Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bruit fractionnaire'
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Drouilhet, Rémy. "Dérivée de mouvement brownien fractionnaire et estimation de densité spectrale." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3024.
Full textWONG, Wa. "Conception de circuits MMIC BiMOS SiGe appliqués à la synthèse de fréquence fractionnaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011081.
Full textWong, King-Wah. "Conception de circuits MMIC BiCMOS SiGe appliqués à la synthèse de fréquence fractionnaire." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30238.
Full textCai, Chunhao. "Analyse statistique de quelques modèles de processus de type fractionnaire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1030/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the statistical analysis of some models of stochastic processes generated by fractional noise in discrete or continuous time.In Chapter 1, we study the problem of parameter estimation by maximum likelihood (MLE) for an autoregressive process of order p (AR (p)) generated by a stationary Gaussian noise, which can have long memory as the fractional Gaussiannoise. We exhibit an explicit formula for the MLE and we analyze its asymptotic properties. Actually in our model the covariance function of the noise is assumed to be known but the asymptotic behavior of the estimator ( rate of convergence, Fisher information) does not depend on it.Chapter 2 is devoted to the determination of the asymptotical optimal input for the estimation of the drift parameter in a partially observed but controlled fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We expose a separation principle that allows us toreach this goal. Large sample asymptotical properties of the MLE are deduced using the Ibragimov-Khasminskii program and Laplace transform computations for quadratic functionals of the process.In Chapter 3, we present a new approach to study the properties of mixed fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and related models, based on the filtering theory of Gaussian processes. The results shed light on the semimartingale structure andproperties lead to a number of useful absolute continuity relations. We establish equivalence of the measures, induced by the mixed fBm with stochastic drifts, and derive the corresponding expression for the Radon-Nikodym derivative. For theHurst index H > 3=4 we obtain a representation of the mixed fBm as a diffusion type process in its own filtration and derive a formula for the Radon-Nikodym derivative with respect to the Wiener measure. For H < 1=4, we prove equivalenceto the fractional component and obtain a formula for the corresponding derivative. An area of potential applications is statistical analysis of models, driven by mixed fractional noises. As an example we consider only the basic linear regression setting and show how the MLE can be defined and studied in the large sample asymptotic regime
Nguyen, Thi Kim Thanh. "Interaction entre deux circuits mesoscopiques pour la mesure du bruit." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175563.
Full textquasiparticules, ou, de manière plus intéressante, est du à la réflexion d'Andreev. La théorie du blocage de Coulomb dynamique est utilisée pour calculer le courant continu qui passe dans le circuit de détection, procurant ainsi une information sur le bruit à haute fréquence. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, la source de bruit est connue : elle provient d'une barre de Hall avec un contact ponctuel, dont les caractéristiques de courant-tension et de bruit sont bien établies dans le régime de l'effet Hall
quantique fractionnaire. Un point quantique connecté à des bornes source et drain, qui est placé au voisinage du
contact ponctuel, acquière une largeur de raie finie lorsque le courant fluctue, et se comporte comme un
détecteur de bruit de charge. Nous calculons le taux de déphasage du point quantique dans le régime de
faible et de fort rétrodiffusion, tout en décrivant l'effet de l'écrantage faible ou fort de l'interaction
Coulombienne entre la barre de Hall et le point quantique.
Kapfer, Maëlle. "Dynamic of excitations of the Fractional quantum Hall effect : fractional charge and fractional Josephson frequency." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS393/document.
Full textIn some quantum matter states, the current may remarkably be transported by carriers that bear a fraction e* of the elementary electron charge. This is the case for the Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) that happens in two-dimensional systems at low temperature under a high perpendicular magnetic field. When the number of magnetic flux in units of h/e is a fraction of the number of electron, a dissipationless current flows along the edges of the sample and is carried by anyons with fractional charge. The observation of the fractional charge is realized through small current fluctuations produced by the granularity of the charge. Here is presented a reliable method to measure the fractional charge by the mean of cross-correlation of current fluctuations. Moreover, the dynamical properties of those charges is probed when the sample is irradiated with photos at GHz frequency. The long predicted Josephson frequency of the fractional charge is measured. Those measurements validate Photoassisted processes in the FQHE and enable timedomain manipulation of fractional charges in order to realize a single anyon source based on levitons to perform tests of the anyonic statistics of fractional charge
Uss, Mykhailo. "Estimation aveugle de l'écart-type du bruit additif, indépendant et/ou dépendant du signal : application aux images texturées multi/hyperspectrales." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1E008.
Full textSchaeffer, Nicolas. "Étude d'équations aux dérivées partielles dirigées par une perturbation stochastique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0054.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the study of some nonlinear partial differential equations driven by a stochastic perturbation. In Chapter 1, we define the notion of white noise and fractional noise. We then describe the general procedure to prove the local well-posedness of the models under consideration. After having presented a state of the art, we detail and comment the different results obtained, we insist on the novelties and we precise the possible perspectives. In Chapter 2, we present the stochastic tools we will need throughout our study. We start by defining the fractional Brownian motion. We then recall the essential notions concerning Wiener integral and the integration against the Fourier transform of a white noise. We also establish the harmonizable representation formula of the fractional Brownian motion that will be a precious tool when doing computations. We state the main results related to the regularity of stochastic terms, namely Kolmogorov's criterion and the Garsia-Rodemich-Rumsey inequality. To end with, we define Hermite polynomials that will allow us to renormalize our equations and we develop the notion of Wiener Chaoses in order to benefit from the classical inequality of control of moments of order "p". In Chapter 3, we study a stochastic nonlinear heat equation (SNLH) with a quadratic nonlinearity, forced by a fractional space-time white noise. Two types of regimes are exhibited, depending on the ranges of the Hurst index "H=(H_0,...,H_d) in (0,1)^{d+1}". In particular, we show that the local well-posedness of (SNLH) resulting from the Da Prato-Debussche trick, is easily obtained when "2H_0+sum_{i=1}^{d}H_i >d". On the contrary, (SNLH) is much more difficult to handle when "2H_0+sum_{i=1}^{d}H_i leq d". In this case, the model has to be interpreted in the Wick sense, thanks to a time-dependent renormalization. Helped with the regularising effect of the heat semigroup, we establish local well-posedness results for (SNLH) for all dimension "d geq 1". In Chapter 4, we study a stochastic Schr"{o}dinger equation with a quadratic nonlinearity and a space-time fractional perturbation. When the Hurst index is large enough, precisely when "2H_0+sum_{i=1}^{d}H_i >d+1", we prove local well-posedness of the problem using classical arguments. However, for a small Hurst index, that is when "2H_0+sum_{i=1}^{d}H_i leq d", even the interpretation of the equation needs some care. In this case, a renormalization procedure must come into the picture, leading to a Wick-type interpretation of the model. Our fixed-point argument then involves some specific regularization properties of the Schr"{o}dinger group, which allows us to cope with the strong irregularity of the solution. In Chapter 5, we study a stochastic quadratic nonlinear Schr"{o}dinger equation (SNLS), driven by a fractional derivative (of order "-alpha<0") of a space-time white noise. When "alpha < frac{d}{2}", the stochastic convolution is a function of time with values in a negative-order Sobolev space and the model has to be interpreted in the Wick sense by means of a time-dependent renormalization. When "1 leq d leq 3", combining both the Strichartz estimates and a deterministic local smoothing, we establish the local well-posedness of (SNLS) for a small range of "alpha". Then, we revisit our arguments and establish multilinear smoothing on the second order stochastic term. This allows us to improve our local well-posedness result for some "alpha"
Komaty, Ali. "Traitement et analyse des processus stochastiques par EMD et ses extensions." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0107.
Full textThe main contribution of this thesis is aimed towards understanding the behaviour of the empirical modes decomposition (EMD) and its extended versions in stochastic situations
Creux, Marjorie. "Détection des corrélations de courant à haute fréquence à l'aide d'un circuit résonnant." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148425.
Full textNous considérons l'injection controllée d'une charge d'un métal normal sur un état de bord de l'effet Hall quantique fractionnaire, à l'aide d'une tension dépendant du temps V(t). Nous montrons que les corrélations électroniques préviennent les divergences des fluctuations de charge pour un pulse de tension générique. La formule de la charge moyenne et des fluctuations de charges sont obtenue en utilisant l'approximation adiabatique et les résultats non perturbatifs pour un bord de l'effet Hall quantique Fractionnaire de facteur de remplissage 1/3. Nous faisons également une généralisation aux systèmes décrits par les autres modèles des liquides de Luttinger.
Nous considérons la mesure à haute fréquence des corrélations de courant à l'aide d'un circuit résonnant, qui est couplé inductivement au circuit mésoscopique dans le régime cohérent. Les informations sur les corrélations apparaissent dans les histogrammes de la charge aux bornes de la capacité du circuit résonnant. La dissipation est essentiel afin de conserver des fluctuations de charge finis. Nous identifions quelle combinaison du courant de corrélation entre dans la mesure du troisième moment. Ce dernier reste stable pour une dissipation nulle. Nous proposons alors une généralisation du circuit LC résonant afin de sonder directement les corrélations croisées. Les corrélations croisées dépendent de quatre corrélateurs non-symétrisés. Les résultats sont illustrés pour un point contact.
Kammoun, Imen. "Modélisation et détection de ruptures des signaux physiologiques issus de compétitions d'endurance." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200441.
Full textSoltane, Marius. "Statistique asymptotique de certaines séries chronologiques à mémoire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1027.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to asymptotic inferenre of differents chronological models driven by a noise with memory. In these models, the least squares estimator is not consistent and we consider other estimators. We begin by studying the almost-sureasymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator of the autoregressive coefficient in an autoregressive process drivenby a stationary Gaussian noise. We then present a statistical procedure in order to detect a change of regime within this model,taking inspiration from the classic case driven by a strong white noise. Then we consider an autoregressive model where the coefficients are random and have a short memory. Here again, the least squares estimator is not consistent and we correct the previous statistic in order to correctly estimate the parameters of the model. Finally we study a new joint estimator of the Hurst exponent and the variance in a fractional Gaussian noise observed at high frequency whose qualities are comparable to the maximum likelihood estimator
Mahdi-Khalil, Zeina. "Autour des équations stochastique fractionnaires : variations et estimation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I006.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of the fractional stochastic heat equation driven by additive Gaussian noises.The world "fractional" concerns the appearance of the fractional Laplacian operator or it refers to the driven fractional noise. The Guassian random may have a non tivial correlation in time and/or in space.First, we analyze the stochastic differential heat equation with a fractional Laplacian operator with exponent alpha in (1, 2). The random noise is considered to be white in time and white or colored with respect to the space variable. We obtain several results concerning the existence of the solution, the regularity of its paths and its law. We noticed a link between the solution of fractional heat equation and some fractional stochastic processes (Fractional Brownian motion or bi-Fractional Brownian motion). Using this link, we study the asymptotic behavior of the generalized variations of the solution, in time and in space. We also propose, in the situation where the initial equation depends on a drift parameter, estimators for this parameter. The estimators are expressed as a function of the generalized variations of the mild solution. We use the behavior of these variations to prove some asymptotic properties (the consistency, asymptotic normality) of our estimators.In a second time, we analyze the wave stochastic equation on a finite interval in space. In this case, the character “fractional” is given by the Gaussian noise which behaves in time as a Fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H in (½,1) with respect to the variable of time and as a standard Brownian motion in space. Our analysis is based on the expression of the Green kernel associated to the wave equation, which can be written as a trigonometric series. We establish various properties for the solution, including the scaling property, the pathwise regularity or the asymptotic behavior with respect to the Hurst parameter
Esstafa, Youssef. "Modèles de séries temporelles à mémoire longue avec innovations dépendantes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD021.
Full textWe first consider, in this thesis, the problem of statistical analysis of FARIMA (Fractionally AutoRegressive Integrated Moving-Average) models endowed with uncorrelated but non-independent error terms. These models are called weak FARIMA and can be used to fit long-memory processes with general nonlinear dynamics. Relaxing the independence assumption on the noise, which is a standard assumption usually imposed in the literature, allows weak FARIMA models to cover a large class of nonlinear long-memory processes. The weak FARIMA models are dense in the set of purely non-deterministic stationary processes, the class of these models encompasses that of FARIMA processes with an independent and identically distributed noise (iid). We call thereafter strong FARIMA models the models in which the error term is assumed to be an iid innovations.We establish procedures for estimating and validating weak FARIMA models. We show, under weak assumptions on the noise, that the least squares estimator of the parameters of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models is strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. The asymptotic variance matrix of the least squares estimator of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models has the "sandwich" form. This matrix can be very different from the asymptotic variance obtained in the strong case (i.e. in the case where the noise is assumed to be iid). We propose, by two different methods, a convergent estimator of this matrix. An alternative method based on a self-normalization approach is also proposed to construct confidence intervals for the parameters of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models.We then pay particular attention to the problem of validation of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models. We show that the residual autocorrelations have a normal asymptotic distribution with a covariance matrix different from that one obtained in the strong FARIMA case. This allows us to deduce the exact asymptotic distribution of portmanteau statistics and thus to propose modified versions of portmanteau tests. It is well known that the asymptotic distribution of portmanteau tests is correctly approximated by a chi-squared distribution when the error term is assumed to be iid. In the general case, we show that this asymptotic distribution is a mixture of chi-squared distributions. It can be very different from the usual chi-squared approximation of the strong case. We adopt the same self-normalization approach used for constructing the confidence intervals of weak FARIMA model parameters to test the adequacy of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models. This method has the advantage of avoiding the problem of estimating the asymptotic variance matrix of the joint vector of the least squares estimator and the empirical autocovariances of the noise.Secondly, we deal in this thesis with the problem of estimating autoregressive models of order 1 endowed with fractional Gaussian noise when the Hurst parameter H is assumed to be known. We study, more precisely, the convergence and the asymptotic normality of the generalized least squares estimator of the autoregressive parameter of these models
Slaoui, Meryem. "Analyse stochastique et inférence statistique des solutions d’équations stochastiques dirigées par des bruits fractionnaires gaussiens et non gaussiens." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I079.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of the solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by additive Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises. As a non-Gaussian driving noise, we use the Hermite processes. These processes form a family of self-similar stochastic processes with stationary increments and long memory and they can be expressed as multiple Wiener-Itô integrals. The class of Hermite processes includes the well-known fractional Brownian motion which is the only Gaussian Hermite process, and the Rosenblatt process. In a first chapter, we consider the solution to the linear stochastic heat equation driven by a multiparameter Hermite process of any order and with Hurst multi-index H. We study the existence and establish various properties of its mild solution. We discuss also its probability distribution in the non-Gaussian case. The second part deals with the asymptotic behavior in distribution of solutions to stochastic equations when the Hurst parameter converges to the boundary of its interval of definition. We focus on the case of the Hermite Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which is the solution of the Langevin equation driven by the Hermite process, and on the case of the solution to the stochastic heat equation with additive Hermite noise. These results show that the obtained limits cover a large class of probability distributions, from Gaussian laws to distribution of random variables in a Wiener chaos of higher order. In the last chapter, we consider the stochastic wave equation driven by an additive Gaussian noise which behaves as a fractional Brownian motion in time and as a Wiener process in space. We show that the sequence of generalized variations satisfies a Central Limit Theorem and we estimate the rate of convergence via the Stein-Malliavin calculus. The results are applied to construct several consistent estimators of the Hurst index
Zamoum, Redouane. "Etude théorique des fluctuations de courant de l'admittance et de la densité d'états d'un nano-système en interaction." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881571.
Full textScipioni, Angel. "Contribution à la théorie des ondelettes : application à la turbulence des plasmas de bord de Tokamak et à la mesure dimensionnelle de cibles." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10125.
Full textThe necessary scale-based representation of the world leads us to explain why the wavelet theory is the best suited formalism. Its performances are compared to other tools: R/S analysis and empirical modal decomposition method (EMD). The great diversity of analyzing bases of wavelet theory leads us to propose a morphological approach of the analysis. The study is organized into three parts. The first chapter is dedicated to the constituent elements of wavelet theory. Then we will show the surprising link existing between recurrence concept and scale analysis (Daubechies polynomials) by using Pascal's triangle. A general analytical expression of Daubechies' filter coefficients is then proposed from the polynomial roots. The second chapter is the first application domain. It involves edge plasmas of tokamak fusion reactors. We will describe how, for the first time on experimental signals, the Hurst coefficient has been measured by a wavelet-based estimator. We will detail from fbm-like processes (fractional Brownian motion), how we have established an original model perfectly reproducing fBm and fGn joint statistics that characterizes magnetized plasmas. Finally, we will point out the reasons that show the lack of link between high values of the Hurst coefficient and possible long correlations. The third chapter is dedicated to the second application domain which is relative to the backscattered echo analysis of an immersed target insonified by an ultrasonic plane wave. We will explain how a morphological approach associated to a scale analysis can extract the diameter information
Djeddi, Mounir. "APPROCHES POUR L'ANALYSE DES SIGNAUX A PHASE POLYNOMIALE DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT NON GAUSSIEN." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010277.
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