Academic literature on the topic 'Browsing regime'
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Journal articles on the topic "Browsing regime"
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Kupferschmid, Andrea D., Ulrich Wasem, and Harald Bugmann. "Browsing regime and growth response of Abies alba saplings planted along light gradients." European Journal of Forest Research 134, no. 1 (August 18, 2014): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-014-0834-2.
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Kupferschmid, Andrea D., Stephan Zimmermann, and Harald Bugmann. "Browsing regime and growth response of naturally regenerated Abies alba saplings along light gradients." Forest Ecology and Management 310 (December 2013): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.048.
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Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Isabel Thibault, Christian Dussault, Jean Huot, and Steeve D. Côté. "Long-term decline in white-tailed deer browse supply: can lichens and litterfall act as alternative food sources that preclude density-dependent feedbacks." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-090.
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Selective browsing by cervids has persistent impacts on forest ecosystems. On Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada, introduced white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) have caused massive changes to the native boreal forest. Despite the apparent stability of the deer population over recent decades, we suspected that they were not at equilibrium with their browse supply and that further degradation of the habitat had occurred. A comparison of two browse surveys conducted 25 years apart showed a strong decline in browse availability. Although balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.) remained the most available browse species, it declined or disappeared from most stands (n = 13). Preferred deciduous species that were still available 25 years ago have almost disappeared. The continuous decline of the browse supply confirmed our hypothesis. This situation may be exacerbated by a subsidy from the winter litterfall, a significant and stable alternative food source. The abundance of litterfall from mature trees is independent of browsing over a long time period, which introduces a temporal uncoupling between the impact of deer browsing on balsam fir seedlings and the negative feedback from recruitment failure of mature balsam fir on the deer population. This means that the system is susceptible to being forced into an alternative regime.
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Welch, David, and David Scott. "Response of moorland vegetation to 20 years of conservation management in two Cairngorm glens." British & Irish Botany 1, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33928/bib.2019.01.020.
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The response of vegetation to a large reduction in red deer numbers was assessed over a 20 year period in two contrasting glens in the Eastern Cairngorms. Monitoring was done in spring when the annual maximum herbivore impact accumulates on the heather. We estimated deer presence from pellet-group counts, and for heather we measured cover, height and shoot browsing. Deer numbers declined earlier in Glen Derry, and correspondingly heather height increased sooner. Trends in Glen Lui were related to plot wetness and distance from places where the deer were fed in winter; dry plots received much heavier usage from deer and rabbits initially, keeping the heather short and cover stable, whereas on wet plots usage was much lower and heather increased both in cover and height. Subsequently, as deer densities fell, the Lui heather thrived, and by 2013 heather height on dry plots had surpassed height on wet plots. Colonisation by pine saplings was very patchy, being virtually confined to plots within 50 m of mature trees and having heather swards less than 25 cm tall. Despite deer numbers falling, saplings still suffered browsing by black grouse, lagomorphs and voles. Annual increments were greatest on dry plots in Glen Lui. However, we estimate that another eight years of negligible deer numbers are needed for the present sapling crop to become safe from deer damage. A limited regime of burning near mature pines may assist regeneration.
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Tomori, Zoltán, Ivan Krekule, and Lucie Kubínová. "DISECTOR PROGRAM FOR UNBIASED ESTIMATION OF PARTICLE NUMBER, NUMERICAL DENSITY AND MEAN VOLUME." Image Analysis & Stereology 20, no. 2 (May 3, 2011): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v20.p119-130.
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A DISECTOR program is presented, offering the possibility to count particles by the disector or unbiased sampling brick principles as well as to apply the point-counting method needed for estimation of the particle volume density or mean particle volume. Three modes of counting, two semi-automatic and one automatic, are offered, allowing the user to choose the one most suitable for his image data. In a semi-automatic regime, the user marks and counts individual particles by a mouse during browsing through the stack of images. In the algorithm working in an automated mode, the role of a human operator is suppressed, assuming that segmented objects are available in individual levels. The settings of the point grid and 3-D probe can be tailored for each application. The DISECTOR program applications are shown on the examples of the estimation of the number and numerical density of mesophyll cells in a Norway spruce needle and the mean volume of tubular cells in a chick embryonic kidney.
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Diaci, Jurij, Tomaz Adamic, and Andrej Rozman. "Gap recruitment and partitioning in an old-growth beech forest of the Dinaric Mountains: Influences of light regime, herb competition and browsing." Forest Ecology and Management 285 (December 2012): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.010.
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Nigar, Meher. "Environmental liability and global commons: a critical study." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to give an outline of existing laws that regulate each area of the Commons. With specific reference to the growing international concern for the protection of the global commons, this paper aims to re-examine to what extent present legal regime for global commons is successful. Finally, it proceeds with some way outs and suggestions that may, if adopted, play significant role to protect common areas from environmental damage. Design/methodology/approach This paper is purely analytical. Analytical approach has been applied to proceed with the write-up which is basically based on the review of primary and secondary literature studies including books, scholarly articles and laws. Internet-browsing is being used for collection of most recent literature on the subject. Relevant case studies in this regard are evaluated. Findings Transboundary damage is a practical and contextual matter requiring concrete rules and principles, both procedural and substantive. Here, priority is to establish minimum standards of conduct for such activities that affect the environment of global commons, at the national and international level. An expertly designed treaty with balanced contents, which are strong enough to hold the state parties liable for their activities and, at the same time, motivating enough to be bound by obligation by ratification, is to be adopted. Originality/value This paper is original in calling for the full participation of all states, rich and poor, to address damage to global commons effectively and efficiently.
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Clark, Shannon L. "Using Herbicides to Restore Native Species and Improve Habitat on Rangelands and Wildlands." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_apr_02.
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Invasive winter annual grasses are one of the largest threats to the arid and semiarid rangelands and wildlands in the Intermountain West of North America. The most impactful species include downy brome (Bromus tectorum), medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae), ventenata (Ventenata dubia), and to a lesser extent Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), feral rye (Secale cereale), and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). These winter annuals can germinate in the fall, winter or early spring, exploiting soil moisture and nutrients before native plant communities begin active growth in the spring. These characteristics impart a competitive advantage in the perennial grass dominated natural landscapes of the Intermountain West. Downy brome, a winter annual grass native to Eurasia, is the most widespread invasive species in the western US covering an estimated 22 million ha and a projected 14% annual spread rate. Invasive winter annuals negatively impact these ecosystems by depleting soil moisture and nutrients, reducing native plant productivity and diversity, altering fire frequency, and diminishing pollinator and wildlife habitat. Large amounts of litter which act as a fuel source are left after these grasses senesce early in the summer, greatly increasing the frequency and spread of wildfires in invaded areas. Historically, fire frequency in the 41 million ha sagebrush steppe occurred every 60 to 110 years, but this interval has been shortened to less than every five years since the introduction of invasive annual grasses. Annual grasses quickly (re)invade after these fires while sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), the dominant vegetation type in the sagebrush steppe, can take decades to recover. Therefore, the altered fire regime has resulted in a substantial loss of sagebrush and converted millions of hectares into monocultures of winter annual grass. This altered fire regime also negatively impacted the abundance of small mammals, birds, larger browsing mammals, and pollinating insects in the sagebrush steppe. Managing the weed seedbank is the key to long-term control of invasive winter annual grasses on rangelands and wildlands. Past herbicides have provided adequate short-term control but have often failed due to annual grasses reinvading from the soil seedbank. Indaziflam is a new tool for land managers to achieve multi-year control of the annual grass seedbank while promoting restoration of native species. As wildlife and pollinator habitat continue to be degraded and fragmented through development and agricultural production, indaziflam is a viable option for restoring the rangelands and wildlands impacted by winter annual grasses in the Intermountain West that serve as critical habitat areas.
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Munro, Nicola T., Katherine E. Moseby, and John L. Read. "The effects of browsing by feral and re-introduced native herbivores on seedling survivorship in the Australian rangelands." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 4 (2009): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08027.
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Browsing by introduced cattle (Bos taurus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) can limit the recruitment of some arid zone tree and shrub species. In a study conducted at the Arid Recovery Reserve, Roxby Downs, SA, we aimed to quantify initial recruitment changes in shrubs after the removal of cattle and rabbits and the re-introduction of locally extinct fauna. The presence and abundance of seedlings was measured at groves of seven native perennial shrubs over 6 years under four browsing treatments: (1) ‘reserve-reintroductions’ [re-introduced greater stick-nest rats (Leporillus conditor), burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur) and greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis)], (2) ‘reserve-no browsers’, (3) ‘pastoral-stocked’ (rabbits and cattle), and (4) ‘pastoral-destocked’ (rabbits). Recruitment of mulga (Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth.), silver cassia (Senna artemisioides subsp. petiolaris Randell) and sandhill wattle (Acacia ligulata A.Cunn. ex Benth.) was significantly greater in the two browsing regimes inside the Reserve than in the two pastoral regimes. The number of recruits of these three species declined at ‘pastoral-destocked’ and ‘pastoral-stocked’ sites but increased at ‘reserve-reintroductions’ and ‘reserve-no browsers’ sites from 2001 to 2006. Narrow-leaf hopbush (Dodonaea viscose (L.) Jacq.) showed a trend towards increased recruitment at sites in both browsing regimes inside the Reserve, but decreased recruitment at sites in both pastoral regimes. Native plum (Santalum lanceolatum R.Br.), native apricot (Pittosporum phylliraeoides orth. var. DC.) and bullock bush (Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) S.T.Reynolds) exhibited no significant difference in recruitment between the four browsing regimes within the study timeframe. These results suggest that excluding rabbits and stock may benefit the germination and survival of mulga, silver cassia and sandhill wattle. To date, re-introduced native herbivores at low numbers have not been found to negatively affect the recruitment or growth rate of the seven perennial plant species studied.
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O'Dea, M. E., M. Newton, E. C. Cole, and M. Gourley. "The Influence of Weeding on Growth of Browsed Seedlings in Douglas-Fir Plantations." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/15.3.163.
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Abstract Large Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) transplants were exposed to heavy browsing pressure under various weeding regimes in two experiments continued 4 and 5 yr, respectively. Browsing had relatively little effect on seedlings that did not receive weed control because potential growth was modest. With increasing degrees of weed control, seedlings that escaped browsing grew more rapidly. Weeding facilitated escapement from reach of browsing and increased net growth significantly because of both escapement and increased rates of recovery after herbivory. When subjected to repeated browsing, seedlings were similar in size in plots weeded both the first year and for 2 yr. Seedlings in plots weeded at both levels were larger than those in unweeded plots. Intensive weeding after planting appears to be a useful and integrative method of protecting seedlings from browsing losses. West. J. Appl. For. 15(3):163-168.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Browsing regime"
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au, k. maher@murdoch edu, and Kellie Maher. "Encroachment of sandplain heathland (kwongan) by Allocasuarina huegeliana in the Western Australian wheatbelt: the role of herbivores, fire and other factors." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081211.92011.
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Kwongan, also known as sandplain heathland, occurs in remnant vegetation throughout the fragmented landscape of the Western Australian wheatbelt. This vegetation community has high levels of species richness and endemism, and is of high conservation value. In many vegetation remnants in the wheatbelt the native tree species Allocasuarina huegeliana (rock sheoak) is expanding out from its normal range and encroaching into kwongan. A. huegeliana may ultimately dominate the kwongan, causing a decline in floristic diversity. Altered disturbance regimes, particularly the absence of fire and reduced or absent browsing mammal herbivores, are likely to be responsible for causing A. huegeliana encroachment.
This study used experimental and observational data from patches of kwongan in three Nature Reserves in the central and southern wheatbelt to investigate the role of fire, native mammal activities and interactions between these two factors in shaping A. huegeliana woodlandkwongan community boundaries. Investigations were carried out into the characteristics of encroaching A. huegeliana populations; the environmental factors affecting the extent of encroachment, naturally recruited juveniles, and seedling emergence and establishment; historical and current abundances of native mammals; and the effects of mammal herbivores on seedling establishment during inter-fire and post-fire periods.
Results from this study confirm that A. huegeliana has encroached into kwongan throughout the wheatbelt region and recruitment appears likely to continue in most areas. Few of the environmental factors measured in this study affected the extent of encroachment, the locations of naturally recruited A. huegeliana juveniles, and seedling germination and establishment. Western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) browsed extensively on seedlings, which largely prevented them from establishing in open areas of kwongan. However, numerous A. huegeliana seedlings escaped browsing herbivores by establishing in perennial shrubs, where they appeared to be tolerant of increased levels of inter-specific competition.
There was no native mammal common to all three Reserves that declined around the time that A. huegeliana encroachment most likely began in the 1970s. In addition, tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) had little effect even where their densities were high. It is therefore unlikely that the decline of an individual mammal species initiated encroachment. A. huegeliana encroachment appears to be driven by increased propagule pressure, which is in turn caused by increased inter-fire intervals. Long periods of time without fire have enabled fire-sensitive A. huegeliana trees to produce increasing quantities of seed that are continuously released into kwongan. A range of other factors may interact synergistically with this process to affect encroachment and these are also discussed. This study considered the implications of these findings for management of remnant vegetation in fragmented landscapes, particularly kwongan in the Western Australian wheatbelt, and areas for further research are suggested.
Conference papers on the topic "Browsing regime"
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DUMINS, Karlis, Toms STALS, and Dagnija LAZDINA. "FOREST REGENERATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT BY ASTA SYSTEM." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.178.
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In Latvia one third of the total forest area is regenerated by planting tree seedlings and therefore it is important to choose the appropriate soil preparation method and the right type of regeneration material for each forest type. Usually the success of afforestation is evaluated by how high is the average seedling survival rate and growth parameters like height, annual increment, diameter at breast height while the location of the seedling is disregarded. This may be of great importance since in such stands the environmental conditions typically are not entirely homogenous. Micro topography differences impact seedling growth, because it modifies water regime, temperature, micronutrient availability, sun radiation and other factors. Therefore, aim of this work is to improve monitoring methods and determine the most efficient soil preparation and seedling preparation combination to improve the quality of forest regeneration. That could be done using ASTA documentation system originally developed to show seedling and mound location and density in planting area during mechanic planting. But it also allows to link the precise location of the seedling and growing conditions with its growing rate and survival and therefore it is easier to exclude seedlings that are affected by other factors than those that you are interested in, so you can gain more representative results. This also could be used in forest management. When using ASTA system it is also possible to display how different tree disease are distributed in the stand, if they have spread eventually or localized only in some parts of the stand, also it can be used for browsing and other tree damage monitoring in the stand. In conclusion: in harsh environmental conditions on unprepared forest soil and soil prepared in furrows made by disc trench larger seedlings show better survival rate. Survival of seedlings is significantly impacted by micro topography, whereas mounded micro sites equalize local environmental conditions that reduce impact of micro topography.
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Jung, Jungil, and Jinsoo Cho. "Detailed-information browsing to form centralized mesh structure in region of interest." In the 4th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2108616.2108672.
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Liu, Huiying, Shuqiang Jiang, Qingming Huang, Changsheng Xu, and Wen Gao. "Region-based visual attention analysis with its application in image browsing on small displays." In the 15th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1291233.1291298.
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