Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bsd2'
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Sawers, Ruairidh J. H. "Functional analysis of bundle sheath defective2." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342541.
Full textde, Mesa Krystle Elaine. "BSDF acquisition and analysis of paper." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1477132.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed June 17, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-43).
Liu, Zhiwei. "The BSD Socket API for Simulator." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2349.
Full textPapas, Marios. "A physically-based BSDF for modeling the appearance of paper." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1477133.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed June 23, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-49).
Piñol, Piñol Oriol. "Implementation and Evaluation of BSD Elliptic Curve Cryptography." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176839.
Full textBydell, Sofie. "Extension of the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 with a model for chemical precipitation of phosphorus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Reglerteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203454.
Full textSverige har idag drygt 2000 reningsverk. Reningsverkens utsläpp av kväve och fosfor bidrar dagligen till övergödning i Östersjön och därtill anslutna vattendrag. För att minska utsläpp av fosfor har i Sverige sedan mitten på 1960-talet kemisk fällning använts. Idag används programvara för att testa och utvärdera olika strategier i reningsverken, detta med syftet att förbättra driften och få en helhetsbild över processen. En av dessa modeller är Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2 (BSM2). För att simuleringsprogram ska ge en så bra bild som möjligt av verkligheten är det viktigt att de beskriver processen, i detta fall avloppsvattenrening, på ett bra sätt. BSM2 tar i dagsläget inte hänsyn till belastningen av fosfor, om fosfor inkluderades i modellen skulle det beskriva processen bättre. I detta examensarbete, har författaren undersökt möjligheten att utvidga BSM2, till att inkludera fosfor och kemisk fällning i modellen. Resultaten erhållna från modellen har därefter jämförts med mätdata från Henriksdals reningsverk i Stockholm. Resultatet visade att en modell för fosfor och kemisk fällning kunde, efter vissa förenklingar, inkluderas i BSM2. I modellen användes förfällning och fällningskemikalier tillsattes med hjälp av en PI regulator. Generellt visade resultaten att modellen hade förmåga att beskriva det totala flödet av fosfor i reningsverket. I mätningarna från Henriksdal var medelvärdet på total fosfor ut från försedimenteringen 3,97 mg/l och från eftersedimenteringen 0,43 mg/l. Från en steady state simulering i BSM2 blev värdena 4,26 och 0,44 mg/l och medelvärdena från en dynamisk simulering 3,96 och 0,46 mg/l. Även om medelvärdena på totalfosfor stämmer relativt bra överens, fann man det svårt att simulera olika fraktioner av fosfor ut från eftersedimenteringen. För att bättre kunna bedöma resultatet och hur förenklingar i modellen påverkar resultatet behöver flera mätningar göras och jämföras med modellens resultat. En justering av parametrar i BSM2 måste även göras, detta för att anpassa modellen till det givna avloppsreningsverket bättre.
Development and dynamic analysis of operational strategies for enhanced energy efficiency of wastewater treatment systems
Andreani, Anna. "Conception d’un dispositif de mesure de BSDF pour l’éco-conception de bâtiments." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET003.
Full textIn a context of increasing scarcity of primary energy, it is necessary to work to reduce energy consumption related to lighting in buildings while ensuring that occupants enjoy good visual comfort. Physical-realistic simulation using light simulation software is a tool for evaluating various variants of a building. It can be used in multi-criteria optimization approaches with a view to deploying decision-support systems designed to identify the best possible trade-offs between energy consumption and user comfort. Insofar as the optical properties of building materials (opaque, transparent, coloured, isotropic, anisotropic and with textures or micro-reliefs) are an input to light simulation software, their characterization is an essential prerequisite for the implementation of this eco-design approach for buildings. The optical properties of materials are described by the mathematical formalism of the BSDF (Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function) and can be integrated into most light simulation software in the form of analytical models or tabulated measurements. Widely used analytical models can be used to characterize optically simple materials but are difficult to extend to more complex materials. Moreover, no device currently exists that can finely characterise the full range of materials in a building in an operational time frame using tabulated measurements. Therefore, the aim of this thesis work is to design a device for the fast and accurate measurement of the optical characteristics of materials for the physico-realistic simulation of buildings. A first measuring device has been designed and has shown the feasibility of operating an instrument equipped with multi-sensors as a detector. It identified the pitfalls to be avoided as well as the obstacles to be circumvented for the design of a second, more operational measuring device with increased capabilities. Based on an instrument equipped with multi-sensors and a computer-controlled positioning system, it allows the measurement of the optical properties of the building's constituent materials in an operational context. The raw data acquisition and processing phases are supervised by computer. The duration of the measurements ranges from 5 minutes 40 seconds to 3 hours 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Their average repeatability is 97.88%
Fatehi, Daryoush. "Technical Quality of Deep Hyperthermia Using the BSD-2000." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10546.
Full textJing, Shuai. "Some applications of BSDE theory : fractional BDSDEs and regularity properties of Integro-PDEs." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2040.
Full textIn the first part of my thesis, by adapting the idea of Jien and Ma (2010), the main objective is to study the (semilinear or linear) doubly stochastic differential equations driven by a standard Brownian motion and an independent fractional Brownian motion, as well as the associated stochastic partial differential equations driven by the fractional Brownian motion. For the semilinear case, which is composed by a paper in collaboration with Jorge A. Leόn (CINVESTAV, Mexico), we use the Malliavin calculus in the frame of fractional Brownian motion and the anticipative Girsanov transformation. For the nonlinear case, we apply the Doss-Sussmann transformation. In the second part we study the regularity properties, i. E. , the joint Lipschitz continuity and the joint semiconcavity, of the viscosity solution of a general class of non local integro-partial differential equations of the type of Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman. For this end we employ the stochastic interpretation by a controlled backward stochastic differential equation with jumps, by applying the time change for the Brownian motion and Kulik’s transformation for the Poisson random measure. Our work is the generalization of the works by Buckdahn, Cannarsa and Quincampoix (2010) as well as Buckdahn, Huang and Li (2011)
COSTA, Adriana Barbosa da. "Desenvolvimento de Metamodelos Kriging e otimização de uma planta de tratamento de efluentes (BSM2)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/279.
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Um constante estudo para o tratamento de águas residuais e descarte de efluentes é necessário a fim de lidar com normas cada vez mais rígidas nesse âmbito. As estações de tratamento de águas residuais podem ser consideradas sistemas altamente não-lineares, devido a existência de perturbações, bem como a interação de um número considerável de variáveis do processo. Neste contexto, o estudo, otimização e controle dessas plantas são essenciais para o bom funcionamento do processo em atenção às exigências. Vários métodos de otimização são propostos na literatura, e suas implementações em aplicações de engenharia podem ser significativamente melhoradas pelo uso de metamodelos representando o modelo rigoroso do processo a partir de dados computacionais. O presente trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de metamodelos, pela aplicação do modelo Kriging, para um processo de tratamento de águas residuais. Para tal, são realizadas as etapas de amostragem de pontos, por meio do Latin Hypercube Sampling, estimação dos parâmetros e validação. A metodologia proposta baseiase na geração de dados computacionais por meio do modelo rigoroso para o Benchmark Simulation Model N°2, implementado no Simulink®, e na otimização do processo utilizando os metamodelos Kriging. Estes modelos obtidos através de dados de processo rigoroso mostram uma alta precisão e minimização do esforço computacional para o processo de otimização. A Programação Quadrática Seqüencial e o Algoritmo Genético são utilizados para a tarefa de otimização, bem como a geração do modelo de Otimização em Tempo Real. Os resultados obtidos no modelo de referência demonstram a potencialidade da metodologia proposta para minimizar o custo do processo enquanto obedecem as restrições do efluente para as águas residuais tratadas.
A continuous study for improving the treatment of wastewater and the effluent disposal is necessary in order to deal with increasingly stringent environmental laws in this field. Wastewater treatment plants can be considered as highly non-linear systems, due to the existing disturbances as well as the interaction of a considerable number of process variables. In such a context, the study, optimization and control of these plants are essential for the proper operation of the process with respect to requirements. Several optimization methods are proposed in the literature and, their implementation for engineering applications can be significantly improved by the use of metamodels representing the rigorous model of the process starting from computational data. The present work deals with the development of metamodels, such as the Kriging model, a wastewater treatment process. To this end, the steps of data sampling, through Latin Hypercube Sampling, parameter estimation and validation are performed. The proposed methodology is based on the generation of computational data through the rigorous model of the Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2, implemented in Simulink®, and the optimization of the process using of the Kriging metamodels. These models obtained through the rigorous process data show a high accuracy and the computational effort of the optimization methods. The Sequential Quadratic Programming and Genetic Algorithm are used for the optimization task, as well as the generation of the Real Time Optimization model. The achieved results on benchmark model demonstrate the potentiality of the proposed methodology, to minimize the process cost while obeying the effluent restrictions of the treated wastewater.
Bergkvist, Sophie. "Rejektvattenbehandlingens inverkan på kvävereduktionen vid Arboga reningsverk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181029.
Full textEutrophication problems were discovered in the Baltic Sea during the 1990s, why thesurrounding countries came to an agreement regarding measures to reduce the problem. Swedish wastewater treatment plants that influence the Baltic Sea by their emissions ofnitrogen and phosphorus have since introduced limit values for nitrogen and phosphorusconcentrations in the effluent water.At Arboga wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) a nitrogen reduction process withactive sludge was implemented a few years back. The recipient Arbogaån leading intoGalten, Mälaren, has eutrophication issues, and from the year 2012 the concentration oftotal nitrogen in treated wastewater must not exceed 15 mg tot-N/l. This limit resulted inmeasures to reduce nitrogen emissions.Reject water treatment is a common method to reduce the levels of total nitrogen intreated wastewater. Normally, the reject water contributes to 0.5–1.0 % of the totalinflow to the treatment plant but 10–20 % of the incoming total nitrogen load. In Arboga, the new limit for total nitrogen emissions resulted in a reject water treatmentfacility with predenitrification. The reject water is routed through four zones, twoanaerobic followed by two aerobic. Ammonium is by this process converted in to nitrogen gas via nitrate. This study aimed at identifying the effect from what implementing a reject watertreatment on the levels of total nitrogen in treated wastewater from Arboga WWTP.This included simulations in the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 (BSM2) as well aswater sampling at Arboga WWTP. The simulations that were carried out in BSM2 showed a significantly lower content of total nitrogen in treated wastewater after thereject water treatment was implemented. The sampling cycle conducted at ArbogaWWTP in April 2012 revealed that changes occurred in the levels of total nitrogen andammonium in the effluent water. The concentrations of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in treated wastewater decreased by about 40 % and 65 %, compared to thesame time period in 2008–2011. This is, however, only results from the initial stage ofthe reject water treatment, which began operating on February 16th 2012.In summary, this study showed that this type of process solution for reject watertreatment resulted in lower levels of total nitrogen and ammonia in the effluent water at Arboga WWTP. Further studies are needed to determine the final efficiency of the rejectwater treatment, since it yet has to reach its full capacity.
Erikstam, Stefan. "Modellering av koldioxidavtrycket för Käppalaverket med framtida processlösning för skärpta reningskrav : Modeling the carbon footprint of Käppala WWTP due to more stringent discharge limits." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198570.
Full textIn accordance with the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) and the EU water framework directive the Käppala waste water treatment plant (WWTP) could face more stringent discharge limits for phosphorous and nitrogen. To meet these limits Käppala has to change the treatment process, for example implement pre-precipitation and post-denitrification. The effect of more stringent discharge limits on the carbon footprint has not been studied at Käppala WWTP and will be studied in this report. In 2011 a static summary of the carbon footprint was made and serves as a reference for modeling. The evaluation showed that the total carbon footprint of Käppala was approximately 16 kg CO2/pe, yr. At the Rya WWTP in Gothenburg a similar study indicated a carbon footprint of 0 kg CO2/pe, yr. The difference between Käppala WWTP and Rya WWTP is explained by the large nitrous oxide emission from the activated sludge process at Käppala WWTP. During autumn 2012 the nitrous oxide emission was measured in one treatment line at Käppala, in order to get a standard value to use in the model. The measurements showed that 1.7 % of the removed nitrogen was emitted as nitrous oxide gas. An existing model, Benchmark Simulation Model no.2 (BSM2), was extended to model the effect on the carbon footprint with a future process configuration due to more stringent discharge limits. Every process that affects the carbon footprint was described by equations to simulate the emissions from the different treatment processes regarding energy consumption, chemical consumption and transport. In order to meet the new demands, current biological and chemical water treatment with pre- denitrification and simultaneous precipitation was substituted with combined pre and post denitrification and pre precipitation. The calibration of the model was made for two periods in 2011. When the suggested process configuration, with post-denitrification and pre-precipitation, was implemented it showed that the pre- precipitation increased the production of biogas and therefore decreased the carbon footprint. However, the increased nitrous oxide emission and the increased energy consumption due to the more stringent limits resulted in an increased footprint. A simulation of existing and future process configuration showed that the total footprint would increase from approximately 14 kg CO2/pe, year to 26 kg CO2/pe, year. The cost for the extra nitrogen removal would increase from 2.5 kg CO2/NRED to 4.2 kg CO2/NRED. The simulations showed that more stringent limits and increased load from 440 000 pe to 700 000 pe could be met at “normal” flow. At wet weather flow however, the process became unstable with high concentrations of effluent organic nitrogen as a result. A big question for the industry is the design of these new limits for phosphorous and nitrogen. It is of great importance whether the new limits are based on a yearly or monthly average.
Ng, Steve Chi Ho. "On implementing the ISO virtual terminal protocol for a UNIX 4.2 BSD environment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28292.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
Lemaître, Cécile. "Virologie moléculaire d'un rétrovirus endogène humain fonctionnel." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC329/document.
Full textHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERV) represent about 8% of our genomic content. HERV-K(HML2) betaretroviral family is one of the most active in humans. Although it entered 45 million years ago in the primate genomes, its members have amplified quite recently despite the existence of restriction factors, which are host proteins blocking viral replication in cells. Tetherin/BST2 is one of them and acts by keeping the viral particles attached to the cell surface. It targets most enveloped viruses tested so far including HERV-K(HML2). We show that the envelope protein (Env) of HML2 family is an antagonist of Tetherin retriction, property that probably helped the endogenous retrovirus to efficiently amplify in the genomes. We mapped several domains required for antagonism : the surface subunit of Env (SU), which interacts with Tetherin, and the transmembrane. We also show that the cytoplasmic tail is dispensable for counteraction. Similar to Ebola glycoprotein, HERV-K(HML2) Env does not mediate Tetherin degradation or cell surface removal; therefore, it uses a yet-undescribed mechanism to inactivate the restriction factor. Due to their recent amplification, HERV-K(HML2) elements are extremely polymorphic in the human population, and it is likely that individuals will not all possess the same anti-Tetherin potential. This could have functional consequences in pathologies where HERV-K(HML2) is specifically induced. Among them, melanomas, breast cancers and germ line tumors display a strong association with HML2 Env expression, that we wanted to better analyse. We first show that Env expression in a model of epithelial human breast cancer cells induces the so-called EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition), critical for cancer progression and the process of metastasis. This includes enhanced migratory capacities (shown by transwell assays), changes in cell morphology and characteristic modifications in a set of molecular markers (e.g. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin). Microarray experiments performed in 293T cells revealed that HERV-K(HML2) Env is a strong inducer of several transcription factors, namely ETV4, ETVS and EGRI, which have been associated with cellular transformation. Importantly, we also show that HERV-K(HML2) Env activates the MAP kinase pathway via ERK 1/2, key player in numerous cancers. This induction occurs upstream of the kinase Raf and involves the cytoplasmic tail of HERV-K(HML2) Env. In addition, this phenomenon is very specific, being absent with every other Env tested, except for JSRV Env which is already known to have transforming properties in vivo
Min, Ming. "Numerical Methods for European Option Pricing with BSDEs." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1169.
Full textBouarab, Amine. "Traitement en ligne des eaux pluviales en zone urbaine dense." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0129/document.
Full textAn online urban storm-water treatment system has been studied in this work. This system is able to treat the runoff from a highly impervious watershed (Boudonville) in Greater Nancy (North-East of France). It has a capacity of 7000 cubic meters. Some storage tanks are existing in the watershed. The treated water is discharged into the Meurthe River, while the sludge is treated in the Greater Nancy wastewater treatment plant in Maxéville.The strategy adopted in this work allowed for the consideration of the treat ment system from several angles:• first of all, the system is analyzed through its elementary components (sand removal unit, reagents injection and reactors for flocculation-coagulation and clarifiers): this has been done by observing the variations in water quality at the different treatment levels with online instrumentation. This has been completed with an offline characterization.• the flocculation-coagulation section, which was not yet operational during our work, was studied in the laboratory by jar tests. The water to be treated was sampled from the Boudonville watershed to be close to the conditions that should be observed in the Charles Keller treatment system.• finally the stormwater treatment was simulated as part of a full storm-water management system (watershed-Charles Keller treatment system-wastewater treatment plant).• The results that were obtained showed in the one hand the complexity of using such a treatment system in real-life conditions, especially with a coagulation / flocculation part to it, which has some conceptual issues
Goh, Mei Jean. "On implementing the ISO File Transfer, Access and Management protocol for a UNIX 4.2 BSD environment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26263.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
Frémont, Stéphane. "La protéine Bécline-1 : Son rôle dans le maintien de l’intégrité du génome et au cours du cycle de réplication du VIH-1." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T010.
Full textHIV-1, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, is an intracellular pathogen whose replication cycle entirely depends on cellular machineries. Interactions between the viral and cellular proteins are therefore essential to the completion of each step of HIV-1's multiplication cycle. Understanding how the HIV-1 virus uses the cellular machinery to its own benefit is a key element to combat it. The objective of my thesis work was to explore the role of the Beclin-1 protein in the formation and the release of viral particles. This protein, a component of the phosphatydylinositol-3-Phosphate-kinase III (PI3K-III) complex, is involved in autophagy, intracellular trafficking and cytokinesis. Throughout my thesis researches, we have developed the RNA interference tools in order to decipher the role of Beclin-1 in HIV-1's replicative cycle. Very interestingly, we have found out a new role of Beclin-1 in the early stages of mitosis which had never been described nor published before. A bad execution of mitosis induces genomic instability which can lead to cell death or malignant transformation. During this thesis work, we have demonstrated that the extinction of Beclin-1 causes a defect in the attachment of chromosomes to microtubules through their kinetochores, leading to the locking of cells in prometaphase. This extinction provokes a defect in the organization of the kinetochore by diminishing the recruitment of the CENP-E, CENP-F and ZW10 proteins at the level of this protein structure. We have also found out that there is a direct interaction between Beclin-1 and Zwint-1, a protein of the kinetochore that plays an essential role in the attachment of the kinetochores to the microtubules. Finally, we have demonstrated that this new role of Beclin-1 in the alignment of the chromosomes during mitosis is independent of both its association with its partners from the PI3K-III complex and its role in autophagy. The second strand of my thesis dealt with the role of Beclin-1 in the virus replicative cycle. Our results show that this protein is essential to the setting up of the late phases of the viral cycle. Our experiments of viral production have shown that the extinction of Beclin-1 causes a high accumulation of the by-products of the virus' Gag protein in the cells, and reduces the release of viral particles in the extracellular medium. By immunofluorescence, we detected a massive accumulation of viral components on the membrane as a result of the extinction of Beclin-1 in the cells. Besides, these results depend on the expression of the BST2 restriction factor in the cell. These latter results open up significant prospects regarding the role of Beclin-1 and that of the PI3K-III complex in HIV-1's replication cycle. All these researches demonstrate the importance of the Beclin-1 protein in two mechanisms that allow the maintenance of genomic integrity during mitosis and the HIV-1 replication cycle
Orloski, Renata Villela. "Difração Bragg-Superficie (BSD) : uma sonda de alta resolução para o estudo da implantação de íons em semicondutores." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278176.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin"
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, a difração Bragg-Superfície (BSD), um caso especial da difração múltipla de raios-X, foi usada como uma microssonda de superfície com resolução para a detecção de defeitos originados próximos da interface cristal-amorfo (c-a) em junções rasas de B em Si, e uma nova técnica de caracterização de semicondutores (GaAs) submetidos à implantação com íons de Si. A varredura Renninger é o registro da intensidade de raios-X difratada pelos planos, normalmente paralelos à superfície de um monocristal, em função da rotação ö em torno da normal à esses planos. Ela exibe picos como contribuições da rede da matriz, e no nosso caso, se o feixe difratado propaga-se paralelamente aos planos, os picos são chamados de difração Bragg-Superfície (BSD), e mostrou-se, pela primeira vez, que essa difração carrega informações sobre a interface c-a. Contribuições da região implantada nas junções rasas, detectadas na varredura para a rede da matriz (picos híbridos), permitiram determinar a presença de Si intersticial, responsável pela difusão do B, e estimar a profundidade da junção de B em Si pré-amorfizado com íons de F, confirmando resultado encontrado por espectroscopia de massa de íons secundários (SIMS). O estudo do efeito da energia e densidade de corrente de implantação, e da energia térmica conduziu às melhores condições para a otimização do processo de recristalização da rede e difusão do dopante, visando a obtenção das junções rasas. Já o mapeamento da condição de difração dos picos BSD foi importante na observação direta da recristalização e difusão do dopante. Parâmetros de rede e perfeição cristalina foram determinados na superfície da matriz GaAs(001) com dfiração múltipla e a simulação dos picos BSD mostrou que menores doses de implantação de íons Si causam os maiores defeitos no plano da superfície do GaAs, o que não acontece com as altas doses pelo efeito da intensa amorfização próximo à interface c-a. O mapeamento dos casos BSD mostraram sensibilidade suficiente para a detecção da formação da região implantada em função da dose nas amostras de GaAs implantadas com Si
Abstract: In this work, the Bragg-Surface Diffraction (BSD), a special case of the X-ray Multiple Diffraction, was used as a surface microprobe with resolution to detect the defects created close to the crystal-amorphous (c-a) interface in shallow junctions of B in Si, as well as a novel technique for characterization of semiconductors (GaAs) under Si ions implantation. Renninger scan is the record of the X-ray intensity diffracted by the planes, normally parallel to the single crystal surface, as a function of the ö rotation around the normal to these planes. It exhibits peaks as matrix lattice contributions and, in our case, if the diffracted beam is propagated along the planes, the peaks are called Bragg-Surface Diffraction (BSD) and, one has shown, by the first time, that this diffraction carries information on the c-a interface. Contributions from the shallow junction implanted regions, detected in the matrix lattice scan (hybrid peaks), allowed to determine the presence of interstitial Si, that is responsible for the B diffusion, and to estimate the B junction depth in Si pre-amorphizied by F ions. This result confirms that found by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). The study of the effect of the energy and implantation current density as well as the thermal energy allowed to determine the best conditions for the optimization of the doping diffusion and lattice recrystallization process, aiming to the shallow junction preparation. On the other hand, the mapping of the BSD peak diffraction condition gave rise to the direct observation of both processes (recrystallization and diffusion). Lattice parameters and crystalline perfection were determined on the GaAs(001) matrix surface by using Multiple Diffraction and the BSD peak simulation has shown that low implantation doses of Si ions has caused strongest damages on the GaAS surface plane. To the contrary, in high doses this effect is strongly reduced by the intense amorphization close to the c-a interface. The BSD mappings have shown enough sensitivity to detect the implanted region formation as a function of the Si implantation dose in GaAs samples
Doutorado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Doutor em Ciências
Roes, Claas Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Willbold, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] König. "Structural investigation of the interaction of the human BST2 with the HIV-1 Virus protein U / Claas Roes. Gutachter: Dieter Willbold ; Bernd König." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069985880/34.
Full textJúnior, Gilberto Sotto Mayor. "Implementação de uma interface de soquetes padrão Unix BSD 4.2 sobre TCP/IP para microcomputadores do tipo IBM PC." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1991. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1825.
Full textEhrig, Matthias. "Drucken unter Linux." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200000817.
Full textMadjo, Ursula. "Rôle de la protéine LC3C dans les mécanismes déployés par le VIH-1 pour contrer la restriction imposée par BST2/Tetherin sur la production virale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB039.
Full textBST2/Tetherin is a key mediator of the innate immune system that restricts the dissemination of enveloped viruses. This restriction factor impedes the release of de novo formed HIV particles by physically retaining them at the surface of infected cells. The HIV-1 protein Vpu promotes the release of virus by counteracting this restriction. Vpu removes BST2 present at the budding site and downregulates BST2. The mechanisms by which Vpu counteracts BST2 are still not well understood. Recently, we showed that HRS and Rab7A, two regulators of the endocytic and autophagic pathway participates to the mechanism by which Vpu counteracts BST2-mediated restriction on HIV-1 release. Interestingly, these two proteins are also required in the autophagy pathway. Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a highly conserved degradative mechanism that leads to degradation of cytosolic components through the formation of double-membrane vacuoles called autophagosomes that sequester cytosolic material. This process is tightly regulated by the ATG proteins that are hierarchically recruited at the phagophore assembly site to form the autophagosome. Some ATG proteins are additionally involved in non autophagic cell functions involved in maintenance of cell homeostasis and resistance of pathogens. Notably, they participate in microbe clearance through LC3-associated phagocytosis, a process independent of autophagic preinitiation complex in which some ATG proteins directly modify the phagosomal membrane to enhance degradation of phagocytosed elements. The aim of my thesis was to explore if the autophagy pathway or some ATG proteins could be involved in the molecular mechanism by which Vpu counteracts BST2/Tetherin on HIV-1 release. Here, we reveal that the protein LC3C is required in the Vpu-induced antagonism of BST2 restriction. Our results show that only ATG5 and Beclin-1, and not all the components of the autophagy pathway, act with LC3C to favor the counteraction of Vpu on BST2 restriction, and thus enhance HIV-1 release. We report that BST2 and Vpu are present in LC3-positive compartments. We found that Vpu selectively interacts with the ATG8 ortholog, LC3C, through a non-canonical LIR motif by immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays. This motif is required for Vpu to antagonize BST2 restriction. LC3C expression favors the removal of BST2 from HIV-1 budding site, and thus HIV-1 release in BST2 expressing cells. Altogether, our data support the view that Vpu uses a non-canonical autophagy pathway reminiscent of LC3-associated phagocytosis to counteract BST2 restriction
Pacini, Grégory. "Implication des protéines EHD4 et EHD1 dans le cycle de réplication du VIH-1." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB038.
Full textAssembly and egress of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) involve a highly orchestrated series of interactions between proteins encoded by the virus and cellular cofactors, such as regulators of intra-cellular vesicular trafficking. One key challenge for the virus is to overcome several levels of host defence mechanisms to propagate. The cellular protein BST2 (Bone marrow STromal cell antigen-2), also called Tetherin, was recently identified as a cellular restriction factor that retains viral particles at the surface of infected cells, thereby considerably reducing viral release. The accessory protein Vpu encoded by the HIV-1 counteracts this restriction by reducing BST2 expression at the viral budding sites. This process comes along with a diminished global expression of BST2 in the cells. The mechanisms underlying Vpu-mediated BST2 down-regulation at the viral budding sites are not fully understood. Studies performed in the laboratory, along with others published by international research groups, showed that this activity relies on interference with BST2’s intra-cellular trafficking. A deeper caraterization of BST2’s cellular functions and modes of regulation would allow for a better understanding of its role against HIV-1 infection and the viral countermeasures antagonizing its antiviral activity. To this aim, we performed a protemic screening in order to identify new BST2 cofactors. As HIV-1 hijacks the cellular machineries involved in the regulation of vesicular intra-cellular traffcking to promote virion biogenesis and BST2 antagonism, we focused our investigations on two hits belonging to the EHD family (Eps15 Homology Domain) : EHD4 and EHD1. Both proteins are GTPases that regulate the intra-cellular vesicular trafficking, respectively at early and recycling endosomes. EHD4 has previously been involved in the regulation of the biogenesis of infectious HIV-1 viral particles, the underlying mecanisms remaining unclear to date. The goals of the research project constituting my Ph.D were to (i) analyze / validate the implication of EHD4 in the regulation of BST2’s intra-cellular trafficking in a non-infectious context, (ii) decipher the role of EHD4 in the regulation of BST2’s antiviral activity and its Vpu-mediated antagonism, and (iii) assess the invovlment of EHD4 and EHD1 in the replication cycle of HIV-1. We showed here that EHD4 interacts with BST2 and regulates its intra-cellular trafficking at early endosomes in a non-infectious context. EHD4 depletion induces a major alteration of BST2 trafficking, as internalized BST2 seem to be retained at an early endosomal level and unefficiently targeted towards the lysosomal degradation pathway. In the context of HIV-1 infection, EHD4 does not seem to be required in the Vpu-mediated BST2 degradation, nor in the antagonism of BST2’s antiviral activity. Nevertheless, we unveiled a major involvment of both EHD4 and EHD1 in the HIV-1 replication cycle : their respective depletion leads to a severe impairment of viral propagation. EHD4 and EHD1 seem to facilitate an early step of the viral cycle prior to reverse transcription. Moreover, EHD4 and EHD1 participate in the biogenesis of infectious virions : their respective depletion alters the intra-cellular trafficking of viral components, the viral budding sites organization and the incorporation of the viral envelope glycoprotein into nascent particles. Thoses phenotypes combined result in a drastic decrease of the infectivity of virions produced in the absence of either EHD4 or EHD1
Freitas, Hugo Eugênio de 1991. "Difração Bragg-Superfície (BSD) de raios X no estudo do efeito do tratamento térmico em Si(111) implantado com íons Cr+." [s.n.], 2016. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/305749.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-30T18:16:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_HugoEugeniode_M.pdf: 2201633 bytes, checksum: 992e7c3d4fcb71e7f0d75a25eba2bb39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Resumo: No presente trabalho estudou-se a diferença entre dois tratamentos térmicos realizados em amostras de Si(111) implantadas com íons Cr+, utilizando-se a difratometria de raios X para policristais e a refletividade de raios X, assim como, curvas de rocking e difração múltipla de raios X usando radiação sincrotron que são aplicadas aos monocristais. O tratamento térmico posterior das amostras resulta numa melhoria da qualidade cristalina, mas leva à formação de trincas e extensos defeitos, devido à grande diferença na expansão térmica entre siliceto e silício pelas altas tensões induzidas. Portanto, há um grande interesse tecnológico na obtenção de camadas contínuas de alta qualidade com um mínimo de distorções induzidas no substrato. Esta é a motivação do presente trabalho: obter camadas finas de CrSi2 de alta qualidade cristalina na subsuperfície de substratos Si(111) e com o mínimo de deformações na matriz hospedeira usando implantação de íons a baixa energia. Serão explorados dois distintos tipos de tratamentos térmicos: o recozimento tradicional a vácuo em forno do tipo mufla (FA - furnace annealing) e o recozimento térmico rápido (RTA - rapid thermal annealing) em atmosfera de argônio. A formação da fase semicondutora hexagonal do CrSi2 foi confirmada por difratometria de raios X nas amostras tratadas termicamente e mostrou uma melhor qualidade cristalina obtida no recozimento FA. O modelo proposto de uma camada superficial de SiO2 fina (8?2) nm sobre uma ou duas camadas de CrSi2 (21?5) nm acima do substrato de Si(111) foi confirmado, a partir das medidas de refletividade de raios X, que também permitiu observar a maior difusão dos íons de Cr+ na amostra tratada com FA por maior tempo. Devido a este tratamento térmico promover, a altas temperaturas, uma maior difusão dos íons implantados, concluiu-se que o tratamento térmico mais propício para a fabricação de semicondutores baseados em CrSi2 é o tratamento por RTA. Varreduras Renninger obtidas da difração múltipla de raios X mostraram que a implantação de Cr+ em Si(111) e posterior recozimento não induz alteração de simetria nas amostras, apenas uma pequena relaxação da distorção tetragonal detectada para a amostra 800º C com tratamento FA. Mapeamentos acoplados dos ângulos de incidência (?) e azimutal (?) para a condição exata de reflexões secundárias Bragg-Superfície (BSD) da difração múltipla não permitiram detectar modificações estruturais de superfície nas amostras analisadas, após os dois tratamentos térmicos a 800º C que foram considerados
Abstract: In this work, the effect of the two heat treatments suffered by Si(111) samples implanted with Cr+ ions has been studied by means of X rays powder diffraction and X rays reflectivity, as well as, the single crystal techniques rocking curves and synchrotron X rays multiple diffraction. The heat treatment of the samples subsequent to the implantation results in an improved crystal quality, but leads to cracks formation and extensive damage due to the large difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of silicide and silicon induced by the applied high voltages. Therefore, there is a great technological interest in obtaining high quality continuous layers with a minimum induced distortion into the substrate. This is the motivation of the present work: to obtain CrSi2 thin layers of high crystalline quality in the subsurface of Si(111) substrates with minimal deformations in the host matrix using low energy ion implantation. Two distinct thermal treatments are analyzed: traditional annealing in vacuum oven muffle type (FA - furnace annealing) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA - rapid thermal annealing) in argon atmosphere. The formation of the semiconductor CrSi2 hexagonal phase was confirmed by X ray powder diffraction in the annealed samples that has also shown an improved crystalline quality observed in FA annealing process. The proposed model of a thin (8?2) nm SiO2 surface layer on top of one or two (21?5) nm thick CrSi2 layers above the Si(111) substrate was confirmed from the X ray reflectivity measurements, that has also allowed to observe further diffusion of Cr + ions into the sample implanted and FA annealed for a longer time. Since this heat treatment promotes, at high temperatures, a greater diffusion of the implanted ions, it was found that RTA is the most suitable treatment for the fabrication of semiconductor-based CrSi2. Renninger scans of the X ray Multiple Diffraction have shown that the Cr+ ions implantation in Si(111) process with a subsequent annealing does not induce symmetry change in the samples, just a small relaxation of the tetragonal distortion detected for the 800 ºC sample after FA treatment. Mappings of the incidence (?) and azimuthal (?) coupled angles monitoring the exact multiple diffraction condition for the Bragg-Surface Diffraction (BSD) secondary reflections were not able to detect structural changes along the analyzed samples surfaces, after the two distinct annealed processes considered at 800º C
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
132986/2014-0
CNPQ
Zhu, Rongchan [Verfasser]. "SDE and BSDE on Hilbert spaces: applications to quasi-linear evolution equations and the asymptotic properties of the stochastic quasi-geostrophic equation / Rongchan Zhu. Fakultät für Mathematik." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, Hochschulschriften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021059471/34.
Full textSalhi, Rym. "Contributions to quadratic backward stochastic differential equations with jumps and applications." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1023.
Full textThis thesis focuses on backward stochastic differential equation with jumps and their applications. In the first chapter, we study a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE for short) driven jointly by a Brownian motion and an integer valued random measure that may have infinite activity with compensator being possibly time inhomogeneous. In particular, we are concerned with the case where the driver has quadratic growth and unbounded terminal condition. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proven by combining a monotone approximation technics and a forward approach. Chapter 2 is devoted to the well-posedness of generalized doubly reflected BSDEs (GDRBSDE for short) with jumps under weaker assumptions on the data. In particular, we study the existence of a solution for a one-dimensional GDRBSDE with jumps when the terminal condition is only measurable with respect to the related filtration and when the coefficient has general stochastic quadratic growth. We also show, in a suitable framework, the connection between our class of backward stochastic differential equations and risk sensitive zero-sum game. In chapter 3, we investigate a general class of fully coupled mean field forward-backward under weak monotonicity conditions without assuming any non-degeneracy assumption on the forward equation. We derive existence and uniqueness results under two different sets of conditions based on proximation schema weither on the forward or the backward equation. Later, we give an application for storage in smart grids
Turkedjiev, Plamen. "Numerical methods for backward stochastic differential equations of quadratic and locally Lipschitz type." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16784.
Full textThe focus of the thesis is to develop efficient numerical schemes for quadratic and locally Lipschitz decoupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). The terminal conditions satisfy weak regularity conditions. Although BSDEs have valuable applications in the theory of financial mathematics, stochastic control and partial differential equations, few efficient numerical schemes are available. Three algorithms based on Monte Carlo simulation are developed. Starting from a discrete time scheme, least-square regression is used to approximate conditional expectation. One benefit of these schemes is that they require as an input only the simulations of an explanatory process X and a Brownian motion W. Due to the use of distribution-free tools, one requires only very weak conditions on the explanatory process X, meaning that these methods can be applied to very general probability spaces. Explicit upper bounds for the error are obtained. The algorithms are then calibrated systematically based on the upper bounds of the error and the complexity is computed. Using a time-local truncation of the BSDE driver, the quadratic BSDE is reduced to a locally Lipschitz BSDE, and it is shown that the complexity of the algorithms for the locally Lipschitz BSDE is the same as that of the algorithm of a uniformly Lipschitz BSDE. It is also shown that these algorithms are competitive compared to other available algorithms for uniformly Lipschitz BSDEs.
Lemonnier, Florian. "Étude du comportement en temps long d'équations aux dérivées partielles par des méthodes probabilistes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S027/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in studying ergodic BSDEs, and our main goal is to apply our results to the large time behaviour of some PDEs. First, we prove some results (already known in the case where the underlying SDE has an additive noise) in the case of an underlying multiplicative noise. Then, we introduce a Poisson process and it leads us to the large time behaviour of a system of coupled PDEs. Finally, when the underlying SDE has a Lévy noise, we make a link with partial integro-differential equations. We also apply these equations to solve some optimal control problems
Madec, Pierre-Yves. "Equations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades ergodiques et applications aux EDP." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S027/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of ergodic BSDE and their applications to the study of the large time behaviour of solutions to semilinear parabolic PDE. In a first time, we establish some existence and uniqueness results to an ergodic BSDE with Neumann boundary conditions in an unbounded convex set in a weakly dissipative environment. Then we study their link with PDE with Neumann boundary condition and we give an application to an ergodic stochastic control problem. The second part consists of two sections. In the first one, we study the large time bahaviour of mild solutions to semilinear parabolic PDE in infinite dimension by a probabilistic method. This probabilistic method relies on a Basic coupling estimate result which gives us an exponential rate of convergence of the solution toward its asymptote. Let us mention that that this asymptote is fully determined by the solution of the ergodic semilinear PDE associated to the parabolic semilinear PDE. Then, we adapt this method to the sudy of the large time behaviour of viscosity solutions of semilinear parabolic PDE with Neumann boundary condition in a convex and bounded set in finite dimension. By regularization and penalization procedures, we obtain similar results as those obtained in the mild context, especially with an exponential rate of convergence for the solution toward its asymptote
Granberg, Hjalmar. "Optical Response From Paper : Angle-dependent Light Scattering Measurements, Modelling, and Analysis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Production Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3629.
Full textKarlsson, Carin, and Bodil Renfors. "Side Blind Spot Detection : Sensortekniker och hårdvara." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2889.
Full textDenna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete, på 20 högskolepoäng, som har utförts på Scania CV AB, Tekniskt centrum, Södertälje. Examensarbetet behandlar Side Blind Spot Detection och har resulterat i ett prototypsystem som detekterar objekt i döda vinklarna på sidorna av en lastbil. Systemet är ett aktivt säkerhetssystem som syftar till att förhindra olyckor och ge ökad trafiksäkerhet på vägarna.
Examensarbetet har varit tvådelat för att uppnå detta mål. Denna rapport behandlar främst val av sensorteknik för att upptäcka objekt i de döda vinklarna på sidan av en lastbil. Den behandlar också hårdvara till användargränssnittet samt installation av användargränssnittet och sensorerna i en lastbil. Den andra delen av examensarbetet har bestått av utformning av användargränssnittet och programmering av systemet. Detta kan läsas i rapporten "Side Blind Spot Detection - System och användargränssnitt" författad av Jenny Hedenberg och Hanna Torell, Chalmers Tekniska högskola, 2005.
I rapporten har sex olika sensortekniker studerats och utvärderats. De sex sensorteknikerna är ultraljud, passiv IR, lidar (aktiv IR), kamera, IR kamera och radar. Resultatet av utvärderingen visade att radar är den mest lämpade sensortekniken för den här typen av applikationer och det är därför radar används som sensor i prototypsystemet.
Systemet har tre olika lägen beroende på hur mycket information föraren önskar få när ett objekt befinner sig i döda vinkeln vilket styrs av en systemknapp. Föraren får informationen från användargränssnittet som består av två LED- displayer som är placerade i dörrkarmarna på vardera sida. Förutom att visa varningarna visuellt i LED-displayen används också ljud vid varning. Resultatet blev som förväntat och visar de funktioner som användargränssnittet har på ett bra sätt. Vad gäller resultatet av hela prototypsystemet så visar det att radar är ett bra val för denna applikation för att den klarar av de krav som ställs. Tester av systemet visar dock att den införskaffade radarn har begränsningar som försvårar filtreringen. Detta leder till att systemet inte är helt tillförlitligt eftersom systemet ibland missar objekt och ibland felvarnar för objekt som inte finns eller för objekt som inte är relevanta.
Ahlström, Marcus. "Online-instrumentering på avloppsreningsverk : status idag och effekter av givarfel på reningsprocessen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351372.
Full textThe effectiveness of automated treatment processes within wastewater treatment plants ultimately depend on the quality of the measurement data that is given from the installed sensors. Sensor faults affect the control of the treatment plants and are often the reason different control strategies fail. Today there is a lack of standardized guidelines for how to organize and work with online sensors at Swedish wastewater treatment plants which limits the opportunities for treatment plants to reach their effluent criteria in a resource efficient manner. Much research has been done on ways to optimize control strategies but the role of sensors in the efficiency of the treatment plants has not been given the same level of attention. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine how instrumentation at wastewater treatment plants can be organized and structured to ensure good quality measurement data and to examine how sensor faults affect the treatment process. Within the thesis a literature study was conducted where instrumentation at wastewater treatment plants was examined. The effects of sensor faults were examined by simulating a pre-denitrification process in Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 where off-sets (biases) and drift where added to measurements from different implemented sensors. The simulations showed that positive off-sets (0.10–0.50 mg/l) in an ammonium sensor within a cascaded feedback-loop adds to the energy consumption used for aeration by roughly 4-25%. It could further be shown that all types of faults in a DO sensor in the last aerated basin had significantly larger effect on the treatment process than the same fault in any of the other DO sensors in the preceding basins. If the last aerated basin is designed to have low DO concentrations the DO sensor in that basin is the most important DO sensor to maintain. Positive off-sets (200–1 000 mg TSS/l) in suspended solids sensors used for control of waste activated sludge flow contributed to large increases of ammonia, by 29-464%, in effluent waters. Negative drift in DO sensors showed that significant savings in aeration energy, roughly 4%, was possible to achieve with more frequent maintenance. Whether a sensor is affected by a positive or a negative fault, be it off-set or drift, will affect how much and in what way the treatment process will be affected. The study of sensor faults showed that the effect of a positive or a negative fault varied and that the effect on the treatment process was not linear. The effect of a sensor fault on the treatment process will ultimately depend on the implemented control strategy, settings in the controllers and on the controlled process.
Kubík, Pavel. "Měření intenzity provozu během pevně daných intervalů v AP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218833.
Full textVanwalscappel, Bénédicte. "Caractérisation de la résistance du VIH-1 à l'effet antiviral des interférons de type I." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC155.
Full textType-I interferon (IFN) induces the expression of hundreds of cellular genes, some of which have direct antiviral activity IFN-induced effectors can restrict numerous steps in the HIV replicative cycle, resulting in potent inhibition of HIV replication in tissue culture and transient reduction of viremia in IFN-treated patients. Overall our project aimed at analyzing the evolution of HIV in the presence of IFN in two situations: i) in tissue culture of T lymphocytes treated by IFN, where the virus is passages to select for resistant variants; and ii)HIV-infected patients, treated by IFN because of a concurrent HCV infection. Concerning the study in vitro, by forcing the HIV to replicate in culture in the presence of IFN, we aimed to select variants with decrease susceptibility to IFN and characterize them genotypically, in order to determine possible escape strategies. For this purpose, initially, culture conditions were optimized to force HIV to replicate in a T-cell line (MT4R5) in the presence of IFNa2. The data collected from these experiments were fitted in a mathematical model of virus replication. This approach allowed to determine several viral and cellular parameters of HIV replication and inhibition by IFN. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization showed the emergence of mutations in env gene, which improves the efficiency viral entry associated with an increased infectivity. This represents an evolutionary strategy that allows the virus to overcome antiviral aetivities induced by IFN, including those act post-entry. Concerning the study in patients, we analyzed the evolution of HIV populations under treatment by IFN, in 7 HIV-HCV co-infected patients who were not treated for HIV. The aim was to identify HIV genomic regions that could be under selective pressure by IFN in vivo. The gene in which we saw more frequently a replacement of the dominant population over time was vpu, for which in 5 of 7 patients the population present during IFN-treatment carried changes in the N-terminal half of the protein. Changes were seen also for vpr and vif, but concerned fewer patients. We thus explore whether Vpu present during IFN-treatment conferred a replication advantage to the virus in IFN-treated cultures. For 2 of the 5 patients, we described that Vpu present during IFN-treatment confer to the virus a better fitness in presence of IFN associated with a better virions release efficiency, allowing the virus to overcome the antiviral activities induced by IFN
Moussaoui, Hadjer. "Contribution aux équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades et application aux équations aux dérivées partielles et au contrôle stochastique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0016.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE) and forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDE), the main results are:The first is about the solvability of logarithmic BSDE of type (lylllnlyll lzlJllnlzll) and application to partial differential equations (PDE). The second concems the existence of strict optimal control for a system driven by a strongly coupled FBSDE. Multiple applications are established. A result of existence and uniqueness of the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Belmann equation (HJB) is also established
Bielagk, Jana. "Essays on Market Microstructure and Pathwise Directional Derivatives." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18817.
Full textWe analyze equilibrium problems arising from interacting markets and market participants, first competing markets with feedback and asymmetric information, then strategically interacting traders; moreover we analyze a new notion of a pathwise directional derivative in the context of pathwise Malliavin calculus. The first chapter analyzes a principal-agent game in which a monopolistic profit-maximizing dealer competes with a crossing network (CN) for trading with privately informed agents. We analyze the structure of the dealer’s offered pricing schedules for different outside options. We give sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the dealer’s problem and show that in our setting the introduction of the CN is beneficial for the agents. Additionally, we discuss existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium price for the feedback between dealer and CN. In the second chapter we analyze the impact of performance concerns on a problem of equilibrium pricing. A derivative is priced such that the market clears, given strategically behaving agents. Their risk stems from a risky position in the future and the relative trading gains compared to all other agents. The risk measure of each agent is specified by a BSDE. In spite of the strategic interaction, we are able to apply a representative agent approach to obtain existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium market price of external risk. In the special case of entropic risk measures, we perform a parameter analysis. The third chapter provides a link between classical and pathwise Malliavin calculus. We define and analyze pathwise directional derivatives via perturbations with Cameron-Martin functions, (Hölder-)continuous functions, discontinuous functions and measures, thereby including both the traditional Malliavin derivative and the vertical derivative from Dupire’s work.
Roca, Vincent. "Architecture hautes performances pour systèmes de communication." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005013.
Full textZou, Yiyi. "Couverture d'options dans un marché avec impact et schémas numériques pour les EDSR basés sur des systèmes de particules." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED074/document.
Full textClassical derivatives pricing theory assumes frictionless market and infinite liquidity. These assumptions are however easily violated in real market, especially for large trades and illiquid assets. In this imperfect market, one has to consider the super-replication price as perfect hedging becomes infeasible sometimes.The first part of this dissertation focuses on proposing a model incorporating both liquidity cost and price impact. We start by deriving continuous time trading dynamics as the limit of discrete rebalancing policies. Under the constraint of holding zero underlying stock at the inception and the maturity, we obtain a quasi-linear pricing equation in the viscosity sense. A perfect hedging strategy is provided as soons as the equation admits a smooth solution. When it comes to hedging a covered European option under gamma constraint, the dynamic programming principle employed previously is no longer valid. Using stochastic target and partial differential equation smoothing techniques, we prove the super-replication price now becomes the viscosity solution of a fully non-linear parabolic equation. We also show how ε-optimal strategies can be constructed, and propose a numerical resolution scheme.The second part is dedicated to the numerical resolution of the Backward Stochastic Differential Equation (BSDE). We propose a purely forward numerical scheme, which first approximates an arbitrary Lipschitz driver by local polynomials and then applies the Picard iteration to converge to the original solution. Each Picard iteration can be represented in terms of branching diffusion systems, thus avoiding the usual estimation of conditional expectation. We also prove the convergence on an unlimited time horizon. Numerical simulation is also provided to illustrate the performance of the algorithm
Espinosa, Gilles-Edouard. "Méthodes de Contrôle Stochastique pour la Gestion Optimale de Portefeuille." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00512703.
Full textJaworková, Magdalena. "Úprava konstrukce zařízení pro měření rozptylu laserového světla z drsných povrchů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417166.
Full textRichter, Jan. "Ochrana proti distribuovaným útokům hrubou silou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237103.
Full textZhou, Alexandre. "Etude théorique et numérique de problèmes non linéaires au sens de McKean en finance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1128/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the theoretical and numerical study of two problems which are nonlinear in the sense of McKean in finance. In the first part, we study the calibration of a local and stochastic volatility model taking into account the prices of European vanilla options observed in the market. This problem can be rewritten as a stochastic differential equation (SDE) nonlinear in the sense of McKean, due to the presence in the diffusion coefficient of a conditional expectation of the stochastic volatility factor computed w.r.t. the solution to the SDE. We obtain existence in the particular case where the stochastic volatility factor is a jump process with a finite number of states. Moreover, we obtain weak convergence at order 1 for the Euler scheme discretizing in time the SDE nonlinear in the sense of McKean for general stochastic volatility factors. In the industry, Guyon and Henry Labordere proposed in [JGPHL] an efficient calibration procedure which consists in approximating the conditional expectation using a kernel estimator such as the Nadaraya-Watson one. We also introduce a numerical half-step scheme and study the the associated particle system that we compare with the algorithm presented in [JGPHL]. In the second part of the thesis, we tackle the pricing of derivatives with initial margin requirements, a recent problem that appeared along with new regulation since the 2008 financial crisis. This problem can be modelled by an anticipative backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) with dependence in the law of the solution in the driver. We show that the equation is well posed and propose an approximation of its solution by standard linear BSDEs when the liquidation duration in case of default is small. Finally, we show that the computation of the solutions to the standard BSDEs can be improved thanks to the multilevel Monte Carlo technique introduced by Giles in [G]
Lepe, Aldama Oscar Iván. "Modeling TCP/IP software implementation performance and its application for software routers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5975.
Full textLa presente tesis aporta una caracterización detallada de la ejecución de la realización software de los mencionados protocolos sobre un computador personal y bajo un sistema operativo UNIX. Esta caracterización muestra cómo varía el rendimiento del sistema en función de la velocidad de operación de la CPU, las características del subsistema de memoria, el tamaño de los paquetes y otras variables de importancia para la remisión, autenticación y cifrado de paquetes IP.
En otros trabajos se proponen adecuaciones o extensiones a la realización software de los mencionados protocolos que permiten que un software router provea de comunicaciones con diversos niveles asegurados de calidad mediante el uso de mecanismos de planificación para la unidad central de procesamiento. Sin embargo, en dichos trabajos no se contempla la planificación del uso del bus de entrada/salida.
Los resultados derivados de nuestro modelo demuestran que, para sistemas que usan CPUs con frecuencias de reloj superiores a 1 GHz, la planificación conjunta de la CPU y el bus de entrada salida es indispensable para la provisión de comunicaciones con diversos niveles asegurados de calidad. Dichas frecuencias de reloj son comunes en los sistemas comerciales actuales, por lo que consideramos que es un problema de gran interés. En la tesis proponemos un mecanismo que consigue garantías de utilización del bus de entrada/salida mediante la modificación de los drivers de los interfaces de red.
Three are the main contributions of this work. In no particular order:
" A detailed performance study of the software implementation of the TCP/IP protocols suite, when executed as part of the kernel of a BSD operating system over generic PC hardware.
" A validated queuing network model of the studied system, solved by computer simulation.
" An I/O bus utilization guard mechanism for improving the performance of software routers supporting QoS mechanisms and built upon PC hardware and software.
This document presents our experiences building a performance model of a PC-based software router. The resulting model is an open multiclass priority network of queues that we solved by simulation. While the model is not particularly novel from the system modeling point of view, in our opinion, it is an interesting result to show that such a model can estimate, with high accuracy, not just average performance-numbers but the complete probability distribution function of packet latency, allowing performance analysis at several levels of detail. The validity and accuracy of the multiclass model has been established by contrasting its packet latency predictions in both, time and probability spaces. Moreover, we introduced into the validation analysis the predictions of a router's single queue model. We did this for quantitatively assessing the advantages of the more complex multiclass model with respect to the simpler and widely used but not so accurate, as here shown, single queue model, under the considered scenario that the router's CPU is the system bottleneck and not the communications links. The single queue model was also solved by simulation.
Besides, this document addresses the problem of resource sharing in PC-based software routers supporting QoS mechanisms. Others have put forward solutions that are focused on suitably distributing the workload of the CPU-see this chapter's section on "related work". However, the increase in CPU speed in relation to that of the I/O bus-as here shown-means attention must be paid to the effect the limitations imposed by this bus on the system's overall performance. We propose a mechanism that jointly controls both I/O bus and CPU operation. This mechanism involves changes to the operating system kernel code and assumes the existence of certain network interface card's functions, although it does not require changes to the PC hardware. A performance study is shown that provides insight into the problem and helps to evaluate both the effectiveness of our approach, and several software router design trade-offs.
Kezuka, Yukako. "On the main conjectures of Iwasawa theory for certain elliptic curves with complex multiplication." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/264939.
Full textMastrolia, Thibaut. "Une étude de la régularité de solutions d'EDS Rétrogrades et de leurs utilisations en finance." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090066.
Full textIn the first part of this PhD thesis, we give conditions on the parameters of Lipschitz and quadratic growth BSDEs such that the laws of the components Y and Z of the solutions to such BSDEs admit densities with respect to the Lebesgue measure. We then provide conditions on the parameters of non-Markovian Lipschitz or quadratic growth BSDEs such that the components Y and Z of their solutions are Malliavin differentiable. We obtain these conditions by applying a new characterization of the Malliavin differentiability, as an Lp convergence criterion of difference quotients. This result provide also a new characterization of the Malliavin-Sobolev spaces that we study in detail. To finish this first theoretical part, we provide conditions ensuring that solutions of non-Markovian stochastic-Lipschitz BSDEs are Malliavin differentiable by applying the characterization of the Malliavin differentiability obtained. We then analyse the existence of densities for the laws of the components of solutions to such BSDEs and we apply our result to a model of gene expression. In the second part of this thesis, we investigate financial problems dealing with BSDEs. We first solve a utility maximization problem with a random horizon, characterized by an exogenous default time. We reduce it to the analysis of a specific BSDE, which we call BSDE with singular coefficients, when the default time is assumed to be bounded. We give conditions ensuring the existence and the uniqueness of solutions to such BSDE and we illustrate our results by numerical simulations. Then, we solve a Principal/Agent problem with ambiguity, in which the "Nature" impacts both the utilities of the Agent and the Principal, charaterized by sets of probability measures which modify the volatility
Zhang, Jianing. "Non-standard backward stochastic differential equations and multiple optimal stopping problems with applications to securities pricing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16713.
Full textThis thesis elaborates on the wealth maximization problem of a small investor who invests in a financial market. Key tools for our studies come across in the form of several classes of BSDEs with particular non-linearities, casting them outside the standard class of Lipschitz continuous BSDEs. We first give a characterization of a small investor''s optimal wealth and its associated optimal strategy by means of a systems of coupled equations, a forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE) with non-Lipschitz coefficients, where the backward component is of quadratic growth. We then examine how specifying concrete utility functions give rise to another class of non-standard BSDEs. In this context, we also investigate the relationship to a modeling approach based on random fields techniques, known by now as the backward stochastic partial differential equations (BSPDEs) approach. We continue with the presentation of a numerical method for a special type of quadratic BSDEs. This method is based on a stochastic analogue to the Cole-Hopf transformation from PDE theory. We discuss its applicability to numerically solve indifference pricing problems for contingent claims in an incomplete market. We then proceed to BSDEs whose drifts explicitly incorporate path dependence. Several analytical properties for this type of non-standard BSDEs are derived. Finally, we devote our attention to the problem of a small investor who is equipped with several exercise rights that allow her to collect pre-specified cashflows. We solve this problem by casting it into the language of multiple optimal stopping and develop a martingale dual approach for characterizing the optimal possible outcome. Moreover, we develop regression based Monte Carlo algorithms which simulate efficiently lower and upper price bounds.
Eyraud-Loisel, Anne. "EDSR et EDSPR avec grossissement de filtration, problèmes d'asymétrie d'information et de couverture sur les marchés financiers." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450944.
Full textReddy, Sreelatha S. "Migration of WAFL to BSD." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11429.
Full textLIN, YUN-HSUAN, and 林芸萱. "Study of 2D Image Fusion for BSDF and Goniophotometry." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2y66ke.
Full text國立中央大學
光電科學與工程學系
104
Screen image synthetic whole-field optical distribution meter overcomes the shortcoming of time consuming of goniophotometer in the current market. It use camera to capture a wide range of light distribution with only one shot. By using rotator to change the picturing aspect, we can synthesize the whole images with aid of image fusion system to form the whole field optical distribution. Moreover, we add light source to illuminate the sample, and rotate the sample to change incident angle to obtain the BSDF measurement result. In this thesis, in order to measure the optical distribution and BSDF using one instrument. We increase the distance between the sample and the camera up to 50 cm. Besides, in order to reduce the volume of the instrument, the screen size is set as 601×496 (mm2), and the rotational part is the sample with light source instead of the imaging system. Since the screen size is limited, the total number of pictures is increased to cover the whole field. Here, we proposed an optimized solution to minimize the total number of pictures in semi-sphered field measurement. BSDF measurement and whole field optical distribution measurement distribution are accomplished with one instrument. The size of the light source in one dimension for the whole field optical distribution measurement achieve 5 cm.