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Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 July 2023

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1

Orsal, B., R. Alabedra, M. Valenza, G. Lecoy, J. Meslage, and C. Boisrobert. "Les photodiodes à avalanche Hg0,4Cd0,6Te à λ = 1,55 μm. Bruit près de la résonance due au couplage spin-orbite." Revue de Physique Appliquée 22, no. 4 (1987): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:01987002204022700.

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2

Bouteloup, Philippe. "Bruit des villes et bruit des champs." Spirale N° 68, no. 4 (2013): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spi.068.0084.

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3

Dequiré, Anne-Françoise. "Quand les minutes de silence au collège font grand bruit." Spirale - Revue de recherches en éducation N° 67, no. 1 (2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spir.067.0127.

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4

Müh, Roger. "Le bruit s'organise, joue avec le silence et devient musique." Spirale 53, no. 1 (2010): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spi.053.0109.

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5

Rao, Shashank Vittal, Matteo Piccardo, and Alessandro Soncini. "Study of the most relevant spin–orbit coupling descriptions of magnetic excitations in a series of lanthanide complexes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 15 (2022): 9007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05469d.

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This study on spin-orbit coupling descriptions of magnetic excitations in lanthanide complexes compares the accuracy in crystal field energies and magnetic anisotropies calculated using different approximations to the Breit-Pauli spin-orbit Hamiltonian.

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6

GHOSH, S., and S. MUKHERJEE. "BREIT-FERMI INTERACTIONS AND FINE-HYPERFINE SPLITTING IN HEAVY QUARKONIA." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 13 (July 10, 1989): 1277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389001465.

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The adequacy of using the Breit-Fermi type of interactions for describing the fine hyperfine splittings of heavy quarkonia has been examined critically. A potential model which just about accommodates the trend of the recent data on 1P1 states has been studied. The possibility of including the spin-dependent contributions of a pseudoscalar exchange potential is also considered. It is shown that the choice of the Breit-Fermi form for the spin-dependent interactions severely constrains the generally accepted non-relativistic potential and do not allow enough freedom to fit the recent data on 1P1 levels.

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7

Duan, Jun-Xin, Yun Zhou, Zhi-Zhong Xie, Tao-Lei Sun, and Jun Cao. "Incorporating spin–orbit effects into surface hopping dynamics using the diagonal representation: a linear-response time-dependent density functional theory implementation with applications to 2-thiouracil." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 22 (2018): 15445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01852a.

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8

DAREWYCH, JURIJ W., MARKO HORBATSCH, and ROMAN KONIUK. "RELATIVISTIC CHARGED PARTICLE SCATTERING WITH SPIN SPIN INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 01, no. 01 (March 1992): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301392000072.

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We consider scattering solutions to relativistic wave equations derived within the framework of a Hamiltonian variational method for Quantum Electrodynamics. The wave equations contain the spin-dependent Breit interaction terms as the Fock-space Ansatz samples the transverse photon degrees of freedom. For the case of uncharged scalar particles exchanging massive bosons (scalar Yukawa model) reasonable agreement with a solution of the Bethe–Salpeter equation in ladder approximation is obtained. For the case of the pseudoscalar and scalar channels in QED, we determine the phase shifts as a function of energy.

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9

Liu, Qing, Jiguang Li, Jianguo Wang, and Yizhi Qu. "Effect of Electron Correlation and Breit Interaction on Energies, Oscillator Strengths, and Transition Rates for Low-Lying States of Helium." Chinese Physics Letters 38, no. 11 (December 1, 2021): 113101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/11/113101.

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The transition energies, E1 transitional oscillator strengths of the spin-allowed as well as the spin-forbidden and the corresponding transition rates, and complete M1, E2, M2 forbidden transition rates for 1s 2, 1s2s, and 1s2p states of He I, are investigated using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method. In the subsequent relativistic configuration interaction computations, the Breit interaction and the QED effect are considered as perturbation, separately. Our transition energies, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical results. As a result, the QED effect is not important for helium atoms, however, the effect of the Breit interaction plays a significant role in the transition energies, the oscillator strengths and transition rates.

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10

Yarkony, David R. "Spin-forbidden chemistry within the Breit-Pauli approximation." International Reviews in Physical Chemistry 11, no. 2 (September 1992): 195–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442359209353270.

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11

LOUIS-MARTINEZ, DOMINGO J. "A DERIVATION OF THE BREIT EQUATION FROM BARUT'S COVARIANT FORMULATION OF ELECTRODYNAMICS IN TERMS OF DIRECT INTERACTIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 11 (April 10, 2012): 1250064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312500642.

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We study Barut's covariant equations describing the electromagnetic interactions between N spin-1/2 particles. In the covariant formulation each particle is described by a Dirac spinor. It is assumed that the interactions between the particles are not mediated by a bosonic field (direct interactions). Within this formulation, using the Lagrangian formalism, we derive the approximate (semirelativistic) Breit equation for two interacting spin-1/2 particles.

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12

MALIK, F. BARY. "ELECTRON-ELECTRON INTERACTION IN THE NON-RELATIVISTIC LIMIT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 25n26 (October 20, 2010): 5252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210057377.

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The electron-electron potential in the one-photon exchange approximation with the omission of the spin-spin interaction, leads to the classical Coulomb interaction, but the inclusion of the latter results in the Møller interaction. Bethe and Fermi showed that the latter interaction leads to the Breit potential, if a few of the terms in the expansion of the retardation effect are considered. In this article, it is shown that the higher order terms omitted in the Bethe-Fermi treatment reduces to terms of the same order in Dirac's alpha-matrices considered by Bethe and Fermi. This raises questions whether the Breit interaction is the appropriate first order correction to the Coulomb potential in the non-relativistic limit. It is pointed out that the nature of the interaction between two bound (1s) electron derived by Brown using the Schwinger formalism of the quantum electrodynamics but proposed empirically in 1929 by Gaunt could be a better correction to the Coulomb potential for bound electrons in atoms. The calculated energies using these matrix elements plus the vacuum polarization energies are in reasonable agreement with the data. For comparison, calculated energies using the Breit interaction plus vacuum polarization energies are also presented.

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13

Havlas, Zdeněk, Mojmír Kývala, and Josef Michl. "Spin-Orbit Coupling in Biradicals. 4. Zero-Field Splitting in Triplet Nitrenes, Phosphinidenes, and Arsinidenes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 12 (2003): 2335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20032335.

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The spin dipole-spin dipole and spin-orbit coupling contributions to the zero-field splitting parameter D of CH3-N, CH3-P, CH3-As, SiH3-N, SiH3-P, and SiH3-As have been calculated from CAS(12,11)/cc-pVTZ wave functions and the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian at T1 B3LYP/cc-pVTZ optimized geometries. The spin-orbit coupling contributions represent a minor correction for the nitrenes, and bring the value computed for methylnitrene from 1.66 to 1.84 cm-1, in good agreement with experiment (1.72 cm-1). They dominate the spin-spin terms by an order of magnitude in phosphinidenes and by more than two orders of magnitude for arsinidenes. The properties of all these perfect axial biradicals follow expectations based on the simple algebraic 2-in-2 model of biradical structure.

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14

Shiozaki, Toru. "Communication: An efficient algorithm for evaluating the Breit and spin–spin coupling integrals." Journal of Chemical Physics 138, no. 11 (March 21, 2013): 111101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795430.

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15

Borka Jovanović, V., D. Borka, P. Jovanović, J. Milošević, and S. R. Ignjatović. "Masses of constituent quarks confined in open bottom hadrons." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 38 (December 9, 2014): 1450202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314502022.

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We apply color-spin and flavor-spin quark–quark interactions to the meson and baryon constituent quarks, and calculate constituent quark masses, as well as the coupling constants of these interactions. The main goal of this paper was to determine constituent quark masses from light and open bottom hadron masses, using the fitting method we have developed and clustering of hadron groups. We use color-spin Fermi–Breit (FB) and flavor-spin Glozman–Riska (GR) hyperfine interaction (HFI) to determine constituent quark masses (especially b quark mass). Another aim was to discern between the FB and GR HFI because our previous findings had indicated that both interactions were satisfactory. Our improved fitting procedure of constituent quark masses showed that on average color-spin (FB) HFI yields better fits. The method also shows the way how the constituent quark masses and the strength of the interaction constants appear in different hadron environments.

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16

Morton, Donald C., and G. W. F. Drake. "Oscillator strengths for spin-changing P–D transitions in He I including the effect of a finite nuclear mass and intermediate coupling." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 9 (September 2017): 828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0890.

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We have calculated the electric dipole (E1) oscillator strengths and spontaneous decay rates for 12 spin-changing P–D transitions of atomic helium. We included the effects of the finite nuclear mass and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. The specific transitions for 4He are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with n = 2, 3, 4 and n′ = 3, 4. To include the effects of intermediate coupling between pure LS and jj, we used the Breit formulation for the spin–orbit and spin–other-orbit operators and combined the results of the exact diagonalization of the 2 × 2 energy matrix with pseudostate expansions to perform the perturbation sums over intermediate states. We calculated both the length and velocity gauges as a check on numerical accuracy and the validity of the transition operators.

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17

S. Almeida, Nuno M., Timothé R. L. Melin, Sasha C. North, Bradley K. Welch, and Angela K. Wilson. "Ab initio composite strategies and multireference approaches for lanthanide sulfides and selenides." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 024105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094367.

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The f-block ab initio correlation consistent composite approach was used to predict the dissociation energies of lanthanide sulfides and selenides. Geometry optimizations were carried out using density functional theory and coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples with one- and two-component Hamiltonians. For the two-component calculations, relativistic effects were accounted for by utilizing a third-order Douglas–Kroll–Hess Hamiltonian. Spin–orbit coupling was addressed with the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian within a multireference configuration interaction approach. The state averaged complete active space self-consistent field wavefunctions obtained for the spin–orbit coupling energies were used to assign the ground states of diatomics, and several diagnostics were used to ascertain the multireference character of the molecules.

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18

Bilbao, Julia, and Argimiro H. de Miguel. "Estimation of Daylight Downward Longwave Atmospheric Irradiance under Clear-Sky and All-Sky Conditions." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 878–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2503.1.

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Abstract Daylight downward longwave irradiance data recorded over a flat place for the period between April 2001 and December 2004 in Valladolid, Spain, have been compared with estimates generated using four different schemes. The parameterization schemes of Brutsaert, Swinbank, Idso, and Brunt have been considered and calibrated for the comparison. Root-mean-square errors (rmse), mean bias errors, and linear regression correlations have been used to compare measured and estimated values. The results of this comparison show that, for clear-sky conditions, rmse values range between 19.57 and 8.85 W m−2 for calibrated schemes and between 39.78 and 11.13 W m−2 for original ones. The Idso and Brunt schemes give the best results with calibrated coefficients, and the Brunt scheme performs the best with original coefficients. A new scheme for estimating daylight downward longwave irradiance under “all-sky” conditions has been developed based on clear-sky schemes and solar global shortwave irradiance, and, after comparing measured and estimated values by calibrated schemes, it has been found that the Idso and Brunt schemes give the best results.

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19

Morton, Donald C., Paul Moffatt, and G. W. F. Drake. "Relativistic corrections to He I transition ratesThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 1 (January 2011): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-067.

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The relativistic corrections to the theoretical oscillator strengths of light elements such as helium are typically less than 0.1% and usually are ignored. However, they can be important for comparisons with the most accurate experiments, and they rapidly increase in magnitude with increasing nuclear charge. We have begun with the spin-forbidden electric-dipole transitions of neutral helium, using calculations consisting of (1) extremely accurate wave functions without relativistic corrections for both infinite and finite nuclear mass, (2) spin-changing matrix elements through the perturbations of the wave functions by the spin-orbit and spin-other-orbit Breit operators, (3) the use of pseudostates in the sums over all the intermediate states including the continuum, and (4) the inclusion as perturbers of the 1S0 and 3S1 states the pseudostates corresponding to the doubly excited npn′p 3P 0e and npn′p 1P 1e terms, respectively. As examples of these calculations, we present oscillator strengths for the transitions 1 1S0–2 3P1, 2 1S0–2 3P1, 2 3S1–2 1P1, 2 1P1–3 3D1,2, and 2 3P1,2–3 1D2.

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20

Singh, Jagjit, Sunny Aggarwal, A. K. Singh, and Man Mohan. "Breit–Pauli atomic structure calculations for sulphur-like titanium." Canadian Journal of Physics 90, no. 9 (September 2012): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p2012-074.

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Configuration interaction calculation has been performed for excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities of 114 fine-structure levels of sulphur-like titanium. The relativistic effects are included in Breit–Pauli approximation by adding mass-correction, Darwin, and spin–orbit interaction terms to the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian. We have adjusted the diagonal elements of Hamiltonian matrices (fine-tuning) before the calculation of oscillator strength and transition probabilities for the electric dipole allowed transitions. Our calculated data are in close agreement with data listed in National Institute of Standards and Technology and other available results. Correct identification of some of the levels become very difficult because of strong mixing among several fine-structure levels. We predict new energy levels, oscillator strength, and transition probability data, where no other theoretical or experimental results are available, which will form the basis for future experimental work.

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21

Dyall, Kenneth G. "An exact separation of the spin‐free and spin‐dependent terms of the Dirac–Coulomb–Breit Hamiltonian." Journal of Chemical Physics 100, no. 3 (February 1994): 2118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466508.

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22

Gould, M. D., and J. S. Battle. "Spin‐dependent unitary group approach to the Pauli–Breit Hamiltonian. II. First order energy level shifts due to spin–spin interaction." Journal of Chemical Physics 99, no. 8 (October 15, 1993): 5983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465897.

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23

Aucar, I. Agustín, Sergio S. Gómez, Claudia G. Giribet, and Martín C. Ruiz de Azúa. "Breit interaction effects in relativistic theory of the nuclear spin-rotation tensor." Journal of Chemical Physics 139, no. 9 (September 7, 2013): 094112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819958.

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24

HANSSON, T. H., M. SPORRE, and J. M. LEINAAS. "ANYONS FROM DIRAC FERMIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 01 (January 10, 1991): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391002608.

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We show that interacting Dirac fermions in 2+1 dimensions behave as anyons in the non-relativistic limit. The reason is a spin-orbit coupling originating from both the magnetic μ · B-type interaction and the Thomas precession effect. We demonstrate this phenomenon by calculating and analyzing the Breit potential or QED and a scalar exchange theory to O(1/c2). We also show that there is a qualitative difference between the statistical phases arising from the magnetic interaction and from the Thomas precession, in that only the former can be detected as a Berry phase.

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25

Giner-Monfort, Jordi, Kelly Hall, and Charles Betty. "Back to Brit: retired British migrants returning from Spain." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42, no. 5 (November 4, 2015): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2015.1100068.

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26

FUJIWARA, Y., M. KOHNO, and Y. SUZUKI. "P-WAVE ΛN-ΣN COUPLING AND THE SPIN-ORBIT SPLITTING OF $_\Lambda^9 {\rm{Be}}$." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 11n13 (April 30, 2009): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309000528.

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We reexamine the spin-orbit splitting of [Formula: see text] excited states in terms of the SU6 quark-model baryon-baryon interaction. The previous folding procedure to generate the Λα spin-orbit potential from the quark-model ΛN LS resonating-group kernel predicted three to five times larger values for ΔEℓs = Ex(3/2+) - Ex(5/2+) in the model FSS and fss2. This time, we calculate Λα LS Born kernel, starting from the LS components of the nuclear-matter G-matrix for the Λ hyperon. This framework makes it possible to take full account of an important P-wave ΛN-ΣN coupling through the antisymmetric LS(-) force involved in the Fermi-Breit interaction. We find that the experimental value, [Formula: see text], is reproduced by the quark-model G-matrix LS interaction with a Fermi-momentum around kF = 1.0 fm -1, when the model FSS is used in the energy-independent renormalized RGM formalism. On the other hand, the model fss2 gives too large splitting of almost 200 keV, owing to the uncanceled contribution of the scalar-meson exchange LS components.

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27

Gould, M. D., and J. S. Battle. "Spin‐dependent unitary group approach to the Pauli–Breit Hamiltonian. I. First order energy level shifts due to spin–orbit interactions." Journal of Chemical Physics 98, no. 11 (June 1993): 8843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464494.

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28

Gupta, G. P., and A. Z. Msezane. "Large-scale CIV3 calculations of fine-structure energy levels and radiative rates in Al-like copper." Canadian Journal of Physics 87, no. 8 (August 2009): 895–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p09-049.

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We have performed large-scale CIV3 calculations of excitation energies from the ground state for 97 fine-structure levels as well as of oscillator strengths and radiative decay rates for all electric-dipole-allowed and intercombination transitions among the fine-structure levels of the terms belonging to the (1s22s22p6)3s23p, 3s3p2, 3s23d, 3p3, 3s3p3d, 3p23d, 3s3d2, 3s24s, 3s24p, 3s24d, 3s24f, and 3s3p4s configurations of Cu XVII. These states are represented by very extensive configuration-interaction (CI) wave functions obtained with the CIV3 (Configuration-Interaction Version 3) computer code of Hibbert. The important relativistic effects in intermediate coupling are incorporated by means of the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian, which consists of the nonrelativistic term plus the one-body mass correction, Darwin term, and spin–orbit, spin–other-orbit, and spin–spin operators. To keep our calculated energy splittings as close as possible to the experimental values (wherever available), we have made small adjustments to the diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian matrices. Our calculated excitation energies, including their ordering, are in excellent agreement with the available experimental results. From our radiative decay rates we have also calculated radiative lifetimes of some fine-structure levels. The mixing among several fine-structure levels is found to be so strong that the correct identification of these levels becomes very difficult. We believe that our extensive calculations will be useful to experimentalists in identifying the fine-structure levels in their future work. In this calculation we also predict new data for several fine-structure levels where no other theoretical and (or) experimental results are available.

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29

Song, Huai-Hang, Wei-Min Wang, Yan-Fei Li, Bing-Jun Li, Yu-Tong Li, Zheng-Ming Sheng, Li-Ming Chen, and Jie Zhang. "Spin and polarization effects on the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler pair production in laser-plasma interaction." New Journal of Physics 23, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 075005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac0dec.

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30

Perez, Sofia A. "The Pandemic and the Long Shadow of Austerity in Southern Europe." Current History 122, no. 842 (March 1, 2023): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.842.95.

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Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal have suffered some of Europe’s worst health outcomes in the COVID-19 pandemic. The same countries also bore the brunt of the European sovereign debt crisis a decade earlier, when they were forced to undertake severe budget austerity measures in return for financial support from European institutions. Austerity left their economies and health care systems weakened when the pandemic arrived. Yet they were able to avoid another surge in unemployment, showing that some lessons were learned from the financial crisis.

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31

Hu, Li-Yun, and Bin Zhou. "Spin-dependent Breit—Wigner and Fano resonances in photon-assisted electron transport through a semiconductor heterostructure." Chinese Physics B 20, no. 6 (June 2011): 067201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/20/6/067201.

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32

Niu, Xiang Hong, Wen Wen Shan, Shuai Wang, and De Heng Shi. "Accurate spectroscopic calculations on the X2Σ +, A2Π, and 22Σ + electronic states of the BeAr+ cation including spin-orbit coupling." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 5 (May 2014): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0031.

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The complete active space self-consistent field/internally contracted multireference configuration interaction calculations with the correlation-consistent basis sets have been made to characterize all of the states of BeAr+ cation, which are attributed to the first two dissociation channels. The effect on the potential energy curves by Davidson correction, core-valence correlation, and scalar relativistic corrections is included. The spin-orbit coupling effect is taken into account by the state interaction method with the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian. Our calculations can provide some useful guidelines for the future experimental work of band system 22[Formula: see text]+1/2-X2[Formula: see text]+1/2. For the first time, the transition properties including Franck−Condon factors and transition dipole moments have been derived for all of the Ω states. Some transition probabilities and radiative lifetimes have been estimated.

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33

Pinheiro-Mariz, Josilene, and Bruno Rafael Costa Venâncio da Silva. "Entre a língua e a literatura: variação linguística e ensino de espanhol." Signum: Estudos da Linguagem 18, no. 2 (January 10, 2015): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2237-4876.2015v18n2p404.

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<p> </p><p><span><span style="font-size: medium;">Tencionamos rediscutir o lugar do texto literário no âmbito do ensino de línguas estrangeiras (ou adicionais). Tal intento está ancorado na necessidade da não dissociação dos dois principais eixos de base do profissional de Letras: Língua e Literatura. Trazemos reflexões que julgamos necessárias para a formação desse profissional, posto que trabalhar entre a língua e a literatura é tarefa delicada e indispensável, sobretudo para o professor da área. Portanto, discutiremos a importância da relação entre língua e literatura, a partir dos estudos da variação linguística no ensino do espanhol, no Brasil, tendo-se na literatura, o principal ponto de referência para tais ponderações. Primeiramente, discutiremos a variação linguística no ensino de espanhol, partindo-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica aportada em </span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;">Moreno Fernández, (2010), Vilhena, (2013), Andión Herrero, (2008) e Lucchesi, (2004) e em</span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;"> pesquisa documental embasada nas Orientações Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (2006). Ancorados nos estudos de Preti (2004) sobre a variação linguística em textos literários e em Brait (2000;</span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;"> 2010</span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;">), discutiremos a importância do trabalho com textos literários no ensino da língua espanhola. Ao término, traçaremos algumas considerações enfatizem a exequibilidade de uma abordagem do textos literários em aula de língua sem que se requeira a sua dicotomização.</span></span></p><p> </p>

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34

Matsushita, Toshio, Christel M. Marian, Rainer Klotz, and Sigrid D. Peyerimhoff. "Potential-energy curves, zero-field splittings, and radiative lifetimes for low-lying states of AsH." Canadian Journal of Physics 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-026.

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Large-scale multireference configuration-interaction (MRD-CI) calculations in an atomic-orbital (AO) basis set containing up to f functions on As and d on hydrogen are employed to study the potential-energy curves of the π2(X3Σ−, a1Δ, b1Σ+), the σ → π, and the π → σ3.1Π states; a large number of σ → σ* states; and the lowest π → s,p Rydberg series. The σ → σ* states are strongly repulsive and exhibit numerous interactions with the Rydberg members causing predissociation. The probabilities for the spin-forbidden transitions from b1Σ+and a1Δ to the X3Σ−ground state as well as the zero-field splittings of theX3Σ−and A3Π states have been evaluated by employing a variational perturbation scheme in which the zero-order wave functions are MRD-CI expansions. The perturber states are determined by their spin-orbit interactions, which are calculated by employing the Breit–Pauli one- and two-electron spin-orbit operator. The radiative lifetime of the b1Σ+ state is predicted to be 0.35 ms, whereby the dominant mechanism is deactivation to the ms = ±1 component.The parallel transition is found to be much weaker. The lifetime of a1Δ is calculated to be 22 ms, whereby the process [Formula: see text] is favored. Both b–X and a–X transitions borrow their intensity primarily from the A3Π–X3Σ− transition and, furthermore, the 1Π–a1Δ and higher 3,1Π state spin-allowed transitions. The probability for the quadrupole b–a transition is evaluated to be three orders of magnitude smaller than the b–X transition. The calculated zero-field splitting of the X3Σ− ground state amounts to 101.4 cm−1, and the fine-structure splitting between the 2, 1, and 0+ components of the A3Π state evaluated to be 544.5 and 674.4 cm−1, respectively, in good accord with experimental results; whereas the calculated Λ doubling of the0+–0− fine-structure levels of the A3Π state (35.2 cm−1 vs. 44.72 cm−1) is too small in the present treatment. The dependence of spin-orbit effects and transition probabilities on AO basis sets and relativistic corrections to the zero-order Hamiltonian are discussed, and it is concluded that lifetime calculations for spin-forbidden processes in first- and second-row molecules can be extended in a fairly straightforward manner to systems with considerable spin-orbit interactions.

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Zamora, Lois Parkinson. "New World Baroque, Neobaroque, Brut Barroco: Latin American Postcolonialisms." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 1 (January 2009): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.1.127.

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During the seventeenth century, the Baroque was exported wholesale to the areas of the world being colonized by Catholic Europe. It is one of the few satisfying ironies of European imperial domination worldwide that the baroque worked poorly as a colonizing instrument. Its visual and verbal forms are ample, dynamic, porous, and permeable, and in all areas colonized by Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the baroque was itself eventually colonized. In the New World, its transplants immediately began to incorporate the cultural perspectives and iconographies of the indigenous and African laborers and artisans who built and decorated Catholic structures. Cultural heresies (and heretics) often entered unnoticed or were ignored for reasons of expediency. Asian influences arrived on the Nao de China (the Manila Galleon) with artifacts from Japan, China, the Moluccas, and the Philippines, destined for Europe but portaged across New Spain, thus joining the diverse cultural streams that over time came to constitute the New World baroque. And, in time, the baroque was also transformed in Europe by New World influences: its materials (silver from Mexico and Peru, ivory from the Philippines), its motifs (fauna and flora from the Caribbean, the Orinoco, the Amazon), and its methods (artistic, doctrinal, indoctrinating).

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Xiao-Lu, Wang, Chen Shao-Hao, Han Xiao-Ying, and Li Jia-Ming. "Fine-Structure Splittings of Nitrogen Isoelectronic Sequence: Competitions among Spin–Orbit Interactions, Breit Interactions and Electron Correlations." Chinese Physics Letters 25, no. 3 (March 2008): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/25/3/027.

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GIANNINI, M. M., and M. I. KRIVORUCHENKO. "RELATIVISTIC Ω−-HYPERON ATOM." International Journal of Modern Physics E 02, no. 04 (December 1993): 899–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301393000431.

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The X-ray transitions of the Ω−-hyperons captured to the atomic orbits of heavy nuclei can be used to measure with high precision the mass, magnetic and quadrupole moments of the Ω−-hyperon. In the presence of accurate measurements, a careful treatment of the relativistic effects beyond the lowest order ones described by the Fermi-Breit potential is required. We consider a relativistic wave equation for the bound states of the Ω−-hyperon in the Coulomb static potential taking into account the magnetic, quadrupole and octupole moments of the Ω−-hyperon. The kinematic constraints are imposed to the Rarita-Schwinger spinors using Lagrange’s multipliers. These constraints are equivalent to the requirement that timelike and spacelike spin-1/2 components of the Rarita-Schwinger spinors be zero in the comoving particle frame. We perform a reduction of this equation to eight coupled equations for the radial wave functions which can be used for numerical estimates of the relativistic effects beyond (v/c)2.

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Yu, Wei, Zunlue Zhu, Chuncai Cheng, and Deheng Shi. "A theoretical investigation of the S2+ cation in the gas phase." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 1041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0255.

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The potential energy curves (PECs) of 18 lowest energy Λ-S states of the S2+ cation have been calculated using the complete active space self-consistent field method followed by the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction approach with the Davidson modification. When spin−orbit coupling is computed using the Breit−Pauli Hamiltonian with the cc-pCVTZ basis set, the 18 Λ-S states split into 56 Ω components. To improve the quality of the PECs, core−valence correlation and scalar relativistic corrections are included. All PECs are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. Based on the PECs obtained by the icMRCI+CV+DK+Q/(CBS-56) calculations, the spectroscopic parameters of 17 Λ-S bound states and 50 Ω bound states are obtained. The transitions (including the Franck−Condon factors and radiative lifetimes) from two low-lying states to the ground state are calculated for several low vibrational levels. Analyses show that the spectroscopic parameters reported here can be expected to be reliably predicted.

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Lago-Peñas, Santiago, Xoaquín Fernández-Leiceaga, and Alberto Vaquero-García. "Spanish fiscal decentralization: A successful (but still unfinished) process." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, no. 8 (April 20, 2017): 1509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417704663.

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Both fiscal and political decentralization have been a worldwide trend in recent decades. Spain is probably the best example of this evolution, insofar as it became one of the most decentralized countries in the world in just over three decades, departing for a highly centralized institutional framework. This paper aims to conduct a detailed analysis of this process, focusing on the fiscal aspects. While we show the successful aspects, we also point out its shortcomings and failures. Those lessons from Spain can be very useful for centralized or low decentralized countries involved in designing institutional reforms to become more decentralized. Our second aim is to review the way in which the Spanish sub-central levels of government have responded to the so-called “Great recession”. Again, Spain is a good laboratory for what actually works and what does not in the area of stability and fiscal sustainability in decentralized states, for two reasons. First, it is by far the country which has suffered the brunt of the economic and financial crisis most acutely among those with a federal structure. And second, subsequent different solutions for tackling the fiscal crisis of sub-central governments have been tested.

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Vasilyev, Oleg A., and Viktor G. Solomonik. "FIRST-PRINCIPLES SIMULATION OF THE CERIUM TRIFLUORIDE INFRARED SPECTRUM BEYOND THE BORN–OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186103.5636.

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The group-theoretical analysis was carried out to derive a spin-vibronic model Hamiltonian and a diabatic dipole moment operator for a cerium trihalide molecule, CeX3. The model comprises seven lowest-lying 4f1 electronic states coupled by six vibrational modes, (A2'' + E' + E'' + A1' + A2') × (a1' + a2'' + e' + e'), with an accounting for spin-orbit coupling. Multimode potential energy surfaces have been calculated for the CeF3 molecule at the multi-reference singles and doubles configuration interaction level of theory corrected for quadruple excitations, MRCISD+Q, and dipole moment surfaces at the MRCISD level. A hybrid approach employing a quasi-diabatization technique was utilized to determine the relevant model parameters up to forth order in power series of the Q1(a1'), Q3(e'), Q4(e') normal coordinates, and eighth order of the Q2(a2'') out-of-plane bending normal coordinate. Spin-orbit coupling was taken into account through zero-order, with the respective constants obtained from matrix elements of the Breit–Pauli operator in the basis of states generated at the MRCISD level. The spin-vibronic Hamiltonian and dipole moment operator obtained in this way has been utilized in the variational calculations to simulate the infrared absorption spectrum of CeF3. The resulting spectrum features a complex structure owing to an intricate interplay of the vibronic (Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller) and spin-orbit coupling effects, and hence cannot be explained within the conventional Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. The strongest absorption appearing in the simulated spectrum at about 500 cm–1, mostly associated with the Q3(e') stretching mode, is split into two bands by about 3 cm–1. This finding is in full agreement with the CeF3 matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy data. On the whole, the results of the calculations clearly indicate the vibronic rather than vibrational origin of the spectral bands, including the bands in the low-frequency region of the spectrum, and thus show the fallacy of the generally accepted assignment of the bands observed in the experiment to the fundamental vibrational transitions of the molecule made on the assumption of the admissibility of describing this within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. The new assignment of the experimental IR spectrum of CeF3 is proposed.Forcitation:Vasilyev O.A., Solomonik V.G. First-principles simulation of the cerium trifluoride infrared spectrum beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 31-44

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Koseki, Shiro, Dmitri G. Fedorov, Michael W. Schmidt, and Mark S. Gordon. "Spin−Orbit Splittings in the Third-Row Transition Elements: Comparison of Effective Nuclear Charge and Full Breit−Pauli Calculations." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 105, no. 35 (September 2001): 8262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp011677r.

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Havriliak, Stephen J., and David R. Yarkony. "On the use of the Breit–Pauli approximation for evaluating line strengths for spin‐forbidden transitions: Application to NF." Journal of Chemical Physics 83, no. 3 (August 1985): 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449480.

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Paul, John, and Cherish Paul. "A retrospective observational study of the impact of Tigecycline in treating multidrug resistant pneumonia." International Journal of Clinical Trials 4, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20172541.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Few antimicrobials are currently active to treat extensively drug resistant (XDR) gram-negative bacilli infections. This represents a serious global public health concern. Critically ill patients face the brunt of majority of these infections. Tigecycline has coverage for a majority of these XDR infections (with the exception of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>), but is not currently approved for hospital-acquired pneumonia. Nevertheless it is being commonly used for this indication though many meta-analysis have suggested an increased risk of death in patients receiving this antibiotic. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In this retrospective analysis we compared the mortality rates between a Tigecycline based and a non Tigecycline based therapy for XDR infections in the critically ill over a period of 12 months. A total of 93 patients were included in the study.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Tigecycline group had significantly increased risk for in hospital mortality with an odds ratio of 6.0 and 95% CI of 1.37 to 26.12 with a p value of 0.01. But such a difference was not evident in 14 day mortality. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Initiation of Tigecycline for multidrug resistant, pneumonia needs to be re-thought. Only a small percentage of patients with pneumonia with <em>in-vitro</em> sensitivity having low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) would benefit from the drug. Even in this group the risk of increased mortality needs to be carefully considered before Initiation of therapy</span>.</p>

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van Dijk, Mathijs A., Hendrik P. van Dalen, and Martin Hyde. "Who bears the brunt? The impact of banking crises on younger and older workers." Journal of the Economics of Ageing 17 (October 2020): 100264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2020.100264.

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Chappell, Amanda, Kelly Smith, and JoNell Strough. "OLDER AGE IS (STILL) ASSOCIATED WITH MENTAL HEALTH BENEFITS IN JUNE–JULY 2021 OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1955.

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Abstract In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, older age was associated with less anxiety and depression (Bruin de Bruin, 2021). Similar results were found for data collected during the June-July 2020 spike in cases (Smith et al., 2021). Theorists have suggested that benefits of age for well-being may be reduced when stressors are prolonged and unavoidable (Charles, 2010). Here, we investigated whether older age continued to be protective in June-July 2021, when vaccines had become widely available, but the pandemic persisted. Secondary data analysis was conducted from the Understanding America Study, based on n=5,535 (M=52.69 yrs., SD=16.04) participants who responded to online self-report surveys. Participants reported symptoms of anxiety and depression (assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-4), engagement in protective behaviors (e.g., wearing a mask), and coping strategies (e.g., getting extra exercise). Multiple regression analyses predicted anxiety and depression from age, coping strategies, and protective behaviors, controlling for marital status, gender, and income. Coping through exercise and calling family/friends were significantly associated with less anxiety and depression, whereas coping by using social media and engaging in protective behaviors was significantly associated with more anxiety and depression. The harmful effects of protective behaviors may reflect the people engaging in these strategies most often are also those most worried about COVID-19. Even after accounting for coping strategies and protective behaviors, older age was still associated with fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression. Implications of older adults’ resilience in the face of a prolonged stressor for promoting mental health are discussed.

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Ielo, Ileana, Giulia Rando, Fausta Giacobello, Silvia Sfameni, Angela Castellano, Maurilio Galletta, Dario Drommi, Giuseppe Rosace, and Maria Rosaria Plutino. "Synthesis, Chemical–Physical Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Functional Gold Nanoparticles: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 5823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195823.

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Relevant properties of gold nanoparticles, such as stability and biocompatibility, together with their peculiar optical and electronic behavior, make them excellent candidates for medical and biological applications. This review describes the different approaches to the synthesis, surface modification, and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) related to increasing their stability and available features useful for employment as drug delivery systems or in hyperthermia and photothermal therapy. The synthetic methods reported span from the well-known Turkevich synthesis, reduction with NaBH4 with or without citrate, seeding growth, ascorbic acid-based, green synthesis, and Brust–Schiffrin methods. Furthermore, the nanosized functionalization of the AuNP surface brought about the formation of self-assembled monolayers through the employment of polymer coatings as capping agents covalently bonded to the nanoparticles. The most common chemical–physical characterization techniques to determine the size, shape and surface coverage of AuNPs are described underlining the structure–activity correlation in the frame of their applications in the biomedical and biotechnology sectors.

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Yarkony, David R. "On the use of the Breit–Pauli approximation for evaluating line strengths for spin‐forbidden transitions. II. The symbolic matrix element method." Journal of Chemical Physics 84, no. 4 (February 15, 1986): 2075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450416.

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48

Nicklass, Andreas, Kirk A. Peterson, Andreas Berning, Hans-Joachim Werner, and Peter J. Knowles. "Convergence of Breit–Pauli spin–orbit matrix elements with basis set size and configuration interaction space: The halogen atoms F, Cl, and Br." Journal of Chemical Physics 112, no. 13 (April 2000): 5624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481137.

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Dyb, Kari. "Bruk/ikke bruk av telemedisin i svangerskaps- og fødselsomsogen." Nordisk tidsskrift for helseforskning 7, no. 2 (January 30, 2012): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/14.2227.

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><em>Norge har, i likhet med flere andre stater i den vestlige verden, investert betydelige beløp på innføring av informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi (IKT) i helsesektoren. Til tross for politisk optimisme viser forskning at mange teknologiprosjekter feiler. Forklaringene på feilslåtte teknologiprosjekter er mange og til dels ulike. Det er likevel en klar tendens til å kategorisere IKT-utfordringene enten som teknologiske eller som organisatoriske. Denne artikkelen viser at det er mer til saken med å forstå utfordringene med bruk av IKT. Med utgangspunkt i en empirisk analyse av hvordan telemedisin både blir brukt og ikke tatt i bruk i svangerskaps- og fødselsomsorgen argumenterer Dyb for hvordan en materiellsemiotisk tilnærming er et godt inntak til å belyse mangfoldet i hva som skjer når ny teknologi blir innført i helsesektoren. Til slutt drøfter hun hvordan en materiellsemiotisk tilnærming dermed også er et godt inntak til refleksjoner omkring helsepolitiske teknologiforståelser</em></span>

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Kosugi, Nobuhiro, and Toshimasa Ishida. "Molecular field and spin–orbit splittings in the 2p ionization of second-row elements: a Breit–Pauli approximation applied to OCS, SO2, and PF3." Chemical Physics Letters 329, no. 1-2 (October 2000): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01005-8.

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