Journal articles on the topic 'BSS techniques'
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1
NAIK, GANESH R., and DINESH K. KUMAR. "SUBTLE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR FINGER MOVEMENTS: A PILOT STUDY USING BSS TECHNIQUES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 04 (September 2012): 1250078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412005009.
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In the recent past, blind source separation (BSS) algorithms using multivariate statistical data analysis technique have been successfully used for source identification and separation in the field of biomedical and statistical signal processing. Recently numbers of different BSS techniques have been developed. With BSS methods being the feasible method for source separation and decomposition of biosignals, it is important to compare the different techniques and determine the most suitable method for the applications. This paper presents the performance of five BSS algorithms (SOBI, TDSEP, FastICA, JADE and Infomax) for decomposition of sEMG to identify subtle finger movements. It is observed that BSS algorithms based on second-order statistics (SOBI and TDSEP) gives better performance compared to algorithms based on higher-order statistics (FastICA, JADE and infomax).
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MÜLLER, KLAUS-ROBERT, RICARDO VIGÁRIO, FRANK MEINECKE, and ANDREAS ZIEHE. "BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR DECOMPOSING EVENT-RELATED BRAIN SIGNALS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 02 (February 2004): 773–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404009466.
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Recently blind source separation (BSS) methods have been highly successful when applied to biomedical data. This paper reviews the concept of BSS and demonstrates its usefulness in the context of event-related MEG measurements. In a first experiment we apply BSS to artifact identification of raw MEG data and discuss how the quality of the resulting independent component projections can be evaluated. The second part of our study considers averaged data of event-related magnetic fields. Here, it is particularly important to monitor and thus avoid possible overfitting due to limited sample size. A stability assessment of the BSS decomposition allows to solve this task and an additional grouping of the BSS components reveals interesting structure, that could ultimately be used for gaining a better physiological modeling of the data.
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Zhang, Chao Zhu, Ahmed Kareem Abdullah, and Ali Abdullabs Abdullah. "Electroencephalogram-Artifact Extraction Enhancement Based on Artificial Intelligence Technique." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 27 (May 2016): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.27.77.
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Blind source separation (BSS) is an important technique used to recover isolated independent sources signals from mixtures. This paper proposes two blind artificial intelligent separation algorithms based on hybridization between artificial intelligent techniques with classical blind source separation algorithms to enhance the separation process. Speedy genetic algorithm SGA directly guesses the optimal coefficients of the separating matrix based on candidate initial from classical BSS algorithms also the separation criteria based on minimization of mutual information between the separating independent components. The proposed algorithms are tested by real Electroencephalogram (EEG) data, the experimental results indicate that the algorithms can quickly and effectively get optimum solution to linear blind source separation compared to classical BSS techniques, the proposed works are described by high accuracy and robustness.
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Vullings, Rik, and Massimo Mischi. "Probabilistic Source Separation for Robust Fetal Electrocardiography." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/109756.
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Blind source separation (BSS) techniques are widely used to extract signals of interest from a mixture with other signals, such as extracting fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from noninvasive recordings on the maternal abdomen. These BSS techniques, however, typically lack possibilities to incorporate any prior knowledge on the mixing of the source signals. Particularly for fetal ECG signals, knowledge on the mixing is available based on the origin and propagation properties of these signals. In this paper, a novel source separation method is developed that combines the strengths and accuracy of BSS techniques with the robustness of an underlying physiological model of the fetal ECG. The method is developed within a probabilistic framework and yields an iterative convergence of the separation matrix towards a maximum a posteriori estimation, where in each iteration the latest estimate of the separation matrix is corrected towards a tradeoff between the BSS technique and the physiological model. The method is evaluated by comparing its performance with that of FastICA on both simulated and real multichannel fetal ECG recordings, demonstrating that the developed method outperforms FastICA in extracting the fetal ECG source signals.
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Abidin, Zainal, and Endah Wahyuningsih. "TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DAN TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19." JP2KG AUD (Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengasuhan, Kesehatan dan Gizi Anak Usia Dini) 3, no. 1 (July 16, 2022): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jp2kgaud.2022.3.1.3.1.51-66.
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This study aims to describe communication techniques and learning techniques for Children with Special Needs during the Covid19 pandemic at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta. The research used descriptive qualitative research. The qualitative approach was chosen because this study used social interaction to obtain data from natural data sources. The data source of this research is Children with Special Needs (ABK) or Special Needs at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta in kindergarten and elementary school levels. From this research, it was found that in KTK BSS Giwangan there are three types of children with special needs, namely speech impaired, autism and learning difficulties. Communication techniques used are: 1) Using private learning methods (one teacher one child); 2) Make eye contact with the child you are talking to; 3) Cultivating a sense of empathy in conversation; 4) Discuss specific and clear topics and 5) Be patient in waiting for answers from children. Different learning techniques from other children. The learning technique used is the learning technique used for the speech impaired using the Indonesian Sign Language System (SIBI) and the Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO). For children with Autism constraints using 1) Modeling; 2) Latent Learning 3) Give positive praise and 4) Divide all activities step by step. Learning Difficulties using 1) Multisensory Method; 2) Linguistic Method and 3) Glass Analysis
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Abidin, Zainal, and Endah Wahyuningsih. "TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DAN TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19." JP2KG AUD (Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengasuhan, Kesehatan dan Gizi Anak Usia Dini) 3, no. 1 (July 16, 2022): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jp2kgaud.v3n1.51-66.
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This study aims to describe communication techniques and learning techniques for Children with Special Needs during the Covid19 pandemic at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta. The research used descriptive qualitative research. The qualitative approach was chosen because this study used social interaction to obtain data from natural data sources. The data source of this research is Children with Special Needs (ABK) or Special Needs at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta in kindergarten and elementary school levels. From this research, it was found that in KTK BSS Giwangan there are three types of children with special needs, namely speech impaired, autism and learning difficulties. Communication techniques used are: 1) Using private learning methods (one teacher one child); 2) Make eye contact with the child you are talking to; 3) Cultivating a sense of empathy in conversation; 4) Discuss specific and clear topics and 5) Be patient in waiting for answers from children. Different learning techniques from other children. The learning technique used is the learning technique used for the speech impaired using the Indonesian Sign Language System (SIBI) and the Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO). For children with Autism constraints using 1) Modeling; 2) Latent Learning 3) Give positive praise and 4) Divide all activities step by step. Learning Difficulties using 1) Multisensory Method; 2) Linguistic Method and 3) Glass Analysis
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Abidin, Zainal, and Endah Wahyuningsih. "TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DAN TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19." JP2KG AUD (Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengasuhan, Kesehatan dan Gizi Anak Usia Dini) 3, no. 1 (July 16, 2022): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jp2kgaud.2021.3.1.51-66.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to describe communication techniques and learning techniques for Children with Special Needs during the Covid19 pandemic at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta. The research used descriptive qualitative research. The qualitative approach was chosen because this study used social interaction to obtain data from natural data sources. The data source of this research is Children with Special Needs (ABK) or Special Needs at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta in kindergarten and elementary school levels. From this research, it was found that in KTK BSS Giwangan there are three types of children with special needs, namely speech impaired, autism and learning difficulties. Communication techniques used are: 1) Using private learning methods (one teacher one child); 2) Make eye contact with the child you are talking to; 3) Cultivating a sense of empathy in conversation; 4) Discuss specific and clear topics and 5) Be patient in waiting for answers from children. Different learning techniques from other children. The learning technique used is the learning technique used for the speech impaired using the Indonesian Sign Language System (SIBI) and the Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO). For children with Autism constraints using 1) Modeling; 2) Latent Learning 3) Give positive praise and 4) Divide all activities step by step. Learning Difficulties using 1) Multisensory Method; 2) Linguistic Method and 3) Glass Analysis
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Abidin, Zainal, and Endah Wahyuningsih. "TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DAN TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19." JP2KG AUD (Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengasuhan, Kesehatan dan Gizi Anak Usia Dini) 3, no. 1 (July 16, 2022): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jp2kgaud.2022.3.1.51-66.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to describe communication techniques and learning techniques for Children with Special Needs during the Covid19 pandemic at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta. The research used descriptive qualitative research. The qualitative approach was chosen because this study used social interaction to obtain data from natural data sources. The data source of this research is Children with Special Needs (ABK) or Special Needs at KTK BSS Giwangan Yogyakarta in kindergarten and elementary school levels. From this research, it was found that in KTK BSS Giwangan there are three types of children with special needs, namely speech impaired, autism and learning difficulties. Communication techniques used are: 1) Using private learning methods (one teacher one child); 2) Make eye contact with the child you are talking to; 3) Cultivating a sense of empathy in conversation; 4) Discuss specific and clear topics and 5) Be patient in waiting for answers from children. Different learning techniques from other children. The learning technique used is the learning technique used for the speech impaired using the Indonesian Sign Language System (SIBI) and the Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO). For children with Autism constraints using 1) Modeling; 2) Latent Learning 3) Give positive praise and 4) Divide all activities step by step. Learning Difficulties using 1) Multisensory Method; 2) Linguistic Method and 3) Glass Analysis
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Xu, Peng Xia, and Yan Feng Geng. "Wet Gas Flow Metering Based on Differential Pressure and BSS Techniques." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4922.
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Wet gas flow is a typical two-phase flow with low liquid fractions. As differential pressure signal contains rich information of flow parameters in two-phase flow metering, a new method is proposed for wet gas flow metering based on differential pressure (DP) and blind source separation (BSS) techniques. DP signals are from a couple of slotted orifices and the BSS method is based on time-frequency analysis. A good relationship between the liquid flow rate and the characteristic quantity of the separated signal is established, and a differential pressure correlation for slotted orifice is applied to calculate the gas flow rate. The calculation results are good with 90% relative errors less than ±10%. The results also show that BSS is an effective method to extract liquid flow rate from DP signals of wet gas flow, and to analysis different interactions among the total DP readings.
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Lee, Woongsup, and Bang Chul Jung. "Improving Energy Efficiency of Cooperative Femtocell Networks via Base Station Switching Off." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3073184.
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Recently, energy efficiency (EE) of cellular networks has become an important performance metric, and several techniques have been proposed to increase the EE. Among them, turning off base stations (BSs) when not needed is considered as one of the most powerful techniques due to its simple operation and effectiveness. Herein, we propose a novel BS switching-off technique for cooperative femtocell networks where multiple femtocell BSs (FBSs) simultaneously send packets to the same mobile station (MS). Unlike conventional schemes, cooperative operation of FBSs, also known as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission, is considered to determine which BSs are turned off in the proposed technique. We first formulate the optimization problem to find the optimal set of FBSs to be turned off. Then, we propose a suboptimal scheme operating in a distributed manner in order to reduce the computational complexity of the optimal scheme. The suboptimal scheme is based on throughput ratio (TR) which specifies the importance of a particular FBS for the cooperative transmission. Through simulations, we show that the energy consumption can be greatly reduced with the proposed technique, compared with conventional schemes. Moreover, we show that the suboptimal scheme also achieves the near-optimal performance even without the excessive computations.
11
Nemec, James M. "Anomalous Cepheids and Population II Blue Stragglers." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 111 (1989): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100011544.
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AbstractRecent studies of anomalous Cepheids (ACs) and Pop II blue stragglers (BSs), including photometrically variable BSs (VBSs), are reviewed. The VBSs represent about 25% of the BSs, the majority of which are SX Phe short-period variables in the Cepheid instability strip. Mass estimates derived using various techniques suggest that both ACs and BSs are relatively massive (about 1.0–1.6 Me). The recent discovery that two BSs in the globular cluster NGC 5466 are contact binaries, and the earlier discovery that one of the BSs in ω Cen is an eclipsing binary, provide direct evidence that at least some BSs are binary systems. If all BSs are binaries, and the time scale for coalescence is a few Gyr, then the majority are likely to be coalesced. Because ACs and BSs are found in the same stellar systems, and are probably related through their evolution, it is highly likely that most ACs are also coalesced binary systems. The fact that ACs and BSs are found only in low density environments, suggests that they were primordial binaries.
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Liu, Keng-Hao, Yu-Kai Chen, and Tsun-Yang Chen. "A Band Subset Selection Approach Based on Sparse Self-Representation and Band Grouping for Hyperspectral Image Classification." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 5686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225686.
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Band subset selection (BSS) is one of the ways to implement band selection (BS) for a hyperspectral image (HSI). Different from conventional BS methods, which select bands one by one, BSS selects a band subset each time and preserves the best one from the collection of the band subsets. This paper proposes a BSS method, called band grouping-based sparse self-representation BSS (BG-SSRBSS), for hyperspectral image classification. It formulates BS as a sparse self-representation (SSR) problem in which the entire bands can be represented by a set of informatively complementary bands. The BG-SSRBSS consists of two steps. To tackle the issue of selecting redundant bands, it first applies band grouping (BG) techniques to pre-group the entire bands to form multiple band groups, and then performs band group subset selection (BGSS) to find the optimal band group subset. The corresponding representative bands are taken as the BS result. To efficiently find the nearly global optimal subset among all possible band group subsets, sequential and successive iterative search algorithms are adopted. Land cover classification experiments conducted on three real HSI datasets show that BG-SSRBSS can improve classification accuracy by 4–20% compared to the existing BSS methods and requires less computation time.
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Cescon, Franco, and Luca Grassetti. "Financial control and business strategy in start-up companies: An empirical analysis." MANAGEMENT CONTROL, no. 2 (September 2021): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/maco2021-002-s1009.
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This article focuses on the relationship between financial control (FC) techniques and business strategies (BSs). The context of the study is start-up companies in Italy, and the main motivation to consider this context is the very limited extant literature. The authors performed a survey to collect quantitative data from start-up companies, and they also complemented the survey with a series of interviews to collect qualitative data. Results show that the use of different FC techniques does not depend on BSs. As a strategic risk factor, the authors also show that reputation risk differs significantly between the two strategy-based groups, differentiation strategy group and focus strategy group. The interviews conducted with expert entrepreneurs aimed at determining the importance of specific FC techniques and the benefits of adopting them in start-up companies. Overall, the article provides new evidence for the debate about the role of FC techniques in the BSs of the firm.
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Cescon, Franco, and Luca Grassetti. "Financial control and business strategy in start-up companies: An empirical analysis." MANAGEMENT CONTROL, no. 2 (September 2021): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/maco2021-002-s1009.
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This article focuses on the relationship between financial control (FC) techniques and business strategies (BSs). The context of the study is start-up companies in Italy, and the main motivation to consider this context is the very limited extant literature. The authors performed a survey to collect quantitative data from start-up companies, and they also complemented the survey with a series of interviews to collect qualitative data. Results show that the use of different FC techniques does not depend on BSs. As a strategic risk factor, the authors also show that reputation risk differs significantly between the two strategy-based groups, differentiation strategy group and focus strategy group. The interviews conducted with expert entrepreneurs aimed at determining the importance of specific FC techniques and the benefits of adopting them in start-up companies. Overall, the article provides new evidence for the debate about the role of FC techniques in the BSs of the firm.
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Tra, Viet, Bach-Phi Duong, Jae-Young Kim, Muhammad Sohaib, and Jong-Myon Kim. "Improving the Performance of Storage Tank Fault Diagnosis by Removing Unwanted Components and Utilizing Wavelet-Based Features." Entropy 21, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21020145.
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This paper proposes a reliable fault diagnosis model for a spherical storage tank. The proposed method first used a blind source separation (BSS) technique to de-noise the input signals so that the signals acquired from a spherical tank under two types of conditions (i.e., normal and crack conditions) were easily distinguishable. BSS split the signals into different sources that provided information about the noise and useful components of the signals. Therefore, an unimpaired signal could be restored from the useful components. From the de-noised signals, wavelet-based fault features, i.e., the relative energy (REWPN) and entropy (EWPN) of a wavelet packet node, were extracted. Finally, these features were used to train one-against-all multiclass support vector machines (OAA MCSVMs), which classified the instances of normal and faulty states of the tank. The efficiency of the proposed fault diagnosis model was examined by visualizing the de-noised signals obtained from the BSS method and its classification performance. The proposed fault diagnostic model was also compared to existing techniques. Experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed conventional techniques, yielding average classification accuracies of 97.25% and 98.48% for the two datasets used in this study.
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Zhou, Hui, Yunlong Shen, Ming Chen, Jun Cheng, and Yuting Zeng. "A ROF Access Network for Simultaneous Generation and Transmission Multiband Signals Based on Frequency Octupling and FWM Techniques." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9409583.
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We report a radio-over-fiber (ROF) access network with multiple high-repetive frequency mm-wave signals generation utilizing a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) and an semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for multiple base stations (BSs). In the scheme, at the central station (CS), signal and pump with frequency interval of 8fRF are generated by properly adjusting the parameters of the DP-MZM. After FWM in a SOA, new converted optical signals are obtained. Two tones of the optical signals are selected by using tunable optical filter (TOF), which are then sent into a photodiode (PD) to generate multiple mm-wave signals with different frequencies (8fRF, 16fRF, and 24fRF) for different BSs. Based on the proposed scheme, the mm-wave signals with frequencies of 20, 40, and 60 GHz carrying 2.5 Gb/s signal by a 2.5GHz RF signal have been generated by numerical simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed ROF system architecture with multiple-frequency millimeter-wave signals generation serving multiple BSs can work well. This scheme can raise the capacity of ROF system, reduce the requirement of the repetitive frequency of the driven RF signal, and support multiple mm-wave wireless access for BSs.
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Papadopoulos, N. N., and K. M. Ochsenkühn. "Advanced Nuclear Physical Analytical Techniques." HNPS Proceedings 7 (December 5, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2401.
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Among the modern analytical methods, the nuclear analytical techniques, and especially neutron activation analysis, pay an important role in accurate and sensitive analysis. The capabilities of this technique and its application range have broadened lately with the development and employment of a combination of special more or less novel sub-techniques. These techniques are (a) bss-free counting gamma-ray spectrometry, (b) radioactive decay compensation and (c) repeated activation and measurement. The first technique permits short-time measurements at high count rates in multielement activation analysis with a wide nuclide concentration and half-life range, while by the other two techniques the counting statistics can be improved considerably especially in short-lived nuclide analysis. Thus, because of the high throughput rate, more customers can be served even far from the reactor site by mailing the samples and getting the analytical results back.
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Pang, Yu Cai, and Chao Zhu Zhang. "A New Method for Angle Estimation in MIMO Radar with Blind Source Separation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2500–2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2500.
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A joint direction of departures (DODs) and direction of arrivals (DOAs) estimation for bistatic MIMO radar with an algebraic method for blind source separation (BSS) is presented. The proposed method has the relative advantage of simplicity. The DODs and DOAs of targets can be solved in closed-form and paired automatically. Moreover, BSS techniques enable this approach to recover the source signals from the mixed signals. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.
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Ahmad, Afaq, Zahid Ullah, Muhammad Khalid, and Naveed Ahmad. "Toward Efficient Mobile Electric Vehicle Charging under Heterogeneous Battery Switching Technology." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020904.
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The fast increase in adoption and development of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has invited a significant challenge to the existing charging management techniques and infrastructure. It is necessary to efficiently manage a large number of mobile EVs. As compared to fuel and gasoline type vehicles, the EV has a limited driving range and needs to recharge its battery frequently during long journeys. Hence, with plug-in charging services one major concern is the long duration of battery recharging. In this paper, we employ heterogeneous BS (Battery Switching) technology to provide an alternative charging option to minimize the charging duration of EV. Furthermore, enabling BS reservation in a centralized manner for mobile EVs, load balancing algorithm and optimal selection of Battery Switching Station (BSS) across the network are proposed. In addition, we suggest a scheduling technique for depleted batteries to recharge effectively in BSS to minimize power loss and queuing time at selected BSS. We have conducted a performance evaluation by comparing the proposed scheme with other benchmarks, in terms of average trip duration, total trip energy consumption, etc. Finally, it is proven that the battery stock is managed across the network efficiently through the proposed scheme.
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Bahadori, Mohammad Sadegh, Alexandre B. Gonçalves, and Filipe Moura. "A Systematic Review of Station Location Techniques for Bicycle-Sharing Systems Planning and Operation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080554.
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Designing or expanding a bicycle-sharing system (BSS) involves addressing the infrastructure’s location of the bicycle stations. Station location is an essential factor for designing and implementing a new system or for its operation. In a complex spatial optimization context, geographic information systems (GIS) can support this decision problem. There are also numerous ways of subdividing the broad spectrum of location-allocation models used in previous studies. However, a station location comprehensive review and systematization with the specific aim of characterizing the state of the art of BSS is missing. The present research aimed to provide a comprehensive systematization for station location problems, criteria, and techniques, seeking to identify the current state of practice. We searched scientific publication databases to collect relevant publications—the final list comprised 24 papers for the literature review. The systematization addresses the two major problems concerning bicycle station location: initial network design and operation improvement (where changes in operating a BSS are implemented). Based on the literature, we propose a set of four main criteria for choosing appropriate places for bike stations (or parking) in a city: “bike network”, “operator”, “user”, and “city infrastructure”. The sub-criteria mentioned in the literature are categorized based on the proposed classification and new sub-criteria are suggested. We also group location modeling techniques into three categories: “mathematical algorithms”, “multi-criteria decision making”, and “GIS”. Combining GIS and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) has received more attention in recent years to locate bike stations, evaluate their operating performance, and have more accurate and practical results.
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Harmeling, Stefan, Andreas Ziehe, Motoaki Kawanabe, and Klaus-Robert Müller. "Kernel-Based Nonlinear Blind Source Separation." Neural Computation 15, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1089–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976603765202677.
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We propose kTDSEP, a kernel-based algorithm for nonlinear blind source separation (BSS). It combines complementary research fields: kernel feature spaces and BSS using temporal information. This yields an efficient algorithm for nonlinear BSS with invertible nonlinearity. Key assumptions are that the kernel feature space is chosen rich enough to approximate the nonlinearity and that signals of interest contain temporal information. Both assumptions are fulfilled for a wide set of real-world applications. The algorithm works as follows: First, the data are (implicitly) mapped to a high (possibly infinite)—dimensional kernel feature space. In practice, however, the data form a smaller submanifold in feature space—even smaller than the number of training data points—a fact that has already been used by, for example, reduced set techniques for support vector machines. We propose to adapt to this effective dimension as a preprocessing step and to construct an orthonormal basis of this submanifold. The latter dimension-reduction step is essential for making the subsequent application of BSS methods computationally and numerically tractable. In the reduced space, we use a BSS algorithm that is based on second-order temporal decorrelation. Finally, we propose a selection procedure to obtain the original sources from the extracted nonlinear components automatically. Experiments demonstrate the excellent performance and efficiency of our kTDSEP algorithm for several problems of nonlinear BSS and for more than two sources.
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Teodoro, Sara, Adão Silva, Rui Dinis, and Atílio Gameiro. "Low-Bit Rate Feedback Strategies for Iterative IA-Precoded MIMO-OFDM-Based Systems." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/619454.
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Interference alignment (IA) is a promising technique that allows high-capacity gains in interference channels, but which requires the knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) for all the system links. We design low-complexity and low-bit rate feedback strategies where a quantized version of some CSI parameters is fed back from the user terminal (UT) to the base station (BS), which shares it with the other BSs through a limited-capacity backhaul network. This information is then used by BSs to perform the overall IA design. With the proposed strategies, we only need to send part of the CSI information, and this can even be sent only once for a set of data blocks transmitted over time-varying channels. These strategies are applied to iterative MMSE-based IA techniques for the downlink of broadband wireless OFDM systems with limited feedback. A new robust iterative IA technique, where channel quantization errors are taken into account in IA design, is also proposed and evaluated. With our proposed strategies, we need a small number of quantization bits to transmit and share the CSI, when comparing with the techniques used in previous works, while allowing performance close to the one obtained with perfect channel knowledge.
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Lim, Kheng Tian, and Bao Yun Koh. "Start small and aim big in conducting a basic surgical skills workshop for medical students." Asia Pacific Scholar 7, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2022-7-2/sc2662.
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Introduction: Medical students (MS) may lack the knowledge and experience in performing basic surgical skills (BSS) when they first commence their postgraduate surgical training. We conducted a pilot BSS workshop with specific learning outcomes for MS. Methods: Our BSS workshop program consisted of reading the pre-workshop online modules, watching the instructional videos of skills demonstration, and completing the pre-workshop multiple-choice questions (MCQ). MS attended the onsite workshop a week later, which consisted of a basic surgical theory lecture, live demonstration of the skills by the teaching faculty and, supervised skills training coupled with feedback. Surgical skills taught were knot tying, suturing techniques, laparoscopic peg transfer, precision cutting, application of endoloop ties. A standardised surgical skills rubric was used to assess the competency and safety of BSS. A post-workshop MCQ was administered to assess the knowledge learned. The criteria for successful completion of BSS were a satisfactory grade in the surgical skills assessment and a pass score in the MCQ. Results: All the participating MS achieved a satisfactory grade in the surgical skills assessment and passed the MCQ. Several pedagogical methods were used to enhance knowledge learning and practical skills competency including a flipped classroom in blended learning, technology-enhanced learning, kinesthetic learning, and providing effective feedback. Conclusion: MS taught in BSS workshop can achieve competency in knowledge, skills, safe attitude and prepare them for future postgraduate surgical training. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, our challenge is to develop similar BSS in a safe environment using technology-enhanced tools such as online instructional videos and online feedback.
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JUTTEN, CHRISTIAN, and JUHA KARHUNEN. "ADVANCES IN BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION (BSS) AND INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS (ICA) FOR NONLINEAR MIXTURES." International Journal of Neural Systems 14, no. 05 (October 2004): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012906570400208x.
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In this paper, we review recent advances in blind source separation (BSS) and independent component analysis (ICA) for nonlinear mixing models. After a general introduction to BSS and ICA, we discuss in more detail uniqueness and separability issues, presenting some new results. A fundamental difficulty in the nonlinear BSS problem and even more so in the nonlinear ICA problem is that they provide non-unique solutions without extra constraints, which are often implemented by using a suitable regularization. In this paper, we explore two possible approaches. The first one is based on structural constraints. Especially, post-nonlinear mixtures are an important special case, where a nonlinearity is applied to linear mixtures. For such mixtures, the ambiguities are essentially the same as for the linear ICA or BSS problems. The second approach uses Bayesian inference methods for estimating the best statistical parameters, under almost unconstrained models in which priors can be easily added. In the later part of this paper, various separation techniques proposed for post-nonlinear mixtures and general nonlinear mixtures are reviewed.
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Bendoumia, Rédha. "Efficient Sparse Blind Source Separation Algorithm for two- Channel Acoustic Noise Reduction." Algerian Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development 01, no. 01 (June 15, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46657/ajresd.2019.1.1.4.
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Recently, the acoustic noise reduction problem is treated by twochannel forward blind source separation (BSS) techniques combined with normalized least mean square algorithm (T-FNLMS). The TFNLMS algorithm shows good performances in two-channel convolutive dispersive mixture. In this paper, we propose new BSS structure based on the two-channel sparse normalized least mean square algorithm (TS-NLMS). The TS-NLMS algorithm is proposed exactly when the convolutive mixing system is characterized by sparse impulse responses. To confirm the good performance of this proposed algorithm, intensive experiments are done in acoustic noise reduction.
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Bahadori, Mohammad Sadegh, Alexandre B. Gonçalves, and Filipe Moura. "A GIS-MCDM Method for Ranking Potential Station Locations in the Expansion of Bike-Sharing Systems." Axioms 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11060263.
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Bicycle-sharing systems (BSSs) are an effective solution to reduce private car usage in most cities and are an influential factor in encouraging citizens to shift to more sustainable transport modes. In this sense, the location of BSS stations has a critical impact on the system’s efficiency. This study proposed an integrated geographic information system–multi-criteria decision-making (GIS-MCDM) framework that includes the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS), and spatial data processing in GIS to determine a ranking of potential locations for BSS stations. The results of the proposed GIS-MCDM method can be used for both planning a new BSS or expanding one that is currently under operation. The framework was applied to a case study for expanding GIRA, the BSS of Lisbon, Portugal. In it, location criteria were selected in four categories, including criteria from the literature and extracted from available transaction data; in addition, we also suggested some criteria. The rebalancing operator’s staff were the decision makers in this study via their responses to the AHP questionnaire. The rebalancing staff believed that the main criterion of “city infrastructure” with the two sub-criteria of “population density” and “slope” were the most important. Furthermore, the proximity to the “bike network” with the sub-criterion of “proximity to the current bike stations” had less importance. Each criterion’s weight and inconsistency rate were obtained using the Expert Choice software. The geographic values of each criterion were created utilizing the ArcGIS software, and its network analyst module was employed for applying location techniques. Based on the created suitability map, the city’s center was the main suitable area for establishing new stations. Forty-five new bike stations were identified in those areas and ranked using the TOPSIS technique.
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Issa, Fadi, Tim Goodacre, Major Ahmed Uraiqat, and Frank CT Smith. "Setting up a BSS course in Jordan." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363509x423571.
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One of the great privileges of being part of the surgical community is the opportunity to interact with surgeons abroad, whose surgical environment differs greatly from our own. In these situations, it is fascinating to witness the universal applicability of basic surgical techniques that we often take for granted. As organisations with strong links throughout the world, the royal colleges of surgeons have long had a commitment to furthering surgical education outside the UK.
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Yang, Wenlu, Alexander Pilozzi, and Xudong Huang. "An Overview of ICA/BSS-Based Application to Alzheimer’s Brain Signal Processing." Biomedicines 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040386.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is by far the most common cause of dementia associated with aging. Early and accurate diagnosis of AD and ability to track progression of the disease is increasingly important as potential disease-modifying therapies move through clinical trials. With the advent of biomedical techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), large amounts of data from Alzheimer’s patients have been acquired and processed from which AD-related information or “signals” can be assessed for AD diagnosis. It remains unknown how best to mine complex information from these brain signals to aid in early diagnosis of AD. An increasingly popular technique for processing brain signals is independent component analysis or blind source separation (ICA/BSS) that separates blindly observed signals into original signals that are as independent as possible. This overview focuses on ICA/BSS-based applications to AD brain signal processing.
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Kumar, Sachin, Kumari Sarita, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, R. K. Saket, and Narottam Das. "Reliability Assessment of Wind-Solar PV Integrated Distribution System Using Electrical Loss Minimization Technique." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 5631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215631.
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This article presents the Reliability Assessment (RA) of renewable energy interfaced Electrical Distribution System (EDS) considering the electrical loss minimization (ELM). ELM aims at minimizing the detrimental effect of real power and reactive power losses in the EDS. Some techniques, including integration of Renewable Energy Source (RES), network reconfiguration, and expansion planning, have been suggested in the literature for achieving ELM. The optimal RES integration (also referred to as Distributed Generation (DG)) is one of the globally accepted techniques to achieve minimization of electrical losses. Therefore, first, the locations to accommodate these DGs are obtained by implementing two indexes, namely Index-1 for single DG and Index-2 for multiple DGs. Second, a Constriction Factor-based Particle Swarm Optimization (CF-PSO) technique is applied to obtain an optimal sizing(s) of the DGs for achieving the ELM. Third, the RA of the EDS is performed using the optimal location(s) and sizing(s) of the RESs (i.e., Solar photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Turbine Generator (WTG)). Moreover, a Battery Storage System (BSS) is also incorporated optimally with the RESs to further achieve the ELM and to improve the system’s reliability. The result analysis is performed by considering the power output rating of WTG-GE’s V162-5.6MW (IECS), SPV-Sunpower’s SPR-P5-545-UPP, and BSS-Freqcon’s BESS-3000 (i.e., Battery Energy Storage System 3000), which are provided by the corresponding manufacturers. According to the outcomes of the study, the results are found to be coherent with those obtained using other techniques that are available in the literature. These results are considered for the RA of the EDS. RA is further analyzed considering the uncertainties in reliability data of WTG and SPV, including the failure rate and the repair time. The RA of optimally placed DGs is performed by considering the electrical loss minimization. It is inferred that the reliability of the EDS improves by contemplating suitable reliability data of optimally integrated DGs.
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Sackey, Eric Nii, and Eric Sackey. "Performance Analysis of Power Consumption in LTE-A eNB and its Effect on the Overall System Efficiency." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp878-890.
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<span>Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication over the Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) networks has witness exponential growth and expansion in the last couple of years. This expansion has created an increase in the demand for high speed internet, multimedia messaging services, digital broadcasting etc, thus fuelling higher data traffic. The network operators in trying to meet this increasing demand injected more access points by deploying more Base Stations (BSs) to make the network denser. The BSs are the major consumers of energy in the wireless communication network due to the use of inefficient power amplifiers and therefore deploying more BSs into the network will increase the power consumption and the networks operational cost. The aim of this paper was to examine the power consumption patterns of the main elements in the BS, employ various techniques to reduce their power consumption, reduce the operational cost and improve the efficiency of the BS.</span>
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Meyer, Glenn A., Dennis J. Maiman, Henry F. Edelhauser, O. J. Lorenzetti, and John Garancis. "BSS Plus: a potential irrigating solution for neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 6 (June 1986): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.6.0911.
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✓ BSS Plus is a pH-stable balanced salt solution similar to glutathione bicarbonate Ringer's solution. Extensively used in ophthalmology, it is of potential value in neurosurgery. In comparative tests of its effectiveness, 28 cats underwent bilateral irrigation of the surface of the cerebral cortex with normal saline on one side and BSS Plus on the other. After 2 hours, a marked decrease was seen in the surface pH of the hemisphere irrigated with normal saline but not of the hemisphere treated with BSS Plus. Blood-brain barrier changes (measured with Evans blue dye techniques) were more evident following saline irrigation. Somatosensory evoked potentials and cerebral blood flow were not significantly altered. Conventional light microscopy using three standard stains did not reveal a significant difference. Transmission electron microscopy studies were performed in 14 animals and scanning electron microscopy in six. In five animals both transmission and scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted after irrigation with both agents without a cottonoid cover and with immediate harvest of superficial layers from the living brain and immersion-fixation in glutaraldehyde. Tissue preservation was superior on the BSS Plus side in all studies. This agent may represent an improved irrigation solution for neurosurgery, but further studies are required.
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ABBES, MOHAMED SLIM, MARIEM MILADI CHAABANE, ALI AKROUT, TAHAR FAKHFAKH, and MOHAMED HADDAR. "VIBRATORY BEHAVIOR OF A DOUBLE PANEL SYSTEM BY THE OPERATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 02, no. 04 (December 2011): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962311000578.
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The present study tackles the vibratory behavior of a double panel system by operational modal analysis (OMA) using one of the major techniques of blind source separation (BSS), which is the independent component analysis (ICA). For this purpose, the OMA method and the ICA concept are presented and exploited in order to identify the eigenmodes of a double panel system. Then, results obtained by the OMA technique are presented and compared with those achieved by the modal recombination method. Since a good argument is observed, this approach can be used in conjunction with experimental works.
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Syrokou, Maria K., Marina Papadelli, Ioanna Ntaikou, Spiros Paramithiotis, and Eleftherios H. Drosinos. "Sugary Kefir: Microbial Identification and Biotechnological Properties." Beverages 5, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages5040061.
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Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the microecosystem composition of three different fruit kefir grains used for the fermentation of apple juice (NAJ), cherry juice (SCN), and a solution of sugary water, enriched with plums (BSS). Methods: Yeast and bacterial populations were enumerated using classical microbiological techniques, clustered by RAPD-PCR genotyping, and identified by sequencing of the D1/D2 region of 26S-rRNA gene and the V1-V3 region of 16S-rRNA gene, respectively. The caseinolytic/lipolytic activities and the production of antimicrobial compounds were assessed by well diffusion assays. The proteolytic and lipolytic capacity were further assessed by SDS-PAGE and titrimetric assay, respectively. Results: Yeast and bacterial populations were enumerated at 6.28, 6.58, and 6.41 log CFU/g and at 4.32, 4.85, and 4.34 log CFU/g, regarding BSS, NAJ, and SCN, respectively. Saccharomyces cerevisiae dominated all three sugary kefir grains; Kluyveromyces marxianus formed a secondary microbiota in BSS and NAJ. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens dominated NAJ and SCN; Lactobacillus rhamnosus dominated BSS. Four bacteria and nine yeast isolates exhibited proteolytic activity. Forty bacteria and 45 yeast isolates possessed lipolytic activity. No antibacterial activity was detected. Conclusions: Prevalence of yeast over bacterial populations was evident in all samples assessed. Several bacterial and yeast strains exhibited proteolytic and lipolytic activities, making them suitable candidates for inclusion in starter cultures for milk and sugary kefir fermentation.
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Arif, Syed Muhammad, Tek Tjing Lie, Boon Chong Seet, Soumia Ayyadi, and Kristian Jensen. "Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161910.
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This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research.
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Yu, Gang, and Chao Hu. "Multi-Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Based on Spatially Constrained ICA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.985.
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Most conventional methods cannot get effective performance during multi-fault diagnosis of rotating machines. Blind source separate techniques have applied to this problem, but the results show some limitations. Some prior knowledge considering the spatial or temporal characteristics of signals can be incorporated into these BSS approaches. Here spatial topography information will be chosen as spatial constraints and combine them with FastICA algorithm to get spatially constrained ICA (SCICA) method. This new technique will deal with multi-fault signals of rotating machinery through simulation process. SCICA is effective to multi-fault diagnosis and can separate all the source signals.
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Cao, Jianhua, and Weixiang Xu. "A New Intelligent Rebalancing Management Method for Multiperiod and Multiobjective Bike-Sharing System Based on Machine Learning-Enabled Signal Processing Techniques." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (January 18, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1556467.
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With the rapid development of information technology, the sharing economy has developed rapidly all over the world as a new mode of distributing business profit, among which the bike-sharing system (BSS) has become popular in many cities because of its low cost, convenience, and environmental protection. The application of the 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) in BSS makes users to search the bikes more accurately and quickly and enables operators to spot noncompliant bike sharing as soon as possible, significantly improving the efficiency of bike-sharing management. However, one of the thorny issues for operators is the bike-sharing rebalancing problem (BRP). It is the key to improve the efficiency of rebalancing, reduce the rebalancing cost, and realize the sustainable development of BSS on how to excavate the huge amount of customer cycling data, respond quickly to customer demand, and use intelligence optimization algorithm to rebalance bikes among stations. However, most of the previous studies dealt with only one period BRP and rarely considered multiperiod issues. At the same time, most researches have focused on minimizing the total cost or time of rebalancing or customer dissatisfaction, but few have aimed at minimizing the rebalancing amount. In addition, the demand gap can reflect the real rental and returning requirements of customers over a certain period of time, which is rarely considered in solving BRP. First of all, this paper presents a multiperiod and multiobjective bike-sharing rebalancing problem (MMBRP). Secondly, a mathematical model is formulated with the objective of minimizing both the total rebalancing cost and amount. In order to solve MMBRP, an improved multiobjective backtracking search genetic algorithm (IMBSGA) is designed. Finally, the effectiveness and competitiveness of IMBSGA in solving MMBRP are verified by numerous experiments comparing with state-of-the-art algorithms.
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Singh, Simran, Abhaykumar Kumbhar, İsmail Güvenç, and Mihail L. Sichitiu. "Intelligent Interference Management in UAV-Based HetNets." Telecom 2, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 472–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom2040027.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can play a key role in meeting certain demands of cellular networks. UAVs can be used not only as user equipment (UE) in cellular networks but also as mobile base stations (BSs) wherein they can either augment conventional BSs by adapting their position to serve the changing traffic and connectivity demands or temporarily replace BSs that are damaged due to natural disasters. The flexibility of UAVs allows them to provide coverage to UEs in hot-spots, at cell-edges, in coverage holes, or regions with scarce cellular infrastructure. In this work, we study how UAV locations and other cellular parameters may be optimized in such scenarios to maximize the spectral efficiency (SE) of the network. We compare the performance of machine learning (ML) techniques with conventional optimization approaches. We found that, on an average, a double deep Q learning approach can achieve 93.46% of the optimal median SE and 95.83% of the optimal mean SE. A simple greedy approach, which tunes the parameters of each BS and UAV independently, performed very well in all the cases that we tested. These computationally efficient approaches can be utilized to enhance the network performance in existing cellular networks.
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Fortuna, Lorenzo, Fabio Candotto Carniel, Fiore Capozzi, and Mauro Tretiach. "Congruence Evaluation of Mercury Pollution Patterns Around a Waste Incinerator over a 16-Year-Long Period Using Different Biomonitors." Atmosphere 10, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040183.
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To date, there has been an ever-increasing interest in complementary air monitoring techniques, which may fill the deficiencies of air quality networks. The present work reports the results concerning five biomonitoring surveys (BSs) performed in the proximity of a waste incinerator (WI) over a 16-year period. Hg emission related to the WI activity was monitored by means of both active and passive BSs based on three photosynthetically-active biomonitors (i.e., two epiphytic lichens: Pseudevernia furfuracea and Xanthoria parietina; one vascular plant: Robinia pseudoacacia) collected or exposed before and/or after the WI installation, and after a four-month period of inactivity. Hg concentration values observed in biomonitor samples varied according to the implemented species and to the status of WI plant (active vs. inactive). Our data demonstrate that, in the same pollution scenario, P. furfuracea accumulates three times more Hg than both X. parietina and R. pseudoacacia. The results are discussed in the context of the actual European Union directives concerning air pollution monitoring and assessment, revealing that both active and passive BSs are efficient tools to provide a reliable estimation of the spatial changes of Hg concentrations in the environment.
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Naderi-Meshkin, Hojjat, Raheleh Amirkhah, Asieh Heirani-Tabasi, and Muhammad Irfan-maqsood. "Critical Issues in Successful Production of Skin Substitutes for Wound Healing." Journal of Genes and Cells 4 (February 26, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/gnc.63.
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Novel findings on fabrication techniques for bioactive materials, discovering further basic knowledge about wound healing process, and availability of stem cells as alternative candidate for differentiated cells have highly encouraged scientists for developing new bioengineered skin substitutes (BSS) that offer an effective remedy for a specific wound type. However, technical, clinical, legislative and economic reasons hamper wide-spread commercialization and clinical translation of BSS. Among the various types of strategies that target skin repair and regeneration, tissue engineering with stem cells is most promising route. Tissue engineering by cooperation of several disciplines forms a context on which the commercial development of BSS is possible to provide benefits for patients who currently have limited or no cure options. The principles of tissue engineering are to initiate cell cultures in vitro, grow them in monolayer or on porous scaffolds and transplant the composite into a patient with a specific wound indication in vivo. The potential for creating of custom-designed biomaterials and availability of stem cells from either autologous or allogenic sources have helped to produce novel innovative BSS. Currently, wide range of skin substitutes are already being fabricated for clinical use in different wound indications but not yet definitively established. Therefore, many novel engineered constructs might be fabricated in the future. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made to date in the field of skin substitutes and the critical issues that are still hindering successful production and bench to bedside translation of BSS and restricting the availability of these innovative therapeutic constructs. Integrity of the science and technology, interdisciplinary expertise collaborations, and early interaction with regulatory entities such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), together with other critical determinants, is vital to the successful commercialization of tissue engineering products into the marketplace/clinic.
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Ho, Kun-Che, Yi-Hua Liu, Song-Pei Ye, Guan-Jhu Chen, and Yu-Shan Cheng. "Mathematical Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Switched-Capacitor-Based Battery Equalization Systems." Electronics 10, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212629.
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The battery storage system (BSS) is one of the key components in many modern power applications, such as in renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. However, charge imbalance among batteries is very common in BSSs, which may impair the power efficiency, reliability, and safety. Hence, various battery equalization methods have been proposed in the literature. Among these techniques, switched-capacitor (SC)-based battery equalizers (BEs) have attracted much attention due to their low cost, small size, and controllability. In this paper, seven types of SC-based BEs are studied, including conventional, double-tiered, modularized, chain structure types I and II, series-parallel, and single SC-based BEs. Mathematical models that describe the charge–discharge behaviors are first derived. Next, a statistical analysis based on MATLAB simulation is carried out to compare the performance of these seven BEs. Finally, a summary of the circuit design complexity, balancing speed, and practical implementation options for these seven topologies is provided.
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Doran, CMC, MA Foxall-Smith, I. Ngayomela, WEG Thomas, and FCT Smith. "Into Africa: Basic Surgical Skills Trainingin Northern Tanzania." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 8 (September 1, 2013): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363513x13690603817229.
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The intercollegiate Basic surgical skills (BSS) course is a rite of passage for UK surgical trainees and this approach to teaching skills is used in daily practice to ensure our trainees develop good surgical techniques and habits. We take it for granted that formal courses are delivered by the surgical royal colleges and now via the schools of surgery; however, this form of teaching is only now being introduced throughout other parts of the world. On the back of the success achieved by BSS in the UK, it has been successfully implemented in over 45 countries, including Barbados, 2 El Salvador, 3 Jordan 4 and dubai 5 in the past 5 years alone. The Education department of the RCS recently visited Tanzania to encourage inception of a surgical skills course programme.
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Malik, Anu, Smruti Ranjan Dethi, Yogesh Kumar Gupta, and Alka Gupta. "Outcomes of coaxial microincision cataract surgery versus conventional phacoemulsification surgery." Asian Journal of Ophthalmology 16, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i3.458.
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Aim: To compare surgical parameters and visual outcomes of coaxial microincision cataract surgery (MICS) with standard phacoemulsification.
Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted on 60 eyes of 60 patients with age-related uncomplicated cataract who underwent: standard phacoemulsification surgery (30 eyes) i.e., Group 1, or coaxial MICS (30 eyes) i.e., Group 2. Intraoperative parameters were mean effective phacoemulsification power (EPP), effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), and total volume of balanced salt solution (BSS) used. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.
Results: Mean BCVA at 6 weeks was 0.04 ± 0.07 in Group 1 and 0.05 ± 0.08 in Group 2. No significant difference was observed in SIA between the two groups. Mean EPT was 29.80 ± 3.67 seconds in Group 1 and 31.93 ± 4.08 seconds in Group 2. The mean total EPP in Group 1 was 35.77 ± 5.17%, whereas it was 33.70 ± 3.05% in Group 2. There was a significant statistical difference between mean EPP and EPT in the two groups. Mean total BSS volume used in Group 1 was 128.83 ± 19.81 ml, whereas it was 139.33 ± 13.57 ml in Group 2.
Conclusion: Although EPT and BSS volume used were significantly higher in coaxial MICS, the postoperative results of the two techniques were comparable.
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Mandalenaki, Athina, Nicolas Kalogerakis, and Eleftheria Antoniou. "Production of High Purity Biosurfactants Using Heavy Oil Residues as Carbon Source." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123557.
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Typically, oil pollution cleanup procedures following first response actions include dispersion. Crude oil is biodegradable, and its bioavailability can be increased when dispersed into very fine droplets by means of chemical surfactants. Although their use is widely spread in many applications, the latter may prove toxic, depending on the extent of use. The use of biological means, such as bioremediation and biosurfactants, has emerged over the past years as a very promising ‘green’ alternative technology. Biosurfactants (BSs) are amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms during biodegradation, thus increasing the bioavailability of the organic pollutants. It is their biodegradability and low toxicity that render BSs as a very promising alternative to the synthetic ones. Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 strain ability to produce BSs, without any impurities from the substrate, was investigated. The biosurfactant production was scaled up by means of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a heavy oil residue substrate as the carbon source. The product is free from substrate impurities, and its efficiency is tested on oil bioremediation in the marine environment. The product’s dispersion efficiency was determined by the baffled flask test. The production method proposed can have a significant impact to the market, given the ever-increasing demand for ecologically friendly, reliable, commercially viable and economically competitive environmental cleanup techniques.
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Shlebak, Abdul, Anthony Poles, Richard Manning, Shaikha Almuhareb, Josu De La Funte, Mike Mitchell, and Geoff Lucas. "A Novel Homozygous c.800C>G Substitution in GP1BA Exon 2 in a Kuwaiti Family with Bernard-Soulier Syndrome." Acta Haematologica 134, no. 3 (2015): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381328.
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Background: Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a congenital bleeding disorder characterised by thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and decreased platelet adhesion resulting from genetic alterations of the glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex. Objectives: Three sisters with a lifelong bleeding history and a provisional diagnosis of BSS were referred for further characterisation of their bleeding diathesis. The siblings' symptoms varied in severity from skin and gum bleeding to menorrhagia associated with iron-deficiency anaemia requiring regular transfusion of red cells and platelets. The parents were consanguineous but did not demonstrate any bleeding disorder. Methods: The family were investigated using standard haematological techniques, platelet aggregometry, platelet membrane GP analysis and DNA sequencing of the genes encoding the GPIb/IX complex. Results: All 3 sisters had thrombocytopenia and giant platelets. Platelet aggregation and flow cytometry studies confirmed the lack of aggregation with ristocetin and a markedly reduced GPIb/IX surface expression. Molecular analysis demonstrated a novel homozygous c.800C>G substitution in GP1BA exon 2 leading to a serine 267 Ter stop codon in all 3 siblings. Conclusions: A novel, nonsense mutation was identified as the cause of the bleeding disorder in this family. This is the first reported BSS mutation identified in a family from Kuwait.
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Lu, Wenkai. "Adaptive multiple subtraction using independent component analysis." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 5 (September 2006): S179—S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2243682.
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Adaptive multiple subtraction is a critical and challenging procedure for the widely used surface-related multiple attenuation (SRMA) techniques. In this paper, I present an adaptive multiple subtraction algorithm based on independent component analysis (ICA). The method expresses the problem of adaptive multiple subtraction as a blind source separation (BSS) problem with two mixtures (the seismic data and the predicted multiple) of two or more sources (primaries and multiples). By taking advantage of the sparse property of the seismic data, the method adopts a geometric ICA method to recover the mixing matrix and a linear programming technique to recover the sources when more than two sources are included. The major advantage of the proposed method is that it does not require that the multiples and primaries in the data be orthogonal to each other; that is, the method can perform adaptive multiple subtraction when multiples and primaries have overlap. Furthermore, by expressing the problem of adaptive multiple subtraction as an underdetermined BSS model (more sources with less mixtures), the method can separate the primaries and the multiples when there is time delay and amplitude inconsistency between the true and the predicted multiples. The proposed method is demonstrated on several synthetic datasets generated by simple convolution and finite-difference modeling.
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Ortiz-Echeverri, César J., Sebastián Salazar-Colores, Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz, and Roberto A. Gómez-Loenzo. "A New Approach for Motor Imagery Classification Based on Sorted Blind Source Separation, Continuous Wavelet Transform, and Convolutional Neural Network." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204541.
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Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are systems that allow the interaction of people and devices on the grounds of brain activity. The noninvasive and most viable way to obtain such information is by using electroencephalography (EEG). However, these signals have a low signal-to-noise ratio, as well as a low spatial resolution. This work proposes a new method built from the combination of a Blind Source Separation (BSS) to obtain estimated independent components, a 2D representation of these component signals using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), and a classification stage using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach. A criterion based on the spectral correlation with a Movement Related Independent Component (MRIC) is used to sort the estimated sources by BSS, thus reducing the spatial variance. The experimental results of 94.66% using a k-fold cross validation are competitive with techniques recently reported in the state-of-the-art.
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Gigliola, Samuele, Alfredo Niro, Carmela Palmisano, Pasquale Puzo, Gianluigi Giuliani, Luigi Sborgia, Dario Sisto, et al. "Comparison of perioperative parameters in one-handed rotational phacoemulsification versus conventional phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1868–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.12.09.
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AIM: To compare perioperative parameters of one-handed rotational phacoemulsification technique (one-handed phaco-roll) with each of other two techniques, “Divide et Conquer” and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) METHODS: In this retrospective and comparative cohort study, eyes with uncomplicated cataract (nuclear density grade 2 to 3) treated routinely with one-handed phaco-roll (n=23; Group 1) or “Divide et Conquer” (n=23; Group 2) or FLACS (n=23; Group 3) were enrolled. Intraoperative parameters including effective phaco-time (EPt), ultrasound time (USt), aspiration time, surgical time, phacoemulsification (phaco)-power, balanced salt solution (BSS) use, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) were recorded and compared. Clinical outcomes including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial cell loss (ECL), central corneal thickness (CCT) and central macular thickness (CMT), were assessed and compared pre-operatively and at 1mo after surgery. RESULTS: Aspiration and surgical time, and BSS used were lower in Group 1 (P<0.01) than other groups. EPt, phaco-power and CDE were lower in Group 1 (P<0.05) than Group 2 but not significantly different from Group 3. In Group 1, USt was lower (P<0.05) than Group 2 but higher (P<0.05) than Group 3. BCVA improved in all groups without significant difference between Group 1 and the other ones. No significant differences regarding all post-operative morphologic outcomes (ECD, ECL, CCT, CMT) were reported. No clinical complications occurred. CONCLUSION: One-handed phaco-roll seems to be less time-consuming than “Divide et Conquer” and FLACS and less energy-consuming than “Divide et Conquer”. Furthermore, one-handed phaco-roll seems to have an equal safety profile compared to the other two techniques.
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Toha, Siti Fauziah, Nur Hazima Faezaa, Nor Aziah Mohd Azubair, Nizam Hanis, Mohd Khair Hassan, and Babul Salam Ksm Ibrahim. "Lithium Iron Phosphate Intelligent SOC Prediction for Efficient Electric Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1613.
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This paper presents modelling techniques for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) battery in an electric vehicle. Artificial intelligence techniques namely multi-layered perceptron neural network (MLPNN) and Elman recurrent neural network are devised to estimate the energy remained in the battery bank which referred to state of charge (SOC). The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test data is used to excite the cells in driving cycle-based conditions under varied temperature range [0-55]°C. Accurate SOC prediction is a key function for satisfactory implementation of Battery Supervisory System (BSS). It is demonstrated that artificial intelligence methods can be effectively used with highly accurate results. The accuracy of the modeling results is demonstrated through validation and correlation tests.
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Abugabal, Muhammad, Yasmine Fahmy, and Hazim Tawfik. "Novel Position Estimation using Differential Timing Information for Asynchronous LTE/NR Networks." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 13, no. 04 (July 31, 2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2021.13403.
Full textAbstract:
Positioning techniques have been a common objective since the early development of wireless networks. However, current positioning methods in cellular networks, for instance, are still primarily focused on the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which has several limitations, like high power drainage and failure in indoor scenarios. This study introduces a novel approach employing standard LTE signaling in order to provide high accuracy positioning estimation. The proposed technique is designed in analogy to the human sound localization system, eliminating the need of having information from three spatially diverse Base Stations (BSs). This is inspired by the perfect human 3D sound localization with two ears. A field study is carried out in a dense urban city to verify the accuracy of the proposed technique, with more than 20 thousand measurement samples collected. The achieved positioning accuracy is meeting the latest Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requirements in the planner dimension.
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Martinez, Bridget, Andre Green, Moises Felipe Silva, Yongchao Yang, and David Mascareñas. "Sparse and Random Sampling Techniques for High-Resolution, Full-Field, BSS-Based Structural Dynamics Identification from Video." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 3526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123526.
Full textAbstract:
Video-based techniques for identification of structural dynamics have the advantage that they are very inexpensive to deploy compared to conventional accelerometer or strain gauge techniques. When structural dynamics from video is accomplished using full-field, high-resolution analysis techniques utilizing algorithms on the pixel time series such as principal components analysis and solutions to blind source separation the added benefit of high-resolution, full-field modal identification is achieved. An important property of video of vibrating structures is that it is particularly sparse. Typically video of vibrating structures has a dimensionality consisting of many thousands or even millions of pixels and hundreds to thousands of frames. However the motion of the vibrating structure can be described using only a few mode shapes and their associated time series. As a result, emerging techniques for sparse and random sampling such as compressive sensing should be applicable to performing modal identification on video. This work presents how full-field, high-resolution, structural dynamics identification frameworks can be coupled with compressive sampling. The techniques described in this work are demonstrated to be able to recover mode shapes from experimental video of vibrating structures when 70% to 90% of the frames from a video captured in the conventional manner are removed.