Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bruit de trafic'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 19 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bruit de trafic.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Leclercq, Ludovic. "Modélisation dynamique du trafic et applications à l'estimation du bruit routier." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0070/these.pdf.
Full textTo estimate the noise emitted by an irregular traffic precisely, it is necessary to take into account its spatiotemporal evolution. This PhD suggests using a traffic model to describe the flow behaviour and to couple it with noise monograms which finely determine vehicles’ emission in order to estimate the dynamic variations of noise levels. The used traffic model is a first order macroscopic one. As the situations where vehicles accelerate are identified as important to estimate noise emission precisely, this model is extended to allow the correct representation of the vehicles’ kinematics during transitional phases. This extension consists of introducing a constraint on the maximal acceleration to complete the basis equation of the model. This constraint is integrated analytically and numerically with the development of a discretized form of the bounded acceleration model. The consistence of the discretization scheme is ensured by the study of the convergence of the numerical solutions to the analytical ones. The kinematics profiles resulting from the model are also studied by simulation in the case of a starting flow at a traffic signal. The traffic model is then coupled with the noise emission monograms supplied by the INRETS-LTE laboratory. A complementary model is needed to realise this operation in order to estimate vehicles’ gear ratio from their kinematics states because the traffic model does not represent this variable. The results of the global model are presented for two typical situations (a traffic signal and a congested restriction of capacity) to show the interest of a fine description of the traffic flow behaviour as far as noise estimation is concerned. The results of the model are also compared with experimental data in order to validate the representation of vehicles’ kinematics in the case of a starting platoon
Can, Arnaud. "Représentation du trafic et caractérisation dynamique du bruit en milieu urbain." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0119/these.pdf.
Full textRoad traffic noise prediction models usually consider traffic as a steady noise source. They fail in capturing urban traffic noise dynamics. Static models can be refined by considering mean vehicle trajectories. However, dynamic models improve noise assessment. Dynamic models couple a dynamic traffic model and bath noise emission laws and a sound propagation calculation. Dynamic models improve LAeq estimation and allow for LAeq, evolution estimation. Moreover, classical descriptors (LAeq, statistical descriptors) limits to assess traffic noise dynamics are shawn. Such descriptors fail to characterize noise variations at the traffic signal scale. Specifie descriptors are proposed, based on the analysis of the mean noise patter that repeats every traffic cycle and variations a round this pattern. Dynamics traffic models are compared for classical and specifie descriptors estimation. Models thal represent individually vehicle trajectories allows a precise estimation of LAeq, distributions and mean noise patterns. Lndividualization of behaviors from one vehicle to the others does not improve characterization, and makes calibration more complicated. Finally, the study shows that dynamic noise estimation is still precise even if data are aggregated on large periods. Congested, free and weak flow rates periods should nevertheless be considered for precise noise dynamics characterization
Leclercq, Ludovic Lesort Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation dynamique du trafic et applications à l'estimation du bruit routier." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2003. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/leclercq/index.html.
Full textChevallier, Estelle. "Modélisation dynamique du trafic et du bruit au niveau des carrefours giratoires." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0081/these.pdf.
Full textVehicle interactions occurring at intersections should be accounted for in order to improve traffic performance and noise impact assessments in urban areas. This PhD thesis focuses on merge modeling when one stream should give-way to the other one and extends this case to single-lane roundabout modeling. On-field studies revealed that merging behaviours differ whether downstream traffic state on the main road is congested or not. Considering deficiencies of current models to reproduce those behaviours, two novel merging algorithms - at a macroscopic and a microscopic scale – are developed. Both are then applied to simulate traffic flow at single-lane roundabouts. The models are validated from experimental data collected at different sites. They are integrated into a simulation tool for a whole urban network and combined to noise emission laws and propagation algorithms to form a dynamic noise estimation model. The obtained acoustic results are compared to noise levels observed in the vicinity of one single-lane roundabout. Relevance of the dynamic noise estimation model is also tested with respect to other existing noise prediction procedures when noise impacts of different kinds of intersections should be assessed
Barrière, Nicolas. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de la propagation du bruit de trafic en forêt." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDLA001.
Full textThis work presents a new calculation method for the attenuation of road traffic noise by forests. It allows the calculation of the different effects that influence sound along its propagation in forests : ground effect due to humus, trunk scattering effect and effect induced by the statibilisation of meteorological conditions within the forest. A new analytical scattering model based on a modal decomposition of the trunk scattered energy has been also developed. It has enabled to test the validity of the simplified statistical models. The calculation model of the forest effect is based on a fast implementation of the Parabolic Equation in 2D. Being applied to the calculation of sound pressure level next to a road, it has shown that for a 100 m wide forest belt and night meteorological conditions, one can obtain an attenuation of severel dB(A) referred to a plain field. Moreover, a 3D version of the Parabolic Equation has been applied to forests and has permitted to estimate interactions between ground effect, scattering effect and meteorological effect. Finally, in-situ measurements has been carried out in the French Landes forest in order to validate the complete model
Troïanowski, Mathieu. "Bruit de trafic routier : implications comportementales et écophysiologiques chez la rainette verte Hyla arborea." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10213/document.
Full textRoad traffic noise is undoubtedly the most important source of anthropogenic noise on terrestrial habitat. This thesis, at the interface between behaviour and physiology was designed to experimentally determine the impacts of road traffic noise exposure on both animal communication systems (acoustic and visual) and physiology (stress, immunity ...) The choice of Hyla arborea, species using both acoustic and coloured signals for communication, allowed us to efficiently test our various hypotheses. While in many bird species changes in acoustic communication system have been observed (in both the transmitter and receiver) my results do not show such disturbances in H. arborea. However, for the first time, I was able to highlight the impact of road traffic noise on visual communication, chronic exposure to traffic noise resulting in colouration loss in male. In addition, physiological measures have allowed me to show that road traffic noise exposure is stressful (corticosterone level rise) and has immunosuppressive effect (due stress rise) in H.arborea. Thus, this thesis demonstrates that road traffic noise may have a larger effect than previously thought by impacting, in addition to the acoustic communication, visual communication (impact on coloured signals) and animal physiology
Gonzalez-Rojo, Sergio. "Contribution au diagnostic, à la supervision et à la conduite du trafic urbain." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30058.
Full textMaigrot, Philéas. "Compréhension des mécanismes perceptifs associés à la gêne due aux bruit et vibrations du trafic ferroviaire en zone urbaine." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI051.
Full textVibrations due to railway traffic propagate from the tracks to inside neighbour houses. Residents who are exposed to vibrations are also exposed to railway noise. This combined exposure to noise and vibration leads to annoyance, as well as to some health issues. Few studies have been conducted to investigate this combined exposure in terms of annoyance. The goal of the thesis is to improve the knowledge concerning the perceptual phenomena involved when both railway noise and railway vibration occur at the same time. Experiments are carried out in controlled conditions for that purpose, using acoustic and vibratory recordings obtained in the vicinity of a railway track, inside a dwelling. A first study was conducted in order to test the validity of an experimental procedure allowing to collect annoyance responses in laboratory conditions. For several combinations of noise and vibration at different noise and vibration levels, annoyance responses were collected: 1) partial annoyance due to noise, 2) partial annoyance due to vibration and 3) total annoyance due to combined noise and vibration. Results of this first study led to a common procedure used for the rest of the experiments carried out during this thesis work. Studies about annoyance due to combined railway noise and vibration often use indices which only describe an amount of energy for each single exposure. Results can be contradictory. A second study was conducted in the laboratory in order to evaluate the influence of (noise and vibration) intensity on annoyance and to determine the reason of the contradictory results observed in the literature. The initial hypotheses made in the current work were that those could be due to the different ranges of variation of noise and vibratory levels, or to the different spectral contents of the stimuli used in the studies of interest. In the literature, there is a reported need of further investigations about the influence of parameters not related to vibration level (\textit{e.g.} frequency content, modulation) on railway vibration annoyance. During this thesis, work was done in the aim of a better understanding of the role of vibratory spectral content in specific annoyance due to vibration in the absence of noise. An experiment was conducted using artificial vibration stimuli based on the railway vibration recording spectra. The importance of parameters other than overall noise or vibration levels on variations of the annoyance due to combined railway noise and vibration was investigated during a last study. The stimuli were based on 19 noise and vibration recordings obtained inside a dwelling, after having reduced their duration to 10s and with controlled variations of noise and vibration levels. The results showed that the relative importance of temporal and spectral parameters of the combined exposure to noise and vibration was low as compared to that of energetic parameters
Nicolas, Jean-Pierre. "Ville, transports et environnement. Contributions relatives des parametres du trafic routier affectant la pollution sonore et atmospherique en milieu urbain." Lyon 2, 1996. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267185.
Full textMotorised road traffic - cars and lorries together - and its related nuisances increase regularly : land occupation, eviction of other activities and types of mobility, safety issues, congestion, noise and atmospheric pollution. . . In france, the road traffic increase was 50% over 15 years - from 320 billions of vehicles kilometers in 1980 to 487 in 1994. The urban part of this traffic follows the same trend, accounting for 27 to 28% of all. The two principal aims of this theses are, on one hand, the evaluation of the share of road traffic in noise and atmospheric pollution in cities and, in the other hand, the evaluation of respective shares of the main characteristics of the traffic in its own emissions (total trafic - ie. Veh. Km -, state of the congestion, technological characteristics of the vehicles). Two methodological ways are used. Firstly, a general approach of the social and economic context - but also technical and scientific - gives an idea of the stakes. Secondly, a specific tool is developped to show the influences of the 3 characteristics of the traffic on emissions. We use an assigment model applied to lyon in 1990, 1994, 2000 and 2010
Mahdjoub-Assaad, Sarah. "Les nuisances liées au trafic routier (bruit, pollution de l’air et insécurité) : de la gêne à la perception du risque sanitaire sous l’angle des inégalités sociales." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1252/document.
Full textAn important factor supporting urban growth, and the viability of the urban centers, is transportation but road transport is still a common important source of traffic accidents, noise, and air which have heavy consequences on public health such as annoyance. The main objective of our thesis was to identify the determinants of each kind of trafficrelated annoyance (sociodemographic, socioeconomic, daily mobilty). The secondary objective was to identify the determinants of health risk perception and the feelings of health effects on his own health. Then, tow cross-sectional studies have been conducted in the general population, in the Rhône Department, in France. The main finding of our study is that the socioeconomic level doesn’t play a rule neither in the expression of annoyance nor in the health risk perception. However, active travel modes and public transport users are highly annoyed by traffic air pollution and road-traffic noise more than motorized users. Moreover, annoyance related to air pollution seemed to influence the feeling of health effects of noise and air pollution. Our results should be useful for urban policies. Create a friendly environment by reducing the use of cars, promoting non-motorized or “active” travel mode use (walking, cycling), to improve public transport and to promote the use of public transport, avoiding to add noisy road infrastructure near population centers, to develop facilities for pedestrians and for cyclists - all of these measures are needed to reduce road-traffic nuisances and the feeling of annoyance
Rivenq, Atika. "Etude de systèmes anti-collision basés sur les techniques radar pour véhicules routiers." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/08c0d176-22f2-43e1-9790-c2656a116cac.
Full textMorizot, Sylvie. "Etude sur une population jeune et en bonne santé des effets d'un bruit de trafic routier, d'une benzodiazépine, et de leur conjugaison, sur les potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces, l'appareil cardiovasculaire et l'anxiété." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS011.
Full textGille, Laure-Anne. "Caractérisation physique et perceptive de différentes compositions de trafic routier urbain pour la détermination d'indicateurs de gêne en situation de mono-exposition et de multi-exposition." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSET005/document.
Full textRoad traffic noise, and in particular powered two-wheeler noise, constitute an important source of noise annoyance. In order to estimate the noise exposure in cities of more than 100 000 inhabitants, the European directive 2002/49/EC requires the elaboration of strategic noise maps, based on the Lden index. This index is also used in exposureresponse relationships, to predict the percentages of annoyed people, by road traffic noise for example. By coupling strategic noise maps and these exposure-response relationships, noise annoyance maps could be established. The relevance of this index to predict noise annoyance in cities is however often questioned, since many influential acoustical factors (e.g. spectral and temporal features) are not considered by this index. The aim of this thesis is to enhance the characterization of noise annoyance due to different compositions of urban road traffic including powered two-wheelers. To achieve this goal, experiments were carried out under controlled conditions. A first study concerned the influence of several acoustical features related to quiet periods and vehicle pass-by noises on the annoyance due to urban road traffic noise. This study demonstrated the influence of the presence of quiet periods and of the number of vehicles within the urban road traffic and to the absence of the influence of the order of the vehicle pass-by noises, the position and duration of quiet periods. These results were used to carry out the physical and perceptual characterization of different compositions of urban road traffic noise. Multilevel regression was used to calculate noise annoyance, by coupling combinations of indices relating to influential acoustical features and an individual factor: noise sensitivity. In cities, road traffic noise is often combined with other noises. In the framework of this thesis, noise exposure to road traffic noise combined with aircraft noise was studied. Therefore, the same work as the one performed for urban road traffic noise was carried out for aircraft noise, leading also to relevant combinations of noise indices. In order to characterize annoyances due to road traffic noise and to aircraft noise in a combined exposure situation, data from the previous experiments and from an experiment dealing with these combined noises were used through an appropriate multilevel regression, as done in literature. The regression allows annoyance models for each noise source to be proposed. Then, total annoyance due to combined noises was studied, in order to highlight the perceptual phenomena related to the combined exposure. Total noise annoyance models were proposed, using proposed annoyance model of each noise source. Finally, these single source annoyance models and total annoyance models were tested using data of a socio-acoustic survey. To do this, a methodology has been proposed to estimate the different indices involved in the annoyance models, from the Lden values obtained from the strategic noise maps and used to define the noise exposure of the respondents. This confrontation showed that the models proposed on the basis of experiments carried out under laboratory conditions and coupled with a methodology of estimation of the noise indices from Lden values, enabled a good prediction of in situ annoyance
Klein, Achim. "Annoyance indicators for various urban road vehicle pass-by noises and urban road traffic noise combined with tramway noise." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0002/document.
Full textNoise pollution is a major concern for residents of urban areas. To date, the European directive 2002/49/CE requires member states to represent community noise through noise maps. These are produced using the Lden (day-evening-night level) index which is also employed for dose-effect relationships in noise annoyance prediction. However, for the assessment of noise annoyance in urban areas, its relevance is often questioned. Numerous studies have shown that noise annoyance due to community noise is not solely based on the sound pressure level and other acoustical signal characteristics such as temporal and spectral features influence noise annoyance ratings. This thesis aims to improve the assessment of noise annoyance due to various road vehicle noises in cities. It is based on experiments carried out in laboratory conditions and comprises two main parts. The first addresses the enhancement of the physical and perceptual characterization of annoyance due to various urban road vehicle pass-by noises, such as buses, poweredtwo- wheelers, heavy vehicles and light vehicles. A specific focus is put on the characterization of annoyance due to powered-two-wheelers which are among the most annoying road vehicles and studied little in the existing literature. An indicator accounting for annoyance-relevant auditory attributes of urban road vehicle pass-by noises is determined: it comprises loudness, a spectral index and two modulation indices proposed in this work. In urban agglomerations, people are often exposed to road traffic in presence of a variety of other environmental noise sources. The focal point of the second part is on the prediction of total annoyance due to urban road traffic noise combined with tramway noise. In the aim of adequately characterizing total annoyance, first the perceptual phenomena involved in annoyance due to the combination of the sources are studied. Furthermore, the analysis allows for the testing of the proposed noise annoyance indicator for the characterization of urban road traffic noise. To characterize annoyance due to tramway noise, an indicator determined in a recent study is employed. Based on these indicators and the findings regarding perceptual phenomena, models for the prediction of total annoyance due to combined urban road traffic and tramway noise are proposed
Gloaguen, Jean-Rémy. "Estimation du niveau sonore de sources d'intérêt au sein de mixtures sonores urbaines : application au trafic routier." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0023/document.
Full textAcoustic sensor networks are being set up in several major cities in order to obtain a more detailed description of the urban sound environment. One challenge is to estimate useful indicators such as the road traffic noise level on the basis of sound recordings. This task is by no means trivial because of the multitude of sound sources that composed this environment. For this, Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is considered and applied on two corpuses of simulated urban sound mixtures. The interest of simulating such mixtures is the possibility of knowing all the characteristics of each sound class including the exact road traffic noise level. The first corpus consists of 750 30-second scenes mixing a road traffic component with a calibrated sound level and a more generic sound class. The various results have notably made it possible to propose a new approach, called ‘Thresholded Initialized NMF', which is proving to be the most effective. The second corpus created makes it possible to simulate sound mixtures more representatives of recordings made in cities whose realism has been validated by a perceptual test. With an average noise level estimation error of less than 1.3 dB, the Thresholded Initialized NMF stays the most suitable method for the different urban noise environments. These results open the way to the use of this method for other sound sources, such as birds' whistling and voices, which can eventually lead to the creation of multi-source noise maps
Siliezar, Montoya Jonathan. "Multi-source modelling of urban sound environments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1028.
Full textThe number of people living in cities is constantly increasing, and it is estimated that by 2050, almost 66% of the world's 9.5 billion inhabitants will be urban dwellers. With rapid urbanization, new environmental challenges of sustainable development and public health have become central. Evidence from numerous research endeavors have shed light on the negative impacts of prolongated exposure to noise on human health: increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases, mental health, and sleep disturbance. According to the European Environment Agency report in 2017, at least 18 million people are highly annoyed and 5 million are highly sleep disturbed because of long-term exposition to noise in the European Union. Political actions such as the 2002 European Directive have been introduced to assess the impact of noise by states and territorial players. To this end, noise maps have been enforced in the evaluation of the exposure to noise in a territory, however, they are limited to simple indicators of the acoustic environment: the average sound level when it exceeds a certain threshold, calculated only for a few sources considered as annoying or harmful (road, rail, air traffic, and industrial). These approaches often oversee the intrinsic dynamics and complexity of urban sound environments, thus neglecting their temporal dynamics and the multiplicity of sources that integrate the urban composition. Indeed, urban sound environments host a great diversity of sound sources, each contributing in its own way to the sonic experience of a place. They are characterized by their complexity, variability, and dynamic nature, shaped by factors such as urban design, land use patterns, infrastructure, and human behavior. As traditional assessment methods focused exclusively on noise sources, a new, multi-disciplinary approach emerged: the soundscape. Coined by R. M. Schafer in the 1970s, the soundscape concept diverges from the negative and reactive vision of noise control regulations and offers a perspective of the acoustical identity of a place, naturally intertwined with human perception. At its origins, the soundscape concept was coined as a “reconnecting experience with the sonic environment around” prior to evolving into a multidisciplinary approach centered around the human and that involves architects, urban designers, and local to national authorities. Often relying on perceptual assessments, acoustical data, and statistical models, the soundscape approach is used for estimating the dimensionality of soundscape attributes and the perception related to them, thus providing rich insights about the sonic quality of urban spaces and how humans relate to it. Nevertheless, due to the complex nature of these environments, a current scientific bottleneck in the modeling of such environments is the physical consideration of the multiplicity of sources and their dynamics. Thus, any pertinent representation of such complex systems should encompass all audible sounds, such as human voices, birdsong, water, or music and its dynamics; in addition to traditional “negative” sources (e.g. road traffic). In this context, multi-source modelling emerges as a promising framework to characterize urban sound environments. This approach allows for the simultaneous integration of diverse sound sources and their representation through the use of cartographic techniques. The ultimate goal of the work presented in this thesis is to develop and explore a numerical modelling framework for urban sound environments based on a multi-source principle that accurately conveys the dynamics of urban compositions.(...)
Abdmouleh, Mohamed Ali. "Pollution de l'air et sonore dans Paris à l'échelle intra-urbaine : répartition spatio-temporelle pendant et en dehors de la période de confinement du COVID-19 dans le XIIIème arrondissement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=5115&f=66643.
Full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various aspects of the environment. Road traffic has been greatly reduced due to lockdown-related restrictions, leading to an unprecedented decrease in noise levels and air pollution. This thesis proposes an original approach based on the measurement using portable sensors and modeling of noise, fine particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the 13th arrondissement of Paris during peak hours. The focus is on comparing atmospheric pollutant levels between COVID-19 lockdown days and non-lockdown days, taking into account meteorological conditions. Mobile survey data were collected using Aeroqual 500 air pollution sensors and EXTECH 4017764 noise sensors. This investigation confirms that road traffic appears to be a determining factor in both noise nuisance and air pollution. Daily average concentrations of noise, PM10, and NO2 calculated between 2020 and 2022 demonstrate strong spatiotemporal variability, explained partly by weather conditions and proximity to emission sources. Results from semi-itinerant measurement campaigns reveal a decrease of 6 to 10 dB(A) for noise, 15 to 25 µg/m3 for PM10, and a decrease of 30 to 50 µg/m3 for NO2 during the lockdown. Indeed, near main roads, we observe, on average, 57 to 63 dB(A) for noise, 55 to 75 µg/m3 for PM10, and 90 to 110 µg/m3 for NO2 during the lockdown, compared to 67 to 72 dB(A), 40 to 55 µg/m3, and 140 to 160 µg/m3 outside the lockdown. This research also aims to understand the risk areas in the 13th arrondissement of Paris regarding the aforementioned nuisances, using a 200m grid. It seeks to determine if certain population groups, such as children under 10, people over 65, and residents of social housing, are exposed to air pollution and noise levels exceeding European standards. We correlate different hazard degrees with vulnerabilities/issues to identify risk zones
Angelini, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude de nouvelles technologies de co-packaging et de co-design appliquées à la réalisation de modules photorécepteurs pour les systèmes de télécommunications de prochaine génération." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0023/document.
Full textThis thesis falls within the scope of high-speed short-reach optical communication where the growing need in data transfer forces the current architectures to evolve as quickly. Acces network and data-center components and subsystems must follow this growth, especially on the photoreceiver side. 40 Gb{s and beyond high-speed communications are limited by the current photoreceiver architecture, which, due to the integration of both of its main functions (photodetection[PD]/amplification[TIA]), limits the maximum achievable bandwitdh. In order to reduce the amount of components and price caused by multi-architectures, photoreceivers bandwidth must be increased. Two solutions are proposed so that the photoreceiver performances can be optimized : A co-packaging approach in which both main functions of the photoreceiver are considered as black boxes to which must be added an external circuit allowing to increase the bandwidth, and a co-design approach in which a new transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed, integrating a pre-equalizing function based on the photodiode characteristics, allowing an enhancement of the photoreceiver bandwitdh
Meyer, Rodolphe. "Prise en compte du bruit des transports routiers dans l'analyse du cycle de vie : développement des facteurs de caractérisation dépendant du temps pour les impacts sur la santé." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0879/document.
Full textNoise affects human health, causing annoyance, sleep disturbance and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The quantification of noise impacts highlights it as a public health problem for which road traffic is mainly responsible. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique to assess the environmental impacts of a product, a service or a process. Despite taking into account many environmental problems, the impact of noise on human health is not yet properly taken into account in LCA. The aim of this PhD thesis is to integrate the impact of traffic noise on human health in the LCA framework.The scientific elements of acoustics and epidemiology that allow this integration are presented. An analysis of the existing methods is conducted by applying them to a case study. This helps to understand the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches while comparing the results they provide. A method to integrate the impact of road traffic noise on human health in the LCA framework is then proposed. The method is based on noise prediction software and data made available by the Directive 2002/49/EC. This makes it possible to establish, with great precision, characterisation factors (CFs) connecting elementary flows of the LCA inventory with an impact on human health.The method is then applied to a sample of small geographic areas selected in the region surrounding the city of Lyon (France). The application of the method and the analysis of the results provides a multitude of information regarding the potential existence of a typology for spatial differentiation, the best form for the collection of noise information at the LCA inventory level, the spatial variability of the CFs and the uncertainties that may be associated with them. The CFs obtained show that integrating the impact of noise into LCA could double the impact of road transport on human health. This PhD thesis also identifies further potential research topics. Similar work needs to be done for other transport modes (mainly trains and airplanes) to allow for a fair comparison of different transport modes in LCA studies. Repeating this method in other geographical areas with other acoustic emission and propagation models and/or other noise prediction software would also help the generalisation of this work and the assessment of possible sources of uncertainties