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Chowdary, L. Rajesh, M. Bheemanna, A. C. Hosamani, A. Prabhuraj, M. K. Naik, and J. M. Nidagundi. "Built in refuge for the management of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Gelichidae: Lepidoptera) in Bt cotton." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.401.
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Field experiment was conducted at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur during 2012-13 to identify and evaluate the suitable refuge strategy systems for pink bollworm resistance management in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with nine refuge systems : 0 % N-Bt (BIR), 5 % N-Bt (BIR), 10 % N-Bt (BIR), 15 % N-Bt (BIR), 20% N-Bt perimeter refuge, 100% Non Bt, 50% Non Bt, 10% structured refuge and 20% structured refuge as treatments with three replications in replacement series. Significantly lowest incidence (3.55 larvae/plant) and number of bolls with exit holes (11.22) due to pink bollworm was recorded in 0% BIR (41.25 q/ha) followed by 5 % N-Bt (BIR) with yield of 38.74 q/ha and this was on par with 10 % N-Bt (BIR) with yield of 37.79 is next best refuge systems with Bt cotton for higher production and greater economic benefits.
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Lewczuk-Jodłowiec, U., J. Suchanicz, D. Sitko, and K. Konieczny. "Thermal properties of NBT-BT systems." Phase Transitions 90, no. 9 (December 5, 2016): 818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411594.2016.1262368.
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Marral, Muhammad Waseem Riaz, Fiaz Ahmad, Sami Ul-Allah, Atique-ur-Rehman, Shahid Farooq, and Mubshar Hussain. "Influence of Transgenic (Bt) Cotton on the Productivity of Various Cotton-Based Cropping Systems in Pakistan." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020276.
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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important fiber crop in Pakistan with significant economic importance. Transgenic, insect-resistant cotton (carrying a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)) was inducted in the cotton-based cropping systems of Pakistan during 2002, and is now sown in >90% of cotton fields in the country. However, concerns are rising that Bt cotton would decrease the productivity of winter crops (sown after cotton), leading to decreased system productivity. This two-year field study determined the impacts of transgenic (Bt) and non-transgenic (non-Bt) cotton genotypes on the productivities of winter crops (i.e., wheat, Egyptian clover, and canola), and the overall productivities of the cropping systems including these crops. Four cotton genotypes (two Bt and two non-Bt) and three winter crops (i.e., wheat, Egyptian clover, and canola) were included in the study. Nutrient availability was assessed after the harvest of cotton and winter crops. Similarly, the yield-related traits of cotton and winter crops were recorded at their harvest. The productivities of the winter crops were converted to net economic returns, and the overall economic returns of the cropping systems with winter crops were computed. The results revealed that Bt and non-Bt cotton genotypes significantly (p < 0.05) altered nutrient availability (N, P, K, B, Zn, and Fe). However, the yield-related attributes of winter crops were not affected by cotton genotypes, whereas the overall profitability of the cropping systems varied among the cotton genotypes. Economic analyses indicated that the Bt cotton–wheat cropping system was the most profitable, with a benefit–cost ratio of 1.55 in the semi-arid region of Pakistan. It is concluded that Bt cotton could be successfully inducted into the existing cropping systems of Pakistan without any decrease to the overall productivity of the cropping system.
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Yang, Xiao Jun, Jian Yong Li, and Yong Ping Lei. "The Preparation and Dielectric Properties of BT/PANI/PVDF Composite." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.17.
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Polyaniline (PANI) coated nano-sized BaTiO3 (BT) was blended with PVDF to form BT/PANI/PVDF composite. The incorporation of conductive PANI to the ceramic-polymer systems has significant influence on the dielectric properties of BT/PANI/PVDF composite. The BT/PANI/PVDF composite has higher dielectric constant than the comparable BT/PVDF in the frequency range from 40Hz to 1MHz. The polarization mechanism of the BT/PANI/PVDF composite has been discussed based on the experimental results.
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Kitsantas, Thomas. "Exploring Blockchain Technology and Enterprise Resource Planning System: Business and Technical Aspects, Current Problems, and Future Perspectives." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 7633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137633.
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An Enterprise Resource-Planning (ERP) system is a complex, highly integrated software package for business organizations. However, an ERP system still has its limits, since the ERP business model is centered around individual enterprises. Today there is a great need for closer interactions between enterprises worldwide, a necessity that ERP systems face great difficulties with, when expanding to a full-on ecosystem. By integrating Blockchain Technology (BT) with ERP, we are entering a new epoch of decentralization, allowing organizations to function frictionless in a unified ecosystem. This study highlights the importance of integrating BT and ERP systems as well as explores the major prospective pillars for utilizing BT and ERP. This paper contributes to the academic literature, since there is little research evidence concerning the technical and business aspects of BT and ERP, so it fills the gap by exploring the main potential areas for deploying BT and ERP systems.
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Lewczuk, U., J. Suchanicz, M. Karpierz, and G. Stachowski. "Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of NBT-BT systems." Phase Transitions 90, no. 1 (June 10, 2016): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411594.2016.1188299.
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Li, He, and Yi-Tian Gao. "Bilinear Form and Two Bäcklund Transformations for the (3+1)-Dimensional Jimbo-Miwa Equation." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/834521.
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With Bell polynomials and symbolic computation, this paper investigates the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation, which is one of the equations in the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy of integrable systems. We derive a bilinear form and construct a bilinear Bäcklund transformation (BT) for the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation, by virtue of which the soliton solutions are obtained. Bell-polynomial-typed BT is also constructed and cast into the bilinear BT.
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Reeve, M. H., C. Bilton, P. E. Holmes, and M. Bross. "Networks and systems for BT in the 21st century." BT Technology Journal 23, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10550-005-0103-5.
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Reeve, M. H., C. Bilton, P. E. Holmes, and M. Bross. "Networks and systems for BT in the 21st century." BT Technology Journal 25, no. 3-4 (July 2007): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10550-007-0073-x.
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Dively, Galen P., Fangneng Huang, Isaac Oyediran, Tony Burd, and Shannon Morsello. "Evaluation of gene flow in structured and seed blend refuge systems of non-Bt and Bt corn." Journal of Pest Science 93, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01126-4.
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Shiau, Steven J. H., Yu-Chiang Huang, Ching-Hsuan Yen, Yu-Chin Tsai, Chen-Kai Sun, Jer-Nan Juang, Chi-Yo Huang, Ching-Chun Huang, and Shih-Kun Huang. "A Novel Massive Deployment Solution Based on the Peer-to-Peer Protocol." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020296.
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: The BitTorrent (BT) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing protocol that was developed approximately 20 years ago, is becoming increasingly popular, and has been widely accepted. The BT-based mass deployment system can be used to improve performance and scalability that cannot be achieved by the unicasting, broadcasting, and multicasting protocols. However, when the BT-based system is applied in massive deployments, a major issue related to insufficient temporary storage space to store the whole system image before deploying needs to be resolved. Such problems arose because the system is deployed to the disk space, meaning that it cannot be used for temporary storage. Therefore, a novel BT-based solution that can remove the limitations caused by the insufficient temporary storage issue is proposed. The BT-based mass deployment system was designed by using the file system blocks transferring (FSBT) mechanism. The receiver of the FSBT mechanism can obtain the blocks of the file system from other peers. Then, those blocks will be written directly to raw disks or partitions. The sender of the FSBT mechanism can read the blocks of file systems directly from raw disks or partitions. Then, the blocks can be sent to other peers. This approach solves the insufficient temporary storage issue. The novel BT-based mass deployment system was tested and verified for the configuration consisting of at most 32 personal computers (PCs). To demonstrate the achievable performance of the novel BT-based system, comparisons were made between the novel program and the traditional multicast solutions, as well as other solutions for mass deployment. The proposed BT solution can be much faster than the multicast solution when deploying 11 machines or more. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and superior performance of the proposed system. Furthermore, performance comparisons of the proposed BT-based mass deployment system versus other solutions demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed solution. In the future, the BT parameters can be further optimized, and the simultaneous read and write features can be implemented to improve the deployment performance. In addition, the BT-based mass deployment system can serve as the basis for the development of other mass deployment systems.
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Kalam, Rehna, Ciza Thomas, and M. Abdul Rahiman. "Detection of Brain Tumor in MRI Images Using Optimized ANFIS Classifier." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 29, Supp01 (March 26, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488521400018.
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Tumor is basically a most common disease of brain and the Brain Tumor (BT) treatment has crucial significance. A diagnostic procedure called MRI image that is employed for detecting BT. It is the utmost important and intricate tasks in numerous medical-image applications since it typically involves a huge quantity of data. A lot of methods were applied in BT detection ranging as of image processing to examine the BT; however, the prevailing BT technique is tedious and less effective. So, this paper proposed the detection of the BT in MRI images utilizing optimized ANFIS classifier. Originally, the input MR image is preprocessed utilizing Gaussian Filter (GF) that removes the noise from the inputted image, additionally, the non-brain tissues (NBT) are removed using the technique of skull stripping (SS). After that, segmentation is performed wherein the tumor part is segmented utilizing CBAC technique and edema part is segmented utilizing HLSS segmentation technique. Then, GLCM in addition to GLRLM features are extracted afterward that extorted features is chosen by BFO algorithm. Finally, the selected features inputted to the optimized ANFIS classifier that classifies the tumor class types as Meningioma, Glioma, along with Pituitary. In ANFIS, the optimization procedure is achieved utilizing the PSO. The proposed system’s performance is contrasted to the prevailing systems regarding precision, recall, specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, together with F-Measure.
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KLEEN, J., F. TAUBE, and M. GIERUS. "Agronomic performance and nutritive value of forage legumes in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass under different defoliation systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, no. 1 (July 8, 2010): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610000456.
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SUMMARYProtein in forage legumes is often poorly utilized by ruminants and high nitrogen (N) losses are expected. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of forage legumes (white clover, WC; red clover, RC; lucerne, LG; and birdsfoot trefoil, BT) in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass (G) under different defoliation systems (silage, simulated grazing and grazing) on agronomic performance and forage quality. A high proportion of legumes may favour dry matter (DM) yield and the defoliation system may reduce the persistence of certain forage legumes, with a negative influence on the energy and N yield. Annual DM yield under grazing was highest for WC mixtures (WC+G, 1059·2 g DM/m²) compared to all other mixtures, confirming its adaptation to grazing. Mixtures with RC (RC+G) and LG (LG+G) performed similarly to WC+G, whereas BT mixtures (BT+G) were less competitive under more intensively used systems. Analyses of crude protein, cell wall characterization and protein fractionation showed a three-way interaction between year, mixture and defoliation system. RC and BT resulted in a positive protein quality of the mixtures, probably due to their content of secondary plant compounds. In conclusion, different forage legumes did not perform equally in the cutting and grazing systems, and both legume species and defoliation systems interacted in the production of forage of high protein quality for ruminant nutrition.
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Burgio, G., A. Lanzoni, G. Accinelli, G. Dinelli, A. Bonetti, I. Marotti, and F. Ramilli. "Evaluation of Bt-toxin uptake by the non-target herbivore, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), feeding on transgenic oilseed rape." Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, no. 2 (April 2007): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307004920.
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AbstractAs consequence of the concern about the biosafety of genetically modified plants, biological and ecological studies are considered crucial for environmental risk assessment. Laboratory experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the transfer of the Cry1Ac Bt-toxin from a transgenic Bt-oilseed rape to a non-target pest, Myzus persicae Sulzer. Cry1Ac protein levels in plants and aphids were determined using a double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phloem sap from (Bt+) and (Bt−) oilseed rape plants was collected from leaves using a standard method of extraction in an EDTA buffer. Bt-toxin was present in phloem sap, with a mean concentration of 2.7±1.46 ppb, corresponding to a 24-fold lower level than in oilseed rape leaves. Toxin was also detected in aphid samples, with a mean concentration in the positive samples of 2.0±0.8 ppb. The evidence that Bt-toxin remains in herbivores, in this case an aphid, could be useful to clarify functional aspects linked to possible consequences of Bt-crops on food chains involving herbivore–natural enemy trophic systems. Further studies are needed in order to improve the knowledge on the functional aspects linked to the transfer of the Cry1Ac Bt-toxin from GM-oilseed rape to aphids and their possible consequence.
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Lupwayi, Newton Z., and Robert E. Blackshaw. "Soil microbial properties in Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn cropping systems." Applied Soil Ecology 63 (January 2013): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.09.005.
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Hilbeck, Angelika, Nicolas Defarge, Thomas Bøhn, Michelle Krautter, Constanze Conradin, Caroline Amiel, Jean-Michel Panoff, and Miluse Trtikova. "Impact of Antibiotics on Efficacy of Cry Toxins Produced in Two Different Genetically Modified Bt Maize Varieties in Two Lepidopteran Herbivore Species, Ostrinia nubilalis and Spodoptera littoralis." Toxins 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120489.
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The insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely-used biopesticides that are used both as Bt spore-crystal preparations in sprayable formulations and as activated toxins in genetically modified (GM) plants. Models for their modes of action have been proposed but many issues remain unresolved. Among those is the role of commensal gut bacteria in target insect death: previous studies showed that antibiotics attenuate the toxicity of Bt sprays. We tested whether antibiotics interfere with the effects of GM plant-produced Bt toxins in larvae of two Lepidopteran species, the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis and the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. The larvae were reared on artificial diet with or without antibiotics and, thereafter, fed two varieties of Bt GM maize in comparison to conventional non-Bt maize leaves sprayed with antibiotic solution and/or with a Bt formulation. Antibiotics significantly reduced or delayed the toxicity of Cry toxins, although to a lesser extent than previously reported for Bt-sprays. This supports the hypothesis that Cry toxins induce mortality by themselves in the absence of Bt bacteria and spores, and of commensal gut bacteria. However, larvae that were not treated with antibiotics died faster and at a higher rate which was further compounded by plant variety and species sensitivity. These findings support a hypothesis that toxicemia alone can inflict significant mortality. However, in the absence of antibiotics, the gut bacteria likely enhance the Cry toxin effect by inflicting, additionally, bacterial septicemia. This has important implications in field situations where antibiotic substances are present—e.g., from manure of animals from conventional production systems—and for ecotoxicological testing schemes of Bt toxins and nontarget organisms that are often using artificial diets enriched with high concentrations of antibiotics.
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Bao, Haiming, Peter Knights, Mehmet Kizil, and Micah Nehring. "Electrification Alternatives for Open Pit Mine Haulage." Mining 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining3010001.
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Truck-Shovel (TS) systems are the most common mining system currently used in large surface mines. They offer high productivity combined with the flexibility to be rapidly relocated and to adjust load/haul capacity and capital expenditure according to market conditions. As the world moves to decarbonise as part of the transition to net zero emission targets, it is relevant to examine options for decarbonising the haulage systems in large surface mines. In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) systems offer a smaller environmental footprint regarding emissions, but they are associated with a number of limitations related to high initial capital expenditure, capacity limits, mine planning and inflexibility during mine operation. Among the emerging technological options, innovative Trolley Assist (TA) technology promises to reduce energy consumption for lower carbon footprint mining systems. TA systems have demonstrated outstanding potential for emission reduction from their application cases. Battery and energy recovery technology advancements are shaping the evolution of TAs from diesel-electric truck-based patterns toward purely electrified BT ones. Battery Trolley (BT) systems combined with autonomous battery-electric trucks and Energy Recovery Systems (ERSs) are novel and capable of achieving further significant emission cuts for surface mining operations associated with safety, energy saving and operational improvements. This article reviews and compares electrification alternatives for large surface mines, including IPCC, TA and BT systems. These emerging technologies provide opportunities for mining companies and associated industries to adopt zero-emission solutions and help transition to an intelligent electric mining future.
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Maffei, Marco, Raffaela Casciello, and Fiorenza Meucci. "Blockchain technology: uninvestigated issues emerging from an integrated view within accounting and auditing practices." Journal of Organizational Change Management 34, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2020-0264.
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore the effects of adopting and implementing blockchain technology (BT) in accounting and auditing practices in terms of benefits and threats, thus discovering new and upcoming risks and issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a critical perspective to investigate how the implementation of BT could affect accounting and auditing practices, providing a reflection on the role of accountants and auditors during such a technological revolution.FindingsThis paper highlights the importance of the unreplaceable professional conscience and experience of accountants and auditors compared to the impersonal and standardised operating system of artificial intelligence provided by BT. The development and diffusion of BT are leading professionals to acquaint themselves with new accounting and auditing systems, such as reinventing old practices and finding new ways of taking advantage of blockchain instead of being overwhelmed.Originality/valueDifferent from the majority of previous literature contributions, this study looks beyond the potential and undeniable benefits that BT can offer to accounting and auditing environments by focussing especially on the threats and risks caused by its implementation.
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Truter, J., H. Van Hamburg, and J. Van Den Berg. "Comparative Diversity of Arthropods on Bt Maize and Non-Bt Maize in two Different Cropping Systems in South Africa." Environmental Entomology 43, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en12177.
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Dowling, Anna, Benjamin Seitzman, Timothy Mitchell, Michael Olufawo, Miriam Agamah, Rachel Butler, Alana McMichael, et al. "RONC-12. Evaluation of brain network segregation using resting state functional MRI in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton beam therapy." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022): i179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.666.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Mechanisms of cognitive injury in pediatric brain tumor (BT) patients are poorly understood and biomarkers predicting cognitive deficits are lacking. Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) can evaluate large-scale brain networks to provide insight into neural changes that follow diagnosis and treatment. This project evaluated functional brain network segregation in pediatric BT patients treated with proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT). METHODS: rsfMRI scans were acquired from 21 pediatric patients (5 female, 16 male) with any brain tumor diagnosis treated with PBRT. Data were processed to reduce contamination, and correlation matrices were generated using all gray matter voxels. Brain network segregation (BNS) was measured and compared to 139 age-matched controls. Analysis included comparison of BNS in association systems (comprised of default mode, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, language, salience, and cingulo-opercular networks) and somatosensory systems (including auditory, visual, and somatomotor networks). Patient and clinical factors were evaluated for relationships with BNS. Patients underwent cognitive testing utilizing the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Domain (NIH-TCD). RESULTS: Median age at PBRT was 10 years (range 2.2-17.9). PBRT volume was whole brain in 10 and conformal in 11. rsfMRI occurred at a median of 2.9 years (range 1.0-5.6) after PBRT. Average BNS of association systems was significantly lower in patients than in controls (t= -8.1, p<10-10), but there was no significant difference in BNS of somatosensory systems (p=0.4). There was a trend towards worse BNS in association systems in patients <10 years old at PBRT (p=0.07). Patients demonstrated deficits in cognitive testing as assessed by the NIH-TCD; however, there were no significant relationships between score and network segregation. CONCLUSION: Pediatric BT patients treated with PBRT demonstrated normal BNS in somatosensory systems. However, BNS of association systems, which control high-level cognitive functions including social cognition, attention, and memory formation, was significantly decreased in BT patients treated with PBRT.
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SHAH, MUHAMMAD ASGHAR, MUHAMMAD FAROOQ, and MUBSHAR HUSSAIN. "EVALUATION OF TRANSPLANTING BT COTTON IN A COTTON–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000338.
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SUMMARYCotton–wheat is an important cropping system in South Asia. Introduction of BT cotton has caused the time conflict between sowing of BT cotton and wheat harvest in this cropping system. Wheat is harvested in late April but the best planting time of BT cotton is mid-March, which indicates a time conflict of 30–45 days between two crops in the region. However, this conflict can be managed by raising the cotton nursery and transplanting 30–45 days old seedlings in the field after wheat harvest. This two years field study was conducted to assess the economic feasibility of transplanting BT cotton in BT cotton–wheat cropping system at two locations (Multan, Vehari) in the cotton belt of Punjab, Pakistan. The BT cotton–wheat cropping systems included in the study were; flat sown wheat (FSW) – zero-tilled cotton (ZTC), FSW – conventional-tilled cotton (CTC), ridge sown wheat (RSW) – ridge-transplanted cotton (RTC) (30 days old seedlings), RSW – RTC (45 days old seedlings), bed sown wheat (BSW) – bed-transplanted cotton (BTC) (30 days old seedlings) and BSW – BTC (45 days old seedlings). BSW produced more grain yield than RSW and FSW during both years at both locations. Likewise, BTC (45 days old seedlings) had higher production at both sites during both years. The overall productivity of BT cotton–wheat, in terms of net income, benefit: cost ratio and marginal rate of returns, was the maximum from transplanting 45 days old cotton seedlings on beds after BSW during both years at both sites. Sowing cotton as ZTC following FSW was the least productive cropping system. In conclusion, transplanting 45 days seedlings of BT cotton on beds during late April after harvest of BSW wheat may be opted to manage the time conflict and improve the productivity of BT cotton–wheat cropping system in Punjab, Pakistan.
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Fortune, Erica E., M. Claire Saxton, and Alexandra Katherine Zaleta. "Biomarker testing experiences among people with lung, colorectal, and breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.273.
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273 Background: Biomarker testing (BT) in oncology is rapidly becoming the standard-of-care across cancer types. There is an established relationship between BT and subsequent prognosis, as well as patient-reported outcomes; thus, the barriers and facilitators for BT are essential to understand. This study investigated the utilization of BT among people diagnosed with cancer and the most frequently experienced BT problems, as well as the person- and systems-level factors associated with BT problems. Methods: We conducted an online survey with adults ( N= 436) diagnosed with either lung (38%), colorectal (35%) or breast cancer (27%) since 2018 (Mean yrs since diagnosis = 2.6, SD= 1.0), across all cancer stages (35% metastatic at diagnosis) and status (31% initial occurrence; 32% recurrence; 28% remission/no current evidence of disease). Participants (68% women; Mean age = 49yrs, SD= 13; 74% Non-Hispanic White) were recruited through a research panel and cancer advocacy organizations. Results: The majority of respondents (85%) reported undergoing BT as part of their cancer care experience. Among those tested, 37% reported experiencing 0 problems with BT, 42% reported 1-2 problems, 15% reported 3-4, and 6% reported 5-7 ( M= 1.4 problems, SD= 1.5). The most commonly cited BT problems were: difficulty understanding results (28%), l ong wait period between test and results (27%), and difficulty scheduling the test (23%). Key sociodemographic (age, gender, income), clinical (cancer diagnosis), and health system variables (insurance type, care setting) were identified as significant bivariate correlates of the number of BT problems experienced. When considering the variables concurrently in a backwards elimination linear regression model (criterion: Probability of F-to-remove > =.10), 5 variables remain in the model explaining 14% of the overall variance, but only 2 variables hold as significant predictors: having Medicaid significantly increased the number of BT problems ( β=.29, p<.001), while receiving care at an academic/comprehensive care center significantly decreased the number of BT problems ( β= -.13, p<.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of BT in our current sample was high, especially compared to rates reported in the existing literature. While this is a promising finding, as is the low overall number of BT problems reported, patients’ experience of problems varied; opportunities exist to better support patient understanding of results and testing system delivery (wait time, scheduling). Further, patients with Medicaid and those receiving care outside academic/comprehensive care centers were statistically more likely to report problems, even after controlling for key sociodemographic and clinical variables. As the science of BT continues to evolve and become a cornerstone for cancer care, it is imperative that we continue to address equitable access to BT as well as commonly cited BT problems.
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Baker, G. H., and C. R. Tann. "Mating of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths and their host plant origins as larvae within Australian cotton farming systems." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 2 (September 24, 2012): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000508.
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AbstractTransgenic (Bt) cotton dominates Australian cotton production systems. It is grown to control feeding damage by lepidopteran pests such as Helicoverpa armigera. The possibility that these moths might become resistant to Bt remains a threat. Consequently, refuge crops (with no Bt) must be grown with Bt cotton to produce large numbers of Bt-susceptible moths to reduce the risk of resistance developing. A key assumption of the refuge strategy, that moths from different host plant origins mate at random, remains untested. During the period of the study reported here, refuge crops included pigeon pea, conventional cotton (C3 plants), sorghum or maize (C4 plants). To identify the relative contributions made by these (and perhaps other) C3 and C4 plants to populations of H. armigera in cotton landscapes, we measured stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) within individual moths captured in the field. Overall, 53% of the moths were of C4 origin. In addition, we demonstrated, by comparing the stable isotope signatures of mating pairs of moths, that mating is indeed random amongst moths of different plant origins (i.e. C3 and C4). Stable nitrogen isotope signatures (δ15N) were recorded to further discriminate amongst host plant origins (e.g. legumes from non-legumes), but such measurements proved generally unsuitable. Since 2010, maize and sorghum are no longer used as dedicated refuges in Australia. However, these plants remain very common crops in cotton production regions, so their roles as ‘unstructured’ refuges seem likely to be significant.
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Xie, Xiaowei, Zhifu Cui, Yanan Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Fengqin Cao, Jörg Romeis, Yufa Peng, and Yunhe Li. "Bacillus thuringiensis Maize Expressing a Fusion Gene Cry1Ab/Cry1AcZM Does Not Harm Valued Pollen Feeders." Toxins 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010008.
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The ladybird Propylea japonica, adults of the green lacewing Chrysoperla nipponensis and the honey bee Apis mellifera are common pollen feeders in many crop systems. They could therefore be directly exposed to Cry proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic crop fields by ingestion of pollen. They, or closely related species, are therefore often selected as surrogate test species in non-target risk assessment of Bt plants. In the current study, we evaluated the potential effects of the ingestion of Bt maize pollen containing the Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac fusion protein on various life-table parameters of the three pollen-feeding non-target species in laboratory feeding assays. The results showed that pupation rate and male adult fresh weight of P. japonica were significantly increased when fed pollen from Bt maize compared to control maize pollen, but other test life-table parameters were not affected. For the other two species, none of the tested life-table parameters (survival, pre-oviposition period, fecundity and adult fresh weight for C. nipponensis; survival and mean acinus diameter of hypopharyngeal glands for A. mellifera) differed between non-Bt and Bt maize pollen treatments. ELISA measurements confirmed the stability and uptake of the Cry protein by all three species during the feeding bioassays. In addition, a sensitive insect bioassay confirmed the bioactivity of the Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac protein in the Bt maize pollen used. Overall, the results suggested that the three pollen feeders are not sensitive to the Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac protein, and planting of the Bt maize variety will pose a negligible risk to P. japonica, adult C. nipponensis and adult A. mellifera.
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de Paz, Héctor D., Félix J. Sangari, Silvia Bolland, Juan M. García-Lobo, Christoph Dehio, Fernando de la Cruz, and Matxalen Llosa. "Functional interactions between type IV secretion systems involved in DNA transfer and virulence." Microbiology 151, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 3505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28410-0.
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This paper reports an analysis of the functional interactions between type IV secretion systems (T4SS) that are part of the conjugative machinery for horizontal DNA transfer (cT4SS), and T4SS involved in bacterial pathogenicity (pT4SS). The authors' previous work showed that a conjugative coupling protein (T4CP) interacts with the VirB10-type component of the T4SS in order to recruit the protein–DNA complex to the transporter for conjugative DNA transfer. This study now shows by two-hybrid analysis that conjugative T4CPs also interact with the VirB10 element of the pT4SS of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (At), Bartonella tribocorum (Bt) and Brucella suis (Bs). Moreover, the VirB10 component of a cT4SS (protein TrwE of plasmid R388) could be partially substituted by that of a pT4SS (protein TrwE of Bt) for conjugation. This result opens the way for the construction of hybrid T4SS that deliver DNA into animal cells. Interestingly, in the presence of part of the Bs T4SS the R388 T4SS protein levels were decreased and R388 conjugation was strongly inhibited. Complementation assays between the Trw systems of R388 and Bt showed that only individual components from the so-called ‘core complex’ could be exchanged, supporting the concept that this core is the common scaffold for the transport apparatus while the other ‘peripheral components' are largely system-specific.
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YIMNIRUN, RATTIKORN. "CONTRIBUTIONS OF DOMAIN-RELATED PHENOMENA ON DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LEAD-BASED FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE PRE-STRESS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 23 (September 20, 2006): 3409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206035527.
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The dielectric constant of lead-based ferroelectric ceramics in three different systems, i.e. BT-PZT, PMN-PT and PMN-PZT, was measured under uniaxial compressive pre-stress to investigate the contributions of different domain-phenomena. The dielectric constant was observed at room temperature under the compressive pre-stress up to 15 MPa, 22 MPa and 5 MPa for BT-PZT, PMN-PT and PMN-PZT, respectively, using a homebuilt uniaxial compressometer. Dielectric constant of the BT-PZT ceramics increased significantly with increasing applied stress. Larger changes in the dielectric constant with the applied stress were observed in the PZT-rich compositions. However, for PMN-PT and PMN-PZT ceramic systems, changes in the dielectric constant with the stress were found to depend significantly on the ceramic compositions. The experimental results could be explained by both intrinsic and extrinsic domain-related mechanisms involving domain wall motions, as well as the de-aging phenomenon from the application of the compressive pre-stress. Roles of different types of domains, i.e. micro-domains and nano-domains, were also discussed.
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Aoki, Ken, Dan P. Stephens, and John M. Johnson. "Diurnal variation in cutaneous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor systems during heat stress." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): R591—R595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.2.r591.
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It is not clear whether the diurnal variation in the cutaneous circulatory response to heat stress is via the noradrenergic vasoconstrictor system or the nonadrenergic active vasodilator system. We conducted whole body heating experiments in eight male subjects at 0630 (AM) and 1630 (PM). Skin blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry at control sites and at sites pretreated with bretylium (BT) to block noradrenergic vasoconstriction. Noninvasive blood pressure was used to calculate cutaneous vascular conductance. The sublingual temperature (Tor) threshold for cutaneous vasodilation was significantly higher in PM at control and at BT-treated sites (both P < 0.01), suggesting the diurnal shift in threshold depends on the active vasodilator system. The slope of cutaneous vascular conductance as a percentage of its maximum with respect to Tor was significantly lower in AM at control sites only. Also, in the AM, the slope at control sites was significantly lower than that at BT-treated sites ( P < 0.05), suggesting that the diurnal change in the sensitivity of cutaneous vasodilation depends on vasoconstrictor system function. Overall, the diurnal variation in the reflex control of skin blood flow during heat stress involves both vasoconstrictor and active vasodilator systems.
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Assis, Rui, Pedro Carmona Marques, and Raphaela Vidal. "Application of Monte-Carlo Simulation Towards a Better Understanding of Bayes’ Theorem in Engineering Education." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.001_0002.
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Bayes' Theorem (BT) is treated in probability theory and statistics. The BT shows how to change the probabilities a priori in view of new evidence, to obtain probabilities a posteriori. With the Bayesian interpretation of probability, the BT is expressed as the probability of an event (or the degree of belief in the occurrence of an event) should be changed, after considering evidence about the occurrence of that event. Bayesian inference is fundamental to Bayesian statistics. An example of practical application of this theorem in Health Systems is to consider the existence of false positives and false negatives in diagnoses. At the Academy, the theme of BT is exposed almost exclusively in its analytical form. With this article, the authors intend to contribute to clarify the logic behind this theorem, and get students better understanding of its important fields of application, using three methods: the classic analytical (Bayesian inference), the frequentist (frequency inference) and the numerical simulation of Monte-Carlo. Thus, it intends to explain BT on a practical and friendly way that provides understanding to students avoiding memorizing the formulas. We provide a spreadsheet that is accessible to any professor. Moreover, we highlight the methodology could be extended to other topics.
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Medici, Mario Fregonara, Stefania Bellelli, Luciano Villarboito, and Michela Pepe. "PP137 Regional Process For Planning Medical Equipment Procurement In Italy." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317002860.
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INTRODUCTION:An appropriate governance of the installed equipment base, by defining replacements strategies and programming introductions of innovative Biomedical Technologies (BT), has direct effects on the efficiency and effectiveness of health systems. An effective health technology management is of paramount importance for providing safe, high quality and innovative care with the constraint of health-care budgets, safeguarding equity, access and choice principles. Data from the regional BT information flow show that, compared to the gold standard (1), the North Region of Italy has about 15 percent less of large medical equipment younger than 5 years and about 15 percent more of equipment older than 10 years.METHODS:In order to draw a unified path of BT procurement processes, in 2013 and 2014 regional regulations (2,3) were enacted. Each Public Hospital and Local Health Authorities (ASRs) defined a plan (PLTB) containing, regardless of the form of procurement and type of funding, all BT requests for a value greater than EUR40,000 distinguished in replacement/new acquisition/upgrade, innovative acquisition and donations. Requests of BT have to obtain the authorization by the Regional Healthcare Authority Commission (GTB), in compliance with defined criteria, including financial and sustainability aspects, after the evaluation of the Regional Clinical Engineering Commission (GIC) supported by IRES, Health Technology Assessment and Management research group.RESULTS:Over the years 2014 and 2015, the ASRs submitted 491 BT requests, of which 87 percent were replacement/new acquisition/upgrade, 9 percent innovative acquisition and 4 percent donations. Altogether 26 percent of these instances were urgent and 2 percent were unique BT on the market. Sixteen percent of requests for replacement/new acquisition/upgrade of BT related to large medical equipment with mean age of 13.3 years, 2 percent regarded innovative BT with average age of 8.4 years and 48 percent widespread technologies with mean age of 15.6 years.CONCLUSIONS:The limitations in investments deriving from being a Region in “Recovery Plan”, have originated an absence of BT programming, as shown in PLTB by the prevalence of requests for the replacement management of obsolete equipment with inadequate performance, high machine downtimes and elevated maintenance costs.
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Valdés, H., and C. A. Zaror. "Advanced treatment of benzothiazole contaminated waters: comparison of O3, AC, and O3/AC processes." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0704.
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Benzothiazole (BT) is a toxic and poorly biodegradable contaminant, usually found in wastewater from rubber related applications. This compound could be effectively eliminated using advanced treatment processes. This paper compares experimental results on detoxification systems based on ozone oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, and simultaneous adsorption-oxidation using ozone in the presence of activated carbon. The effect of pH (2–11), and the presence of radical scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol and sodium carbonate) on process rates and removal efficiencies are assessed at laboratory scale. The experimental system consisted of a 1L differential circular flow reactor and an ozone generator rated at 5g O3/h. Results show that ozone oxidation combined with activated carbon adsorption increases the overall BT oxidation rate with respect to the ozonation process and activated carbon adsorption. In the presence of free radical scavenger, only a 44% reduction in BT removal rate is observed in the simultaneous treatment, as compared with 72% when ozonation treatment is used, suggesting that BT oxidation reactions mainly take place on the activated carbon surface.
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Burkin, Maksim A., Inna A. Galvidis, and Sergei A. Eremin. "Influence of Endogenous Factors of Food Matrices on Avidin—Biotin Immunoassays for the Detection of Bacitracin and Colistin in Food." Foods 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11020219.
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(Strept)avidin–biotin technology is frequently used in immunoassay systems to improve their analytical properties. It is known from clinical practice that many (strept)avidin–biotin-based tests provide false results when analyzing patient samples with a high content of endogenous biotin. No specific investigation has been carried out regarding possible interferences from avidin (AVI) and biotin (B7) contained in food matrices in (strept)avidin–biotin-based immunoanalytical systems for food safety. Two kinds of competitive ELISAs for bacitracin (BT) and colistin (COL) determination in food matrices were developed based on conventional hapten–protein coating conjugates and biotinylated BT and COL bound to immobilized streptavidin (SAV). Coating SAV–B7–BT and SAV–B7–COL complexes-based ELISAs provided 2- and 15-times better sensitivity in BT and COL determination, corresponding to 0.6 and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. Simultaneously with the determination of the main analytes, these kinds of tests were used as competitive assays for the assessment of AVI or B7 content up to 10 and 1 ng/mL, respectively, in food matrices (egg, infant milk formulas enriched with B7, chicken and beef liver). Matrix-free experiments with AVI/B7-enriched solutions showed distortion of the standard curves, indicating that these ingredients interfere with the adequate quantification of analytes. Summarizing the experience of the present study, it is recommended to avoid immunoassays based on avidin–biotin interactions when analyzing biosamples containing these endogenous factors or enriched with B7.
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Söhne, Nathalie, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, and Françoise Guichard. "Verification of Cloud Cover Forecast with Satellite Observation over West Africa." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 4421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2432.1.
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Abstract The 3-hourly brightness temperatures (BTs) at 10.8 μm from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite were used to document the cloud system variability over West Africa in the summer of 2006 and to evaluate the quality of the Méso-NH model forecasts of cloud cover in the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) framework. Cloud systems were observed over the Guinean and Sahelian bands with more frequent occurrence and patchier structures in the afternoon. Some intraseasonal variations of the number of cloud systems were found, partly related to the intermittency of the African easterly wave (AEW) activity. Compared to the MSG observations, the Méso-NH model reproduces the overall variation of the BT at 10.8 μm well at D + 1 forecast. The model captures the BT diurnal cycle under conditions of clear-sky and high-cloud cover, but misses the lowest BT values associated with deep convection. Forecasted cloud systems are more numerous and smaller, hence patchier, than those observed. These results suggest some deficiencies in the model’s convection and cloud parameterization schemes. The use of meteorological scores further documents the skill of the model to predict cloud systems. Beyond some systematic differences between simulations and observations, analysis also suggests that the model high-cloud forecast is improved under specific synoptic forcing conditions related to AEW activity. This indicates that room exists for improving the skills of weather forecasting over West Africa.
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Quiniou, Nathalie. "Results of 15 Years of Precision Feeding of Hyper Prolific Gestating Sows." Animals 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102908.
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The increase in prolificacy at weaning is less than that at farrowing due to increased loss of piglets. As a result, farmers focus more on solutions that can prevent difficult parturition or a decrease in milk production. The body condition of the sow influences both factors. A model developed to estimate energy requirements of gestating sows was used to monitor the body weight and back fat thickness (BT) at farrowing, through the creation of a demonstration farm that included 7 batches of 24 sows. Daily feed allowance was adapted to characteristics of each sow at the beginning of gestation. Based on data collected since 2005 from 5140 gestations in different housing systems, the BT averaged 19.3 mm at farrowing, with no significant differences among housing systems. Within-batch variability in BT ranged from 3–4 mm and is expected to improve in the future by using sensors to automatically weigh and measure physical activity towards a real-time assessment of energy requirements. The next step in reducing feed costs and environmental impacts is to consider amino-acid and phosphorus requirements in the precision-feeding strategy.
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Blanc, M., P. Kaelin, and F. Gadani. "Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for the Control of Insect Pests in Stored Tobacco: A Review." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0727.
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AbstractAmong the insect species causing infestations and serious damages to stored commodities, the cigarette beetle,Lasiodermaserricorne(F.) and the tobacco moth,Ephestiaelutella(Hübner) are the major pests of both raw and manufactured tobacco. Post-harvest tobacco control is achieved through sanitation, insect monitoring, and fumigation with phosphine. However, insect resistance to phosphine and control failures have been reported, and increasing regulatory pressure is being exerted on fumigants. Biological control agents such asBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) appear to be environmentally sound and potentially viable alternatives to chemical control. Bt is a bacterium that produces insecticidal crystal proteins during the sporulation phase and has been, for more than 40 years, the microorganism of choice for the biocontrol of phytophagous insect pests. It produces insecticidal crystal proteins that display specific activity against certain orders of insects and become active upon ingestion by the insect. Our laboratory has conducted extensive research and worldwide surveys to evaluate the presence of Bt in stored tobacco and has confirmed previous findings indicating that Bt may be considered part of the naturally occurring phylloplanemicroflora. Several Bt strains were isolated from tobacco and characterized by DNA and protein profiling. The insecticidal activity of selected strains and of two commercial products against the larvae ofL. serricornewas determined by diet incorporation assays. Moreover, the stability of Bt spores and crystal proteins on cured tobacco leaves was assessed over a storage period of time of 30 months. Cigarette prototypes were made with Bt-treated tobacco. Standard cigarette and smoke evaluations did not show any significant difference between the test and control cigarettes. Although the tested Bt strains and products did not yield satisfactory levels of mortality at the required times and doses, the experimental results summarized in the present review indicate thatB. thuringiensishas potential for the control of the cigarette beetle. The integration of conventional control approaches with novel systems based on biological agents with different modes of action should offer new avenues for the effective management of stored tobacco pests in line with integrated pest management (IPM) concepts.
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Towles, T. B., G. D. Buntin, A. L. Catchot, J. Gore, D. R. Cook, M. A. Caprio, and C. Daves. "Quantifying the Contribution of Seed Blended Refugia in Field Corn to Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 4 (May 24, 2021): 1771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab097.
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Abstract Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), a pest of cotton that also occurs in field corn, is commonly controlled through the use of foliar-applied insecticides or transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) genes. To minimize the risk of Bt resistance in pest populations, refuge systems have been implemented for sustainable agroecosystem management. Historically, structured refuge compliance among growers has been low, leading to the commercialization of seed blended refugia. To test the viability of seed blended refugia in southern U.S. field corn, field studies were conducted in Mississippi and Georgia during 2016, 2017, and 2018 growing seasons. To quantify adult H. zea emergence from structured (non-Bt corn) and seed blended refuge options, emergence traps were utilized. Kernel damage among seed blended refuge and structured refuge corn ears were recorded and compared. The timing of moth emergence was recorded. When compared to a structured refuge, H. zea adult moth emergence from seed blended refugia did not significantly differ. Kernel damage of non-Bt plants in the seed blended treatments was not significantly different than non-Bt plants in the structured refuge treatments. Moth emergence timing was not significantly delayed between the structured refuge and seed blended refuge treatments. Results of this study suggest that a seed blended refuge may provide an effective insecticide resistance management alternative for H. zea in areas where structured refuge compliance is low.
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Douches, D. S., A. L. Westedt, K. Zarka, B. Schroeter, and E. J. Grafius. "Potato Transformation to Combine Natural and Engineered Resistance for Controlling Tuber Moth." HortScience 33, no. 6 (October 1998): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.6.1053.
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Potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) is a highly destructive pest of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the tropics and subtropics and causes significant damage to both leaves and tubers. Development of host plant resistance is a central component of an integrated pest management (IPM) program for potato tuber moth. The purpose of this research was to augment natural resistance by transforming potato with a codon-modified CryV-Bt gene using Agrobacterium-mediated techniques. `Lemhi Russet' potato and two clones with different host plant resistance mechanisms, USDA8380-1 (leaf leptines) and L235-4 (glandular trichomes), were transformed with the CryV-Bt gene. Gene integration of regenerated plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reactions and Southern analyses; gene transcription was evaluated by northern analyses. Detached leaf bioassays showed that high levels of Bt expression occurred in the CryV-Bt transgenic lines (`Lemhi Russet' and L235-4), providing up to 96% control of potato tuber moth larvae, compared with 3% and 54% control in L235-4 and USDA8380-1, respectively. These transgenic lines can be used for breeding purposes to develop cultivars for (and eventual introduction into) IPM systems.
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Gu, Jiangjiang, Ranfeng Ye, Yiduo Xu, Yashi Yin, Shengqing Li, and Hao Chen. "A historical overview of analysis systems for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins." Microchemical Journal 165 (June 2021): 106137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106137.
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Wei, Xianglin, Ming Chen, Chaogang Tang, Huali Bai, Guomin Zhang, and Zhanfeng Wang. "iRep: indirect reciprocity reputation based efficient content delivery in BT-like systems." Telecommunication Systems 54, no. 1 (July 4, 2013): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-013-9715-0.
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Reeve, M., P. Holmes, and C. Bilton. "21CN: networks and systems for BT in the 21st century [network architecture]." Communications Engineer 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ce:20050504.
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Haneda, IG, RG Fonseca, FO Abi-Rached, GL Adabo, and CAS Cruz. "Shear Bond Strength of Different Repair Systems to Titanium After Water Aging." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-231-l.
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SUMMARY This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and stability of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti)/repair material interfaces promoted by different repair systems. One hundred CP Ti cast discs were divided into five repair system groups: 1) Epricord (EP); 2) Bistite II DC (BT); 3) Cojet (CJ); 4) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (SB) (control group); and 5) Cojet Sand plus Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (CJSB). The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, thermal cycled (5000 cycles, 5°-55°C) and stored under the same conditions for either 24 hours or six months (n=10). SBS was tested and the data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (α=.05). Failure mode was determined with a stereomicroscope (20×). The repair system, storage time, and their interaction significantly affected the SBS (p<0.001). At 24 hours, CJSB exhibited the highest SBS value, followed by CJ. At six months, these two groups had similar mean SBS (p>0.05) and higher means in comparison to the other groups. For both storage times, BT presented the lowest SBS, while the EP and SB groups did not differ significantly from one another (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in SBS between the storage times for the groups EP and CJ (p>0.05). The groups BT, SB, and CJSB showed 100% adhesive failure, irrespective of storage time. The CJSB group showed the highest SBS at both storage times. At six months, the CJ group exhibited a similar SBS mean value when compared to the CJSB group. Water storage adversely affected the groups BT, SB (control group), and CJSB. Considering SBS values, stability, and the failure mode simultaneously, the CJ group showed the best CP Ti repair performance.
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Wulandari, Meyliana, Nofrizal Nofrizal, and Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman. "Tea Waste Products: A New Low-Cost and Green Adsorbent Alternative for Rhodamine-B Dye Removal." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 6 (November 21, 2022): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.75739.
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Tea waste products were thrown out without any intention to utilize their potential benefits. This waste will help to improve industries to absorb rhodamine-B (RhB) dye pollutants currently used by various industries. This study evaluated the application of tea waste products to remove Rh-B from aqueous systems by investigating adsorption kinetics in a batch process. The ability and mechanism of Indonesian black and green tea in RhB adsorption were determined by optimizing temperature, pH, contact time, and concentration of dye solution. Achievement of equilibrium attained at 40 min for black tea (BT) and green tea (GT). Subsequently, the adsorption capacity reached optimum at 80 and 70 °C for GT, and the maximum adsorption capacities for BT and GT were 22 and 47 mg/g, respectively, at pH 2.5. The absorption of RhB in both bio-sorbents was an exothermic process that well fit the Langmuir model and a pseudo-second-order reaction. The presented R2 values from the Langmuir isotherm are 0.9967 (BT) and 0.9979 (GT). The separation factor was determined as 0.026 (BT) and 0.055 (GT). Thermodynamic studies were carried out to calculate free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes. The result showed that the removal study of BT and GT is 59.06 and 60.25%, respectively, using 10% acetic acid. Study comparisons were carried out on both teas with other bio-sorbents for more improvement. These results show that tea waste products can be used as alternative adsorbents to absorb RhB from wastewater.
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Muñoz-Organero, Mario, Pedro J. Muñoz-Merino, and Carlos Delgado Kloos. "Using Bluetooth to Implement a Pervasive Indoor Positioning System with Minimal Requirements at the Application Level." Mobile Information Systems 8, no. 1 (2012): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/386161.
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Different systems have been proposed to estimate the position of a mobile device using Bluetooth based on metrics such as the Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), the received Bit Error Rate (BER) or the Cellular Signal Quality (CSQ). These systems try to improve the estimation accuracy of the basic and straightforward triangulation method among discovered BT reference base stations at the cost of requiring that the positioning application has access to low level hardware related data (provided by the Host Controller Interface) and obtaining information which is in many cases hardware, and therefore device, dependent. In this paper we design, simulate, implement and validate a Bluetooth positioning system that only requires the ability to handle SDP service records at the application level, achieving mean errors around 1 to 3 meters, improving the basic triangulation method among discovered BT reference base stations.
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Abián-Vicén, Javier, Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez, and Pablo Abián. "AIR-BT, a new badminton-specific incremental easy-to-use test." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): e0257124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257124.
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Background Badminton is a highly demanding sport characterized by intermittent efforts with energy being provided by both the aerobic and anaerobic systems. To date, no incremental badminton field test has been developed that can be easily used by badminton coaches that requires accessible material for anyone. Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop a practical and reliable easy-to use intermittent endurance badminton test for estimating maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Methods Thirty six Spanish badminton players (age: 24.1±10.3 years) performed, on different days of the same week, four incremental protocols to exhaustion in randomized order: a treadmill incremental test, a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (Yo-Yo IR1) and twice the Abian intermittent recovery badminton test (AIR-BT). Oxygen uptake was determined with a breath-by-breath gas analyzer during the incremental treadmill test, and performance in the Yo-yo IR1 and AIR-BT was recorded. Results Significant correlations (p<0.001) for Pearson’s product moment coefficient were found between the performance in the AIR-BT and the two non-specific incremental tests (VO2max in the Treadmill Test: r = 0.87, distance in the Yo-Yo IR1: r = 0.86). The regression equation to calculate the VO2max from the AIR-BT time [VO2max = 0.023*(AIR-BT time in seconds)+31.334] showed an adjusted R2 of 0.76 and a SEE of 3.34 ml·kg-1·min-1. There was no significant difference between VO2max obtained by the incremental treadmill test and VO2max calculated using the regression equation (p = 0.644). A paired t-test reported no significant differences between day 1 and day 2 in the AIR-BT time (p = 0.753), the Pearson correlation coefficient between both days was: r = 0.88 (p<0.001) and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.875. Conclusions The AIR-BT is a valid and reliable on-court test for assessing VO2max in badminton players and may be utilized by coaches and physical trainers for cross-sectional comparison of players and for evaluation of longitudinal changes.
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Salehi, Zeinab, Paknoosh Karimaghaee, Shabnam Salehi, and Mohammad-Hassan Khooban. "Phase Preserving Balanced Truncation for Order Reduction of Positive Real Systems." Automation 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/automation3010004.
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This paper presents a new passivity-preserving order reduction method for linear time-invariant passive systems, which are also called positive real (PR) systems, with the aid of the balanced truncation (BT) method. The proposed method stems from the conic positive real balanced truncation (CPRBT) method, which is a modification of the BT method for PR systems. CPRBT presents an algorithm in which the reduced models are obtained from some Riccati equations in which the phase angle of the transfer function has been taken into consideration. Although CPRBT is a powerful algorithm for obtaining accurate PR reduced-order models, it cannot guarantee that the phase diagram of the reduced model remains inside the same interval as that of the original full-order system. We aim to address such a problem by modifying CPRBT in the way that the phase angle of the reduced transfer function always remains inside the conic and homolographic phase interval of the original system. This is proven through some matrix manipulations, which has added mathematical value to the paper. Finally, in order to assess the efficacy of the proposed method, two numerical examples are simulated.
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COCCO, JÉSSICA, DIEGO RODRIGO DOLIBAINA, MIRNA MARTINS CASAGRANDE, ALEXANDRE SPECHT, and LUÍS AMILTON FOERSTER. "First records of Leucania rawlinsi Adams and L. senescens Möschler (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil: redescription, potential association with Bt maize, larval parasitoids, and spatial and temporal distribution." Zootaxa 4604, no. 3 (May 15, 2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4604.3.3.
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Every year the area of transgenic maize planting in Brazil expands, however, our knowledge of the fauna of herbivorous insects associated with this genetically modified crop is restricted. In this work we report for the first time the occurrence of Leucania rawlinsi Adams, 2001 and L. senescens (Möschler, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil with larvae feeding on Bt and non-Bt maize silk, as well as their braconid and tachinid larval parasitoids. In order to facilitate the specific identification of these species in future studies, redescriptions of adults including high resolution images are provided. In addition, spatiotemporal distribution data of both species are presented based on systematic surveys at 13 localities in Brazil and the examination of material deposited in several scientific collections. The results are presented and discussed to contribute to the evaluation of the complex of species associated with agricultural systems that include grass crops, especially maize, including Bt varieties.
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Pacheco, S. A., Y. M. Vaz, and K. Fuchs. "Evaluation du risque de la présence du vecteur de la fièvre catarrhale ovine basée sur des systèmes d'information géographiques et la modélisation statistique." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 62, no. 2-4 (February 1, 2009): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10079.
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Bluetongue (BT) is among the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) listed diseases due to its potential for rapid spread and serious economic impact on livestock. Because of its epidemiology, in Europe, only Southern countries were affected by the disease in the past. However in the latter half of 2006, an unprecedented outbreak of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 occurred in North-Western European countries. To define potential regions that are at risk for BT epidemics it is essential to study vector distribution and abundance. This study focused on BT vector spread, mostly in Austria. The objective was to produce risk maps with the more likely areas for vector occurrence and thus to support BT prevention and control. The introductory review gives an overview of the epidemiology of the disease with a focus on the vectors, the recent outbreaks in North-Western Europe, and the importance of statistical modelling and geographical information systems (GIS) in predicting, preventing and controlling BT. The statistical analysis was mainly based on data from the Austrian entomological surveillance system, weather stations and topographical information. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to the data to predict the occurrence of BTV vectors and subsequently to create risk maps for the whole country. Despite the fact that the limited nature of the data does not allow precise estimation, in general the models indicated that vectors occurred in preferential areas where they could be very abundant. A more detailed analysis should be carried out with a multidisciplinary team including epidemiologists, biologists, meteorologists, entomologists, and statisticians, so that the complexity of BT epidemiology may be better understood, and a more efficient process of prevention and control of the disease may be set up.
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Marques, Luiz H., Miles Lepping, Boris A. Castro, Antonio C. Santos, Jaedino Rossetto, Marcelo Z. Nunes, Oscar A. B. N. Silva, et al. "Field efficacy of Bt cotton containing events DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 against lepidopteran pests and impact on the non-target arthropod community in Brazil." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): e0251134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251134.
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The efficacy and non-target arthropod effects of transgenic DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 Bt cotton, expressing proteins Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19, was examined through field trials in Brazil. Fifteen field efficacy experiments were conducted from 2014 through the 2020 growing season across six different states in Brazil to evaluate performance against key lepidopteran pests through artificial infestations of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith,1797), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) and Chloridea virescens (F., 1781), and natural infestations of Alabama argillacea (Hübner) and S. frugiperda. The impact of this Bt cotton technology on the non-target arthropod community in Brazilian cotton production systems was also assessed in a multi-site experiment. DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton significantly reduced the feeding damage caused by S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, C. includens, C. virescens and A. argillacea, causing high levels of mortality (greater than 99%) to all target lepidopteran pests evaluated during vegetative and/or reproductive stages of crop development. Non-target arthropod community-level analyses confirmed no unintended effects on the arthropod groups monitored. These results demonstrate the value of transgenic Bt cotton containing event DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 for consideration as part of an integrated approach for managing key lepidopteran pests in Brazilian cotton production systems.
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Randhawa, Gurinder Jit, Monika Singh, Rashmi Chhabra, and Ruchi Sharma. "Qualitative and Quantitative Molecular Testing Methodologies and Traceability Systems for Commercialised Bt Cotton Events and Other Bt Crops Under Field Trials in India." Food Analytical Methods 3, no. 4 (March 13, 2010): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-010-9126-8.
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Shah, Muhammad Asghar, Mubshar Hussain, Muhammad Shahzad, Khawar Jabran, Sami Ul-Allah, and Muhammad Farooq. "Transplanting improves the allometry and fiber quality of Bt cotton in cotton–wheat cropping system." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479719000073.
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AbstractIn cotton–wheat cropping system of Pakistan, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is harvested in late April; however, the optimum sowing time of Bt cotton is mid-March. This indicates a time difference of 4–6 weeks between the harvest of wheat and cotton sowing. It is hypothesized that this overlapping period may be managed by transplanting cotton seedlings (30–45 days old) in late April, after the harvest of wheat due to better performance of already established seedlings. To this end, this study was conducted to evaluate the allometric traits and fiber quality of transplanted Bt cotton after harvesting wheat in the cotton–wheat cropping system. The Bt cotton–wheat cropping systems were flat sown wheat (FSW)–conventionally tilled cotton, FSW–zero tilled cotton, ridge sown wheat–ridge transplanted cotton using 30- and 45-days-old seedlings, and bed sown wheat (BSW)–bed transplanted cotton (BTC) also using 30- and 45-days-old seedlings. The study was conducted at Vehari and Multan in Punjab, Pakistan. Bt cotton in BSW–BTC with 45-days-old seedlings showed better performance for allometric (leaf area index; (LAI), net assimilation rate; (NAR), and crop growth rate; (CGR)), seed cotton yield, and fiber traits (fiber uniformity, fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber fineness) in comparison to other treatments. Most of the fiber quality traits were positively correlated with allometric traits and biological yield (dry matter yield at maturity) at both locations, except correlations of CGR and LAI with fiber fineness and fiber length and NAR with fiber length. As plant growth and fiber quality of transplanted cotton was significantly higher than conventionally grown cotton, our data indicate transplanting is an interesting management practice for improving productivity in wheat–cotton cropping systems.
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Otal, Antonio, Francisco Celada, Jose Chimeno, Javier Vijande, Santiago Pellejero, Maria-Jose Perez-Calatayud, Elena Villafranca, et al. "Review on Treatment Planning Systems for Cervix Brachytherapy (Interventional Radiotherapy): Some Desirable and Convenient Practical Aspects to Be Implemented from Radiation Oncologist and Medical Physics Perspectives." Cancers 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 3467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143467.
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Intracavitary brachytherapy (BT, Interventional Radiotherapy, IRT), plays an essential role in the curative intent of locally advanced cervical cancer, for which the conventional approach involves external beam radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy followed by BT. This work aims to review the different methodologies used by commercially available treatment planning systems (TPSs) in exclusive magnetic resonance imaging-based (MRI) cervix BT with interstitial component treatments. Practical aspects and improvements to be implemented into the TPSs are discussed. This review is based on the clinical expertise of a group of radiation oncologists and medical physicists and on interactive demos provided by the software manufacturers. The TPS versions considered include all the new tools currently in development for future commercial releases. The specialists from the supplier companies were asked to propose solutions to some of the challenges often encountered in a clinical environment through a questionnaire. The results include not only such answers but also comments by the authors that, in their opinion, could help solve the challenges covered in these questions. This study summarizes the possibilities offered nowadays by commercial TPSs, highlighting the absence of some useful tools that would notably improve the planning of MR-based interstitial component cervix brachytherapy.