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Academic literature on the topic 'Browsing impacts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Browsing impacts"

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Reimoser, Friedrich. "Hinweise zum richtigen Gebrauch von Verbisskennzahlen | Guidance on the Correct Use of Browsing Indicators." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 150, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.1999.0184.

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Browsing indicators that are used in literature are mostly not operationally defined. Therefore, comparisons of browsing impacts caused by wildlife are often not drawable or lead to false conclusions. The most important criteria of definition for the browsing percentage are the browsing object (part of tree), the duration of browsing exposedness, the tree height, and the tree species. Some examples of browsing-indicator definitions are presented. The difference between the browsing impact derived from the browsing percentage, and the browsing damage derived from the forest-regeneration target are especially focussed on.
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Box, Jayne Brim, Catherine E. M. Nano, Glenis McBurnie, Donald M. Waller, Kathy McConnell, Chris Brock, Rachel Paltridge, Alison McGilvray, Andrew Bubb, and Glenn P. Edwards. "The impact of feral camels (Camelus dromedarius) on woody vegetation in arid Australia." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 2 (2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15073.

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Data on the extent of feral camel damage on trees and shrubs in inland Australia are scarce, and there is currently no universally accepted theoretical framework for predicting the impact of a novel large mammal browser on arid vegetation. In other (mainly mesic) grassy systems, large mammal browsers can strongly suppress woody biomass across landscapes by limiting the transition of saplings to adulthood and by significantly thinning adult tree canopies. The recent Australian Feral Camel Management Project provided an opportunity to assess the impacts of camel browsing on woody vegetation in inland Australia. We examined browsing intensity and severity (stunting and canopy loss) in 22 species of woody plants in camel-affected regions across inland Australia prior to camel removal operations. The severity of plant damage increased with camel density as both trees and shrub growth were strongly suppressed where camel densities exceeded 0.25 km–2. In most tree and shrub species tested, camel browsing significantly stunted plants, suggesting that camel browsing has long-term impacts on plant populations. Browsing also reduced canopy volume in several species, including the structurally important Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth. Thus, in this dryland ecosystem, camels can curtail the regeneration and growth of woody species enough to threaten ecosystem health. To avoid adverse impacts on woody plant populations, camel densities should be maintained at 0.25 camels km–2 or less over as much of inland Australia as possible.
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White, Shannon, Xinbiao Zhu, Fanrui Meng, Scott Taylor, and Charles P. A. Bourque. "Intensive moose browsing and small-scale domestic woodcutting impacts on forest successional trajectories in Gros Morne National Park, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 97, no. 3 (September 2021): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2021-033.

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Moose (Alces alces L.) browsing in Gros Morne National Park has damaged its balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.)-dominated forest. A forest estate model was used to evaluate (i) the impacts of moose browsing and woodcutting on forest succession and (ii) strategies of forest restoration through planting and moose population management. The simulation results show that under current heavy browsing pressure growing stock of balsam fir decreases by 38%, but the area of spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP and P. glauca (Moench) Voss) increases by 32% over a 100-year planning horizon, compared to that under light browsing scenario which is assumed to be similar to the forest outside the Park due to moose population management. Annual allowable cut (AAC) for the Park’s 19 400 ha domestic harvest area is estimated to be around 120 979 m3 in a light browsing scenario, 21% higher than the sustainable harvest level in a heavy browsing scenario. The model forecasts a 97% reforestation of the Park’s 7 194 ha disturbed area by planting in the heavy browsing scenario, leading to an increase in total forest growing stock by 22% and AAC by 12%. Integration of planting with moose population management could be a more efficient way of restoring forest under high browsing pressure in GMNP.
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Bödeker, Kai, Christian Ammer, Thomas Knoke, and Marco Heurich. "Determining Statistically Robust Changes in Ungulate Browsing Pressure as a Basis for Adaptive Wildlife Management." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081030.

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Ungulate browsing has a major impact on the composition and structure of forests. Repeatedly conducted, large-scale regeneration inventories can monitor the extent of browsing pressure and its impacts on forest regeneration development. Based on the respective results, the necessity and extent of wildlife management activities such as hunting, fencing, etc., can be identified at a landscape scale. However, such inventories have rarely been integrated into wildlife management decision making. In this article, we evaluate a regeneration inventory method which was carried out in the Bavarian Forest National Park between 2007 and 2018. We predict the browsing impact by calculating browsing probabilities using a logistic mixed effect model. To provide wildlife managers with feedback on their activities, we developed a test which can assess significant changes in browsing probability between different inventory periods. To find the minimum observable browsing probability change, we simulated ungulate browsing based on the data of a potential browsing indicator species (Sorbus aucuparia) in the National Park. Sorbus aucuparia is evenly distributed, commonly found, selectively browsed and meets the ecosystem development objectives in our study area. We were able to verify a browsing probability change down to ±5 percentage points with a sample size of about 1,000 observations per inventory run. In view of the size of the National Park and the annual fluctuations in browsing pressure, this estimation accuracy seems sufficient. In seeking the maximal cost-efficiency, we were able to reduce this sample size in a sensitivity analysis by about two thirds without severe loss of information for wildlife management. Based on our findings, the presented inventory method combined with our evaluation tool has the potential to be a robust and efficient instrument to assess the impact of herbivores that are in the National Park and other regions.
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Barrett, Kevin J., and Oswald J. Schmitz. "Effects of Deer Settling Stimulus and Deer Density on Regeneration in a Harvested Southern New England Forest." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/690213.

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Elevated deer densities have led to reports of forest regeneration failure and ecological damage. However, there is growing evidence that the biophysical conditions of a forest that make it attractive to deer may be a contributing factor in determining browsing levels. Thus, an understanding of settling stimulus—how attractive an area is to deer in terms of food-independent habitat requirements—is potentially important to manage deer browsing impacts. We tested the settling stimulus hypothesis by evaluating the degree to which thermal settling stimulus and deer density are related to spatial variation in browsing intensity across different forest harvesting strategies over the course of a year. We determined if deer were impacting plant communities and if they resulted in changes in plant cover. We quantified the thermal environment around each harvest and tested to see if it influenced deer density and browsing impact. We found that deer had an impact on the landscape but did not alter plant cover or diminish forest regeneration capacity. Deer density and browse impact had a relationship with thermal settling stimulus for summer and fall months, and deer density had a relationship with browse impact in the winter on woody plants. We conclude that thermal settling stimulus is an important predictor for deer density and browsing impact.
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Loupiac, Philippine, and Alain Goudey. "How website browsing impacts expectations of store features." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2018-0146.

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Purpose E-commerce has become a key component of brand retail strategies since the advent of omni-channel distributions. Many researchers have investigated the strategic role of e-commerce, and some recent articles show the importance of exploring the impact of this distribution model on consumer behaviour. However, there is no study focusing on how visits to a website create expectations of the shop. Relying on the expectancy-value theory and the omni-channel literature, the purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by focusing on how the digital channel can create expectations for the physical channel. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on 24 semi-directive interviews with consumers, and all interviews included a browsing session on a real website. The methodology consists of both a thematic analysis of the interviews and a lexicographic analysis of the verbatim. Findings The findings reveal that direct online experience on a website will create beliefs about the physical stores of the same brand. These beliefs will, in turn, influence consumer attitudes towards the store. The study is the first to highlight such a link between channels and to explain in detail how this relationship arises. Originality/value The main contribution of this work includes showing the existence of a strong link between web-based and physical retail. From a managerial perspective, the study suggests that, from an omni-channel perspective, the design of the website impacts expectations towards the physical store in terms of its atmosphere, its location, its merchandising and even its level of crowding.
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Melin, M., J. Matala, L. Mehtätalo, A. Suvanto, and P. Packalen. "Detecting moose (Alces alces) browsing damage in young boreal forests from airborne laser scanning data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 1 (January 2016): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0326.

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Large herbivores can have large impacts on their habitats through extensive browsing. Similarly, human actions can have large impacts both on habitats and on the animals utilizing the habitats. In Finland, the increase in clear-cut areas has been highly positive for moose in particular, because these areas provide an easy and abundant source of winter food. For the forest owners, moose browsing causes growth and quality losses or even the destruction of whole stand. We aimed to identify moose browsing damage from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and to predict damaged areas. The data was used to detect the difference in forest structure caused by moose browsing (lost branches and twigs) in relation to reference areas without moose browsing. The damaged areas were located, measured, and confirmed by forestry professionals, and ALS data was collected after the damage. In the end, the structural differences that browsing caused proved to be clear enough to be detected with metrics calculated from ALS data. Many variables were significantly different between the damage and no-damage areas. With logistic regression, we were able to differentiate the areas with significant, large-scale damage from no-damage areas with a 76% accuracy. However, the model was too keen to predict false-positive cases (classifying no-damage areas as damaged). It was shown that ALS data can be used in detecting moose browsing damage in a case where the damage is extremely severe (like in here). Yet, to make the results more accurate, better field data about the damaged areas would be needed.
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Hoppe-Speer, Sabine C. L., and Janine B. Adams. "Cattle browsing impacts on stunted Avicennia marina mangrove trees." Aquatic Botany 121 (February 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.10.010.

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DAHDOUH-GUEBAS, F., D. VRANCKEN, T. RAVISHANKAR, and N. KOEDAM. "Short-term mangrove browsing by feral water buffalo: conflict between natural resources, wildlife and subsistence interests?" Environmental Conservation 33, no. 2 (June 2006): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906003080.

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Management of the natural environment and its resources leads to conflicts between different stake-holders worldwide. Recently mangrove browsing by feral water buffalo in the East-Godavari Delta (India) has been considered a threat to the regeneration of mangroves by the local Forest Department, which led to conflicts between the authorities and local herds-men who have an ancient tradition involving feral water buffalo. The impact of browsing and grazing of mangroves by feral water buffalo was monitored. Feral water buffalo consumed mangroves, but not to the extent claimed by the Forest Department, prefering Avicennia alba, A. marina and A. officinalis. Their browsing behaviour was not linked to a height zone, and buffalo preferred the fresh leaves from previously undamaged branches. Under experimental and natural conditions, browsing induced compensatory regrowth in Avicennia. The carrying capacity of the mangrove appears to be sufficient to accumulate impact. There are both positive and negative impacts of livestock animals on forest ecosystems, and sociocultural consequences must be carefully assessed prior to enforcing a change in natural resource or environmental management. Before banning feral water buffalo from the mangrove, forest managers should confront their prejudices about the real impact of feral herbivores on these forests.
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O'Kane, Christopher A. J., Kevin J. Duffy, Bruce R. Page, and David W. Macdonald. "Overlap and seasonal shifts in use of woody plant species amongst a guild of savanna browsers." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 03 (March 10, 2011): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000817.

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Abstract:To clarify the potential influence of different browsers in the same guild on woody vegetation, dietary overlap and separation between elephant, giraffe, kudu, nyala and impala was assessed in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa. Woody species browsed, browsing heights, plant-parts browsed and browsing versus grazing were recorded over 2 y by direct observation. We obtained 3068 browse records. Niche breadth (Levins' measure) and overlap (Schoener's index) in species browsed and browsing heights were calculated. Annual and seasonal differences in these measurements, plant-part use and browsing versus grazing were assessed. Elephant utilized the largest number (n = 78) of different woody plant species. Overlap in species browsed was lower between elephant and other browsers than amongst the latter. Seasonal rainfall influenced the range of woody plants utilized, niche breadth in terms of species browsed and browsing versus grazing. Marked resource depletion caused elephant, contrary to theoretical predictions, to narrow niche breadth in terms of species browsed. However, resource depletion rarely had a significant effect on interspecific overlap in species browsed or overlap in browsing heights, on actual browsing heights or plant-parts utilized. A small suite (n = 8) of woody species formed the core diet of all guild members, implying the potential for synergistic impacts by guild members on these species and for competition between populations of different guild members.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Browsing impacts"

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Tshireletso, Koketso. "Simulated Browsing Impacts on Aspen Sucker's Survival and Growth." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6430.

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Western forests dominated by aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are highly regarded by most resource managers for their ability to provide a variety of benefits (Bartos and Mueggler 1982, Mueggler 1988). They noted aspen to be beneficial for production of livestock forage, wildlife habitat, and scenic beauty, and they are a potentially valuable source of wood products. However, in the West, communities are concerned about the dwindling acreage of aspen. The decline of aspen has been partly attributed to excessive ungulate browsing (Smith et al. 1972, Collins and Urness 1983, Bartos and Campbell 1998). Long-term grazing exclosures have also revealed that browsing by native and domestic ungulates hindered aspen regeneration throughout south-central Utah, including changes in understory species composition ( e.g. Kay and Bartos 2000). However, though ungulate browsing is an established cause of poor success in aspen regeneration, beyond that fact, very little is known about the particulars of the response, especially how it is affected by time and intensity of browsing.
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Tshireletso, Koketso. "Simulated Browsing Impacts On Aspen Suckers' Density, Growth, and Nutritional Responses." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/133.

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Heavy and repeated ungulate browsing on reproductive suckers has limited trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) regeneration on many Western landscapes. However, little is known about the specific effects of season and intensity of browsing. My objectives were to determine the effects of season and intensity of clipping (simulated browsing) on suckers’ (1) density and growth characteristics, and (2) nutritional quality and quantity. Three randomly selected stands were clear-felled in mid-July, 2005, and fenced. Simulated browsing treatments of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% removal of current year’s growth were randomly applied in early, mid-, and late summers of 2006 and 2007. Sucker density, height, leader length, twig numbers, bud numbers, basal area, and biomass harvested were monitored in each quadrat. Harvested material was analyzed for crude protein and in vitro true dry matter digestibility. Early summer clipped suckers suffered no winter mortality compared to mortalities of 41% and 42% for mid- and late summer clipped suckers, respectively. However, even at the highest mortality, there were still ample numbers of suckers for stand regeneration. Sucker height was restricted by all early summer treatments. Clipping at 20% and 40% in mid- and late summer, respectively, did not reduce sucker height, but suckers clipped 60% were ≤ 40 cm shorter than controls. Twig and bud density both declined with increasing intensity of clipping. By the study’s end, basal area of early summer clipped suckers was higher than for those clipped in late summer. Crude protein of clipped biomass decreased with season’s advance and clipping intensity. Levels ranged from 12.8% to 22.9% and 10.6% to 16.5% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Digestibility ranged from 80.1% to 93.4% and 75.2% to 90.7% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Biomass (260 vs. 181 kg/ha) and total digestible dry matter (197 vs. 142 kg/ha) harvested were higher in mid-summer clipped plots in 2007 than in 2006, respectively. Apart from early summer, total nitrogen harvested was not affected differently by season of clipping. Clear-felling programs that allow browsing of ≤ 40% in mid- and late summer would ensure sustained aspen stand density and growth. (184 pages)
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Powell, Joseph. "Impacts of Goat Browsing and Disease on Lilium Grayi, Gray's Lily, on Roan Mountain." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/16.

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The flora of southern Appalachian high elevation balds has strong representation of northern disjuncts and regional endemics. Among the endemics, the showy Lilium grayi (Gray’s Lily), is most noteworthy for its historical significance and for a high public profile. As bald vegetation changes in response to human and natural environmental shifts, active bald management has been implemented on public lands. Among managed balds, the Roan Mountain massif supports a large population of L. grayi. The purpose of this study was to describe the demography of adult plants, compare browsed and non-browsed plots, and determine the extent to which disease may impact survival and reproduction of L. grayi on Roan Mountain. There were no significant differences between browsed and control plots in measures of plant morphology, vigor, or reproductive output, but browsed plots had significantly more juvenile plants compared to controls. Along a transect, spatial analyses uncovered clusters of diseased and healthy plants and showed that plants in close proximity tended to be alike in disease status and those distant were more unalike. A pathogenic fungus, Pseudocercosporella inconspicua, may be the disease pathogen.
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Moncrieff, Glenn R. "The demographic impacts of browsing on woody plants in savannas : from individual branches to whole populations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11501.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-131).
Browsing ungulates can potentially have drastic impacts on vegetation patterns. This is particularly true in African savannas where many large browsers persist at high densities. Most of the theory and models outlining mechanisms of impact on plants and predicting responses are framed in terms of biomass impacts and responses. However, for trees in African savannas, fitness is more closely linked to height than above ground biomass. I evaluate the demographic impacts of browsing, making explicit contrasts with impacts on biomass. The results highlight under- explored intrinsic aspects of plants and browsers that determine the degree of browser impact on plant demography, aspects that have been under-explored due to an emphasis on biomass responses, and provide novel methods to measure and evaluate large-scale browser impacts, which have proved difficult before.
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Harrison, Kathryn Ann. "How browsing by red deer impacts on soil nutrient cycling in regenerating native woodland in the Scottish Highlands." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421618.

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Gaugris, Jerome Yves. "The impacts of herbivores and humans on the utilisation of woody resources in conserved versus non-conserved land in Maputoland, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06052008-162658.

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Head, Nicholas. "The impacts of possum herbivory and possum control on threatened palatable species (Pittosporum patulum, Alepis flavida and Peraxilla tetrapetala) in the Lake Ohau Catchment, South Island, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1957.

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The impacts of possum herbivory were assessed on 713 individual plants of the nationally endangered Pittosporum patulum and 115 individual plants of the threatened ('Gradual Decline') mistletoes (Alepis flavida & Peraxilla tetrapetala) over three years in the Temple and Huxley river valleys in the Ohau catchment, South Island New Zealand. Statistical models were used to test the influence of several explanatory variables on the probability of survival and growth rates of these rare palatable plants. Increasing defoliation levels were the most significant predictors of mortality for both P. patulum and mistletoe, and reduced growth rates in P. patulum. Mortality of P. patulum increased with plant size although smaller plants were also affected by mortality. P. patulum mortality was greater for non-forest habitats, and growth rates were greatest on warm aspects. Mistletoe mortality increased with warm aspect, steeper slopes and at lower altitudes. Plant survival and growth increased in the Temple valley following possum control. Although indicative of a positive treatment effect, other factors may have also influenced this result. Possums are the major herbivore responsible for the widespread decline of P. patulum and beech forest mistletoes throughout New Zealand, although the autecology of P. patulum predisposes it toward extinction more so than mistletoe. Monitoring in conjunction with possum control operations provide good opportunities for understanding the impacts of possums on palatable plants and ecosystems. Assessing defoliation levels on indicator species like P. patulum and mistletoes can serve as a guide for managers to assess ecosystem stress from herbivory.
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Islam, Nazrul, and Vijaya John David Elepe. "The Impact of Waiting Time Distributions on QoE of Task-Based Web Browsing Sessions." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5064.

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There has been an enormous growth in the Internet usage in recent years, fueled by the increasing number of multimedia applications and widespread availability of World Wide Web (WWW). The end-user generally accesses these applications through web browsing activities. These time-critical services often suffer from the delays ranging from small chunks to long peaks which can have severe implications on the Quality of Experience (QoE). Hence, it is worthwhile to identify the impact of different variations of delay on the end-user QoE. This research focused on the end-user QoE for three different distributions of delays occurring during an e-commerce shopping experiment. By keeping the overall waiting time of every sessions same, the study shows that the end-user QoE is different for different variety of delays. And the research also concludes that, the users prefer small frequently occurring delays as compared to the long rarely occurring delays within a task-driven web browsing session.
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Cortez, José Paulo Mendes Guerra Marques. "Utilização e impacto dos cervídeos na vegetação lenhosa." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UTL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3869.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) coexist in Northeastern Portugal. This work aims to increase the knowledge on the effects of these two species on Mediterranean lignified plants, in particular on shrub like vegetation. To understand these effects we studied the diet of both deer species during two consecutive years. Red deer eat more grasses during Spring, contrasting with Summer, when 80% of the diet was shrubs and broadleaved trees. Roe deer consumed more shrubs and trees, throughout the year and had a more diversified diet than Red deer. Other important effect of deer is by tree rubbing, which occurs mainly during the rut season. Red deer marked trees preferably along edges of forest plantations whereas Roe Deer showed a preference for inner and smaller trees inside forest plantations. We used simulated browsing to understand how Holm oak responds to deer attacks, as well as two mediterranean shrub species Gum cistus (Cistus ladanifer) and Pterospartum tridentatum. P. tridentatum responsed with an increase of biomass and in the root system diameter. Holm oak responded with an increase at crown level and Gum cistus reduced biomass when browsed treatment was applied. Seed regeneration was also studied on Holm oak, using deer exclosures. Seedling survival was higher inside exclosures after 3 years.
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(8067956), Caleb H. Redick. "Quantifying Impacts of Deer Browsing and Mitigation Efforts on Hardwood Forest Regeneration." Thesis, 2019.

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Due to overpopulation and resource-poor habitat structure, deer threaten the future of oak and other browse-sensitive species in hardwood forests. Appropriate tools must be used to ensure desirable, diverse, and ecologically stable regeneration of future forests and the sustainability of native plant communities. We performed two experiments and a review to examine the effectiveness of available methods for managing browse of hardwood seedlings and to discover how these interact with each other and other silvicultural methods. First, we examined how fencing interacts with controlled-release fertilization, seed source (genetically select and non-select), and site type (afforested and reforested sites) to enhance the regeneration of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), white oak (Quercus alba), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and black walnut (Juglans nigra) at five sites in Indiana. Fencing proved to be the greatest determinant of seedling growth, survival, and quality. Fertilizer enhanced the early growth of white oak and black cherry, though for black cherry this occurred only inside fences. Select seed sources grew better and showed greater quality; however, the survival of select seedlings was limited by deer browse in absence of fences. Trees at afforested sites had lower survival if left non-fenced. Secondly, we also investigated how fencing and invasive shrub removal affected natural regeneration, species richness, and ground-layer plant cover under closed-canopy forests. Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) removal had a variable effect depending on species and site. Positive effects were most common for shade-intolerant species, while negative effects occurred for a few shade-tolerant species at some sites. Deer fencing had a positive effect on cherry and hackberry seedling density, and a negative effect on elm seedling density. Honeysuckle and deer fencing interacted antagonistically in some instances. Fencing without honeysuckle removal resulted in lower elm abundance and herbaceous-layer cover. In the densest invasions, leaving honeysuckle intact resulted in a complete lack of recruitment into the sapling layer. Our experiment suggests that invasive shrub removal and fencing be done together. Finally, we synthesized the existing literature on browse management options for hardwood regeneration to evaluate their relative effectiveness. Fences, tree shelters, repellents, facilitation by neighboring plants, deer population control, timber harvest, and slash all had positive effects on height growth of regenerating seedlings under deer browse pressure. Fences were more effective at reducing browse than repellents, while fertilizers increased browse and had no effects on growth.

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Books on the topic "Browsing impacts"

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Forsyth, D. M. Framework for assessing the susceptibility of management areas to deer impacts. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, 2003.

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Richer, Marie-Claude. Impact du broutement du cerf de Virginie, durant la période de dormance, sur la production de foin de légumineuses dans la région de l'Estrie. Québec: Société de la faune et des parcs Québec, 2003.

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Tenhunen, Sirpa. Smartphones, Caste, and Intersectionalities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630270.003.0007.

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This chapter 7 examines differences in phone use, especially in the way people use smartphones and access the internet. The availability of internet-ready phones in Janta has not turned all people into direct internet users. College-educated men and women are able to browse the textual content of the internet with the help of their smartphones, whereas the majority of people find smartphones useful for listening to music and watching films. They buy downloaded content on phone memory chips instead of browsing the internet independently. When the benefits of phones are assessed on the basis of their educational impact, they do not appear particularly transforming. However, accessing entertainment using phones can also be transformative because sharing of entertainment content contributes to social interaction and the capacity to aspire.
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Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.

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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecological techniques, based upon the annual variability of tree rings, are commonly used to analyze the disturbance histories of old-growth stands. Dendroecological methods make it possible to reconstruct the stand history over several centuries in the past by analyzing the frequency, intensity, duration and spatial scale of disturbances causing the death of trees. Combining the dendroecological techniques with the detailed measurements of stand structure, snag volume, CWD volume, and the analyses of regeneration species composition and structure allows us to identify the factors responsible for the changes in dynamics of mixed mountain forests. Various disturbance agents affect some species selectively, while some disturbances promote the establishment of tree seedlings of specific species by modifying environmental conditions. Describing the disturbance regime requires a broad scope of data on stand structure, on dead wood and tree regeneration, while various factors affecting all the stages of tree growth should be taken into consideration. On the basis of the already published data from permanent sample plots, combined with the available disturbance history analyses from the Western Carpathians, three research hypotheses were formulated. 1. The species composition of mixed mountain forests has been changing for at least several decades. These directional changes are the consequence of simultaneous conifer species decline and expansion of beech. 2. The observed changes in species composition of mixed mountain forests are the effect of indirect anthropogenic influences, significantly changing tree growth conditions also in the forests that are usually considered natural or near-natural. Cumulative impact of these indirect influences leads to the decrease of fir share in the tree layer (spruce decline has also been observed recently),and it limits the representation of this species among seedlings and saplings. The final effect is the decrease of fir and spruce share in the forest stands. 3. Small disturbances, killing single trees or small groups of trees, and infrequent disturbances of medium size and intensity dominate the disturbance regime in mixed mountain forests. The present structure of beech-fir-spruce forests is shaped both by complex disturbance regime and indirect anthropogenic influences. The data were gathered in permanent sample plots in strictly protected areas of Babia Góra, Gorce, and Tatra National Parks, situated in the Western Carpathians. All plots were located in the old-growth forest stands representing Carpathian beech forest community. The results of the measurements of trees, snags, coarse woody debris (CWD) and tree regeneration were used for detailed description of changes in the species composition and structure of tree stands. Tree ring widths derived from increment cores were used to reconstruct the historical changes in tree growth trends of all main tree species, as well as the stand disturbance history within the past two to three hundred years. The analyses revealed complex disturbance history in all of the three forest stands. Intermediate disturbances of variable intensity occurred, frequently separated by the periods of low tree mortality lasting from several decades up to over one hundred years. The intervals between the disturbances were significantly shorter than the expected length of forest developmental cycle, in commonly used theories describing the dynamics of old-growth stands. During intermediate disturbances up to several dozen percent of canopy trees were killed. There were no signs of stand-replacing disturbances, killing all or nearly all of canopy trees. The periods of intense tree mortality were followed by subsequent periods of increased sapling recruitment. Variability in disturbance intensity is one of the mechanisms promoting the coexistence of beech and conifer species in mixed forests. The recruitment of conifer saplings depended on the presence of larger gaps, resulting from intermediate disturbances, while beech was more successful in the periods of low mortality. However, in the last few decades, beech seems to benefit from the period of intense fir mortality. This change results from the influence of long-term anthropogenic disturbances, affecting natural mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of different tree species and change natural disturbance regimes. Indirect anthropogenic influence on tree growth was clearly visible in the gradual decrease of fir increments in the twentieth century, resulting from the high level of air pollution in Europe. Synchronous decreases of fir tree rings’ widths were observed in all three of the sample plots, but the final outcomes depended on the fir age. In most cases, the damage to the foliage limited the competitive abilities of fir, but it did not cause a widespread increase in tree mortality, except for the oldest firs in the BGNP (Babia Góra National Park) plot. BGNP is located in the proximity of industrial agglomeration of Upper Silesia, and it could be exposed to higher level of air pollution than the other two plots. High level of fir regeneration browsing due to the deer overabundance and insufficient number of predators is the second clear indication of the indirect anthropogenic influence on mixed mountain forests. Game impact on fir regeneration is the most pronounced in Babia Góra forests, where fir was almost completely eliminated from the saplings. Deer browsing seems to be the main factor responsible for limiting the number of fir saplings and young fir trees, while the representation of fir among seedlings is high. The experiments conducted in fenced plots located in the mixed forests in BGNP proved that fir and sycamore were the most preferred by deer species among seedlings and saplings. In GNP (Gorce National Park) and TNP (Tatra National Park), the changes in species composition of tree regeneration are similar, but single firs or even small groups of firs are present among saplings. It seems that all of the analysed mixed beech-fir-spruce forests undergo directional changes, causing a systematic decrease in fir representation, and the expansion of beech. This tendency results from the indirect anthropogenic impact, past and present. Fir regeneration decline, alongside with the high level of spruce trees’ mortality in recent years, may lead to a significant decrease in conifers representation in the near future, and to the expansion of beech forests at the cost of mixed ones.
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Book chapters on the topic "Browsing impacts"

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Katona, Krisztián, and Corli Coetsee. "Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Faunal Biodiversity." In The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II, 277–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25865-8_12.

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Boone, Randall B. "Weather and Climate Impacts on Browsing and Grazing Ungulates." In The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II, 197–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25865-8_8.

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Sabo, Autumn E. "Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Plant Characteristics and Dynamics." In The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II, 259–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25865-8_11.

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Sitters, Judith, and Walter S. Andriuzzi. "Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Soil Biota and Nutrient Dynamics." In The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II, 215–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25865-8_9.

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Harrison, Kathryn A., and Richard D. Bardgett. "Impacts of Grazing and Browsing by Large Herbivores on Soils and Soil Biological Properties." In Ecological Studies, 201–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72422-3_8.

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Rowan, John, and J. T. Faith. "The Paleoecological Impact of Grazing and Browsing: Consequences of the Late Quaternary Large Herbivore Extinctions." In The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II, 61–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25865-8_3.

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McMahon, Chris. "Faceted Browsing: The Convoluted Journey from Idea to Application." In Impact of Design Research on Industrial Practice, 259–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19449-3_17.

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van Wieren, Spike E., and Jan P. Bakker. "The Impact of Browsing and Grazing Herbivores on Biodiversity." In Ecological Studies, 263–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72422-3_10.

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Mathur, Anil. "What Are You Looking At? Using Gaze Following to Understand Web Browsing on E-commerce Sites: Insights from Eye-Tracking: An Abstract." In Celebrating the Past and Future of Marketing and Discovery with Social Impact, 41–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95346-1_15.

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Arndt, Hans-Knud, Mario Christ, and Oliver Gunther. "EMS Records and Information Management of Environmental Aspects and Their Associated Impacts with Metadata." In Modern Organizations in Virtual Communities, 271–84. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-931777-16-2.ch023.

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Metadata in environmental management systems support searching and browsing operations. XML-based metadata systems can store metadata in a flexible manner that is suitable also for small and medium size organizations. Our EcoExplorer software package consists of three closely cooperating programs for the management of XML-based environmental metadata. It is implemented in Java and therefore platform-independent. The EcoExplorer is able to collaborate with online components of an environmental management system, as demonstrated by our eco-balancing and environmental accounting system ACCOUNT.
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Conference papers on the topic "Browsing impacts"

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Bocchi, Enrico, Ali Safari Khatouni, Stefano Traverso, Alessandro Finamore, Valeria Di Gennaro, Marco Mellia, Maurizio Munafo, and Dario Rossi. "Impact of Carrier-Grade NAT on web browsing." In 2015 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2015.7289140.

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Shuang, Kai, Tong Zhang, Zhenjiang Dong, and Peng Xu. "Impact of HTTP Pipelining Mechanism for Web Browsing Optimization." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Services (MS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mobserv.2015.63.

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Zellweger, Polle T., Susan Harkness Regli, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Bay-Wei Chang. "The impact of fluid documents on reading and browsing." In the SIGCHI conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/332040.332440.

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Tsai, Janice, Serge Egelman, Lorrie Cranor, and Alessandro Acquisti. "The impact of privacy indicators on search engine browsing patterns." In the 5th Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1572532.1572568.

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Lee, Misuk. "Investigating the impact of online browsing dynamics on promotion effectiveness." In 2018 4th International Conference on Information Management (ICIM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infoman.2018.8392826.

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Viermetz, Maximilian, Carsten Stolz, Vassil Gedov, and Michal Skubacz. "Relevance and Impact of Tabbed Browsing Behavior on Web Usage Mining." In 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2006 Main Conference Proceedings)(WI'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi.2006.147.

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Krishnamurthy, Balachander, Delfina Malandrino, and Craig E. Wills. "Measuring privacy loss and the impact of privacy protection in web browsing." In the 3rd symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1280680.1280688.

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Seufert, Anika, Ralf Schweifler, Fabian Poignee, Michael Seufert, and Tobias Hobfeld. "Waiting along the Path: How Browsing Delays Impact the QoE of Music Streaming Applications." In 2022 14th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qomex55416.2022.9900883.

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Shao, Haoran, Zhisheng Zhang, and Zhijie Xia. "Evaluation of foreign e-commerce web interface element layout based on Moon-Spencer model." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001955.

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The e-commerce platform is developing rapidly. Well-designed web interface can improve consumers' browsing experience and enhance market competitiveness. NGO Proposed an objective method to measure the aesthetic value of the interface by combining the characteristic elements of the interface design with the user's visual perception. The model is composed of 13 measurement features. However, it lacks objectivity because it does not consider the impact of color on interface aesthetics and human perceptual characteristics. In order to analyze the e-commerce website design more scientifically and reasonably, six aesthetic measures are selected and quantified combined with the Moon-Spencer model. And the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced to calculate the weight of each index, so as to get the comprehensive aesthetic value of the interface. Which in the end could help guide the designer to design and improve the e-commerce page.
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Lazar, Jonathan, Jinjuan Feng, and Aaron Allen. "Determining the impact of computer frustration on the mood of blind users browsing the web." In the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1168987.1169013.

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