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Journal articles on the topic 'Bsd2'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Liu, X. F., and V. C. Culotta. "The requirement for yeast superoxide dismutase is bypassed through mutations in BSD2, a novel metal homeostasis gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (November 1994): 7037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7037.

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Oxygen toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking superoxide dismutase can be suppressed through mutations in either the BSD1 or BSD2 gene. In this report, we demonstrate that the BSD2 gene normally functions in the homeostasis of heavy metal ions. A mutation in BSD2 not only reverses the aerobic defects of yeast strains lacking superoxide dismutase but also is associated with an increased sensitivity to copper and cadmium toxicity and an elevation in copper ion accumulation. The BSD2 gene was cloned by functional complementation and is predicted to encode a novel 37.5-kDa protein with three potential transmembrane domains. The mutant bsd2-1 allele was isolated and found to contain a single C-to-T transition changing a centrally located proline to a serine. This substitution results in total inactivation of BSD2, since the bsd2-1 mutation is identical to a bsd2 delta gene deletion in phenotype. BSD2 is expressed in yeast cells as a 1.5-kb mRNA. Although the gene functions in copper detoxification, BSD2 is not induced by copper ions, as is the case with S. cerevisiae metallothioneins. A probable role for copper ions in the bsd2 reversal of oxidative damage is discussed.
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2

Liu, X. F., and V. C. Culotta. "The requirement for yeast superoxide dismutase is bypassed through mutations in BSD2, a novel metal homeostasis gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (November 1994): 7037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7037-7045.1994.

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Oxygen toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking superoxide dismutase can be suppressed through mutations in either the BSD1 or BSD2 gene. In this report, we demonstrate that the BSD2 gene normally functions in the homeostasis of heavy metal ions. A mutation in BSD2 not only reverses the aerobic defects of yeast strains lacking superoxide dismutase but also is associated with an increased sensitivity to copper and cadmium toxicity and an elevation in copper ion accumulation. The BSD2 gene was cloned by functional complementation and is predicted to encode a novel 37.5-kDa protein with three potential transmembrane domains. The mutant bsd2-1 allele was isolated and found to contain a single C-to-T transition changing a centrally located proline to a serine. This substitution results in total inactivation of BSD2, since the bsd2-1 mutation is identical to a bsd2 delta gene deletion in phenotype. BSD2 is expressed in yeast cells as a 1.5-kb mRNA. Although the gene functions in copper detoxification, BSD2 is not induced by copper ions, as is the case with S. cerevisiae metallothioneins. A probable role for copper ions in the bsd2 reversal of oxidative damage is discussed.
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3

Sullivan, James A., Michael J. Lewis, Elina Nikko, and Hugh R. B. Pelham. "Multiple Interactions Drive Adaptor-Mediated Recruitment of the Ubiquitin Ligase Rsp5 to Membrane Proteins In Vivo and In Vitro." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 7 (July 2007): 2429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-01-0011.

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Recognition of membrane proteins by the Nedd4/Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase family is a critical step in their targeting to the multivesicular body pathway. Some substrates contain “PY” motifs (PPxY), which bind to WW domains in the ligase. Others lack PY motifs and instead rely on adaptors that recruit the ligase to them. To investigate the mechanism of adaptor-mediated ubiquitination, we have characterized the interactions between the adaptor Bsd2, the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, and the membrane proteins Cps1, Tre1, and Smf1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have reconstituted adaptor-mediated modification of Cps1 and Tre1 in vitro, and we show that two PY motifs in Bsd2 and two WW domains (WW2 and WW3) in Rsp5 are crucial for this. The binding of a weak noncanonical DMAPSY motif in Bsd2 to WW3 is an absolute requirement for Bsd2 adaptor function. We show that sorting of the manganese transporter Smf1, which requires both Bsd2 and Tre1, depends upon two PY motifs in Bsd2 and one motif in Tre1 but only two WW domains in Rsp5. We suggest that sequential assembly of first a Bsd2/Rsp5 complex, then a Tre1/Bsd2/Rsp5 complex followed by a rearrangement of PY–WW interactions is required for the ubiquitination of Smf1.
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4

Kagiwada, Satoshi, Brian G. Kerns, Todd P. McGee, Min Fang, Kohei Hosaka, and Vytas A. Bankaitis. "The Yeast BSD2-1 Mutation Influences Both the Requirement for Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Function and Derepression of Phospholipid Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Yeast." Genetics 143, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.2.685.

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Abstract The BSD2-1 allele renders Saccharomyces cermisiae independent of its normally essential requirement for phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Secl4p) in the stimulation of Golgi secretory function and cell viability. We now report that BSD2-1 yeast mutants also exhibit yet another phenotype, an inositol auxotrophy. We demonstrate that the basis for this Ino− phenotype is the inability of BSD2-1 strains to derepress transcription of INO1, the structural gene for the enzyme that catalyzes the committed step in de novo inositol biosynthesis in yeast. This constitutive repression of INO1 expression is mediated through specific inactivation of InoSp, a factor required for transactivation of INOl transcription, and we show that these transcriptional regulatory defects can be uncoupled from the “bypass Secl4p” phenotype of BSD2-1 strains. Finally, we present evidence that newly synthesized phosphatidylinositol is subject to accelerated turnover in BSD2-1 mutants and that prevention of this accelerated phosphatidylinositol turnover in turn negates suppression of Secl4p defects by BSD2-1. We propose that, in BSD2-1 strains, a product(s) generated by phosphatidylinositol turnover coordinately modulates the activities of both the Secl4p/Golgi pathway and the pathway through which transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes is derepressed.
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5

Lapinskas, P. J., K. W. Cunningham, X. F. Liu, G. R. Fink, and V. C. Culotta. "Mutations in PMR1 suppress oxidative damage in yeast cells lacking superoxide dismutase." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 3 (March 1995): 1382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.3.1382.

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Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking a functional SOD1 gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) are sensitive to atmospheric levels of oxygen and are auxotrophic for lysine and methionine when grown in air. We have previously shown that these defects of SOD-deficient yeast cells can be overcome through mutations in either the BSD1 or BSD2 (bypass SOD defects) gene. In this study, the wild-type allele of BSD1 was cloned by functional complementation and was physically mapped to the left arm of chromosome VII. BSD1 is identical to PMR1, encoding a member of the P-type ATPase family that localizes to the Golgi apparatus. PMR1 is thought to function in calcium metabolism, and we provide evidence that PMR1 also participates in the homeostasis of manganese ions. Cells lacking a functional PMR1 gene accumulate elevated levels of intracellular manganese and are also extremely sensitive to manganese ion toxicity. We demonstrate that mutations in PMR1 bypass SOD deficiency through a mechanism that depends on extracellular manganese. Collectively, these findings indicate that oxidative damage in a eukaryotic cell can be prevented through alterations in manganese homeostasis.
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6

Portnoy, Matthew E., Xiu Fen Liu, and Valeria Cizewski Culotta. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expresses Three Functionally Distinct Homologues of the Nramp Family of Metal Transporters." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 21 (November 1, 2000): 7893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.21.7893-7902.2000.

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ABSTRACT The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses three homologues of the Nramp family of metal transporters: Smf1p, Smf2p, and Smf3p, encoded by SMF1, SMF2, andSMF3, respectively. Here we report a comparative analysis of the yeast Smf proteins at the levels of localization, regulation, and function of the corresponding metal transporters. Smf1p and Smf2p function in cellular accumulation of manganese, and the two proteins are coregulated by manganese ions and the BSD2 gene product. Under manganese-replete conditions, Bsd2p facilitates trafficking of Smf1p and Smf2p to the vacuole, where these transport proteins are degraded. However, Smf1p and Smf2p localize to distinct cellular compartments under metal starvation: Smf1p accumulates at the cell surface, while Smf2p is restricted to intracellular vesicles. The third Nramp homologue, Smf3p, is quite distinctive. Smf3p is not regulated by Bsd2p or by manganese ions and is not degraded in the vacuole. Instead, Smf3p is down-regulated by iron through a mechanism that does not involve transcription or protein stability. Smf3p localizes to the vacuolar membrane independently of metal treatment, and yeast cells lacking Smf3p show symptoms of iron starvation. We propose that Smf3p helps to mobilize vacuolar stores of iron.
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7

Aigner, H., R. H. Wilson, A. Bracher, L. Calisse, J. Y. Bhat, F. U. Hartl, and M. Hayer-Hartl. "Plant RuBisCo assembly inE. coliwith five chloroplast chaperones including BSD2." Science 358, no. 6368 (December 7, 2017): 1272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9221.

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8

Tominaga, Jun, Shunichi Takahashi, Atsushi Sakamoto, and Hiroshi Shimada. "Arabidopsis BSD2 reveals a novel redox regulation of Rubisco physiology in vivo." Plant Signaling & Behavior 15, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 1740873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2020.1740873.

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9

Takahashi, Tsutomu, Takemitsu Furuchi, and Akira Naganuma. "A novel role for Bsd2 in the resistance of yeast to adriamycin." Journal of Cellular Physiology 202, no. 1 (2004): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20082.

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10

Salesse, Coralie, Robert Sharwood, Wataru Sakamoto, and David Stern. "The Rubisco Chaperone BSD2 May Regulate Chloroplast Coverage in Maize Bundle Sheath Cells." Plant Physiology 175, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 1624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01346.

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11

Hettema, Ewald H., Javier Valdez-Taubas, and Hugh R. B. Pelham. "Bsd2 binds the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 and mediates the ubiquitination of transmembrane proteins." EMBO Journal 23, no. 6 (February 26, 2004): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600137.

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12

Conlan, Brendon, Rosemary Birch, Celine Kelso, Sophie Holland, Amanda P. De Souza, Stephen P. Long, Jennifer L. Beck, and Spencer M. Whitney. "BSD2 is a Rubisco‐specific assembly chaperone, forms intermediary hetero‐oligomeric complexes, and is nonlimiting to growth in tobacco." Plant, Cell & Environment 42, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 1287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13473.

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13

Doron, Lior, Na'ama Segal, Hadas Gibori, and Michal Shapira. "The BSD2 ortholog inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiis a polysome-associated chaperone that co-migrates on sucrose gradients with therbcLtranscript encoding the Rubisco large subunit." Plant Journal 80, no. 2 (September 15, 2014): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12638.

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14

Besagni, Giorgio, and Fabio Inzoli. "Prediction of Bubble Size Distributions in Large-Scale Bubble Columns Using a Population Balance Model." Computation 7, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation7010017.

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A precise estimation of the bubble size distribution (BSD) is required to understand the fluid dynamics in gas-liquid bubble columns at the “bubble scale,” evaluate the heat and mass transfer rate, and support scale-up approaches. In this paper, we have formulated a population balance model, and we have validated it against a previously published experimental dataset. The experimental dataset consists of BSDs obtained in the “pseudo-homogeneous” flow regime, in a large-diameter and large-scale bubble column. The aim of the population balance model is to predict the BSD in the developed region of the bubble column using as input the BSD at the sparger. The proposed approach has been able to estimate the BSD correctly and is a promising approach for future studies and to estimate bubble size in large-scale gas–liquid bubble columns.
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15

Chasseigne, Gérard, Maria Teresa Muñoz Sastre, Paul CLay Sorum, and Etienne Mullet. "Assessing Information Integration Processes Using Between- or Within-Subjects Designs: Some More Evidence." Universitas Psychologica 18, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-1.aiip.

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Within-subject designs (WSDs) remain unappreciated in psychology although many experimental tactics can reduce or eliminate the demand and order effects that WSDs tend to create. Comparative studies conducted in the Information Integration Theory (IIT) framework have shown that patterns of results observed using WSDs can largely be replicated using between-subject designs (BSDs). In order to add evidence to these findings, three additional studies were conducted in order to complement data obtained in previous studies. One of these studies was about health risk perception and tested the possibility to find evidence for a disjunctive rule of information integration using a BSD. The other two studies focused on the valuation process of IIT. The new findings regarding the disjunctive rule added support to the view that equivalent results can be obtained either with a highly economical repeated-measures design or with a much costlier independent factorial group arrangement. However, when the focus was on the valuation process and not on the integration process, ratings obtained in the BSD condition seemed to be restricted to a limited range of values by comparison with ratings obtained in the WSD condition. An explanation in terms of context effect is offered.
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16

Nemoto, Manami, and Koichi Chida. "Reducing the Breast Cancer Risk and Radiation Dose of Radiography for Scoliosis in Children: A Phantom Study." Diagnostics 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100753.

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Full-spinal radiographs (FRs) are often the first choice of imaging modality in the investigation of scoliosis. However, FRs are strongly related to breast cancer occurrence due to multiple large-field radiographic examinations taken during childhood and adolescence, which may increase the risk for breast cancer in adulthood among women with scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to consider various technical parameters to reduce the patient radiation dose of FRs for scoliosis. To evaluate breast surface doses (BSDs) in FRs, radio photoluminescence dosimeters were placed in contact with a child phantom. Using the PC-based Monte Carlo (PMC) program for calculating patient doses in medical X-ray examinations, the breast organ dose (BOD) and the effective dose were calculated by performing Monte Carlo simulations using mathematical phantom models. The BSDs in the posteroanterior (PA) view were 0.15–0.34-fold those in the anteroposterior (AP) view. The effective dose in the PA view was 0.4–0.61-fold that in the AP view. BSD measurements were almost equivalent to the BODs obtained using PMC at all exposure settings. During FRs, the PA view without an anti-scatter grid significantly reduced the breast dose compared to the AP view with an anti-scatter grid.
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17

Essaky, E. H., and M. Hassani. "General existence results for reflected BSDE and BSDE." Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques 135, no. 5 (July 2011): 442–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bulsci.2011.04.003.

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18

Davies, Julie. "Are business school deans doomed? The global financial crisis, Brexit and all that." Journal of Management Development 35, no. 7 (August 8, 2016): 901–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-09-2014-0114.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on different types of university-based business school dean (BSD) in a context of insecurities within the business school business and more widely with changing business and educational models and disruptions such as the global financial crisis and Brexit. The position of the BSD is contextualised within the industry sector, institutionally, and in relation to individuals’ tenures to make sense of how BSDs are operating on a burning platform. A well-established middle management strategic role framework is applied to the empirical data. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 50 one-to-one interviews were conducted with deans and their colleagues. Deans’ behaviours were analysed according to attention paid to “facilitating”, “synthesizing”, “championing”, and “implementing” strategic activities. Findings – Behaviours from primary professional identities as scholars and educators were identified as prevalent. It is suggested that to achieve greater legitimacy in declining mature markets, future deans will need to re-negotiate their roles to champion as public intellectuals the societal impact of business schools more widely in a context of shifting business and educational models. Practical implications – The study is relevant to current and aspiring deans and for those hiring and developing business school deans. Originality/value – The dean is conceptualised as a hybrid upper middle manager besieged by multiple stakeholders and challenges. Novel first-order insights into a typology of strategists are highlighted.
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19

Puga, Frank, Danny Wang, and Carolyn Pickering. "Suicidal Ideation in Dementia Family Caregivers." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1545.

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Abstract Family caregivers of individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRDs) are exposed to unique stressors that put them at risk for depression and suicidal ideation. To date, little is known about contextual factors surrounding suicidal ideation among ADRD family caregivers. We investigated individual caregiver characteristics (gender, age, relationship to care-recipient, history of depression and anxiety) and daily environmental stressors (behavioral symptoms of dementias; BSDs) associated with daily suicidal ideation using a micro-longitudinal design and ecological momentary assessment methods. Data were collected from a national sample of family caregivers (N=51) who completed daily diaries over 21 days (n=911). Suicidal ideation was endorsed on forty-seven days (5.16%) during the sampling period, with 11 participants (22%) endorsing suicidal ideation at least once. Suicidal ideation did not differ based on the caregiver’s age and relationship to the care-recipient (spouse or child). Participants with a history of mild depression and anxiety endorsed more days with suicidal ideation. Finally, family caregivers were more likely to endorse suicidal ideation on a day when more than one type of BSD was reported (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.50, p = 0.018) and when BSDs were perceived as more bothersome than average (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.19, p < 0.001). In this investigation, we identified descriptive and predictive factors that will inform the development of targeted interventions for ADRD caregivers at high risk of suicidal ideation.
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20

Ban, Da Ming, Yang Min, Yong Hang Zhang, and Ou Zhao. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly Phenoxyl Bisphenol-S Phosphate." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1091–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1091.

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A solid phase bisphenol-S bis(diphenyl phosphate)(BSDP), Poly Phenoxyl Bisphenol-S Phosphate（S-BSDP）was synthesized from phosphorus oxychloride, phenol and bisphenol-A in two step sythesis route. The influence factors on the yield and molecular weight of S-BSDP were investigated by the means of orthogonal design. The structure of S-BSDP was characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The molecular weight was determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Thermal stability of S-BSDP was studied by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results review that S-BSDP was synthesized successfully and its structure is similar to BSDP. Its thermal decomposition temperature is much higher than liquid phase BSDP.
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21

Panicot-Dubois, Laurence, Christophe Dubois, Barbara C. Furie, Bruce Furie, and Dominique Lombardo. "A Role for Bile Salt-Dependent Lipase in Platelet Activation and in Thrombus Formation in Vivo." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3526.3526.

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Abstract Bile Salt Dependent Lipase (BSDL) is an enzyme secreted by pancreatic acinar cells. BSDL, in the presence of primary bile salts, participates in the hydrolysis of dietary lipid esters in the duodenum lumen. This 105 kDa N and O-glycosylated protein has been detected in the plasma of normal subjects. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that pancreatic BSDL reaches the blood via transcytosis through enterocytes. Other studies showed that pancreatic human BSDL is captured by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and induces the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vitro at BSDL concentrations found in blood, suggesting that this enzyme may play a role in hemostasis and thrombosis. However the specific role of circulating BSDL is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the possible involvement of circulating BSDL in thrombus formation. We investigated the participation of circulating mouse BSDL in thrombus formation using widefield intravital microscopy in the cremaster muscle of living mice. Thrombi were formed following laser injury of the vessel wall of an arteriole in the cremaster muscle. Pancreatic mouse BSDL, a 74 kDa glycoprotein, was detected using several antibodies directed against either the whole human BSDL (pAbL64, pAbL32) or a peptide based on a sequence in the N-terminal domain of BSDL (Ser326-Thr350; pAbAntipeptide). Mouse and human BSDL share about 80% sequence homology, the main difference localized in the C-terminal domain, which is truncated to the mouse BSDL compared with the human enzyme. All the antibodies are able to specifically recognize the mouse pancreatic BSDL. Using antibodies pAbL64, pAbL32, or pAbAntipeptide we observed specific accumulation of circulating mouse BSDL into the growing thrombus. The circulating BSDL co-localized with platelets present in the thrombus. These results suggest that circulating BSDL is involved in thrombus formation in vivo. In order to determine if BSDL plays a role in platelet activation and aggregation, we performed in vitro studies on human washed platelets. BSDL increased both the amount of phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of platelets and the activation of αIIbβ3 induced by thrombin. These results indicate that this enzyme can amplify the activation of platelets in vitro. While BSDL alone cannot induce the aggregation of platelets, this enzyme significantly increases the amount of platelet aggregation induced by SFLLRN peptide or thrombin. Altogether, these data suggeste that circulating BSDL participates in the thrombus formation after laser injury of the arterial wall and can amplify both the activation of platelets and the phosphatidylserine exposure, increasing the thrombotic response after vessel injury. This mechanism may be operative in the development of venous thromboembolic disease in pancreatic cancer.
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22

Bruneau, Nadine, Dominique Lombardo, and Moïse Bendayan. "The Affinity Binding Sites of Pancreatic Bile Salt-Dependent Lipase in Pancreatic and Intestinal Tissues." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 48, no. 2 (February 2000): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540004800212.

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In previous studies, we have shown that the bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) associates with the Grp94 molecular chaperone, an association that appears to play essential roles in the folding of BSDL. More recently, combined biochemical and immunocytochemical investigations were carried out to show that the transport of BSDL occurs via an association with the Grp94 all along the pancreatic secretory route (ER-Golgi-granules). The Grp94-BSDL complex is secreted with the pancreatic juice into the acinar lumen and reaches the duodenal lumen, where it is internalized by enterocytes. The dissociation of the complex could take place within the endosomal compartment because BSDL continues further on its way to the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte. To localize the affinity binding sites of pancreatic BSDL in pancreatic and duodenal tissues, we have used an affinity-gold ultrastructural technique. BSDL coupled to gold particles appears to interact with specific sites in tissue sections. This was confirmed by another indirect morphological approach using biotin-labeled BSDL and streptavidin-gold complexes on tissue sections. We have shown that BSDL associates with sites in the pancreatic secretory pathway compartments and in the microvilli, the endosomal compartment, and the basolateral membrane of enterocytes. By biochemical approaches, biotin-labeled BSDL displayed affinities with proteins of 180-190 kD in both pancreatic and duodenal tissues. We have also shown that the Grp94-BSDL complexes, which are insensitive to denaturing conditions, are present in pancreatic homogenate but not in duodenal lysate. Thus, BSDL is able to bind protein complexes formed by either BSDL-Grp94 or Grp94 dimers.
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23

Bruneau, N., D. Lombardo, and M. Bendayan. "Participation of GRP94-related protein in secretion of pancreatic bile salt-dependent lipase and in its internalization by the intestinal epithelium." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 17 (September 1, 1998): 2665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.17.2665.

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In previous studies on the AR4-2J cell line, we have shown that secretion of bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) involves a multiprotein complex, including a protein of 94 kDa (p94) that is immunologically related to the chaperone Grp94, which seems to play essential roles in the folding process of BSDL. Combined biochemical and immunocytochemical investigations were carried out to study the secretion of BSDL by normal pancreatic cells and its transport to the small intestine where this enzyme is thought to exert its physiological function. Both BSDL and Grp94 antigenic sites were localized and found to be associated all along the pancreatic acinar cell secretory pathway. Grp94 and BSDL remain associated from leaving the pancreas until arriving at the intestinal lumen. In pancreatic juice, both proteins appear as a complex of high molecular mass (180 kDa) containing at least one each of p94 and BSDL molecules, interacting by hydrophobic forces. At the intestinal level, associated Grp94 and BSDL were detected on microvilli and in the endosomal compartment of enterocytes. The BSDL mRNA, however, was not expressed by the intestinal mucosa. The pancreatic Grp94-BSDL complex was internalized through the endosomal compartment of enterocytes. Finally, the two proteins dissociated in this compartment and BSDL, but not Grp94, was transferred to the basolateral membrane.
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PASQUALINI, Eric, Nathalie CAILLOL, Eric MAS, Nadine BRUNEAU, Doris LEXA, and Dominique LOMBARDO. "Association of bile-salt-dependent lipase with membranes of human pancreatic microsomes is under the control of ATP and phosphorylation." Biochemical Journal 327, no. 2 (October 15, 1997): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3270527.

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Bile-salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) is secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum, where it catalyses the hydrolysis of dietary lipid esters on activation by bile salts. The secretion pathway of BSDL is comparable with that of other digestive enzymes produced by pancreatic acinar cells. However, in contrast with these other enzymes, BSDL is partly associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes as part of a folding complex, including a Grp94-related protein to which BSDL is transiently linked. The release of BSDL from membranes occurs once its glycosylation is completed [Bruneau and Lombardo (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13524-13533]. In the present study, investigations concerning the mechanism of association/dissociation of BSDL with membranes of microsomes were performed. For this purpose the role of ATP and that of the possible phosphorylation of BSDL were examined. For the first time, it is shown that human pancreatic BSDL is phosphorylated, probably at a serine residue, during its transport within the acinar cell. The phosphorylation of BSDL is provoked by calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. In the presence of 1-(isoquinolinesulphonyl)2-methylpiperazine, a non-specific inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinase A, C or G, or of calcium chelator 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,Nʹ,Nʹ-tetra-acetic tetra(acetoxymethyl)ester, the phosphorylation of BSDL elicited by calphostin C is abolished. These data suggested that the phosphorylation of BSDL within human pancreatic microsomes is under the control of a cascade of protein kinases. We have also shown that the phosphorylation of BSDL appears to be involved in the release of the enzyme from microsome membranes. Nevertheless ATP, which modifies the conformation of BSDL, triggers this association, and an unhydrolysable ATP analogue was unable to promote it.
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NGANGA, Alain, Nadine BRUNEAU, Veronique SBARRA, Dominique LOMBARDO, and Josette LE PETIT-THEVENIN. "Control of pancreatic bile-salt-dependent-lipase secretion by the glucose-regulated protein of 94kDa (Grp94)." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 3 (December 8, 2000): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520865.

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Bile-salt-dependent lipase (BSDL; EC 3.1.1.13) is an enzyme expressed by the pancreatic acinar cell and secreted as a component of the pancreatic juice. During its route towards secretion, BSDL is associated with intracellular membranes by means of a multiprotein folding complex, which includes the glucose-regulated protein of 94kDa (Grp94). We have postulated that the association of BSDL with membranes is required for the complete O-glycosylation of the protein, which diverts BSDL from a degradation route and consequently allows its secretion. To further characterize the role of Grp94 in BSDL secretion, we have studied the effect of a ribozyme specifically targeted to Grp94 mRNA. This ribozyme has been transfected into AR4-2J cells, and we have shown that a decrease in Grp94 expression leads to a concomitant decrease in BSDL secretion and expression. Geldanamycin (GA), which alters Grp94 functions, also affects the release of BSDL into the culture medium of AR4-2J cells. BSDL expressed in GA-treated AR4-2J cells is unstable. Furthermore, under conditions that decrease the level of BSDL secretion, no intracellular accumulation of the enzyme was observed, suggesting that BSDL that cannot associate with (or be structured by) Grp94 could be rapidly degraded. We have further shown that this degradation probably occurs via the ubiquitin-dependent pathway. Altogether, these results indicate that Grp94 has a pivotal role in BSDL folding and in the sorting of this pancreatic enzyme.
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MARUYAMA, YUKIHIRO. "STRONG REPRESENTATION OF A DISCRETE DECISION PROCESS BY POSITIVELY/NEGATIVELY BITONE SEQUENTIAL DECISION PROCESS." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 24, no. 02 (April 2007): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595907001218.

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In this paper, we will introduce a new subclass of bitone sequential decision process (bsdp) and give a representation theorem for the subclass called positively/negatively bsdp, shortly, p/n bsdp, that is, necessary and sufficient condition for p/n bsdp to strongly represent a given discrete decision process (ddp).
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Mansouri, Mandana, Kasinath Viswanathan, Janet L. Douglas, Jennie Hines, Jean Gustin, Ashlee V. Moses, and Klaus Früh. "Molecular Mechanism of BST2/Tetherin Downregulation by K5/MIR2 of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus." Journal of Virology 83, no. 19 (July 15, 2009): 9672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00597-09.

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ABSTRACT K3/MIR1 and K5/MIR2 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are viral members of the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) ubiquitin ligase family and contribute to viral immune evasion by directing the conjugation of ubiquitin to immunostimulatory transmembrane proteins. In a quantitative proteomic screen for novel host cell proteins downregulated by viral immunomodulators, we previously observed that K5, as well as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immunomodulator VPU, reduced steady-state levels of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2; also called CD317 or tetherin), suggesting that BST2 might be a novel substrate of K5 and VPU. Recent work revealed that in the absence of VPU, HIV-1 virions are tethered to the plasma membrane in BST2-expressing HeLa cells. By targeting BST2, K5 might thus similarly overcome an innate antiviral host defense mechanism. Here we establish that despite its type II transmembrane topology and carboxy-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, BST2 represents a bona fide target of K5 that is downregulated during primary infection by and reactivation of KSHV. Upon exit of the protein from the endoplasmic reticulum, lysines in the short amino-terminal domain of BST2 are ubiquitinated by K5, resulting in rapid degradation of BST2. Ubiquitination of BST2 is required for degradation, since BST2 lacking cytosolic lysines was K5 resistant and ubiquitin depletion by proteasome inhibitors restored BST2 surface expression. Thus, BST2 represents the first type II transmembrane protein targeted by K5 and the first example of a protein that is both ubiquitinated and GPI linked. We further demonstrate that KSHV release is decreased in the absence of K5 in a BST2-dependent manner, suggesting that K5 contributes to the evasion of intracellular antiviral defense programs.
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Castelo, Milena S., Eduardo R. Carvalho, Emília S. Gerhard, Danielle Silveira Macêdo, Eduardo D. Ferreira, and André F. Carvalho. "Validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale." Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 59, no. 4 (2010): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0047-20852010000400001.

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OBJECTIVE: Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) are prevalent and frequently unrecognized and undertreated. This report describes the development and validation of the Brazilian version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (B-BSDS), a screening instrument for bipolar disorders, in an adult psychiatric population. METHOD: 114 consecutive patients attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic completed the B-BSDS. A research psychiatrist, blind to the B-BSDS scores, interviewed patients by means of a modified version of the mood module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ("gold standard"). Subthreshold bipolar disorders were defined as recurrent hypomania without a major depressive episode or with fewer symptoms than those required for threshold hypomania. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the B-BSDS evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89 (95% CI; 0.86-0.91). On the basis of the modified SCID, 70 patients (61.4%) of the sample received a diagnosis of BSDs. A B-BSDS screening score of 16 or more items yielded: sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI; 0.72-0.85), specificity of 0.77 (95% CI; 0.70-0.83), a positive predictive value of 0.85 (95% CI; 0.78-0.91) and a negative predictive value of 0.70 (95% CI; 0.63-0.75). CONCLUSION: The present data demonstrate that the B-BSDS is a valid instrument for the screening of BSDs.
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von Finck, A., M. Trost, S. Schröder, and A. Duparré. "Parallelized multichannel BSDF measurements." Optics Express 23, no. 26 (December 18, 2015): 33493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.033493.

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30

Magistris, M., and K. Rösler. "BS22 Triple stimulation technique." Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (September 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.07.106.

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Mathias, C. J. "BS12 Autonomic function testing." Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (September 2006): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.07.165.

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32

Li, Ke, Jun-Ya Liu, Lei Fu, Ying-Ying Zhao, He Zhu, Yan-Yan Zhang, Hua Zhang, and Yan-Hong Bai. "Effect of bamboo shoot dietary fiber on gel properties, microstructure and water distribution of pork meat batters." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0215.

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Objective: To develop healthier comminuted meat products to meet consumer demand, the gel properties, rheological properties, microstructure and water distribution of pork meat batters formulated with various amounts of bamboo shoot dietary fiber (BSDF) were investigated.Methods: Different levels of BSDF (0% to 4%) were added to pork batters, and the pH, color, water-holding capacity, texture and rheological properties of pork batters were determined. Then, pork batters were analyzed for their microstructure and water distribution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR).Results: Compared with the control, BSDF addition into meat batters showed a significant reduction in L*-value and a significant increase in b*-value (p<0.05). BSDF addition of up to 4% reduced the pH value of pork batters by approximately 0.15 units; however, the cooking loss and expressible water loss decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the increased addition of BSDF. The hardness and gel strength were noticeably enhanced (p<0.05) as the content of BSDF increased. The rheological results showed that BSDF added into pork batters produced higher storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values. The SEM images suggested that the addition of BSDF could promote pork batters to form a more uniform and compact microstructure. The proportion of immobilized water increased significantly (p<0.05), while the population of free water was decreased (p<0.05), indicating that BSDF improved the water-holding capability of pork batters by decreasing the fraction of free water.Conclusion: BSDF could improve the gel properties, rheological properties and water distribution of pork meat batters and decrease the proportion of free water, suggesting that BSDF has great potential as an effective binder in comminuted meat products.
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VÉRINE, Alain, Nadine BRUNEAU, Anne VALETTE, Josette LE PETIT-THEVENIN, Eric PASQUALINI, and Dominique LOMBARDO. "Immunodetection and molecular cloning of a bile-salt-dependent lipase isoform in HepG2 cells." Biochemical Journal 342, no. 1 (August 10, 1999): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3420179.

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In this article, we report the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding an isoform of bile-salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) expressed by human hepatoma cells. The BSDL is a 100-kDa glycoprotein normally expressed by the human pancreas. Using a polyclonal antibody raised against an internal peptide located between Ile327 and Glu350 of the human pancreatic BSDL, we have immunodetected an isoform of human pancreatic BSDL, with an apparent molecular mass of about 62 kDa. This isoform of BSDL was mainly associated with the cytosol of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2), the remaining protein being found in the microsome fraction. In addition, esterolytic activity on p-nitrophenyl hexanoate measured in microsomes and cytosol appeared very low and was weakly stimulated by bile salts, such as taurocholate. In contrast to human pancreatic BSDL, which is secreted as a component of pancreatic juice, this isoform appeared to be retained in the HepG2 cells. Reverse transcription, followed by PCR and amplification, performed on RNA extracted from HepG2 cells using specific primers hybridizing to the sequence coding for the entire normal human pancreatic BSDL, allowed us to amplify a 1.7-kb transcript that appeared to be 0.5 kb shorter than the transcript of the pancreatic enzyme (2.2 kb). From the sequence of the transcript thus obtained, a protein with a molecular mass of 62 kDa might be predicted, which is in good agreement with the size of the isoform of BSDL immunodetected in HepG2 cells. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence, deduced from the 1.7-kb transcript sequence, matched that of the pancreatic BSDL. However, the C-terminal domain appeared truncated, bearing only a single mucin-like sequence compared with sixteen for the human pancreatic BSDL. The actual intracellular function of this human BSDL hepatoma isoform remains to be elucidated.
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Fard, Omid S., and Ali V. Kamyad. "A linear numerical scheme for nonlinear BSDEs with uniformly continuous coefficients." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2004, no. 6 (2004): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110757x04401168.

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We attempt to present a new numerical approach to solve nonlinear backward stochastic differential equations. First, we present some definitions and theorems to obtain the condition, from which we can approximate the nonlinear term of the backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) and we get a continuous piecewise linear BSDE corresponding to the original BSDE. We use the relationship between backward stochastic differential equations and stochastic controls by interpreting BSDEs as some stochastic optimal control problems to solve the approximated BSDE and we prove that the approximated solution converges to the exact solution of the original nonlinear BSDE.
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PASQUALINI, Eric, Nathalie CAILLOL, Anne VALETTE, Roland LLOUBES, Alain VERINE, and Dominique LOMBARDO. "Phosphorylation of the rat pancreatic bile-salt-dependent lipase by casein kinase II is essential for secretion." Biochemical Journal 345, no. 1 (December 17, 1999): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3450121.

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Bile-salt-dependent lipase (BSDL, EC 3.1.1.-) is an enzyme expressed by the pancreatic acinar cells and secreted as a component of the pancreatic juice of all examined species. During its secretion route BSDL is associated with intracellular membranes. This association allows the complete glycosylation of the enzyme or participates in the inhibition of the enzyme activity, which can deleterious for the acinar pancreatic cell. Thereafter, the human BSDL is phosphorylated by a serine/threonine protein kinase and released from intracellular membranes. In the present study, we show that the rat pancreatic BSDL, expressed by AR4-2J cells used as a model, is phosphorylated by a protein kinase that is insensitive to inhibitors of protein kinases A, C or G and that the phosphorylation process is favoured by okadaic acid (an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A). However, 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), which is a specific inhibitor of casein kinase II, abolishes the phosphorylation in vitro of BSDL within micro- somes of AR4-2J pancreatic cells. We showed further that the α-subunit of casein kinase II co-locates with BSDL within the lumenal compartment of the Golgi. Genistein, which perturbs the trans-Golgi network, also inhibits the phosphorylation of BSDL, suggesting that this post-translational modification of BSDL probably occurred within this cell compartment. The inhibition of the phosphorylation of BSDL by DRB also decreases the rate at which the enzyme is secreted. Under the same conditions, the rate of α-amylase secretion was not modified. These data strongly suggest that phosphorylation is a post-translational event, which appears to be essential for the secretion of BSDL.
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36

Bruneau, Nadine, Stéphane Richard, Françoise Silvy, Alain Verine, and Dominique Lombardo. "Lectin-like Ox-LDL Receptor Is Expressed in Human INT-407 Intestinal Cells: Involvement in the Transcytosis of Pancreatic Bile Salt–dependent Lipase." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 7 (July 2003): 2861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-08-0544.

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We have recently shown that the pancreatic bile salt–dependent lipase (BSDL) can be taken up by intestinal cells and transported to the blood circulation. This mechanism likely involves (specific) receptor(s) able to bind BSDL and located at the apical intestinal cell membrane. In this study, using Int407 human intestinal cells cultured to form a tight epithelium, we attempted to characterize (the) BSDL receptor(s). We found that an apical 50-kDa protein was able to bind BSDL. Further, we have demonstrated that Int407 cells expressed the lectin-like oxidized-LDL receptor (LOX-1), the upregulation of which by oxidized-LDL potentiates the transcytosis of BSDL, whereas carrageenan and to a lesser extent polyinosinic acid and fucoidan decrease the enzyme transcytosis. The mAb JTX92, which blocks the LOX-1 receptor function, also impaired the BSDL transcytosis. To confirm these results, the cDNA encoding the human intestinal receptor LOX-1 has been cloned, inserted into vectors, and transfected into Int407 cells. Overexpression of LOX-1 by these cells leads to a substantial increase in the BSDL transcytosis. Globally, these data support the view that LOX-1 could be an intestinal receptor for BSDL, which is implicated in the transcytosis of this enzyme throughout Int407 cells.
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Zhang, Hua, Yanyan Zhang, Xintian Wang, Qisen Xiang, Yanhong Bai, Suyun Li, and Lixin Yang. "Effects of Bamboo Shoot Dietary Fiber on Mechanical Properties, Moisture Distribution, and Microstructure of Frozen Dough." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4513410.

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In this paper, the effects of Bamboo shoot dietary fiber (BSDF) on the mechanical properties, moisture distribution, and microstructure of frozen dough were investigated. The state and distribution of water in frozen dough was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LNMR) spectroscopy. The microstructure of frozen dough was studied. The structure of the gluten protein network found in wheat flour dough was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that the BSDF could significantly improve the viscoelasticity and extensibility of frozen dough after thawing in a dose-dependent manner. It was significantly improved with the increase in the addition amount of BSDF (P<0.05). DSC analysis showed that the freezable water content and thermal stability of frozen dough were increased after the addition of BSDF. LNMR analysis showed that the appropriate (<0.1%) addition amount of BSDF could significantly (P<0.05) decline the contents of bound water. Meanwhile, the loose bound water and free water were raised significantly (P<0.05) after the addition of BSDF. Moreover, the addition of BSDF induces arrangement of starch granule and gluten network in frozen dough. BSDF can be used as a novel quality improver of frozen dough.
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38

Bego, Mariana G., Lijun Cong, Katharina Mack, Frank Kirchhoff, and Éric A. Cohen. "Differential Control of BST2 Restriction and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Antiviral Response by Antagonists Encoded by HIV-1 Group M and O Strains." Journal of Virology 90, no. 22 (August 31, 2016): 10236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01131-16.

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ABSTRACT BST2/tetherin is a type I interferon (IFN-I)-stimulated host factor that restricts the release of HIV-1 by entrapping budding virions at the cell surface. This membrane-associated protein can also engage and activate the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-specific immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT7) inhibitory receptor to downregulate the IFN-I response by pDCs. Pandemic HIV-1 group M uses Vpu (M-Vpu) to counteract the two BST2 isoforms (long and short) that are expressed in human cells. M-Vpu efficiently downregulates surface long BST2, while it displaces short BST2 molecules away from viral assembly sites. We recently found that this attribute is used by M-Vpu to activate the BST2/ILT7-dependent negative-feedback pathway and to suppress pDC IFN-I responses during sensing of infected cells. However, whether this property is conserved in endemic HIV-1 group O, which has evolved Nef (O-Nef) to counteract specifically the long BST2 isoform, remains unknown. In the present study, we validated that O-Nefs have the capacity to downregulate surface BST2 and enhance HIV-1 particle release although less efficiently than M-Vpu. In contrast to M-Vpu, O-Nef did not efficiently enhance viral spread in T cell culture or displace short BST2 from viral assembly sites to prevent its occlusion by tethered HIV-1 particles. Consequently, O-Nef impairs the ability of BST2 to activate negative ILT7 signaling to suppress the IFN-I response by pDC-containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during sensing of infected cells. These distinctive features of BST2 counteraction by O-Nefs may in part explain the limited spread of HIV-1 group O in the human population. IMPORTANCE The geographical distributions and prevalences of different HIV-1 groups show large variations. Understanding drivers of distinctive viral spread may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for controlling the spread of HIV-1 pandemic strains. The differential spread of HIV-1 groups appears to be linked to their capacities to antagonize the long and short isoforms of the BST2 restriction factor. We found that the endemic HIV-1 group O-encoded BST2 antagonist Nef is unable to counteract the restriction mediated by short BST2, a condition that impairs its ability to activate ILT7 and suppress pDC antiviral responses. This is in contrast to the pandemic HIV-1 group M-specified BST2 countermeasure Vpu, which displays a diverse array of mechanisms to counteract short and long BST2 isoforms, an attribute that allows the effective control of pDC antiviral responses. These findings may help explain the limited spread of HIV-1 group O as well as the continued predominance of HIV-1 group M throughout the world.
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39

HEYNE, GREGOR, MICHAEL KUPPER, and LUDOVIC TANGPI. "PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION UNDER NONLINEAR UTILITY." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 19, no. 05 (July 29, 2016): 1650029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024916500291.

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This paper studies the utility maximization problem of an agent with nontrivial endowment, and whose preferences are modeled by the maximal subsolution of a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). We prove existence of an optimal trading strategy and relate our existence result to the existence of a maximal subsolution to a controlled decoupled forward–BSDE (FBSDE). Using BSDE duality, we show that the utility maximization problem can be seen as a robust control problem admitting a saddle point if the generator of the BSDE additionally satisfies a specific growth condition. We show by convex duality that any saddle point of the robust control problem agrees with a primal and a dual optimizer of the utility maximization problem, and can be characterized in terms of a BSDE solution.
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40

Beckman, Paul. "Testing a Biological Weapon Detection System in a Distributed Virtual Reality Environment." International Journal of Virtual Reality 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2001.5.1.2666.

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A study called Bio-Sim was sponsored by the U.S. Army to examine the LR-BSDS (Long-Range Biological Standoff Detection System), a laser-based biological cloud detector. Testing of the device was performed in a distributed virtual reality environment (DVRE). The three primary objectives of the study were to: 1) determine appropriate tactics, techniques, and procedures for use of the LR-BSDS, 2) gain a better understanding of those battlefield situations and characteristics that limit the effective use of the LR-BSDS, and 3) demonstrate the potential to use a DVRE simulation for training using the LR-BSDS. This paper will focus on the third of those objectives. The study consisted of three phases. The first phase involved calculating theoretical concentration limits of a dispersed biohazard as a function of time, dispersion concentration, and distance to sensor. The second phase resulted in a set of abbreviated bio-cloud detection missions run in a DVRE. The third phase was a set of full-length human-in-the-loop trial missions run by trained LR-BSDS operators and helicopter flight crews, using a DVRE and computer-based simulators for the LR-BSDS, helicopter, biocloud dispersion, and bio-cloud transport.
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41

Whittington, Niteace. "2015 BSDB Spring Meeting report." Developmental Biology 403, no. 1 (July 2015): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.05.016.

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42

Sikora, M., J. I. Sulkowska, B. S. Witkowski, and M. Cieplak. "BSDB: the biomolecule stretching database." Nucleic Acids Research 39, Database (October 6, 2010): D443—D450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq851.

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43

Hassani, Mohammed, and Youssef Ouknine. "Infinite dimensional BSDE with jumps." Stochastic Analysis and Applications 20, no. 3 (January 1, 2002): 519–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sap-120004114.

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44

Hassani, M., and Y. Ouknine. "Reflected BSDE and Reflected PDIE." Stochastic Analysis and Applications 22, no. 3 (January 2004): 559–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sap-120030446.

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45

Brakmo, Lawrence S., and Larry L. Peterson. "Performance problems in BSD4. 4TCP." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 25, no. 5 (October 1995): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/216701.216706.

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46

吴, 和林. "Constraint BSDE for Stopping Game." Advances in Applied Mathematics 07, no. 06 (2018): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aam.2018.76087.

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47

Ji, Ting, Bixue Zhu, Jie Zhao, Wenjie Yu, and Xuefeng Wang. "Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations of BSe2 and BSe2–: The Pseudo-Jahn–Teller Effect." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 125, no. 17 (April 23, 2021): 3606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01345.

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48

Mas, E., N. Abouakil, S. Roudani, F. Miralles, O. Guy-Crotte, C. Figarella, M. J. Escribano, and D. Lombardo. "Human fetoacinar pancreatic protein: an oncofetal glycoform of the normally secreted pancreatic bile-salt-dependent lipase." Biochemical Journal 289, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2890609.

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A fetoacinar pancreatic protein (FAP) associated with the ontogenesis, differentiation and oncogenic transformation of the human exocrine pancreas has been purified from pancreatic juices of patients suffering from pancreatitis or duodenal cancers invading the pancreas [Escribano and Imperial (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 21865-21871]. This protein has striking similarities, i.e. M(r), amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence, to the bile-salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) of normal human pancreatic secretion. The aim of this study was to gain further insight into the nature of the two proteins. Reactivity with the mouse monoclonal antibody J28 (mAb J28), which characterizes FAP, and enzyme activity could not be dissociated during biochemical purification of BSDL. Furthermore, a polyclonal antiserum raised against purified human BSDL reacted completely with FAP in Western-blot analysis giving additional support to the idea of similar molecular structures for BSDL and FAP. However, by the same technique, mAb J28 reacted with a relatively restricted population of BSDL molecules. The classical BSDL preparation could be separated into molecules bearing the J28 epitope and those devoid of it by immunoaffinity on immobilized mAb J28. The two subpopulations had identical N-terminal sequences and some differences in their amino acid compositions. However, they had different carbohydrate compositions. J28-epitope-bearing molecules were active on BSDL substrates, although their specific activity was decreased. These results are consistent with the existence of two closely related polypeptide chains with different glycan counterparts. Therefore, if the name FAP is reserved for molecules bearing the J28 epitope, which is linked to a carbohydrate-dependent structure. FAP could represent an oncofetal-related variant of BSDL. Our result is the first demonstration of the existence of an oncofetal-type subpopulation of an otherwise normally secreted human pancreatic enzyme.
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Kromer, Eduard, Ludger Overbeck, and Jasmin A. L. Röder. "Path-dependent BSDEs with jumps and their connection to PPIDEs." Stochastics and Dynamics 17, no. 05 (October 14, 2016): 1750036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493717500368.

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We study path-dependent backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) with jumps. In this context path-dependence of a BSDE is the dependence of the BSDE-terminal condition and the BSDE-generator of a path of a càdlàg process. We study the path-differentiability of BSDEs of this type and establish a connection to path-dependent PIDEs in terms of the existence of a viscosity solution and the respective Feynman–Kac theorem.
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Chiang, Sum-Fu, Chih-Yen Kan, Yung-Chin Hsiao, Reiping Tang, Ling-Ling Hsieh, Jy-Ming Chiang, Wen-Sy Tsai, et al. "Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2 Is a Novel Plasma Biomarker and Prognosticator for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Secretome-Based Verification Study." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/874054.

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Background. The cancer cell secretome has been recognized as a valuable reservoir for identifying novel serum/plasma biomarkers for different cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to verify four CRC cell-secreted proteins (tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2/trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TACSTD2/TROP2), tetraspanin-6 (TSPAN6), bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 (NGFR)) as potential plasma CRC biomarkers.Methods. The study population comprises 152 CRC patients and 152 controls. Target protein levels in plasma and tissue samples were assessed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results. Among the four candidate proteins examined by ELISA in a small sample set, only BST2 showed significantly elevated plasma levels in CRC patients versus controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the overexpression of BST2 in CRC tissues, and higher BST2 expression levels correlated with poorer 5-year survival (46.47% versus 65.57%;p=0.044). Further verification confirmed the elevated plasma BST2 levels in CRC patients (2.35 ± 0.13 ng/mL) versus controls (1.04 ± 0.03 ng/mL) (p<0.01), with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) being 0.858 comparable to that of CEA (0.867).Conclusion. BST2, a membrane protein selectively detected in CRC cell secretome, may be a novel plasma biomarker and prognosticator for CRC.
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