Testcrosses." Journal of Crop Improvement 24, no. 4 (October 29, 2010): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2010.505111.

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12

Sajid, Muhammad, Abdul Rashid, Muhammad R. Bashir, Muhammad A. Zeeshan, Muhammad Abid, Rashida Parveen, Sobia Chohan, and Humaira Jamil. "EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE GENETIC RESOURCE AGAINST BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF COTTON IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0331.

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Bacterial leaf Blight of cotton a major seed borne foliar disease that attacks the crop at all growth stages leading to cause severe losses in conducive environment. To find out best source of resistance against pathogen this research was conducted in the field area Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Incidence of bacterial blight of cotton was determined on twenty eight varieties/advanced lines sown in field to determine the resistance resource against the disease. Two years data showed that seventeen varieties (BT-Z-33, BT-S-78, BT-786, BT-A-ONE, BT -282, BT-886, BT-3701, BT-SPECIAL, BT-802, Non Bt-FH 901, BT-92, BT-131, BT-905, BT-SUPPER, Non Bt-MNH 496, Non Bt-FH 1000, and BT-121) expressed moderately resistant response with 21-50 % disease incidence (rating 4). Five varieties viz. Non Bt-FH 207, Non BT-N 112, Non BT-FH 942, Non BT-MNH 6070 and Non Bt-FH 941exhibited moderately susceptible response with 51-70% disease incidence under rating 5. Four varieties namely Non BT-N 814, Non Bt-FH 900, Non BT-ANMOL and Non Bt-FH 2015 showed susceptible response with 71-80% disease incidence (rating 6) while Non BT-REDACOLA and Non BT-C 26 expressed highly susceptible response with disease incidence 81-100% rating 7 against bacterial blight disease of cotton. Results indicate that a wide range of resistant resource is present in Pakistan against the disease. The selection of diverse germplasm/resistant varieties through screening is the most efficient, environment friendly and economical management strategy for farmers against this disease.

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13

Wiatrak, P. J., D. L. Wright, J. J. Marois, and D. Wilson. "Influence of Planting Date on Aflatoxin Accumulation in Bt, non-Bt, and Tropical non-Bt Hybrids." Agronomy Journal 97, no. 2 (March 2005): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0440.

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14

Lei, Z., T. X. Liu, and S. M. Greenberg. "Feeding, oviposition and survival of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bt and non-Bt cottons." Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, no. 3 (October 8, 2008): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006317.

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AbstractThe effects of Bt transgenic cottons (Bt-I expressing cry1Ac and Bt-II expressing cry1Ab and cry2Ab or cry1Ab and cry1Fa) and non-Bt cottons on feeding, oviposition and longevity of adults, and development and survival of Liriomyza trifolii larvae were studied under laboratory conditions; and infestation on four Bt and two non-Bt cotton traits were investigated under field conditions. Laboratory choice and no-choice tests showed that L. trifolii adults were capable of distinguishing between Bt cottons and non-Bt cottons. In a choice test on younger plants (4–5 leaves), the adults were found more often and made more feeding punctures (FP) on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons. On older plants (8–9 leaves), adults made the most FP on non-Bt cotton followed by those on Bt-II cottons and the least on Bt-I cotton. The females oviposited more eggs (6.7 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (1.7 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (0.8 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and oviposited similar numbers of eggs (0.7–1.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. In a no-choice test, the females also fed more FP on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons on both younger and older plants. The females oviposited more eggs (15.6 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (8.2 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (6.5 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and similar numbers of eggs (2.5–3.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. Larval and puparial survivals were not different among Bt and non-Bt cottons. The occurrence and damage of leafminers on cottons in the field showed that L. trifolii infested more plants and leaves and had more mines on non-Bt cotton than on Bt cottons.

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15

KIMBARA, Hidenori. "BT-Resin Laminate." Circuit Technology 9, no. 2 (1994): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep1986.9.133.

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16

Savas, Recep. "PET/BT Uygulamalari." Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri 8, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/trs.2020.879.

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17

Weiss, Jillian Todd. "GL vs. BT." Journal of Bisexuality 3, no. 3-4 (April 12, 2003): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j159v03n03_02.

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18

de Vries, G. E. "Bt corn healthier." Trends in Plant Science 5, no. 7 (July 2000): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01704-0.

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19

Choi, Charles Q. "Bt-Beating Bugs." Scientific American 298, no. 1 (January 2008): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0108-31a.

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20

Argentar, Dave, Alex Avery, and Mike Davis. "Bt and Butterflies." Science News 157, no. 7 (February 12, 2000): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012176.

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21

&NA;. "MAb BT 563." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 800 (August 1991): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199108000-00014.

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22

Pedzisz, Maciej. "Beyond BT.709." SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal 123, no. 8 (November 2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j18483.

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23

Drife, James. "Fifty years bt." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 11, no. 1 (January 2009): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.11.1.82.27478.

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24

McGaughey, William H., Fred Gould, and Wendy Gelernter. "Bt resistance management." Nature Biotechnology 16, no. 2 (February 1998): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0298-144.

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25

Ramírez-Suero, Montserrat, Gerardo Valerio-Alfaro, Julio S. Bernal, and Mario Ramírez-Lepe. "Synergisitic effect of chitinases and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis spore-toxin complex against Aedes aegypti larvae." Canadian Entomologist 143, no. 2 (April 2011): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n10-051.

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AbstractSix subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) were grown in minimal medium with chitin as the sole carbon source for 6 days to obtain Bt cell-free fermented broths, which were then evaluated for chitinolytic activity and tested against third-instar Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Bt pakistani showed the highest chitinolytic activity (approximately >2700 mU/mL), Bt kurstaki showed the lowest activity (approximately <2000 mU/mL), and Bt thompsoni, Bt aizawai, Bt israelensis, and Bt alesti showed intermediate activities (approximately 2100–2400 mU/mL). Bt aizawai and Bt thompsoni broths showed the highest toxicity (LC50) against third-instar A. aegypti larvae (approximately <290 mU/mL). Bt kurstaki broth showed the lowest toxicity (approximately 420 mU/mL), while Bt pakistani, Bt israelensis, and Bt alesti broths showed intermediate toxicities (approximately 360–460 mU/mL). A purified and biochemically characterized Bt aizawai chitinase and commercial chitinases (from Serratia marcescens Bizio and Streptomyces griseus Waksman and Henrici) were evaluated and compared for synergistic effects on Bt israelensis spore-toxin complex against third-instar A. aegypti larvae. The synergism factor value of Streptomyces griseus and Bt aizawai chitinases were >2 and approximately 1.4; synergism was not evident for the Serratia marcescens chitinase (synergism factor value approximately 0.9).

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26

Rajput, Imran Ali, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi, Tajwer Sultana Syed, Ghulam Hussain Abro, and Imran Khatri. "Comparative Biology of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saund. on Bt. and Non-Bt. Cotton." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 62, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.62.2.2019.116.121.

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Effect of Bt. and non-Bt. cotton variety was investigated on biological parameters of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella. In biological parameters, maximum larval duration of 4.5±0.07 days were recorded in the first instar on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 2.00±0.06 days in fourth larval instar on Bt. cotton. The larval weight was higher (20.24±1.74 mg) on non-Bt. and minimum on Bt. cotton (13.84±1.34 mg); meanwhile the maximum pupal weight of 23.46±0.55 mg was weighed on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 17.41±0.44 mg on Bt. cotton. A total period of 18.44±0.55 days adult female lived on non-Bt. cotton and15.44±0.43 on Bt. cotton. The overall maximum mean numbers of 119±1.99 eggs were observed on non-Bt. cotton as compared to Bt. cotton. Similarly, ovipositional rate was also higher (8.04±0.19 eggs/ female/day) on non-Bt. cotton. The maximum larval duration (11.36±0.30 days) was higher on non-Bt. cotton and minimum on Bt. cotton (8.03±0.43 days); meanwhile the maximum pupal period of 9.73±0.29 days were calculated on Bt. cotton and almost similar days of pupal period on non-Bt. cotton crop, respectively. The highest mortality percentage of all stages was found on Bt. cotton with maximum mortality percentage of 24.59% at 1st larval instar.

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27

DEMİRER, Veysel. "TÜRKİYEDE BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ (BT) EĞİTİMİ VE BT ÖĞRETMENLERİN DEĞİŞEN ROLLERİ." Journal of International Educational Sciences 2, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.16991/inesjournal.181.

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28

Tetreau, Guillaume, Ran Wang, and Ping Wang. "Fitness of Bt-resistant cabbage loopers on Bt cotton plants." Plant Biotechnology Journal 15, no. 10 (April 12, 2017): 1322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12718.

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29

Raina, Sunita. "Rationalising Bt Technology: Creating a Biopolitical Space Around Bt Cotton." History and Sociology of South Asia 6, no. 2 (April 26, 2012): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223080751100600203.

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30

Hofs, J. L., B. Hau, and D. Marais. "Boll distribution patterns in Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars." Field Crops Research 98, no. 2-3 (August 2006): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.01.006.

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31

Hofs, J. L., B. Hau, D. Marais, and M. Fok. "Boll distribution patterns in Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars." Field Crops Research 98, no. 2-3 (August 2006): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.01.007.

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32

Kinney, Janice Patricia, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, and Snehasis Jana. "Cell-Based Vital Organs Specific Biomarkers Assessment using Biofield Energy Based Novel Test Formulation." Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedical Science 2, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-19-2944.

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The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Biofield Energy Treated test formulation using six differentcell-lines. The test formulation/item (TI) and cell media (Med) was divided into two parts; one part was untreated (UT) and other part received Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Janice Patricia Kinney, USA and labeled as Biofield Energy Treated (BT) test item (TI)/media. Based on cell viability assay, test formulation was found as safe at tested concentrations. Cytoprotective activity of test formulation showed a significant restoration of cell viability by 60.6% (10 µg/mL), 67.5% (63.75 µg/mL), and 117.5% (63.75 µg/mL) in UT-Med + BT-TI, BT-Med + UT-TI, BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively compared to untreated in human cardiac fibroblasts cells (HCF) cells. Moreover, restoration of cell viability was improved by 64% and 127.3% in UT-Med + BT-TI and BT-Med + UT-TI, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to untreated in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells. Cellular restoration in A549 cells was improved by 314% and 112.3% at 1 µg/mL in BT-Med + UT-TI and BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively than untreated. ALP activity in Ishikawa cells was significantly increased by 175.5%, 547.2%, and 220.8% in UT-Med + BT-TI, BT-Med + UT-TI, and BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL as compared to untreated. Additionally, in MG-63 cells showed increased ALP activity by 76.9%, 78.4%, and 79% in UT-Med + BT-TI, BT-Med + UT-TI, and BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to untreated. The percent cellular protection of HCF (heart) cells (decreased of LDH activity) was significantly increased by 60.6% (10 µg/mL), 67.5% (63.75 µg/mL), and 117.5% (63.75 µg/mL) in UT-Med + BT-TI, BT-Med + UT-TI, and BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively as compared to untreated. An improved HepG2 cells protection (represents decreased ALT activity) by 115.1% (1 µg/mL), 42.5% (25.5 µg/mL), and 60.8% (10 µg/mL) in UT-Med + BT-TI, BT-Med + UT-TI, BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively as compared to untreated. Percentage cellular protection of A549 (lungs) cells (represents increased of SOD activity) was significantly increased by 191.1% and 81.4% at 0.1 µg/mL in UT-Med + BT-TI and BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively as compared to untreated. Serotonin level was significantly increased by 31.8% (10 µg/mL) and 56.9% (25.5 µg/mL) in UT-Med + BT-TI and BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively compared to untreated in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Relative quantification (RQ) of vitamin D receptor (VDR) was significantly increased by 304.3% (0.01 µg/mL), 128.4% (0.1 µg/mL), and 240% (0.1 µg/mL) in UT-Med + BT-TI, BT-Med + UT-TI, and BT-Med + BT-TI, respectively compared to untreated in MG-63 cells. Thus, Biofield Energy Treated test formulation (The Trivedi Effect®) significantly improved organ specific functional biomarkers and would be useful for multiple organs health related to coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis, liver cancer, hemochromatosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, osteoporosis, etc.

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33

Visser, Andri, Hannalene Plessis, Annemie Erasmus, and Johnnie Van den Berg. "Preference of Bt‐resistant and susceptible Busseola fusca moths and larvae for Bt and non‐Bt maize." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 167, no. 10 (October 2019): 849–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12838.

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34

Silva, Juliana Barroso, Raphael Mori, Luiz Henrique Marques, Antonio Cesar Santos, Timothy Nowatzki, Mark Linden Dahmer, James Bing, Priscila Lupino Gratão, and Guilherme Duarte Rossi. "Water Deprivation Induces Biochemical Changes Without Reduction in the Insecticidal Activity of Maize and Soybean Transgenic Plants." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 4 (June 9, 2021): 1817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab109.

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Abstract Like conventional crops, transgenic plants expressing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are subjected to water deprivation. However, the effects of water deprivation over the insecticidal activity of Bt plants are not well understood. We submitted Bt maize and Bt soybean to water deprivation and evaluated biochemical stress markers and the insecticidal activity of plants against target insects. Bt maize (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 × MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3–6 × SYN-IR162-4) containing the PowerCore Ultra traits, Bt soybean (DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2) with the Conkesta E3 traits, and commercial non-Bt cultivars were cultivated and exposed to water deprivation in the greenhouse. Leaves were harvested for quantification of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdeyde (MDA), and total phenolics and insecticidal activity. Maize or soybean leaf disks were used to evaluate the insecticidal activity against, respectively, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) neonates. Except for Bt soybean, water deprivation increased hydrogen peroxide and MDA contents in Bt and non-Bt plants. Both biochemical markers of water deficit were observed in lower concentrations in Bt plants than in non-Bt commercial cultivars. Water deprivation did not result in changes of phenolic contents in Bt and non-Bt maize. For Bt or non-Bt soybean, phenolic contents were similar despite plants being exposed or not to water deprivation. Water deprivation did not alter substantially insect survival in non-Bt maize or non-Bt soybean. Despite water deprivation-induced biochemical changes in plants, both Bt plants maintained their insecticidal activity (100% mortality) against the target species.

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35

Jiao, Yaoyu, Xiaoyun Hu, Yufa Peng, Kongming Wu, Jörg Romeis, and Yunhe Li. "Bt rice plants may protect neighbouring non- Bt rice plants against the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1883 (July 25, 2018): 20181283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1283.

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The area planted with insect-resistant genetically engineered crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) genes has greatly increased in many areas of the world. Given the nearby presence of non- Bt crops (including those planted as refuges) and non-crop habitats, pests targeted by the Bt trait have a choice between Bt and non- Bt crops or weeds, and their host preference may greatly affect insect management and management of pest resistance to Bt proteins. In this study, we examined the oviposition preference of the target pest of Bt rice, Chilo suppressalis , for Bt versus non- Bt rice plants as influenced by previous damage caused by C. suppressalis larvae. The results showed that C. suppressalis females had no oviposition preference for undamaged Bt or non- Bt plants but were repelled by conspecific-damaged plants whether Bt or non- Bt . Consequently, C. suppressalis egg masses were more numerous on Bt plants than on neighbouring non- Bt plants both in greenhouse and in field experiments due to the significantly greater caterpillar damage on non- Bt plants. We also found evidence of poorer performance of C. suppressalis larvae on conspecific-damaged rice plants when compared with undamaged plants. GC-MS analyses showed that larval damage induced the release of volatiles that repelled mated C. suppressalis females in wind tunnel experiments . These findings suggest that Bt rice could act as a dead-end trap crop for C. suppressalis and thereby protect adjacent non- Bt rice plants. The results also indicate that the oviposition behaviour of target pest females should be considered in the development of Bt resistance management strategies.

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36

Kim, Young-Min, Hong-Seo Choi, and Kun-Sub Chung. "Characterization of a δ-endotoxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis BT-1, BT-2." Journal of Life Science 17, no. 5 (May 25, 2007): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2007.17.5.658.

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37

Wei, M., F. Tan, Z. Hong, K. Cheng, W. Xiao, J. Lingxi, W. Jinbin, Z. Kai, and X. Tang. " Impact of Bt-transgenic rice (SHK601) on soil ecosystems in the rhizosphere during crop development." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 5 (May 29, 2012): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/627/2011-pse.

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In contrast to other transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops (e.g. Bt maize and cotton), risk assessments of Bt rice on soil ecosystem are few. To assess the influence of Bt rice on rhizosphere soil ecosystems, soil samples from Bt, non-Bt and controls were taken at seedling, tillering, booting, heading and maturing stages. The activities of dehydrogenases, invertase, phenol oxidases, acid phosphatases, ureases and proteases showed no significant differences between Bt and non-Bt rice. A Biolog system was used to evaluate the effect of Bt rice on functional diversity of microbial communities. Although there were differences in carbon substrate utilization between Bt and non-Bt rice at seedling, tillering and heading stages, these differences were transient and not persistent. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint patterns showed that Bt rice had little effect on the dominant rhizosphere bacterial, fungal and actinobacterial communities. The richness and consistency of microbial communities according to carbon substrate utilizations and DGGE band patterns did not differ significantly between Bt and non-Bt rice, and were close to that of control soil. There was no evidence to indicate apparent effects of Bt rice on soil enzyme activities, microbial community composition and functional diversity in this study.  

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Inghammar, Malin, and Jonas Sunden-Cullberg. "Prognostic significance of body temperature in the emergency department vs the ICU in Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock: A nationwide cohort study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 29, 2020): e0243990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243990.

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Background Increased body temperature in the Emergency Department (BT-ED) and the ICU (BT-ICU) is associated with lower mortality in patients with sepsis. Here, we compared how well BT-ED and BT-ICU predict mortality; investigated mortality in various combinations of BT-ED and BT-ICU, and; compared degree of fever in the ED and ICU and associated quality of care. Methods 2385 adults who were admitted to an ICU within 24 hours of ED arrival with severe sepsis or septic shock were included. Results Thirty-day mortality was 23.6%. Median BT-ED and BT-ICU was 38.1 and 37.6°C. Crude mortality decreased more than 5% points per°C increase for both BT-ED and BT-ICU. Adjusted OR for mortality was 0.82/°C increase for BT-ED (0.76–0.88, p < 0.001), and 0.89 for BT-ICU (0.83–0.95, p<0.001). Patients who were at/below median temperature in both the ED and in the ICU had the highest mortality, 32%, and those with over median in the ED and at/below in the ICU had the lowest, 16%, (p<0.001). Women had 0.2°C lower median BT-ED (p = 0.03) and 0.3°C lower BT-ICU (p<0.0001) than men. Older patients had lower BT in the ICU, but not in the ED. Fever was associated with a higher rate of sepsis bundle achievement in the ED, but lower nurse workload in the ICU. Conclusions BT-ED was more useful to prognosticate mortality than BT-ICU. Despite better prognosis in patients with elevated BT, fever was associated with higher quality of care in the ED. Future studies should assess how BT-ED can be used to improve triage of infected patients, assigning higher priority to patients with low-grade/no fever and vice versa. Patients with at/below median BT in both ED and ICU have the highest mortality and should receive special attention. Different BT according to sex and age also needs further study.

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Tsukamoto, Shuhei, Shogo Iwatsuki, Ichiro Fujii, Kouichi Nakashima, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Barium Titanate/Strontium Titanate Nanocube Accumulation Ceramics and their Dielectric Property." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.169.

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The barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) epitaxially coated strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) (BT/ST) nanocube accumulation ceramics were successfully prepared by a sorbothermal method, with epitaxial interface between ST and BT, and as reference, the BT/BT nanocube accumulation ceramics were also preapred. These dielectric properties were measured for the both accumulation ceramics, and it was clearly obserbed that there was significiant difference between BT/ST and BT/BT nanocube accumulation ceramics in the dielectric properties under low and high electric fields, and the origin of the result was discussed.

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Venugopal, P. Dilip, and Galen P. Dively. "Climate change, transgenic corn adoption and field-evolved resistance in corn earworm." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 6 (June 2017): 170210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170210.

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Increased temperature anomaly during the twenty-first century coincides with the proliferation of transgenic crops containing the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) to express insecticidal Cry proteins. Increasing temperatures profoundly affect insect life histories and agricultural pest management. However, the implications of climate change on Bt crop–pest interactions and insect resistance to Bt crops remains unexamined. We analysed the relationship of temperature anomaly and Bt adoption with field-evolved resistance to Cry1Ab Bt sweet corn in a major pest, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Increased Bt adoption during 1996–2016 suppressed H. zea populations, but increased temperature anomaly buffers population reduction. Temperature anomaly and its interaction with elevated selection pressure from high Bt acreage probably accelerated the Bt-resistance development. Helicoverpa zea damage to corn ears, kernel area consumed, mean instars and proportion of late instars in Bt varieties increased with Bt adoption and temperature anomaly, through additive or interactive effects. Risk of Bt-resistant H. zea spreading is high given extensive Bt adoption, and the expected increase in overwintering and migration. Our study highlights the challenges posed by climate change for Bt biotechnology-based agricultural pest management, and the need to incorporate evolutionary processes affected by climate change into Bt-resistance management programmes.

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Graham, Scott H., Fred M. Musser, Alana L. Jacobson, Anitha Chitturi, Beverly Catchot, and Scott D. Stewart. "Behavioral Responses of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) to a New Bt Toxin, Cry51Aa2.834_16 in Cotton." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 1695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz058.

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Abstract Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), are among the most important insect pests of cotton, Gosssypium hirsutum, in the mid-southern United States. These pests are currently managed primarily by insecticides; however, a new Bt toxin, Cry51Aa2.834_16 is under evaluation for control of thrips and tarnished plant bug. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the behavioral response of thrips and tarnished plant bug to Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16. Adult thrips avoided Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton in field choice tests and in separate field tests of Bt and non-Bt cotton not treated with insecticides. In a greenhouse choice test, approximately twice as many adult thrips and eggs were found on non-Bt compared with Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton. Similarly, in a field test of nontreated Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 and non-Bt cotton, 68% of adult thrips collected were found on non-Bt cotton. In cotton that was not sprayed with insecticides, Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 did not affect the distribution of tarnished plant bug within the canopy, although more square and flower injury was caused by tarnished plant bug in non-Bt cotton. Adult tarnished plant bug exhibited a nonpreference for diet containing lyophilized Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 leaves and for excised Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 squares in choice tests with non-Bt squares. The behavioral responses of these pests when exposed to this new Bt toxin will play a key role in the efficacy and potential resistance management strategies if this new technology is incorporated in an overall cotton insect pest management system.

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Chowdary, L. Rajesh, M. Bheemanna, A. C. Hosamani, A. Prabhuraj, M. K. Naik, and J. M. Nidagundi. "Built in refuge for the management of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Gelichidae: Lepidoptera) in Bt cotton." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.401.

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Field experiment was conducted at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur during 2012-13 to identify and evaluate the suitable refuge strategy systems for pink bollworm resistance management in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with nine refuge systems : 0 % N-Bt (BIR), 5 % N-Bt (BIR), 10 % N-Bt (BIR), 15 % N-Bt (BIR), 20% N-Bt perimeter refuge, 100% Non Bt, 50% Non Bt, 10% structured refuge and 20% structured refuge as treatments with three replications in replacement series. Significantly lowest incidence (3.55 larvae/plant) and number of bolls with exit holes (11.22) due to pink bollworm was recorded in 0% BIR (41.25 q/ha) followed by 5 % N-Bt (BIR) with yield of 38.74 q/ha and this was on par with 10 % N-Bt (BIR) with yield of 37.79 is next best refuge systems with Bt cotton for higher production and greater economic benefits.

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Solodkiy, Vladimir, Andrey Pavlov, Aleksey Tsybulskiy, Aleksandr Pchelintsev, Ivan Moshurov, Nataliya Korotkikh, and Dmitriy Kamenev. "HIGH-DOSE-RATE AND LOW-DOSE-RATE BRACHYTHERAPY AS MONOTHERAPY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER." Problems in oncology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-3-434-440.

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PURPOSE:To compare the outcome of high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-BT) and low-dose-ratebrachytherapy (LDR-BT) as monotherapy for localized prostate cancer of low and intermediate risks progression. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study included 165 patients with localized prostate cancer in low and intermediate progression risk groups. We compared 65 patients treated with HDR-BT and 100 patients with LDR-BT as monotherapy. LDR-BT treated advanced disease with more hormonal therapy than HDR-BT. All patients were in low and intermediate risk groups for prostate cancer progression. HDR-BT as monotherapy was delivered in 2 fractions of 15 Gy, two weeks apart. LDR-BT was performed in a standard mode of 145 Gy. The median observation was 32 months. All patients gave written informed consent. RESULTS: Overall biochemical free survival rate (BFSR) is 95,8%. There are 7 people having a growing prostatic specific antigen (PSA) while the case follow-up (in the group HDR-BT - 2 patients, LDR - 5 patients). Two recurrence cases with metastases in lymph nodes and bones were brought out as a result of 68Ga-PSMA PET examination in the group of HDR-BT. In 4 cases out of 5 LDR-BT, a local recurrence was detected (p=0,085). All cases of relapse were found in patients at intermediate risk (p = 0,041). LDR-BT showed a higher incidence of genitourinary (GU) toxicity grade >2 than that of HDR-BT in the acute phase and grade 1 toxicity in late phase. Accumulated incidence of late grade >2 GU and GU toxicity was equivalent between HDR-BT and LDR-BT. CONCLUSION: HDR-BT monotherapy showed an equivalent outcome to that of LDR-BT for low and intermediate risk patients. LDR-BT showed equivalent incidence of grade >2 late GU toxicities and higher grade >2 acute GU toxicity as that of HDR-BT as a monotherapy.

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Burkness, Eric C., and W. D. Hutchison. "Bt Pollen Dispersal and Bt Kernel Mosaics: Integrity of Non-Bt Refugia for Lepidopteran Resistance Management in Maize." Journal of Economic Entomology 105, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 1773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ec12128.

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Choi, Moon Gun, and Robert J. Angelici. "The benzo[b]thiophene (BT) rhenium complexes Cp'(CO)2Re(BT): models for BT adsorption on hydrodesulfurization catalysts." Organometallics 11, no. 10 (October 1992): 3328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00046a035.

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Rashid, MA, MK Hasan, and MA Matin. "Socio-economic performance of Bt eggplant cultivation in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 2 (July 8, 2018): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i2.37313.

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A study was conducted in 35 districts of Bangladesh during 2016-17 winter season for assessing the farm level performance of Bt eggplant in reducing pesticide use, cultivation cost and increase farm income. Five hundred five Bt eggplant farmers were selected purposively and 350 non-Bt eggplant farmers were selected randomly for the study. Net returns per hectare were Tk. 179,602/ha for Bt eggplant as compared to Tk. 29,841/ha for non-Bt eggplant. Pesticides were applied 11 times to Bt eggplant where as it was 41 times to non-Bt eggplant for controlling sucking pests. The Bt eggplant farmers saved 61 percent of the pesticide cost compared to non-Bt eggplant farmers, experienced no losses due to fruit and shoot borer, and received higher net returns. The experience with Bt eggplant technology was good for most of the locations and up to the mark and off course this technology will be significantly improved to their socio-economic conditions in future as reported by the Bt respondents. All Bt and 86% non-Bt farmers wanted to cultivate Bt eggplant in the next year if they can obtain the seeds/seedlings from the research station. For getting higher yield and economic benefits, in the course of technology dissemination, the importance of good production practices must be emphasized.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(2): 187-203, June 2018

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Nouchi, Rui, Qingqiang Hu, Toshiki Saito, Natasha Yuriko dos Santos Kawata, Haruka Nouchi, and Ryuta Kawashima. "Brain Training and Sulforaphane Intake Interventions Separately Improve Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults, Whereas a Combination of These Interventions Does Not Have More Beneficial Effects: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020352.

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Background: Earlier studies have demonstrated that a single-domain intervention, such as a brain-training (BT) game alone and a sulforaphane (SFN) intake, positively affects cognition. This study examined whether a combined BT and SFN intake intervention has beneficial effects on cognitive function in older adults. Methods: In a 12-week double-blinded randomized control trial, 144 older adults were randomly assigned to one of four groups: BT with SFN (BT-S), BT with placebo (BT-P), active control game (AT) with SFN (AT-S), and active control game with placebo (AT-P). We used Brain Age in BT and Tetris in AT. Participants were asked to play BT or AT for 15 min a day for 12 weeks while taking a supplement (SFN or placebo). We measured several cognitive functions before and after the intervention period. Results: The BT (BT-S and BT-P) groups showed more improvement in processing speed than the active control groups (AT-S and AT-P). The SFN intake (BT-S and AT-S) groups recorded significant improvements in processing speed and working memory performance unlike the placebo intake groups (BT-P and AT-P). However, we did not find any evidence of the combined intervention’s beneficial effects on cognition. Discussion: We discussed a mechanism to improve cognitive functions in the BT and SFN alone interventions.

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Azimi, Solmaz, Shima Rahmani, Masoud Tohidfar, Ahmad Ashouri, Alireza Bandani, and Reza Talaei-Hassanlouei. "Interaction Between Bt-Transgenic Cotton and the Whitefly’s Parasitoid, Encarsia Formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0041.

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Abstract Transgenic Bt cotton developed against lepidopteran pests may not be compatible with parasitoid of secondary pests such as Bemisia tabaci which attack many plants such as cotton. In this study, the effects of Bt cotton on the demographic parameters of Encarsia formosa, parasitoid of B. tabaci were assessed. The data were analysed using the age specific, two-sex life table parameters. The results indicated that pre-adult developmental time, the total preoviposition period (TPOP) and the adult preoviposition period (APOP) in the Bt cotton were significantly longer than in the non-Bt cotton. Also, fecundity and body size in both lines were significantly different. The fecundity was 23.64±0.73 and 43.75±0.89 eggs/females in the Bt and non-Bt cotton, respectively. All the population parameters were affected by the Bt cotton. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.15 day-1 in the non-Bt cotton but it was 0.10 day-1 in the Bt cotton. The finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.11 day-1 in the non-Bt cotton whilst it was 1.08 in the Bt cotton. The net reproductive rate (R0) in the non-Bt cotton was 36.75 but in the Bt cotton these parameters showed 19.62 offspring/individual. Also, the mean generation time (T ) in the non-Bt and Bt cotton was 22.69 and 27.79 days, respectively. The results illustrated, that although transgenic crops are effective tools for management of the target pests, they can adversely affect, either directly or indirectly, the natural enemies dependent on these plants.

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Berrill, John-Pascal, Kevin L. O’Hara, and Nickolas E. Kichas. "Bark Thickness in Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.) Varies According to Tree- and Crown Size, Stand Structure, Latitude and Genotype." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060637.

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Research Highlights: Bark thickness (BT) in coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.) varies in accordance with tree size, crown ratio, position within the canopy, height along the tree stem, genetic identity and latitude. However, current BT predictive equations do not account for such variability, leading to inaccurate BT estimations. We present improved BT models to increase the accuracy of BT estimates for coastal redwood in northern California. Background and Objectives: BT is an important metric that has many practical applications in forest management. However, BT varies substantially across species and environments, as well as across individuals and populations. Our objectives were to investigate BT along various gradients of change, with factors accounting for genetics, tapering of BT along the tree bole, differences in BT according to tree crown position within the stand, and the latitude. Materials and Methods: We collected BT data throughout most of redwood’s natural range along a north–south latitudinal gradient. Subsets of these data were used to examine the influence of particular variables on BT while holding the other variables constant. Results: Regionally, the bark was thicker among more xeric southern redwoods and thinner among more mesic northern redwoods. We found that the BT of codominant, intermediate and suppressed trees was around 8%, 14%, and 18% thicker, respectively, than bark of the same size dominant tree. Redwood trees growing in the partial shade of an overstory had thicker bark than trees growing in even-aged stands and incorporating genetic identity yielded major improvements in the BT model estimates, suggesting that BT is under genetic control. Bark thickness decreased with increasing height along the tree stem, with notable differences in the BT above and below breast height. Conclusions: We recommend utilizing the best available BT equations (over standard ‘bark factors’) in forest science, modeling and management applications. We also recommend the adoption of our drilling method for BT measurement on larger trees due to the potential for error associated with traditional bark gauge measurements.

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Goto, Takayuki, Kouichi Nakashima, Ichiro Fujii, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, Yoji Makita, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Barium Titanate/Strontium Titanate Multilayered Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 485 (July 2011): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.485.305.

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Nucleation and particle growth conditions of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) were investigated for preparation of the BT/strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) multilayered nanoparticles. The conditions with and without BT nucleation were clarified. Epitaxial growth of the BT layer on the ST substrate particles was studied using both conditions. The formation of the BT layer on the ST substrate particles was confirmed using the condition with BT nucleation.

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