Journal articles on the topic 'Brownfields – Environmental aspects – Ontario'
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1
Skála, Jan, Radim Vácha, Jarmila Čechmánková, and Viera Horváthová. "Various Aspects of the Genesis and Perspectives on Agricultural Brownfields in the Czech Republic." Moravian Geographical Reports 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2013-0010.
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Abstract Abandoned agricultural objects from the period of large-scale agricultural production in the socialist era represent a peculiar topic in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe, surpassing the experience of the EU15 countries or USA that have extensive and long-standing practice in brownfields redevelopment. The question of brownfields resulting from the transformation of the agricultural sector during the transition period of the Czech Republic is presented in this paper. Agricultural brownfields are the most frequently occurring brownfields in the Czech Republic (especially in some regions), but their area share is much lower, indicating their spatial disposition in the landscape. Some aspects of agricultural brownfields regeneration, including possibilities of its funding, are discussed in the paper. We also deal with geographical, environmental and historical aspects of the existence of these localities in the Czech Republic in the context of potential financial resources and possibilities for funding their revitalization.
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Novosák, Jiří, Oldřich Hájek, Jana Nekolová, and Pavel Bednář. "The Spatial Pattern of Brownfields and Characteristics of Redeveloped Sites in the Ostrava Metropolitan Area (Czech Republic)." Moravian Geographical Reports 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2013-0009.
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Abstract Differences between brownfields and redeveloped sites in the Ostrava metropolitan area are subject to analysis in this paper. Environmental burden and former functional use were identified as statistically significant characteristics of such differences. In addition, relations between selected attributes of brownfields and redeveloped sites were analyzed using the “if-then” decision rules of the rough set method. In this way, the research demonstrated the significance of spatial aspects and identified two fundamental types of brownfields in the model area. The first type is represented by agricultural brownfields in the hinterland zone, that are characterized by a complicated ownership structure. Brownfields of the second type are located particularly in the inner city morphogenetic zone, and are characterized by potential problems with environmental burden. In this context, brownfields and redeveloped sites differ respectively in the combination of these characteristics.
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Soldak, Мyroslava. "Industrial ecosystem and revitalization of brownfields." Economy of Industry 3, no. 95 (September 15, 2021): 70–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2021.03.070.
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The creation of climate-neutral industrial ecosystems based on digital leadership determines the movement of advanced countries towards competitiveness on the global stage. Industrial ecosystems of most regions of Ukraine are characterized by a low technological level of key industries and lack of organizational routines that can ensure their transition to a higher technological and resource-efficient level. The problem of forming a modern policy in the field of revitalization of abandoned areas of former industrial use (brownfields), in particular in the field of industrial waste processing, needs an urgent solution. The article is aimed at highlighting the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of creating a new industrial path through the revitalization of brownfields in underdeveloped industrial ecosystems on the example of old industrial mining regions. The paper proposes the use of a bricolage approach to create a new path of development of old industrial mining regions. This approach focuses not on the breakthrough development of the new industry, which is almost impossible in the conditions of insufficient development of industrial ecosystems, but on the gradual process of strategic cooperation of many participants (local and non-local enterprises, research institutes, local authorities, community, national and regional authorities, other stakeholders), coordination and pooling of resources at different levels, which will eventually have to evolve together, thus leading to a favorable institutional environment for the new industry. The establishment of an enterprises for the processing of coal preparation within the framework of the brownfield revitalization project is a kind of a kludge, the temporary adaptation of the community to the complex socio-economic and environmental situation, which is a consequence of the cessation of intensive coal mining, which will make it possible to create new routines of business behavior of institutions and citizens, the best of which in the process of evolutionary selection will be able to adapt to the new challenges of global technological transformations in industry and ecology. The practical implementation of the given approach is primarily represented in the creation of special institutions that are alternatives to the institutional traps of industrial development on the principles of the circular economy and relate to the introduction of more strict measures when implementing European waste management standards in national legislation and additional taxes that force enterprises to recycle waste; emergence of special enterprises (scavengers and decomposers) that use new effective disposal measures to restore and further use brownfields; creation of special community development corporations that promote economic development and environmental sustainability of the territory and ensure broad community participation in the creation of initiatives and decision-making; use of opportunities for Ukrainian integration in the field of innovation, science and education under the Association Agreement signed with the European Union in order to make effective decisions on the revitalization of brownfields.
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Manion, N. C., L. Campbell, and A. Rutter. "Historic brownfields and industrial activity in Kingston, Ontario: Assessing potential contributions to mercury contamination in sediment of the Cataraqui River." Science of The Total Environment 408, no. 9 (April 2010): 2060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.058.
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Holme, R. "Drinking water contamination in Walkerton, Ontario: positive resolutions from a tragic event." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0144.
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In May 2000, Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni contaminated the drinking water supply in Walkerton, Ontario. Seven people died and over 2,000 were ill as a result. The Ontario Provincial Government set up a judicial Inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the outbreak and also moved quickly to introduce a new Drinking Water Regulation that incorporated some significant requirements for drinking water providers. The Inquiry itself was in three parts: (a) part 1 related to the events that occurred in Walkerton and why the water contamination occurred; (b) part 1A related specifically to the role of the Provincial Government in the event; and (c) part 2 related to the future of drinking water safety in Ontario with potential to influence regulation on a wider basis. A number of other actions were taken after Walkerton. In August 2000, the Ontario Government, through the Regulatory body, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) (a) re-issued and revised the Ontario Drinking Water Objectives (ODWO) as the Ontario Drinking Water Standards (ODWS) and (b) introduced new regulations governing drinking water in Ontario - the Ontario Drinking Water Protection Regulation. One of the key features of the Drinking Water Protection Regulation was the requirement to produce an independent Engineers’ Report on all water systems. This paper provides a unique perspective on the Walkerton tragedy and its aftermath. The author was active in many aspects of the resulting activity (Chair of the Ontario Water Works Association's (a section of the AWWA) Special Committee involved in Part 2 of the Walkerton Inquiry; author of several of the Engineers’ Reports mandated by Regulation; reviewer on behalf of the Regulator of Engineers' Reports submitted by others). The Engineers’ Reports were of interest because (1) the drinking water providers (mostly municipalities) were mandated by regulation to complete the Reports by specific dates and are paying for the Reports, (2) the work had to be done by a registered professional engineer who is not an employee of the owner or the operator if a different entity and (3) the engineer had to sign a declaration that the Regulator could rely on the accuracy of the Report. In other words, the Municipality retained the Engineer and paid them to produce the Report - the Engineer essentially carried the liability while the Regulator had the final say in the acceptability of the Report, a sort of eternal triangle of responsibilities. The paper will outline how the drinking water profession in North America worked together to provide the Walkerton Inquiry with the benefit of its experience and knowledge of best practices to the benefit of consumers and the drinking water providers. It will also outline the procedures adopted to produce the independent Engineers’ Reports and how the findings are being applied to further improve drinking water safety in Ontario, across Canada and in similar situations around the world.
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Haji, H. M., and L. A. Hunt. "Genotype × environment interactions and underlying environmental factors for winter wheat in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-075.
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Many studies have dealt with the problem of varying genotype performance in different environments (GE interaction). Little is known, however, of the underlying causes of GE interaction. This study was undertaken to identify some of the environmental factors that are associated with GE interactions in winter wheat in Ontario, Canada.Grain yields were obtained from the 1992/1993 and 1993/1994 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) recommendation trials in Ontario. In each year, trials were grown at nine sites. Variance components for the second-order interaction between genotypes × sites × years were considerably larger (22% of the phenotypic variance) than the first-order interactions between genotypes × years and genotypes × sites, which, respectively, accounted for only 5% of the total variation, suggesting that the genotypes were responding differentially to environmental factors at the various sites. Both linear and non-linear components of the regression of genotype grain yields on site mean grain yield were significant. Grain yield of many genotypes was associated with both the lowest and the mean minimum temperature in January and with precipitation during the vegetative stage (May) in 1992/1993 and during the grain-filling period (July) in 1993/1994. Interaction principal component analysis scores for the environment were associated with January minimum temperature in both years although winter survival differences were only apparent in 1992/1993.The results indicate that January temperatures, together with moisture supply before anthesis, are associated with some of the GE interaction noted with winter wheat in Ontario. Both of these aspects, but in particular January temperatures, should thus be taken into account when evaluating cultivar performance trials. Cultivars should be exposed to low January temperatures at some sites during the evaluation process, and weather records from evaluation sites should be examined to ensure that this has occurred. Key words: Genotype × environment interaction, wheat (winter), temperature, grain yield, stress, moisture
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Wilkinson, Margaret Ann. "Extending freedom of information and privacy legislation to municipalities in ontario." CISM journal 45, no. 3 (October 1991): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1991-0028.
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In 1991, a new statute, the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1989, came into effect in Ontario. It is modeled on the earlier Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1987 which continues to apply to public sector organizations at the provincial level. Rather than provide an overview of this area of legislation, this article concentrates on certain aspects of the legislation which may prove to be troublesome to members of the public using these statutes in the future. These potential difficulties in some cases lie in differences between this new statute which governs the conduct of municipal bodies and the original statute which applies to provincial organizations. Other problematic areas are common to both statutes.
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Morsink, W. A. G., R. M. U. Ubbens, J. R. Pickering, R. G. Perkins, and P. A. Lewis-Watts. "An Urban Forestry Strategy For Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 65, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc65097-2.
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An urban forestry strategy is presented for Ontario, in response to a growing need to manage for viable and healthy urban vegetation. Urban forestry is about planning and managing existing and/or new treed vegetation of all types and associated wildlife, to establish attractive urban habitats, using systematic forestry-like approaches and environmental principles, in combination with arboricultural and modified silvicultural techniques. Urban forestry managers, having various educational backgrounds, are increasingly becoming involved in managing our urban forest, our habitat.Currently, there is no educational institution that totally prepares students for a career in urban forestry. As a result, people entering this field do so on an ad hoc basis, having various educational backgrounds, which do not cover all aspects of urban forestry management. A second problem is the limited awareness of various levels of government that systematic urban forestry management for densely populated areas is a growing need.Factors contributing to the need for urban forestry management, as well as obstacles to establishing such programs, are discussed. The urban forest, its managers, the content of programs and experience in the USA are outlined. Proposed actions include:1 development of a provincial policy, through the enlargement of the private land forestry program to initiate and support urban forestry programs;2 evaluation of the feasibility of having conservation authorities include urban forestry in their mandate;3 establishment of an umbrella-type diploma course administered by an educational institution; and4 establishment of an urban forestry chair at a university with cross appointments in forestry, planning and/or landscape architecture. Key Words : Urban forestry programs, options and alternatives for Ontario communities.
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Gordon, Andrew M., Doug W. Larson, Ray A. McBride, Glen P. Lumis, Kim Rollins, and Sally Humphries. "Learning about the forest using alternative curricula the Guelph experience." Forestry Chronicle 78, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc78373-3.
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The University of Guelph is a mid-sized university in southern Ontario that has many historical underpinnings with respect to both undergraduate and graduate education in forestry and forest-related subjects. Some of the earliest forward-thinking forest policies found in Ontario came from early faculty associated with the predecessor of the University, the Ontario School of Agriculture. Today, the University has numerous faculty in Colleges across campus that are involved in a multitude of teaching and research aspects associated with forested environments. The research-teaching link with respect to forestry is strong and the undergraduate population appears appreciative of this. Undergraduate courses and course segments at both undergraduate and graduate levels exist, and a minor in forest science, housed in the Department of Environmental Biology but drawing on resources from across multiple disciplines, is also available. The University of Guelph is currently evaluating its options with respect to undergraduate education in the forest sciences. Building on past and present strengths, the University is considering offering a non-accredited B.Sc. program that embraces the science and management of forests and the environmental impact and community benefits associated with interventions in the forest. Key words: Ontario forests, historical perspectives, learner-centred undergraduate curriculum, forest environments, forest science, forest and natural resource economics, internationalism, non-accredited B.Sc. undergraduate degree, graduate forest research
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Mashford-Pringle, Angela, and Suzanne L. Stewart. "Akiikaa (it is the land): exploring land-based experiences with university students in Ontario." Global Health Promotion 26, no. 3_suppl (April 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975919828722.
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Indigenous learning traditionally comes from the land. Akiikaa (‘it is the land’ in Algonkian) is designed to assist graduate students in thinking beyond the classroom and understanding the elements of life as known by Indigenous people to live a healthy life. Akiikaa will provide graduate students (both Indigenous and non-Indigenous) with opportunities to learn about Indigenous ways of knowing. They will learn from an instructor, Elders and their peers about how the land is an instrumental part of all aspects of Indigenous life including health and well-being. One of the goals of the Master of Public Health in Indigenous Health program (at the University of Toronto) and the land-based experiences is to shift the thinking away from humans being the dominating force on Mother Earth to equality amongst all aspects of life. Graduate students are introduced to ‘personhood’ rights for plants, animals, water, and air, which is a shift from the current World Health Organization’s view of public health that builds upon a population health approach but neglects the elements that surround humans as necessary for living a healthy life. It has been suggested that Indigenous land-based education acts as a method of decolonization through reclamation of Indigenous ideology and use of land. Land and land experience are highly prized by Indigenous people around the world as cultures and languages are based on the interaction of people with nature/land. This move to delivering the curriculum in the natural environment using Indigenous knowledges as its pedagogy is anticipated to change attitudes about Indigenous people and issues as well as improving the health and well-being of graduate students and, over time, Indigenous peoples’ health and well-being.
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Mayer, T., Q. Rochfort, J. Marsalek, J. Parrott, M. Servos, M. Baker, R. McInnis, A. Jurkovic, and I. Scott. "Environmental characterization of surface runoff from three highway sites in Southern Ontario, Canada: 1. Chemistry." Water Quality Research Journal 46, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2011.035.
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Highway runoff is a significant source of contaminants entering many freshwater systems. To provide information on effects of highway runoff on aquatic biota, runoff samples were collected from three sites representing different classes of highways with low, intermediate and high traffic intensities. Samples were analysed for chloride, trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Runoff from a major multilane divided highway, with the highest traffic intensity, contained the highest levels of chloride (45–19,135 mg/L) and metals. Runoff solids from this highway contained the highest levels of PAHs (19.7–2142 mg/kg). PAHs were also high (9.83–237 mg/kg and 26.4–778 mg/kg) at the intermediate and low traffic intensity sites, respectively. High concentrations of potent mutagens and carcinogens such as benzo(a)pyrene (0.414–124.62 μg/g) and indeno-pyrene (0.549–50.597 μg/g) were measured in the particulate phase of all runoff samples. Chloride concentrations of winter and early spring runoff were significantly higher (P < 0.001, t = 2.66) than during the rest of the year. Levels of contaminants depended on traffic intensity, road condition (age, composition, maintenance), the condition of metal structures (drains, guardrails, etc.) and seasonal conditions. A companion paper discusses spatial and temporal aspects of contaminant-associated toxicity of highway runoff.
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Mundstock Xavier de Carvalho, Miguel. "Science and Agribusiness in the History of Pig Factory Farming in Ontario." Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i2.p187-199.
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The article explores some of the connections between science and agribusiness in the history of pig factory farming in Ontario, Canada, between the 1950s and the present. The factory farm model of pig production submits animals to a very artificial way of life, which would not be possible without the inputs of scientific and technological innovations of the 20th century. Topics discussed include the use of antibiotics, swine nutrition, feed conversion (in)efficiency, and pork promotion and consumption. The primary sources utilized are a trade magazine, a census of agriculture, and other government and industry publications. The article sheds light on how notions such as “progress”, “improvement”, “modern” or “efficiency”, frequently used by scientists when referring to results of pig production, are restricted to narrow or internal considerations of the industry that, in turn, can be challenged by broader analysis of aspects (social, economic, environmental) of the food system. Scientists have not just produced scientific knowledge but in some cases have also promoted ideologies about animals and the food system. These ideologies of “progress”, “improvement”, “modern” or “efficiency”, as in the context of pig production in Ontario, only make sense if we understand the particular historical moment in the analysis, which since the 1950s has markedly been one of strong agribusiness interventionism.
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Cook, D. J., and W. T. Dickinson. "Impact of urbanization on hydrologic response of a small Ontario watershed." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-096.
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The Speedvale Experimental Basin, a 210 ha watershed on the outskirts of Guelph, Ontario, was established in 1965 as an International Hydrological Decade project for the purpose of studying impacts of urbanization on hydrologic response. A relatively extensive hydrologic database regarding precipitation, streamflow, soil moisture, and groundwater has been assembled for the preurbanization period from 1966 to 1974 and for the period of ongoing development from 1975 to 1982. The study area, located physiographically within the Guelph Drumlin Field, was used for mixed agricultural purposes prior to 1974. During 1975 and 1976, 155 ha of the basin were serviced for development for light industrial and commercial usage, dramatically altering the configuration of the drainage system. The major alteration was the installation of a stormwater conveyance system, consisting of a large-diameter storm sewer (2.5 and 3.0 m) and a network of open drainage ditches outletting through ditch inlet catch basins into a main drainage channel.With the changes in land use in the basin have come changes in both volumetric and time distribution aspects of hydrologic response. Changes in the response include (i) an increase in the mean annual runoff coefficient by a factor of 1.5, (ii) an increase in the average annual maximum instantaneous discharge by a factor of almost 3.0, (iii) a change in the time of the annual peak flow from occurring solely in the spring runoff period to occurring throughout the various seasons, (iv) a change in the seasonal pattern of monthly runoff coefficients, with the greatest change observed in the summer and lesser changes observed in the other seasons, (v) a 3-fold reduction in unit hydrograph lag time, and (vi) a 3.5-fold increase in unit hydrograph peak discharge. Key words: urbanization, hydrology, surface water runoff, streamflow, watersheds.
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Spinazze, Maria C., and Shashi Kant. "Market potential for certified forest (wood) products in Ontario, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75039-1.
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This study, conducted in the fall of 1997, documents: i) consumer perceptions regarding environmental marketing; ii) consumer willingness to purchase certified forest (wood) products and to pay a premium for such products; iii) variations in premium across products and prices; and, iv) levels of awareness and acceptance of certification within the forest industry. Analysis indicates that Ontario consumers are environmentally conscious. The mean response of consumers indicates that they are willing to pay a 10% premium for nearly all certified products. In some cases, premium varies with the price of certified products; low-price furniture items command a higher premium than do high-price furniture products. Approximately 90% of consumers prefer to purchase certified furniture and lumber products over non-certified, and 73% of consumers prefer to purchase recycled paper products over certified paper products. Generally, awareness and acceptance of certification among primary producers and re- manufacturers are low. Only 39% of respondents indicate a willingness to pay a 10% premium for certified products, but almost all respondents are willing to purchase certified forest products if all other aspects, such as price and quality, are equal. Separation of certified and non-certified wood and wood products may pose a problem for many companies. Key words: forest certification premium, green premium, market segmentation, niche markets
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Tovilla, Edgar, and Kernaghan Webb. "Examining the emerging environmental protection policy convergence in the Ontario municipal drinking water, wastewater and stormwater sectors." Water Quality Research Journal 52, no. 3 (August 8, 2015): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2017.043.
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This study examines the governance approaches applying to Ontario's municipal water management activities and observes an environmental policy convergence occurring in two different dimensions: across the drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater aspects of municipal water activities with respect to governance approaches, and federal, provincial, and municipal governments in terms of drawing on private management system standards to supplement conventional regulatory requirements. This study supports the proposition that municipal water governance approaches are developed within a context that includes both state-based requirements and non-state market-oriented standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, and this context facilitates convergence and calibration between and among state-based and private governance at the public policy level adopted by municipalities. In addition to increasing use of private environmental management systems (EMSs) by Ontario municipalities as methods of addressing operational challenges they face, Canadian courts are also referencing EMS in their decisions. This article suggests that EMS standards such as ISO 14001 can be useful supplements to state regulations, and this supplementing would not be characterized as supplanting or substituting conventional state-based regulation, but rather as a form of practical and conceptual ‘bridge’ between public and private forms of regulation.
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Sekercioglu, Fatih, Daniel I. Pirrie, Yan Zheng, and Aimen Azfar. "Assessing Climate Change Vulnerabilities of Ontario's Rural Populations." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n4p91.
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Climate change causes considerable challenges for both urban and rural communities. Our study aimed at enhancing the understanding of climate change effects on rural populations. The study was promoted in Middlesex County library locations and on Middlesex County’s social media accounts; all residents of Middlesex County were eligible to participate. Through this method of convenience sampling, we successfully recruited 40 rural residents and conducted five focus group sessions. The study was conducted in Middlesex County, in southern Ontario, Canada, which provided a good representation of southern Ontario's rural communities. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected in focus group discussions. Focus group discussions yielded four main themes and provided valuable insights on several climate change-related topics. The four identified themes are: frequent extreme weather events, access to food and safe drinking water, protection from vector-borne diseases, and living in a rural community. Our results indicate key parameters to address the climate change issues for rural residents and lead to a series of recommendations to revamp climate change policy at local, provincial, and federal levels. Study Participants commented on the need for adaptation skills concerning the physical and mental health aspects of increased indoor activity (avoiding natural spaces/pollution). This could also be an indicator/opportunity for future health programming and funding to support new realities. Future research is needed to develop effective local solutions with collaboration among government, business sectors, and rural residents.
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Nandlal, Joan, Nadia Ianni Palarchio, and Carolyn S. Dewa. "Continuity of Care in Early Intervention Programs and Court Support Programs: Giving Voice to Service Recipients and Their Families." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 29, S5 (January 1, 2010): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2010-0033.
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Studies of continuity of care (CoC) have largely been quantitative and have originated outside of Canada. This qualitative study examined CoC using verbatim transcripts of interviews with 45 clients and 22 family members of early intervention or court support programs in Ontario. Data were analyzed drawing on Dewa et al.'s (this volume) conceptualization of CoC, which has orderliness, and temporal and cross-sectional aspects. Our analysis revealed a high degree of convergence in clients' and families' perspectives regarding key features of each of the five dimensions, indicating that indeed all dimensions are important to clients and families.
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Drescher, M., A. H. Perera, L. J. Buse, K. Ride, and S. Vasiliauskas. "Uncertainty in expert knowledge of forest succession: A case study from boreal Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84194-2.
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Expert knowledge of forest succession is used widely in forest management planning, but its level of uncertainty is unknown. Using boreal Ontario as an example, we examined the level of uncertainty in expert knowledge of forest succession and explored possible sources of this uncertainty. Overall, the level of uncertainty associated with expert knowledge was high for all aspects of forest succession, except for post-fire species establishment. Higher levels of uncertainty were associated with knowledge of forest succession for mixed forest types and moderate site conditions, as opposed to coniferous or non-coniferous forest types and extreme dry/wet or poor/rich sites. We hypothesize that uncertainty in expert knowledge is highest when vegetation dynamics are highly stochastic as with complex species assemblages, environmental controls on succession are weak, and effects of disturbances are less drastic. Awareness about the degree of uncertainty in expert knowledge of forest succession could be incorporated into forest management decision processes. It could also help researchers to identify critical knowledge gaps to guide further studies. Key words: uncertainty assessment, post-fire establishment, natural succession, knowledge elicitation
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MacEachren, Zabe. "Unplugged Craftivism: A Story of Humans and Environmental Education." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29401.
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This is a written account of a keynote presentation given at the Council of Outdoor Educators of Ontario, annual conference in Canada. The conference themes included revival of the hand-made and Folk Schools. This article outlines the dramatic effects and hand-made props used to present an “unplugged” presentation that was simultaneously humourous and educational. The presentation began by drawing upon research from the field of anthropology that links the historical development of the brain with early flint-knapping skills. Following the introduction a rationale for understanding the importance of fibre and edge technology was conveyed. An exploration of hand skills was further explored by examining some materials and the design aspects involved in making clothing. The later part of the article describes the child developmental ideas that correspond with Waldorf Handwork programs and outlines the origin of two of North America’s largest Folk Schools. Short narrations occur throughout the paper and are used to emphasize the way making things with our hands link human’s environmental survival to human development and education. The paper concludes with three short stories that emphasize the importance of using our hands in conjunction with our minds to make the stuff of life we need to live.
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Swanton, Clarence J., and Stephan F. Weise. "Integrated Weed Management: The Rationale and Approach." Weed Technology 5, no. 3 (September 1991): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027512.
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A growing awareness of environmental issues in Canada has had a major influence on government policies. An initiative was launched by the government of Ontario to promote research toward the development of an integrated weed management (IWM) system. Research in IWM must take all aspects of the cropping system into consideration and evolve in a progressive manner. This approach must encompass the role of conservation tillage, knowledge of the critical period of weed interference, alternative methods of weed control, enhancement of crop competitiveness, modeling of crop-weed interference, influence of crop rotation and seed bank dynamics, and education and extension of the findings. The complexity involved in addressing these issues requires a multi-disciplinary approach.
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Hymers, Lesley Anne, Bill Steer, and Janice Williams. "The Teachers’ Mining Tour in Ontario - A Professional Development Program for Educators." Geoscience Canada 42, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.083.
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The Teachers’ Mining Tour is a professional development program for educators hosted at the Canadian Ecology Centre (CEC) located near Mattawa, Ontario. Each year in late summer for three years (2010–2012) approximately thirty Ontario teachers participated in a five day program that included presentations by mineral industry professionals, site visits to mines and mine manufacturing operations, and educational resource workshops. In 2013, to meet demand, the Tour program was expanded to include two tours, annually. The goal of the Tour is to provide teachers with the information and resources that they need to become more proficient Earth Science teachers and to educate their students about the mining industry and, through this increased knowledge and experience, to encourage their students to pursue post-secondary education and careers in Earth Sciences and mining-related disciplines. Additional objectives are to create and cultivate a network of teachers using mining as a theme in their classrooms, and to promote informed opinions amongst participants with regard to the economic, social and environmental aspects of mining. The Tour content focuses on modern mining techniques and technology, environmental responsibility, workplace safety, and mining careers. Tours consistently receive favourable reviews from teachers, industry participants and representatives from sponsor organizations. In addition to the feedback sought through evaluation forms at the conclusion of each Tour program, additional feedback is sought from participants in the following spring of each academic year. A formal survey is circulated, providing teachers with the opportunity to report back about how their Tour experience is influencing their teaching. Respondents report that they are satisfied with the information and resources that they received during the Tour, that the program is directly applicable to the subjects that they are teaching, and that their perceptions about mining changed because of their experience. RÉSUMÉLe Teachers’ Mining Tour est un programme de formation pour enseignants qui se tient au Centre écologique du Canada (CEC) situé à Mattawa, Ontario. Chaque année à la fin de l'été depuis trois ans (2010–2012) une trentaine d’enseignants d'Ontario ont participé à ce programme de cinq jours de présentations par des professionnels de l'industrie minérale, de visites de sites miniers et d’usines de transformation, et d’ateliers sur les moyens éducatifs. En 2013, pour répondre à la demande, le programme du Tour a été porté à deux sessions par année. L’objectif de ce Tour est de fournir aux enseignants les informations et les moyens éducatifs requis pour devenir des enseignants en sciences de la Terre mieux qualifiés pour instruire leurs élèves sur la réalité de l'industrie minière et, par là, d’encourager leurs élèves à poursuivre une formation postsecondaire et opter pour des carrières en sciences de Terre ou dans les disciplines de l’industrie minière. Ce programme vise aussi d’autres objectifs dont ceux de créer et promouvoir un réseau d'enseignants qui utilisent le thème minier dans leur enseignement, et faire en sorte que les participants en ressortent avec des opinions mieux éclairés sur les aspects économiques, sociaux et environnementaux de l'exploitation minière. Le contenu du Tour porte surtout sur les processus et la technologie de l’exploitation minière moderne, l’éco-responsabilité, la sécurité du milieu de travail et les opportunités de carrière dans l’industrie minière. Ce programme d’activités est systématiquement louangé par les enseignants, les participants d'industrie et les représentants des organismes de parrainage. Le niveau de satisfaction est établi par l’administration de formulaires d’évaluation à la fin de chaque session du programme d’activités, et par les réactions colligées auprès des participants au printemps suivant l’année scolaire. Un sondage formel est soumis aux enseignants dans le but d’évaluer l’impact des activités du Tour sur leur enseignement. Les répondants se disent satisfaits des informations reçues et des moyens éducatifs enseignés pendant le Tour, confirment que le programme d’activités est directement applicable aux sujets qu'ils enseignent, et que leurs perceptions de l'exploitation minière en ont été changées.
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Parker, Barbara, and Mario Koeppel. "Beyond Health & Nutrition: Re-framing school food programs through integrated food pedagogies." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 7, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v7i2.371.
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In this paper, we present findings from a community-based research project on school food environments in 50 elementary and high schools in a mid-sized city in Ontario, Canada. Our findings highlight that schools' privilege five intersecting domains in the school food environment: 1) health and nutrition; 2) food access; 3) education and food literacy; 4) environment and sustainability; and 5) the socio-cultural aspects of food. These results illustrate that the dominant discourses about school food mainly revolve around health, nutrition and food access, yet many of the K-12 principals also identified food literacy and learning about sustainable food systems and the environment, in addition to the relational or socio-cultural aspects of foods as important elements of their school food environments. This integrative approach to food extends our understanding of food beyond charity, and opens up conversations about food as a human right. Ouranalysis shows the need to go beyond a health or nutrition school food program and consider integrative food pedagogies which will promote social and environmental food justice in the school food environment.
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Pampalon, R., D. Hamel, P. Gamache, and G. Raymond. "A deprivation index for health planning in Canada." Chronic Diseases in Canada 29, no. 4 (October 2009): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.29.4.05.
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Administrative databases in the Canadian health sector do not contain socio-economic information. To facilitate the monitoring of social inequalities for health planning, this study proposes a material and social deprivation index for Canada. After explaining the concept of deprivation, we describe the methodological aspects of the index and apply it to the example of premature mortality (i.e. death before the age of 75). We illustrate variations in deprivation and the links between deprivation and mortality nationwide and in different geographic areas including the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver; other CMAs; average-size cities, referred to as census agglomerations (CAs); small towns and rural communities; and five regions of Canada, namely Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia. Material and social deprivation and their links to mortality vary considerably by geographic area. We comment on the results as well as the limitations of the index and its advantages for health planning.
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Naggar, H. El, E. N. Allouche, and M. H. El Naggar. "Development of a new class of precast concrete pipes - an experimental evaluation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-171.
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Concrete pipes represent the backbone of the municipal storm and wastewater collection systems of Ontario, Canada. Industry and academia partnered on a research effort that aimed at developing new precast-concrete pipe products that provide added value to the final user in comparison with existing products. This paper describes a full-scale experimental evaluation of the design, manufacturing, and performance aspects of a "cellular" concrete pipe, a precast concrete pipe in which multiple continuous conduits were incorporated within its wall. Two fully-instrumented prototype segments of the proposed cellular concrete pipe were manufactured using standard dry-cast manufacturing procedures. The pipe segments were subjected to a D-load test to evaluate their structural performance. The observed structural performance was found to be comparable to solid-wall specimens, particularly when a four-conduit configuration was used. Of the six materials used as conduits, PVC and aluminum were found to perform the best. The presence of the conduits appears to delay the on-set of major cracks, thus increasing the D-load value. Key words: precast, concrete, pipe, experimental, conduit system, trenchless construction methods.
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Pratelli, Antonio, Patrizia Cinelli, Maurizia Seggiani, Giovanna Strangis, and Massimiliano Petri. "Agricultural Plastic Waste Management." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 18 (December 31, 2022): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.124.
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This article aims at describing both the studies and results implemented in the framework of the H2020-EU research project “RECOVER: New bio-recycling routes for food packaging and agricultural plastic waste” which deals with the sustainability of innovative biodegradation processes for plastic waste and production, in any environmental, social, economic and safety matters. In such a framework, the POLOG University Centre (Livorno, Italy), reconstructed and analyzed the actual farm plastic waste supply chain, as described in the following sections. The first section is introductive and it has been intended as a primer to the most common different types of plastic materials. The second section has deserved to be a state of the art on the most relevant issues raised in plastic waste management. The third section deals with suitable approaches to address the environmental side effects of rapidly growing plastics production, use, and disposal. Some of these approaches were listed, such as physical treatment of the polymeric components, plastic reduction use and employment as much as mechanical and/or chemical recycling and energy recovery. The fourth section shows how some of the above main issues, which raise coping with plastic reduction and recycling, are suited to be coped with from a logistics perspective. Such logistics belong to the basic needs due to tackling any plastic waste supply chain, i.e. collection and transport to intermediate stock and final delivery to recycling plants and/or brownfields, applying the set of methodologies and techniques drawn from the well-known field of pick-up-and-delivery models. These last tasks become crucial when the main effort has addressed the enforcement of any feasible changes from the use of items made in old high environmental intrusive to their replacement with new agricultural and biodegradable plastics. The paper goes to end presenting shortly of a few suitable solutions that could be proposed and applied to the entire plastic waste supply chain. Finally, some concrete aspects of each phase of the supply chain were discussed and it was highlighted how much each of these can be best used in addressing the problem known throughout the world as the problem of the emergency of old plastic waste.
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Bakht, Baidar. "Revisiting arching in deck slabs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-902.
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The arching action in concrete deck slabs of girder bridges is generally recognized and is utilized by the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, and some other codes, to specify an empirical design method which leads to considerable savings in the amount of reinforcement. Despite this general recognition, there are some aspects of the arching action that are yet to be explored. To the knowledge of the author, all reported laboratory and field tests on deck slabs exploring its arching action under applied loads have been conducted by measuring strains in the bottom transverse reinforcement midway between the girders. Based on the results of tests on a full-scale model of a deck slab, it has been confirmed in this note that the transverse bottom reinforcement in the deck slab acts as a tie to the internal transverse arch in the slab. Because of embedment in concrete, the force in this reinforcement is the smallest midway between the girders, and not the largest as would be the case if the slab were in pure bending. Key words: arching in slabs, deck slabs, girder bridge, punching shear, steel-free deck slabs.
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Laur, Celia, Thivja Sribaskaran, Michelle Simeoni, Laura Desveaux, Nick Daneman, Cara Mulhall, Jonathan Lam, and Noah Michael Ivers. "Improving antibiotic initiation and duration prescribing among nursing home physicians using an audit and feedback intervention: a theory-informed qualitative analysis." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 1 (February 2021): e001088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001088.
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BackgroundIn nursing homes, 25%–75% of antibiotic days of treatment are inappropriate or unnecessary and are often continued for longer durations than necessary. In Ontario, physicians can receive a provincial audit and feedback report that provides individualised, confidential, data about their antibiotic prescribing. Objectives of this study were to explore antibiotic prescribing of nursing home physicians and the influence of the report.MethodsAll physicians who received a personalised MyPractice: Long-Term Care report from Ontario Health (Quality) (OH(Q)) in January 2019 (n=361) were eligible to participate in semistructured telephone interviews that were recorded then transcribed verbatim. Recruitment emails were sent from OH(Q) until saturation of ideas. Analysis was conducted by two team members inductively, then deductively using the theoretical domains framework, a comprehensive, theory-informed framework to classify determinants of specific behaviours.ResultsInterviews were conducted with n=18 physicians; 78% (n=14) were men, practising for an average of 27 years, with 18 years of experience working in nursing homes. Physicians worked in a median of 2 facilities (range 1–6), with 72% (n=13) in an urban setting. 56% (n=10) were medical directors for at least one home. Professional role and identity impacted all aspects of antibiotic prescribing. Key roles included being an ‘Appropriate prescriber’, an ‘Educator’ and a ‘Change driver’. For antibiotic initiation, these roles interacted with Knowledge, Skills, Beliefs about consequence, Beliefs about capabilities, and Social influence to determine the resulting prescribing behaviour. When considering the impact of interacting with the report, participants’ perceived roles interacted with Reinforcement, Social influence, and Intention. Environmental context and resources was an overarching domain.ConclusionThis theory-informed approach is being used to inform upcoming versions of existing audit and feedback initiatives. Appealing to the role that prescribers see themselves offers a unique opportunity to encourage desired changes, such as providing tools for physicians to be Educators and facilitating, particularly medical directors, to be Change drivers.
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Tran, Manh-Kien, Steven Sherman, Ehsan Samadani, Reid Vrolyk, Derek Wong, Mitchell Lowery, and Michael Fowler. "Environmental and Economic Benefits of a Battery Electric Vehicle Powertrain with a Zinc–Air Range Extender in the Transition to Electric Vehicles." Vehicles 2, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2030021.
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Emissions and pollution from the transportation sector due to the consumption of fossil fuels by conventional vehicles have been negatively affecting the global climate and public health. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a cleaner solution to reduce the emission and pollution caused by transportation. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the main type of energy storage system used in EVs. The Li-ion battery pack must be considerably large to satisfy the requirement for the vehicle’s range, which also increases the cost of the vehicle. However, considering that most people use their vehicles for short-distance travel during daily commutes, the large pack is expensive, inefficient and unnecessary. In a previous paper, we proposed a novel EV powertrain design that incorporated the use of a zinc–air (Zn–air) battery pack as a range-extender, so that a smaller Li-ion pack could be used to save costs. The design and performance aspects of the powertrain were analyzed. In this study, the environmental and economic benefits of the proposed dual-battery powertrain are investigated. The results from the new powertrain were compared with values from a standard EV powertrain with one large Li-ion pack and a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) powertrain. In addition, an air pollution model is developed to determine the total amount of pollution released by the transportation sector on Highway 401 in Ontario, Canada. The model was then used to determine the effects of mass passenger EV rollout on pollution reduction.
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Rondeau, Sabrina, Sara M. Stricker, Chantel Kozachenko, and Kate Parizeau. "Understanding Motivations for Volunteering in Food Insecurity and Food Upcycling Projects." Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9030027.
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For non-profit organizations relying on volunteers to operate, investigations into the motivations of volunteerism are critical to attract new volunteers and to support the current ones. This study looked at volunteerism in the not-for-profit project The SEED in Ontario, Canada, which is looking to address food insecurity through a new social enterprise project that will create value-added “upcycled” products from second-grade produce while offering training opportunities for youth facing barriers to employment. The aims of this paper were to explore why volunteers chose to offer their time to this project and to gauge the current volunteers’ interest in volunteering with the organization’s new “Upcycle Kitchen”. Thirty-seven volunteers responded to a self-administered survey. They reported altruism, self-development, and social life improvement as their main motivations for volunteering. The volunteers expressed enthusiasm toward the Upcycle Kitchen initiative, which seems to be attributable to the multidimensional, creative, and educational aspects of the project. Tackling food insecurity and reducing the environmental impact of food waste are values which would most likely influence the respondents’ willingness to volunteer in food upcycling activities. We believe that this study is a good model to learn about the many facets of volunteerism for social enterprises developing upcycling-based food projects.
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Skinner, Kelly, Rhona M. Hanning, and Leonard JS Tsuji. "Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001705.
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AbstractObjectiveTo measure and describe the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in a remote on-reserve First Nations community using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and to evaluate the perceived relevance of the HFSSM for this population.DesignHousehold food security status was determined from the eighteen-item HFSSM following the classifications developed by Health Canada for the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2·2 Nutrition. One adult from each household in the community was invited to complete the HFSSM and to comment on its relevance as a tool to measure food security for First Nations communities.SettingSub-Arctic Ontario, Canada.SubjectsHouseholds (n64).ResultsSeventy per cent of households were food insecure, 17 % severely and 53 % moderately. The prevalence of food insecurity in households with children was 76 %. Among respondents from homes rated as having severe food insecurity, all (100 %) reported worrying that food would run out, times when food didn't last and there wasn't money to buy more, and times when they couldn't afford to eat balanced meals. The majority of respondents felt the HFSSM did not capture an accurate picture of food security for their situation. Aspects missing from the HFSSM included the high cost of market food and the incorporation of traditional food practices.ConclusionsA high prevalence of household food insecurity was reported in this community. On-reserve remote First Nations communities may be more susceptible to food insecurity than off-reserve Aboriginal populations. Initiatives that promote food security for this vulnerable population are needed.
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Martin, Rod, and Nicholas A. Kuiper. "Three decades investigating humor and laughter: An interview with Professor Rod Martin." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1119.
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Since the start of the 21st century, the investigation of various psychological aspects of humor and laughter has become an increasingly prominent topic of research. This growth can be attributed, in no small part, to the pioneering and creative work on humor and laughter conducted by Professor Rod Martin. Dr. Martin’s research interests in humor and laughter began in the early 1980s and continued throughout his 32 year long career as a professor of clinical psychology at the University of Western Ontario. During this time, Dr. Martin published numerous scholarly articles, chapters, and books on psychological aspects of humor and laughter. Professor Martin has just retired in July 2016, and in the present interview he recounts a number of research highlights of his illustrious career. Dr. Martin’s earliest influential work, conducted while he was still in graduate school, stemmed from an individual difference perspective that focused on the beneficial effects of sense of humor on psychological well-being. This research focus remained evident in many of Professor Martin’s subsequent investigations, but became increasingly refined as he developed several measures of different components of sense of humor, including both adaptive and maladaptive humor styles. In this interview, Dr. Martin describes the conceptualization, development and use of the Humor Styles Questionnaire, along with suggestions for future research and development. In doing so, he also discusses the three main components of humor (i.e., cognitive, emotional and interpersonal), as well as the distinctions and similarities between humor and laughter. Further highlights of this interview include Professor Martin’s comments on such diverse issues as the genetic versus environmental loadings for sense of humor, the multifaceted nature of the construct of humor, and the possible limitations of teaching individuals to use humor in a beneficial manner to cope with stress and enhance their social and interpersonal relationships.
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Stevenson, C., and C. Prior. "Microscopic Analysis in Archaeology." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 3 (March 1989): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400063132.
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The papers in this edition of the MRS BULLETIN were among those presented during a workshop entitled “SAS Interfaces '87: Microscopy for the Archaeologist.” The workshop was sponsored by the Society for Archaeological Sciences at the 52nd annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology held in Toronto, Ontario, May 1987. The Society for Archaeological Sciences is an interdisciplinary professional society for researchers involved in the broad spectrum of physical science applications to archaeology in order to promote interaction among scientists interested in different aspects of common research problems.Archaeometry, i.e., “archaeological science,” is concerned with the physical analysis of archaeological materials and the application of techniques from the laboratory sciences to the objectives and needs of archaeology. It includes such activities as compositional analysis, reconstruction of past technologies and processes, remote sensing, paleo-environmental reconstruction, and of course, isotopic and other chronometric dating methods. Such techniques alone, however, yield results that mean little without appropriate application to anthropological problems. The chief concern of archaeologists is to choose the most appropriate analysis method to achieve results that are useful in interpreting cultural behavior. To that end, laboratory analysts need to be aware of the interests and concerns of archaeologists, and archaeologists need to be able to understand the technical advances in archaeometry to incorporate them into their research.
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Caswell, M. Susan, and Rhona M. Hanning. "Adolescent perspectives of the recreational ice hockey food environment and influences on eating behaviour revealed through photovoice." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 7 (March 1, 2018): 1255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000289.
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AbstractObjectiveUnhealthy dietary behaviours are prevalent among adolescents. This might relate, in part, to obesogenic environments, including recreation food facilities. The REFRESH Study (Recreation Environment and Food Research: Experiences from Hockey) aimed to explore, from the perspectives of adolescent ice hockey players and parents, broad social and physical environmental influences on adolescent food behaviours associated with hockey participation.DesignPlayers used photovoice to describe their food experiences in relation to ice hockey. The approach included photos, individual interviews and focus groups. Exemplar photographs were exhibited for stakeholders, including five parents who were interviewed. Interview and focus group transcripts were thematically analysed.SettingRecreational ice hockey environment, Ontario, Canada, 2015–16.SubjectsIce hockey players (n24) aged 11–15 years recruited from five leagues.ResultsDominant influences among players included: their perceived importance of nutrients (e.g. protein) or foods (e.g. chocolate milk) for performance and recovery; marketing and branding (e.g. the pro-hockey aura of Tim Horton’s®, Canada’s largest quick-service restaurant); social aspects of tournaments and team meals; and moral values around ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ food choices. Both players and parents perceived recreational facility food options as unhealthy and identified that travel and time constraints contributed to less healthy choices.ConclusionsResults indicate recreation facilities are only one of a range of environments that influence eating behaviours of adolescent ice hockey players. Players’ susceptibility to advertising/brand promotion and the value of healthy food choices for performance are findings that can inform policy and interventions to support healthy environments and behaviours.
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Mitera, Gunita, John Srigley, Laurette Geldenhuys, Martin Trotter, Fergall Magee, Esther Ravinsky, Meg McLachlin, et al. "Quality assurance governance and implementation in cancer pathology: A national survey of Canada." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.73.
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73 Background: Robust quality assurance (QA) programs incorporating both technical and interpretive aspects of QA are integral to accurate pathology diagnosis and quality of care a cancer patient receives. Programs and governance addressing technical pathology quality have been well developed in Canada and internationally. The extent of interpretive pathology QA implementation across Canada remains unknown. The objective of this study was to document the current landscape for pathology QA in Canada. Methods: An environmental scan was conducted to determine the types and extent of current large institution and provincial-level pathology QA programs in place across Canada. An electronic survey was administered to key stakeholders and senior decision makers in cancer pathology. Targeted interviews were conducted with pathology leaders in each province to verify survey results, deliberate and resolve ambiguous responses. Results were presented to all survey respondents as a feedback mechanism. Results: 9/10 provinces currently have a professional group representing pathologists. 10/10 provinces currently have a technical QA program. Of these, 2/10 provinces are governed through Accreditation Canada, 3/10 provinces are governed through the Ontario Laboratory Accreditation Program and the remaining 5/10 provinces are governed by separate provincially-led programs. For interpretive pathology QA, 2/10 provinces have a coordinated provincial interpretive QA program, 5/10 provinces do not have provincial coordination, and have plans to implement one, and 3/10 provinces do not have a provincially coordinated interpretive QA program in place, nor are they planning to develop one. Conclusions: This is the first study to document the provincial landscape for pathology QA in Canada. Large pan-Canadian variations remain for level of integration and future plans to develop and integrate interpretive pathology QA programs within provinces. Next steps should include the development of a pan-Canadian recommendations framework for interpretive pathology QA to help guide senior decision-makers in implementing such quality programs provincially.
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Müller, Isabel, Karina Pallagst, and Patricia Hammer. "Revitalization of inner-city brownfields through urban gardening exemplified by the Kölner Neuland e.V. in Germany." Ra Ximhai, March 30, 2022, 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35197/rx.18.03.2022.07.im.
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The depletion of natural resources, the increase in environmental problems and land use - the advancing urbanization brings with it a series of challenges that must be solved by sustainable and innovative approaches. In this context, it is particularly important to make use of existing potential in spatial and environmental planning, in order to guarantee sustainable and socially responsible urban development in the future. In particular, the revitalization of brownfields as Green Innovation Areas offers potential for the sustainable use of former industrial sites and for strengthening bio-economic management. Urban gardening is to be understood as a form for the use of inner-city brownfields as Green Innovation Areas, which can significantly contribute to a sustainable urban development. The urban gardening project Kölner Neuland serves as an example to show how a part of a 44,000 m² industrial brownfield in Cologne's Bayenthal district was revitalized by an urban garden. First, there will be an overview of the basic framework conditions based on the evaluation of existing technical literature. Subsequently, the topic of urban gardening will be treated as a form of Green Innovation Areas. In this context, it is also explained how urban gardening can promote a more sustainable and socially just urban development. In order to understand and evaluate the background of the urban gardening project Kölner Neuland, a detailed analysis of the project is required. For this reason, the historical course, financial aspects, current marketing measures as well as goals and visions of Kölner Neuland are explained after an overall view of the city. On the basis of the gained and evaluated insights of an expert interview, the urban gardening project Kölner Neuland will be examined for its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It was found that the urban garden Kölner Neuland is to be evaluated quite positively however, some aspects show the need for action. As a result of this work, recommendations for the future development of the urban gardening project Kölner Neuland are formulated. A distinction can be made between recommendations for action in the areas of financing, public perception, and control. In addition, the central conditions for a successful revitalization of inner-city brownfields through urban gardening are defined.
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"HYGIENE ASPECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO WASTE ANAESTHETIC GASES IN ONTARIO HOSPITALS." Annals of Occupational Hygiene, January 1, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/33.1.27.
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Benidickson, Jamie. "Water Supply and Sewage Infrastructure in Ontario, 1880–1990s: Legal and Institutional Aspects of Public Health and Environmental History." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2273818.
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Singh, Sukhjap, Lydia Kiroff, and Rashika Sharma. "Brownfield land redevelopment strategies in urban areas." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v7i2.919.
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Urban intensification seems to be a growing trend, especially in the context of severe land scarcity. Brownfields offer great potential in meeting the increasing demand for housing in major cities worldwide. Redevelopment projects appear to provide immediate solutions to housing shortages that are being experienced due to population pressures in large metropolitan areas. The paper explores the range of factors that property developers need to consider in their decision-making process when assessing the viability of brownfield redevelopments. This research, which employed a comparative case study approach, and examined two brownfield redevelopments in Auckland, focused on the economic, social, and environmental criteria that were utilised in the decision-making process. Document analysis of the two case studies, site observations, and semi-structured interviews with the property developers were the main data collection methods. The results suggested that the economic aspects of a brownfield redevelopment are the most important criteria that developers consider during the feasibility assessment of proposed projects. Projects that offer the potential for quick investment returns for all stakeholders are the preferred choice for developers. Brownfield redevelopments offer significant potential for invigorating local areas through urban intensification which boosts local businesses and encourages community revitalisation. The environmental concerns appear to be the lowest priority and little consideration is given to reducing the environmental impacts or incorporating green building practices in the new developments. A major shift from a purely economic focus toward a comprehensive environmental approach to new developments is needed to ensure the sustainable development of cities.
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Barken, Rachel. "The temporal aspects of mobility intentions: older people's reflections on present and future support arrangements." Ageing and Society, September 26, 2019, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19001223.
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AbstractDiscourses on later-life housing and care are polarised. Ageing in place – typically in one's long-term dwelling – is often presented as the most desirable living arrangement, while moving to a congregate environment tends to be regarded as a last resort. Such polarised discourses obscure older people's experiences as they contemplate needs for housing, health and social care. To expand current understandings of mobility intentions, this paper examines ‘time work’ – or actions undertaken to exert some agency over time – as older people with chronic health conditions and disabilities navigate present and future support arrangements. Based on an interpretive analysis of qualitative interviews with 22 older persons receiving home care in Ontario, Canada, I identify three themes that highlight the temporal aspects of mobility intentions: (a) maintaining continuity with the past and present, (b) constructing alternative futures and (c) facing precarity. Focusing on time work shows how people make sense of ageing in place and/or relocating not only in relation to their physical, social and psychological capacities, but also in relation to perceptions of the past, present and future. Time work, moreover, has implications for feelings of security in the present and a sense of control over the future. Based on these findings, I make suggestions for developing a comprehensive continuum of supports, so all older people can make meaningful choices concerning housing and care.
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Blaskovits, Farriss, Imaan Bayoumi, Colleen M. Davison, Autumn Watson, and Eva Purkey. "Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life and learning experiences of indigenous and non-Indigenous university and college students in Ontario, Canada: a qualitative study." BMC Public Health 23, no. 1 (January 13, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15010-5.
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Abstract Background The years people spend attending university or college are often filled with transition and life change. Younger students often move into their adult identity by working through challenges and encountering new social experiences. These transitions and stresses have been impacted significantly by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to dramatic change in the post-secondary experience, particularly in the pandemic’s early months when colleges and universities were closed to in person teaching. The goal of this study was to identify how COVID-19 has specifically impacted the postsecondary student population in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Methods The Cost of COVID is a mixed methods study exploring the social and emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on families, youth, and urban Indigenous People. The present analysis was completed using a subset of qualitative data including Spryng.io micronarrative stories from students in college and university, as well as in-depth interviews from service providers providing services to students. A double-coded phenomenological approach was used to collect and analyze data to explore and identify themes expressed by postsecondary students and service providers who worked with postsecondary students. Results Twenty-six micronarratives and seven in-depth interviews were identified that were specifically relevant to the post-secondary student experience. From this data, five prominent themes arose. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of technology was important to the post secondary experience. The pandemic has substantial educational impact on students, in what they chose to learn, how it was taught, and experiences to which they were exposed. Health and wellbeing, physical, psychological and emotional, were impacted. Significant impacts were felt on family, community, and connectedness aspects. Finally, the pandemic had important financial impacts on students which affected their learning and their experience of the pandemic. Impacts did differ for Indigenous students, with many of the traditional cultural supports and benefits of spaces of higher education no longer being available. Conclusion Our study highlights important impacts of the pandemic on students of higher education that may have significant individual and societal implications going forward. Both postsecondary institutions and society at large need to attend to these impacts, in order to preserve the wellbeing of graduates, the Canadian labor market, and to ensure that the pandemic does not further exacerbate existing inequalities in post-secondary education in Canada.
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Pfaff, Kathryn, Heather Krohn, Jamie Crawley, Michelle Howard, Pooya Moradian Zadeh, Felicia Varacalli, Padma Ravi, and Deborah Sattler. "The little things are big: evaluation of a compassionate community approach for promoting the health of vulnerable persons." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12256-9.
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Abstract Background Vulnerable persons are individuals whose life situations create or exacerbate vulnerabilities, such as low income, housing insecurity and social isolation. Vulnerable people often receive a patchwork of health and social care services that does not appropriately address their needs. The cost of health and social care services escalate when these individuals live without appropriate supports. Compassionate Communities apply a population health theory of practice wherein citizens are mobilized along with health and social care supports to holistically address the needs of persons experiencing vulnerabilities. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a compassionate community intervention for vulnerable persons in Windsor Ontario, Canada. Methods This applied qualitative study was informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. We collected and analyzed focus group and interview data from 16 program stakeholders: eight program clients, three program coordinators, two case managers from the regional health authority, one administrator from a partnering community program, and two nursing student volunteers in March through June 2018. An iterative analytic process was applied to understand what aspects of the program work where and why. Results The findings suggest that the program acts as a safety net that supports people who are falling through the cracks of the formal care system. The ‘little things’ often had the biggest impact on client well-being and care delivery. The big and little things were achieved through three key processes: taking time, advocating for services and resources, and empowering clients to set personal health goals and make authentic community connections. Conclusion Compassionate Communities can address the holistic, personalized, and client-centred needs of people experiencing homelessness and/or low income and social isolation. Volunteers are often untapped health and social care capital that can be mobilized to promote the health of vulnerable persons. Student volunteers may benefit from experiencing and responding to the needs of a community’s most vulnerable members.
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Wathen, C. Nadine, Caitlin Burd, Jennifer C. D. MacGregor, Jill Veenendaal, Isobel McLean, and Tara Mantler. "“We’re so limited with what we actually can do if we follow all the rules”: a qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 public health protocols on violence against women services." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (June 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13550-w.
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Abstract Background Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health problem that grew worse during the COVID-19 pandemic. While all services were impacted by changing pandemic guidance, VAW shelters, as congregate settings with multiple funders and regulators, faced unique challenges. Methods We conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with 26 women’s shelter staff and eight women accessing care, as well as 10 focus groups (five each at two time points approximately a year apart) involving 24 leaders from VAW and related services in Ontario, Canada. Results We identified eight overlapping themes specific to government and public health COVID-19 regulations and their application in women’s shelters. Overall, inconsistency or lack of clarity in rules, and how they were communicated, caused significant stress for women using, and staff providing, services. Staff and leaders were very concerned about rules that isolated women or replicated other aspects of abusive relationships. Women wanted to understand what options were available and what was expected of them and their children in these spaces. Leaders sought clarity and consistency from their various government funders, and from public health authorities, in the face of ever-evolving directives. As in the broader public, there was often the perception that the rules did not apply equally to everyone, for example, for women of colour using VAW services, or those whose first language was not English. Conclusions In the absence of consistent pandemic guidance and how to implement it, many VAW services devised tailored solutions to balance safety from COVID-19 with women’s physical and emotional safety from abuse and its impacts. However, this was difficult and exhausting. A key policy implication is that women’s shelters are a distinct form of congregate housing; they are very different in terms of services provided, size, type and age of facilities from other congregate settings and this must be reflected in public health directives. Better communication and synchronization of policies among government funders and public health authorities, in consultation with VAW sector leaders, would mean protocols tailored to minimize harm to women and children while protecting health and safety.
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Knobel, Robert, Mark Chen, and Lynann Clapham. "Arduino-based Sensor Device – An Engineering Physics Second-year Design Project within the Engineering Design and Practice Sequence (EDPS) of the Queen’s Engineering Professional Spine." Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA), October 30, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pceea.vi0.13708.
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In 2011, Queen’s Engineering began rollout of its "Engineering Design and Practice Sequence (EDPS)". The EDPS is a "professional spine" sequence of courses over four years, meant to address and incorporate into all of its engineering programs the majority of the 12 Graduate attributes required by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB). In year 1, the first EDPS course – Engineering Practice I - introduces students to engineering design and problem solving, but with little formal instruction in the design process and engineering tools. Formal instruction in these aspects comes in second year, in Engineering Design and Practice II (course number APSC200). Finally, in third and fourth year, students undertake significant design projects in their discipline.
The second-year version of the professional spine, APSC200, is a one-term course taken by all students. This begins with a 6-week Faculty-wide course module, followed by a 6-week program-specific module. In the first Faculty-wide segment, students learn the design process – problem definition and scope, idea generation and broadening tools, decision-making tools, economic analysis, stakeholders, risk, and safety. Students are exposed to the necessity of formal design techniques via a zero-level "P0" project, and taught these techniques during a more extensive P1 project.
The second 6 weeks of APSC200 involves a discipline-specific project (P2) in which the student teams practice the skills introduced in the earlier portion of the course while working through a design project chosen to emphasize the skills of their program. This paper focusses on the development and implementation of the P2 project for students in the Queen’s Engineering Physics program. The goal of this project is to introduce discipline-specific tools and techniques, to excite students in their chosen engineering discipline, and to put into practice the formal design techniques introduced earlier.
The P2 project developed for Engineering Physics was entitled a "Compact Environmental Monitoring Station". The premise was that the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) issued an RFP for small, cheap sensor devices that could be provided to every Ontario household, and set up to "crowdsource" environmental data for the MOE. Student teams were required to research and justify which environmental parameters would be appropriate for their monitoring device, decide on parameters to monitor, design the device, and build a working prototype of the device.
The device specifications required the use of an Arduino-based platform, interfacing the chosen sensor(s) to a laptop computer using MatLab. Since only some students were familiar with Arduinos and MatLab, two "just in time" workshops were delivered on these topics, using a "flipped lab" approach.
For the prototype design and build, students had only 4 weeks and a budget of $100. Arduino boards and some basic sensors were supplied, with students able to source and purchase other components within their budget. The prototype-build provided the students with a valuable hands-on experience and also helped them to fully appreciate unexpected practical design constraints. Given the short timeframe (4-weeks) for the design and build, prototypes were very impressive, with many including solar power or rechargeable batteries, Bluetooth connectivity, 3-D printed packaging, IPhone or Android apps, as well as calibration functions.
This paper will summarize the development of this Engineering Physics P2 module, and will report on the first year of offering it in its current format.
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Mollayeva, Tatyana, Andrew Tran, Vincy Chan, Angela Colantonio, and Michael D. Escobar. "Sex-specific analysis of traumatic brain injury events: applying computational and data visualization techniques to inform prevention and management." BMC Medical Research Methodology 22, no. 1 (January 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12874-021-01493-6.
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Abstract Background The interplay of host, agent, and environment implicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) events is difficult to account for in hypothesis-driven research. Data-driven analysis of injury data can enable insight into injury events in novel ways. This research dissected complex and multidimensional data at the time of the TBI event by exploiting data mining and information visualization methods. Methods We drew upon population-based decade-long health administrative data collected through the routine operation of the publicly funded health system in Ontario, Canada. We applied a computational approach to categorize health records of 235,003 patients with TBI versus the same number of reference patients without TBI, individually matched based on sex, age, place of residence, and neighbourhood income quantile. We adopted the basic concepts of the Haddon Matrix (host, agent, environment) to organize emerging factors significantly related to TBI versus non-TBI events. To explore sex differences, the data of male and female patients with TBI were plotted on heatmaps and clustered using hierarchical clustering algorithms. Results Based on detected similarities, the computational technique yielded 34 factors on which individual TBI-event codes were loaded, allowing observation of a set of definable patterns within the host, the agent, and the environment. Differences in the patterns of host, agent and environment were found between male and female patients with TBI, which are currently not identified based on data from injury surveillance databases. The results were internally validated. Conclusions The study outlines novel areas for research relevant to TBI and offers insight into how computational and visual techniques can be applied to advance the understanding of TBI event. Results highlight unique aspects of sex differences of the host and agent at the injury event, as well as differences in exposure to adverse social and environmental circumstances, which can be a function of gender, aiding in future studies of injury prevention and gender-transformative care.