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Chen, Yingjuan, Wenjun Qiao, Liang Zeng, Dahang Shen, Zhi Liu, Xiaoshi Wang, and Huarong Tong. "Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1824-re.
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Brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and serious foliar disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Fungal isolates from several tea plantations causing typical brown blight symptoms were identified as belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Colletotrichum acutatum, a new causal agent associated with C. sinensis, showed high phenotypic and genotypic diversity compared with the more commonly reported C. gloeosporioides. Phylogenetic analysis derived from individual and combined ITS and GAPDH sequences clearly clustered C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides into separate species. Pathogenicity tests validated that both species were causal agents of tea brown blight disease and were highly pathogenic to tea leaves. However, the two groups of C. gloeosporioides with low levels of variability within their ITS and GAPDH regions differed in their virulence. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing brown blight disease on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China.
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Hairah, Ummul, Anindita Septiarini, Novianti Puspitasari, Andi Tejawati, Hamdani Hamdani, and Surya Eka Priyatna. "Classification of tea leaf disease using convolutional neural network approach." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp3287-3294.
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Leaf diseases on tea plants affect the quality of tea. This issue must be overcome since preparing tea drinks requires high-quality tea leaves. Various automatic models for identifying disease in tea leaves have been developed; however, their performance is typically low since the extracted features are not selective enough. This work presents a classification model for tea leaf disease that distinguishes six leaf classes: algal spot, brown, blight, grey blight, helopeltis, red spot, and healthy. Deep learning using a convolutional neural network (CNN) builds an effective model for detecting tea leaf illness. The Kaggle public dataset contains 5,980 tea leaf images on a white background. Pre-processing was performed to reduce computing time, which involved shrinking and normalizing the image prior to augmentation. Augmentation techniques included rotation, shear, flip horizontal, and flip vertical. The CNN model was used to classify tea leaf disease using the MobileNetV2 backbone, Adam optimizer, and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function with 224×224 input data. The proposed model attained the highest performance, as evidenced by the accuracy value 0.9455.
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ANDO, Yasuo, and Nobuyoshi NARISAWA. "Influence of tea brown blight fungus Glomerella cingulata on the occurrence of tea gray blight caused by Pestalotia longiseta on leaves of tea plants." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 55, no. 3 (1989): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.55.267.
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Wang, Z. H., Z. X. Zhao, N. Hong, Dejiang Ni, L. Cai, W. X. Xu, and Y. N. Xiao. "Characterization of Causal Agents of a Novel Disease Inducing Brown-Black Spots on Tender Tea Leaves in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 10 (October 2017): 1802–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0495-re.
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A novel disease characterized by small brown-black spots (1 to 2 mm in diameter) on tender tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) has been observed in many regions of Hubei Province, China, which severely affects the yield and quality of tea. Tea leaf samples with typical symptoms were collected from three major tea-cultivation regions of Hubei, and were subjected to pathogen isolation for etiological analysis. As a result, 34 Pestalotiopsis isolates were obtained from 20 samples, and they were identified as Pestalotiopsis theae (14 isolates), P. camelliae (12), and P. clavispora (8), determined by morphologies and phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer, and partial β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. Pathogenicity tests on detached tea leaves showed that no matter what mycelial discs or conidium suspensions were used, inoculation of the Pestalotiopsis fungi could result in small brown-black spots (1 to 2 mm in diameter) on wounded leaves, similar to those observed in the field in the sizes and colors. It also revealed that only P. theae had pathogenicity on unwounded tea leaves, and P. theae and P. clavispora showed significantly higher virulence than P. camelliae. Inoculation test with conidium suspension on intact tea leaves in the field further confirmed that P. theae as the pathogen of brown-black spots. Reisolation of the pathogens from diseased leaves confirmed that the symptom was caused by the inoculation of Pestalotiopsis fungi. The P. theae isolates responsible for brown-black spots were also compared with those for tea gray blight disease in growth rate, pathogenicity, and molecular characteristics in parallel. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the Pestalotiopsis fungi cause brown-black spot disease on tender tea leaves. The results provide important implications for the prevention and management of this economically important disease.
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Dutta, J., S. Gupta, D. Thakur, and P. J. Handique. "First Report of Nigrospora Leaf Blight on Tea Caused by Nigrospora sphaerica in India." Plant Disease 99, no. 3 (March 2015): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-14-0545-pdn.
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Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an economically important non-alcoholic caffeine-containing beverage crop widely cultivated for leaves in India, especially in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. In May 2012, distinct blight symptoms were observed on leaves of popular tea cultivars AV-2, Tukdah 78, Rungli Rungliot 17/144, and Bannockburn 157 in commercial tea estates of the Darjeeling district. This disease reduces yield and quality of the leaves. The initial symptoms were frequently observed on the young leaf margins and apices. Foliar symptoms are characterized by grayish to brown, semicircular or irregular shaped lesions, often surrounded by pale yellow zones up to 9 mm in diameter. The lesions later expand and the affected leaves turn grayish to dark brown and eventually the dried tissue falls, leading to complete defoliation of the plant. The disease causes damage to leaves of all ages and is severe in young leaves. A portion of the symptomatic leaf tissues were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 30 s, then in 2% NaClO for 3 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). The fungal colonies were initially white and then became grayish to brown with sporulation. Conidia were spherical to sub spherical, single-celled, black, 19 to 21 μm in diameter, and were borne on a hyaline vesicle at the tip of each conidiophore. Morphological characteristics of the isolates were concurring to those of Nigrospora sphaerica (1). Moreover, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA was amplified by using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KJ767520). The sequence was compared to the GenBank database through nucleotide BLAST search and the isolate showed 100% similarity to N. sphaerica (KC519729.1). On the basis of morphological characteristics and nucleotide homology, the isolate was identified as N. sphaerica. Koch's postulates were fulfilled in the laboratory on tea leaves inoculated with N. sphaerica conidial suspension (106 conidia ml−1) collected from a 7-day-old culture on PDA. Six inoculated 8-month-old seedlings of tea cultivars AV-2 and S.3/3 were incubated in a controlled environment chamber at 25°C and 80 to 85% humidity with a 12-h photoperiod. In addition, three plants of each cultivar were sprayed with sterile distilled water to serve as controls. Twelve to 14 days after inoculation, inoculated leaves developed blight symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected tea leaves in the field. No symptoms were observed on the control leaves. The pathogen was re-isolated from lesions and its identity was confirmed by morphological characteristics. It was reported that N. sphaerica is frequently encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprophyte on many plant species and also as a causative organism of foliar disease on several hosts worldwide (2,3). To our knowledge, this is first report of N. sphaerica as a foliar pathogen of Camellia sinensis in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India, or worldwide. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1971. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ July 01, 2013. (3) E. R. Wright et al. Plant Dis. 92:171, 2008.
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Ahmad, I., MNA Mamun, MS Islam, R. Ara, MAA Mamdud, and AKMR Hoque. "Effect of different pruning operations on the incidence and severity of various diseases of tea plant." Journal of Bio-Science 24 (July 18, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v24i0.37482.
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To analyze the effect of different pruning operation on the incidence and severity of different diseases of tea (Camellia sinensis) plant. An experiment was carried out at the Bilashchara Experimental Farm of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal. Three places of the sections were selected randomly that received LP (Light Prune), DSK (deep skiff), MSK (medium skiff) and LSK (light skiff) operations. Every bush was critically observed before and after pruning operations and all infected diseases were recorded. Disease severity was expressed as percent disease index (PDI). MSTAT program was used for statistical snalysis. After pruning operation, maximum incidence 33.33% and severity 8.20% of Grey brown blight was found in LSK. Horse hair blight maximum incidence (18%) and maximum severity (6.27%) both were found in LSK. In thread blight maximum incidence was in MSK 22.67% and maximum severity was 7% in LSK. The highest % reduction of branch canker both in incidence and severity was observed in LP section followed by DSK, MSK and LSK. In case of Gall disease maximum incidence and severity both was LSK 24.67% and 7.60%. The highest incidence of black rot was in LSK 41.33% and severity 12.87% was in MSK. From the study, it was recommending that without using any chemicals, only by different pruning operations and proper cleaning can reduce the in incidence and severity of those diseases.J. bio-sci. 24: 01-09, 2016
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Guo, M., Y. M. Pan, Y. L. Dai, and Z. M. Gao. "First Report of Brown Blight Disease Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Camellia sinensis in Anhui Province, China." Plant Disease 98, no. 2 (February 2014): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0896-pdn.
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Yellow Mountain fuzz tip, a cultivar of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, is commonly grown in the Yellow Mountain region in Anhui Province of China. During 2011 to 2012, leaf and twig blight on tea plants occurred from July to September in growing regions. Symptoms of blight on leaves of infected plants were detected in 30 to 60% of the fields visited and up to 500 ha were affected each year. Symptoms began as small, water-soaked lesions on young leaves and twigs and later became larger, dark brown, necrotic lesions, 1 to 3 mm in diameter on leaves and 2 to 5 mm long on twigs. To determine the causal agent, symptomatic leaf tissue was collected from plants in Gantang and Tangkou townships in September 2012. Small pieces of diseased tea leaves and twigs were surface-disinfested in 2% NaClO for 3 min, rinsed twice in distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 28°C for 5 days. Eleven isolates were recovered and all cultures produced white-to-gray fluffy aerial hyphae and were dark on the reverse of the plate. The hyphae were hyaline, branching, and septate. Setae were 2- to 3-septate, dark brown, acicular, and 78.0 to 115.0 μm. Conidiogenous cells were hyaline, short, branchless, cylindrical, and 11.3 to 21.5 × 4.2 to 5.3 μm. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, cylindrical, and 12.5 to 17.3 × 3.9 to 5.8 μm. Appresoria were ovate to obovate, dark brown, and 8.4 to 15.2 × 7.8 to 12.9 μm. DNA was amplified using the rDNA-ITS primer pair ITS4/ITS5 (3), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) primer pair GDF/GDR (2) and beta-tubulin 2 gene (Tub2) primer pair Btub2Fd/Btub4Rd (4). Sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. KC913203, KC913204, and KC913205) of the 11 isolates were identical and revealed 100% similarity to the ITS sequence of strain P042 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (EF423527), 100% identity to the GAPDH of isolate C07009 of C. gloeosporioides (GU935860), and 99% similarity to Tub2 of isolate 85 of C. gloeosporioides (AJ409292), respectively. Based on the above data, the 11 isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. To confirm pathogenicity, Koch's postulate was performed and 4 ml of conidial suspension (1 × 105 conidia/ml) of each of the 11 isolates was sprayed on five leaves and five twigs per plant on four 12-month-old Yellow Mountain fuzz tip plants. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The inoculated plants were maintained at 28°C in a greenhouse with constant relative humidity of 90% and a 12-h photoperiod of fluorescent light. Brown necrotic lesions appeared on leaves and twigs after 7 days, while the control plants remained healthy. The experiments were conducted three times and the fungus was recovered and identified as C. gloeosporioides by both morphology and molecular characteristics. Tea plant blight caused by C. gloeosporioides was identified in Brazil (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing tea leaf and twig blight on Yellow Mountain fuzz tip plants in Anhui Province of China. References: (1) M. A. S. Mendes et al. Page 555 in: Embrapa-SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia, 1998. (2) M. D. Templeton et al. Gene 122:225, 1992. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990. (4) J. H. C. Woudenberg et al. Persoonia 22:56, 2009.
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Som, P. R., and B. N. Chakraborty. "Changes in protein profile of different tea varieties on inoculation with brown blight pathogen." Аграрная Россия, no. 6-II (December 26, 2009): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1999-5636-2009-0-131-132.
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Wan, Yuhe, Qinghua Chen, Wei Xu, and Yingjuan Chen. "Effect of Atractylodes essential oil on different Colletotrichum species causing tea brown blight disease." Scientia Horticulturae 324 (January 2024): 112610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112610.
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Trihardianingsih, Liana, Andi Sunyoto, and Tonny Hidayat. "Classification of Tea Leaf Diseases Based on ResNet-50 and Inception V3." Sinkron 8, no. 3 (July 2, 2023): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i3.12604.
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Technological advances have made a major contribution to controlling plant diseases. One method for resolving issues with plant disease identification is the use of deep learning for digital image processing. Tea leaf disease is a plant disease that requires fast and effective control. So, in this study, we adopted the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, namely ResNet-50 and Inception V3, to classify six types of diseases that attack leaves. The amount of data used was 5867, which were divided into six classes, namely healthy leaf, algal spot, brown blight, gray blight, helopeltis, and red spot. The process of distributing the data involves randomly splitting it into three portions, with an allocation of 80% for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. The process of classification is carried out by adjusting the use of batch sizes in the training process to maximizehyperparameters. The batch sizes used are 16, 32, and 64. Using three different batch size scenarios for each model, it shows that ResNet-50 has better performance on batch size 32 with an accuracy value of 97.44%, while Inception V3 has the best performance on batch size 64 with an accuracy of 97.62%..
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Choi, Jae-Eul, Sun-Kyung Cha, Jin-Ah Ryuk, Chun-Hwan Choi, and Ill-Sup Nou. "Occurrence of Brown Blight of Tea Plant Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae in Korea." Research in Plant Disease 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2003.9.4.213.
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ANDO, Yasuo, and Nobuyoshi NARISAWA. "Inhibition by the brown blight fungus Glomerella cingulata of the occurrence of shoot blight of tea plant. Caused by Pestalotia longiseta." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 55, no. 3 (1989): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.55.261.
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Li, Xin, Golam Jalal Ahammed, Zhixin Li, Meijun Tang, Peng Yan, and Wenyan Han. "Decreased Biosynthesis of Jasmonic Acid via Lipoxygenase Pathway Compromised Caffeine-Induced Resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Under Elevated CO2 in Tea Seedlings." Phytopathology® 106, no. 11 (November 2016): 1270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-15-0336-r.
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Caffeine, the major purine alkaloid in tea has long been known for its role in plant defense. However, its effect on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides that causes brown blight disease in tea is largely unknown especially under elevated CO2. Here we show that elevated CO2 reduced endogenous caffeine content in tea leaves, but sharply increased susceptibility of tea to C. gloeosporioides. The expression of C. gloeosporioides actin gene was gradually increased during the postinoculation period. In contrast, foliar application of caffeine decreased the C. gloeosporioides-induced necrotic lesions and the expression of C. gloeosporioides actin. Analysis of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) content revealed that exogenous caffeine could induce JA content under both CO2 conditions in absence of fungal infection; however, in presence of fungal infection, caffeine increased JA content only under elevated CO2. Furthermore, exogenous caffeine enhanced lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and its biosynthetic gene expression under both CO2 conditions, indicating that increased JA biosynthesis via LOX pathway by caffeine might strengthen plant defense only under elevated CO2, while caffeine-induced defense under ambient CO2 might be associated with JA-independent LOX pathway in tea. These results provide novel insights into caffeine-induced plant defense mechanisms that might help to develop an eco-friendly approach for disease control.
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ANDO, Yasuo, Masaomi ONIKI, Toshiyuki NONAKA, and Nobuyoshi NARISAWA. "Brown zonate leaf blight, a new disease of tea plant caused by Ceuthospora lauri in Japan." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 55, no. 4 (1989): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.55.391.
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Chen, Y., W. X. Wang, A. F. Zhang, X. Yang, and Y. L. Xu. "First Report of Pestalotiopsis theae on Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) in Anhui Province of China." Plant Disease 97, no. 4 (April 2013): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0710-pdn.
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Loquat, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., is an important fruit that is widely planted and used as an ornamental in Jingxian, Anhui Province, China. Loquat branches with severely spotted leaves and fruits were observed in this region in 2012. Symptoms on leaves consisted of small (0.5 to 1.2 cm in diameter), circular to oblong, greenish-brown lesions that coalesced to form isolated or confluent, dark brown spots. On fruit, the disease appeared as circular to elongated, sunken spots. Expanding lesions spread over the surface resulting in death of the fruit. Acervuli were observed within lesions. Isolations from symptomatic tissue onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium consistently yielded white fungal colonies of sparse aerial mycelium with acervuli containing black, slimy spore masses on the surface. The colony reached 8.0 cm diameter after 7-day culture on PDA at 24°C. Conidia produced in the culture were five-celled, narrow fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with a tapering base and 2 to 4 hyaline appentages (apical appentages measured 15 to 34 μm long and a single basal appentage was 5 to 9 μm long). Conidia were 24 to 32 × 5 to 8 μm with median cells 15 to 20 μm and two hyaline, cylindrical to conical apical cells typical of Pestalotiopsis spp. (3). A total of 12 isolates were obtained by isolation from the diseased fruit or leaves. Genomic DNA from the fungal isolates was purified using a DNA Gel Extraction Kit (AxyPrep, Hangzhou, China), and applied to a DNA Engine System PTC-200 (BIO-RAD, Watertown, MA) with ITS1 and ITS4 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) universal primers. The amplified sequences (533 bp) were analyzed together with other Pestalotiopsis sequences (1). ITS from all 12 of the fungal isolates were identical (99.5% similarity) to each other and to isolates of Pestalotiopsis theae, which infects tea trees in China (2). To demonstrate pathogenicity, suspensions (prepared in distilled water) of 106 conidia ml–1 of each isolate were sprayed on the loquat leaves in vivo and mature fruits in vitro. Distilled water was used as the control. More than 20 leaves and 10 mature fruits were sprayed for the treated and control plants, respectively, and the inoculation tests were repeated twice. The inoculated plants and fruit were kept in a humidity chamber for 7 days. Approximately 50% of the inoculated leaves and fruits developed blight symptoms similar to natural infections. P. theae was reisolated from diseased plants to complete Koch's postulates. Control plants sprayed with distilled water remained symptomless. There is a previous study reporting that P. guepini infected loquat in Argentina (4); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. theae causing leaf and fruit spots on loquat in China. References: (1) R. Jeewon et al. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 25:378, 2002. (2) J. Y. Lu. Diagnosis of plant diseases. Page 194 in: Pestalotiopsis. J. Y. Lu, Z. G. Xu, Y. X. Chen, D. R. Shen, X. B. Zheng, and Y. Q. Cao, eds. China Agriculture Press, Beijing, 1995. (3) T. R. Nag Raj. Coelomycetous Anamorphs with Appendage-Bearing Conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Canada, 1993. (4) A. E. Perelló and S. Larran. Plant Dis. 83:695, 1999.
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Ikeda, Namiko, and Young-Goo Park. "Resistance of Korean Tea Landrace Populations, to Tea Anthracnose, Tea Gray Blight and Tea Bacterial Shoot Blight." Breeding Research 7, no. 1 (2005): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbr.7.35.
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Pandian, J. Arun, Sam Nirmala Nisha, K. Kanchanadevi, Abhay K. Pandey, and Samira Kabir Rima. "Grey Blight Disease Detection on Tea Leaves Using Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (January 17, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7876302.
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We proposed a novel deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using inverted residuals and linear bottleneck layers for diagnosing grey blight disease on tea leaves. The proposed DCNN consists of three bottleneck blocks, two pairs of convolutional (Conv) layers, and three dense layers. The bottleneck blocks contain depthwise, standard, and linear convolution layers. A single-lens reflex digital image camera was used to collect 1320 images of tea leaves from the North Bengal region of India for preparing the tea grey blight disease dataset. The nongrey blight diseased tea leaf images in the dataset were categorized into two subclasses, such as healthy and other diseased leaves. Image transformation techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) color, random rotations, random shifts, random flips, resizing, and rescaling were used to generate augmented images of tea leaves. The augmentation techniques enhanced the dataset size from 1320 images to 5280 images. The proposed DCNN model was trained and validated on 5016 images of healthy, grey blight infected, and other diseased tea leaves. The classification performance of the proposed and existing state-of-the-art techniques were tested using 264 tea leaf images. Classification accuracy, precision, recall, F measure, and misclassification rates of the proposed DCNN are 98.99%, 98.51%, 98.48%, 98.49%, and 1.01%, respectively, on test data. The test results show that the proposed DCNN model performed superior to the existing techniques for tea grey blight disease detection.
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Tan, Rongrong, Long Jiao, Danjuan Huang, Xun Chen, Hongjuan Wang, and Yingxin Mao. "Comparative Transcript Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Tea Plants in Response to Gray Blight Disease." Agronomy 14, no. 3 (March 11, 2024): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030565.
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Gray blight disease stands as one of the most destructive ailments affecting tea plants, causing significant damage and productivity losses. However, the dynamic roles of defense genes during the infection of gray blight disease remain largely unclear, particularly concerning their distinct responses in resistant and susceptible cultivars. In the pursuit of understanding the molecular interactions associated with gray blight disease in tea plants, a transcriptome analysis unveiled that 10,524, 17,863, and 15,178 genes exhibited differential expression in the resistant tea cultivar (Yingshuang), while 14,891, 14,733, and 12,184 genes showed differential expression in the susceptible tea cultivar (Longjing 43) at 8, 24, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi), respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses highlighted that the most up-regulated genes were mainly involved in secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ribosome pathways. Furthermore, plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis were specifically expressed in resistant and susceptible tea cultivars, respectively. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tea plant immunity against gray blight disease.
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Chen, Yingjuan, Liang Zeng, Na Shu, Maoyuan Jiang, Han Wang, Yunjin Huang, and Huarong Tong. "Pestalotiopsis-Like Species Causing Gray Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China." Plant Disease 102, no. 1 (January 2018): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-17-0642-re.
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Gray blight of tea, caused by several Pestalotiopsis-like species, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases in tea cultivation yet the characteristics of these pathogens have not been confirmed until now. With morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses, we have identified the gray blight fungi as Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, and Pestalotiopsis camelliae. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene regions successfully resolved most of the Pestalotiopsis-like species used in this study with high bootstrap supports and revealed three major clusters representing these three species. Differences in colony appearance and conidia morphology (shape, size, septation, color and length of median cells, and length and number of apical and basal appendages) were consistent with the phylogenetic grouping. Pathogenicity tests validated that all three species isolated from tea leaves were causal agents of gray blight disease on tea plant (Camellia sinensis). This is the first description of the characteristics of the three species Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, N. clavispora, and Pestalotiopsis camelliae as causal agents of tea gray blight disease in China.
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Serdyuk, O. A., V. S. Trubina, and L. A. Gorlova. "The breeding of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 845, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012027.
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Abstract During the growth season, the plants of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) are affected by various diseases: Fusarium blight, Verticillium blight, Alternaria blight, and others. The cultivation of rapeseed and mustard varieties resistant to diseases is a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to protect plants from diseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the new breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight in the form of tracheomycotic wilting of plants to continue breeding work to develop varieties of these crops. In 2017-2020, we carried out a phytopathological evaluation of new breeding samples of rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight. As a result, we selected a valuable breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard resistant to Fusarium blight infection, which also exceeds the standard by economic characters. The productivity of the best selected samples is higher than the varieties Tavrion and Nika by 0.13-0.59 and 0.18-0.28 t/ha, respectively, the oil content of seeds – by 0.2-2.0 and 1.2-2.1 %, respectively. These samples will be used as donors of Fusarium blight resistance in breeding work during development of new varieties of spring rapeseed and brown mustard in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
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TAKEDA, Yoshiyuki. "Genetic Analysis of Tea Gray Blight Resistance in Tea Plants." Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ 36, no. 3 (2002): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.6090/jarq.36.143.
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Zheng, Shiqin, Zhenghua Du, Xiaxia Wang, Chao Zheng, Zonghua Wang, and Xiaomin Yu. "Metabolic Rewiring in Tea Plants in Response to Gray Blight Disease Unveiled by Multi-Omics Analysis." Metabolites 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13111122.
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Gray blight disease, which is caused by Pestalotiopsis-like species, poses significant challenges to global tea production. However, the comprehensive metabolic responses of tea plants during gray blight infection remain understudied. Here, we employed a multi-omics strategy to characterize the temporal transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in tea plants during infection by Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, the causal agent of gray blight. Untargeted metabolomic profiling with ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) revealed extensive metabolic rewiring over the course of infection, particularly within 24 h post-inoculation. A total of 64 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified, including elevated levels of antimicrobial compounds such as caffeine and (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate, as well as oxidative catechin polymers like theaflavins, theasinensins and theacitrins. Conversely, the synthesis of (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, oligomeric proanthocyanidins and flavonol glycosides decreased. Integrated omics analyses uncovered up-regulation of phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, lignin biosynthesis and down-regulation of photosynthesis in response to the pathogen stress. This study provides novel insights into the defense strategies of tea plants against gray blight disease, offering potential targets for disease control and crop improvement.
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Wang, Shuangshuang, Xiaozeng Mi, Zhiran Wu, Lixin Zhang, and Chaoling Wei. "Characterization and Pathogenicity of Pestalotiopsis-Like Species Associated With Gray Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in Anhui Province, China." Plant Disease 103, no. 11 (November 2019): 2786–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-19-0412-re.
Full textAbstract:
Gray blight disease, caused by Pestalotiopsis-like fungi, is one of the deadliest threats to tea (Camellia sinensis) production. However, little information is known about the traits and characteristics of this pathogen. Here, a systematic survey was performed, and a total of 20 representative isolates were obtained from the leaves of tea plants affected by gray blight in two main tea plantations located in Anhui Province, China. Further analyses showed that two isolates were identified as Neopestalotiopsis ellipsospora, three isolates were regarded as Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis, one isolate was considered as Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, and the remaining isolates belonged to Pseudopestalotiopsis spp., on the basis of morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α. Pathogenicity tests indicated that there were significant differences in virulence among the Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis isolates when inoculated on the leaves of the tea plant (C. sinensis ‘Shuchazao’). Furthermore, varied pathogenicity was also observed for the same isolate when inoculated on different varieties of tea plants. To our knowledge, this is the first record of Neopestalotiopsis ellipsospora and Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis causing gray blight disease of tea plants in China.
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Bhagat, Indramani, and Bishwanath Chakraborty. "Biocontrol agents of sclerotial blight in tea." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v3i1.41445.
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One of the important fungal pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii, causing seedling blight disease in tea was found to be predominant in the nursery grown plants. In vitro interaction of S. rolfsii with Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride was studied. Both bioagents inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii.
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Garibaldi, A., G. Gilardi, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of Alternaria Leaf Spot on Camellia in Italy." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (March 2007): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0324c.
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Camellia cultivation has a long history in the Lake Maggiore area of northern Italy where a wide selection of varieties is present. Camellias are appreciated for their large, colorful flowers that bloom from late fall through early spring. In July 2005, a previously unknown foliar disease was observed on a collection of 2- to 12-month-old camellia cultivars (Camellia japonica) grown in several nurseries located in the Verbania Province (northern Italy). The disease was observed on plants grown in pots (10 to 24 cm in diameter) that were maintained either in the open or in a greenhouse and was present for the entire growing season. However, symptoms were more severe during the summer with temperatures ranging between 25 and 30°C with high relative humidity values. During the months of June and July of 2005, severe attacks involving as much as 70% of plants were observed on C. japonica cvs. Mrs. Tingley, Burnside, Hagoromo (synonym Magnoliaeflora), and Giuseppe Traverso. The disease was again observed in 2006. On the upper side of the younger leaves, small necrotic spots (3 to 8 mm in diameter) initially developed mainly at the margin of the leaves and near the petioles. Necrotic areas were surrounded by a chlorotic halo that turned progressively black. The necrotic areas often coalesced, generating larger spots with a diameter ranging from 15 to 30 mm. Severely affected plants were defoliated. Infected plants sometimes died. The presence of lesions on mature plants decreased aesthetic quality and market value. Leaf spots contained dark brown, multicellular, pyriform conidia. Conidia, generally in short chains, were 20.5 to 34.8 μm (average 29.3 μm) long, 6.9 to 12.2 μm (average 9.9 μm) wide, with 3 to 4 longitudinal cross walls, and an average of 5.7 single cells. From 15 samples of infected leaves, several isolates of a fungus identified on the basis of its morphological characteristics as belonging to the Alternaria alternata complex (2) were consistently isolated on potato dextrose agar containing 25 mg/l of streptomycin sulfate. Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying leaves of healthy 6-month-old potted C. japonica cv. Burnside plants with a spore and mycelial suspension (1 × 105 CFU/ml) prepared by using a mixture of three isolates obtained in 2005 grown on PDA for 30 days at 23 ± 2°C in a growth chamber (12 h of light per day). Plants without inoculation served as a control. Five plants were used for each treatment. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 3 days after inoculation and maintained at 25°C in growth chambers. The first lesions developed on leaves 3 days after inoculation, while control plants remained healthy. Sixty days after artificial inoculation, 25% of the inoculated plants were dead, while the control plants remained healthy. From lesions of infected plants, a fungus belonging to the A. alternata complex was consistently reisolated. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. The presence of A. alternata on C. sinensis, the commercial tea plant, was reported in India (1). Previously, a flower blight caused by A. tenuis was reported in the United States (3). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of A. alternata on C. japonica in Italy and probably in the world. The disease was present in 2005 and 2006 in several commercial nurseries affecting 50% of plants of susceptible cultivars. References: (1) B. N. Chakraborty et al. Plant Pathol. 55:303, 2006. (2) E. G. Simmons. Pages 1–35 in: Alternaria Biology, Plant Diseases and Metabolites. J. Chelchowski and A. Visconti, eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992. (3) A. J. Watson. Plant Dis. Rep. 34:186, 1950.
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Wan, Yuhe, Yuxin Han, Xinyi Deng, and Yingjuan Chen. "Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Two Alpine Foliar Diseases on the Non-Volatile and Volatile Metabolites of Tea." Foods 12, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081568.
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Blister blight and small leaf spots are important alpine diseases that mainly attack tender tea leaves, affecting tea quality. However, there is limited information on the effect of these diseases on tea’s non-volatile and volatile metabolites. Metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, HPLC and GC/MS was used to reveal the characteristic chemical profiles of tea leaves infected with blister blight (BB) and small leaf spots (SS). Flavonoids and monolignols were non-volatile metabolites that were enriched and significantly changed. Six main monolignols involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly induced in infected tea leaves. The accumulation of catechins, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, (−)-epicatechin gallate, caffeine, amino acids and theanine were significantly decreased in both diseased tea leaves, while soluble sugar, (−)-epigallocatechin and phenol-ammonia were obviously increased. Among them, the amounts of sweet and umami-related soluble sugar, sucrose, amino acids and theanine were much higher in BB, while bitter and astringent taste-related catechins and derivatives were much higher in SS. Volatiles analysis showed that volatiles content in SS and BB was significantly decreased, and styrene was significantly induced in blister blight-infected tea leaves. The results indicate that the type and amount of volatiles were highly and differentially influenced by infection with the two alpine diseases.
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Bhagat, Indramani, and Bishwanath Chakraborty. "Efficacy of Fungicides against Sclerotial Blight of Tea Plant." Our Nature 11, no. 2 (January 14, 2014): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i2.9601.
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Tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is the most important hot beverage in the world today and one of the major cash crops of Nepal. Being a perennial, the tea plant possibly interacts with, more environmental problems than do most other plants. Sclerotial blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is polyphagus fungal diseases which appears in the nursery grown tea seedlings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i2.9601 Our Nature 2013, 11(2): 208-210
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Zhang, Qiqi, Nini Guo, Yongheng Zhang, Youben Yu, and Shuyuan Liu. "Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Pathogenesis-Related 1 (PR-1) Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in Response to Blister-Blight Disease Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031292.
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Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) proteins, which are defense proteins in plant–pathogen interactions, play an important role in the resistance and defense of plants against diseases. Blister blight disease is caused by Exobasidium vexans Massee and a major leaf disease of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). However, the systematic characterization and analysis of the PR-1 gene family in tea plants is still lacking, and the defense mechanism of this family remains unknown. In this study, 17 CsPR-1 genes were identified from the tea plant genome and classified into five groups based on their signal peptide, isoelectric point, and C-terminus extension. Most of the CsPR-1 proteins contained an N-terminal signal peptide and a conserved PR-1 like domain. CsPR-1 genes comprised multiple cis-acting elements and were closely related to the signal-transduction pathways involving TCA, NPR1, EDS16, BGL2, PR4, and HCHIB. These characteristics imply an important role of the genes in the defense of the tea plant. In addition, the RNA-seq data and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the CsPR-1-2, -4, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -14, -15, and -17 genes were significantly upregulated under tea blister-blight stress. This study could help to increase understanding of CsPR-1 genes and their defense mechanism in response to tea blister blight.
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Fery, Richard L., and Philip D. Dukes. "Southern Blight (Sclerotium rolfsiiSacc.) of Cowpea: Genetic Characterization of Two Sources of Resistance." International Journal of Agronomy 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/652404.
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Field studies were conducted to characterize the genetic nature of resistance to southern blight (caused bySclerotium rolfsiiSacc.) exhibited by the cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] cultivars Carolina Cream and Brown Crowder and to determine if a genetic relationship exists for this resistance between the two cultivars. Examination of the comparative frequency distributions of the parental and progeny populations of the “Carolina Cream” x “Magnolia Blackeye” and “Brown Crowder” x “Magnolia Blackeye” crosses and the corresponding segregation data indicates that the southern blight resistances exhibited by “Carolina Cream” and “Brown Crowder” are conditioned by single dominant genes. Examination of the segregation data from the parental and progeny populations of the “Carolina Cream” x “Brown Crowder” cross suggests that the two resistance genes are not allelic. The availability of each of the resistance genes in cultivar-type genetic backgrounds should allow for rapid incorporation of southern blight resistance genes into other cowpea cultivars by the application of conventional plant breeding methodologies.
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Zhou, Zehua, Yicai Wang, Yabing Duan, Yannan He, Shuang Liu, Yan Chen, Wucheng Deng, et al. "Inhibitory Effect and Control Efficacy of Picoxystrobin against Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, Causing Vine Tea Leaf Blight." Agronomy 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2023): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051340.
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Vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) is a traditional herb widely consumed in southwestern China that possesses paramount potential for human health. In 2021, the outbreak of typical leaf blight disease was observed in almost all vine tea plantations in Zhangjiajie of Hunan province, resulting in significant economic losses of vine tea production. In this study, we identified Neopestalotiopsis clavispora as the causal agent of vine tea leaf blight via its morphological characteristics and molecular identification. The sensitivity distribution of N. clavispora isolates to picoxystrobin were determined based on mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition assays. The EC50 values for mycelial growth ranged from 0.0062 to 0.0658 µg/mL, with a mean of 0.0282 ± 0.0148 µg/mL. The EC50 values for spore germination ranged from 0.0014 to 0.0099 µg/mL, and the mean value was 0.0048 ± 0.0022 µg/mL. Picoxystrobin increased fungal cell membrane permeability, but inhibited fungal ATP biosynthesis. Moreover, picoxystrobin exhibited good in planta control efficacy on vine tea leaves. Three picoxystrobin-resistant mutants were obtained in the current study, but no mutations were detected in the N. clavispora Cytb gene. Competitive ability assays showed that the conidium production and pathogenicity of all picoxystrobin-resistant mutants decreased as compared to their progenitors, indicating that picoxystrobin-resistant mutants suffer fitness penalty. These findings provide important evidence for picoxystrobin in vine tea leaf blight management and increase understanding of the resistance mechanism of picoxystrobin against N. clavispora.
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Akbar, Asma, Gul Shad Ali, Brian Pearson, Farrukh Hamid, and Sonia Sumreen. "Screening Camelia sinensis Germplasm Against Grey Leaf Blight of Tea." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v5i4.11991.
Full textAbstract:
Grey blight is a foliar disease of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) caused by Pestalotiopsis. The grey blight pathogen was isolated from infected leaves of tea plants in the National Tea and High Value Crop Research Institute (NTHRI), Shinkiari, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Eight different varieties, Indonesian, Roupi, Jue King, P-5, P-3, Qi man, Chuy and P-1, were investigated for yield loss and resistance against the grey blight disease. All varieties displayed considerably different levels of resistance to Pestalotiopsis (p<0.05). The most resistant variety was Indonesian, which showed the lowest number of lesions (1.5 leaf-1) and the smallest lesion diameter (3.0 cm), whereas the most susceptible variety was P-1 which showed the highest number of lesions (3.83 leaf-1) and the largest lesion diameter (15.0 cm). The grey leaf blight pathogen significantly affected biomass and dry matter of the tested varieties. Compared to non-inoculated control, inoculation with Pestalotiopsis reduced the number of leaves by 40% (p<0.05), fresh leaf weight by 31% (p<0.05) and dry leaf weight by 59% (p<0.05). Whereas, the Indonesian variety was the least affected showing only 11% (p<0.05), 19% (p<0.05), and 28% (p<0.05) reduction in number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight, respectively, over control. These results showed that Pestalotiopsis significantly reduced tea yield and that this disease can be managed by growing resistant varieties.
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Sultana, N., C. Mondal, MM Hossain, MAR Khokon, and MR Islam. "Effect of fermented tea extract in controlling brown spot and narrow brown spot of rice." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 4 (February 27, 2018): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i4.35790.
Full textAbstract:
Compost tea, Tilt 250 EC and Bavistin 50 WP were evaluated for controlling brown spot and narrow brown spot diseases of rice in the field laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December, 2011. Significant effect of different treatments was observed on the severity of brown spot and narrow brown spot of rice as compared to control. The results evidently showed the lowest brown spot severity in T4 (Tilt 250 EC applied as foliar spray) which was statistically similar to T3 (Compost tea as soil drenching) while the highest severity was recorded in untreated control plot at booting and ripening stage. But narrow brown spot severity was lowest in T4 (Tilt 250 EC as foliar spray) which was similar to T5 (Tilt 250 EC as soil drenching), T6 (Bavistin 50 WP as foliar spray) and highest severity was found in T2 (Compost tea as foliar spray) which was statistically similar to T1 (control), T3 (Compost tea as soil drenching), T7 (Bavistin 50 WP as soil drenching) at booting stage. But at ripening stage the highest severity was found in T1 (control) and the lowest severity was found in T4 (Tilt 250 EC as foliar spray) which was statistically similar to T5 (Tilt 250 EC as soil drenching). However, soil drenching and foliar application of compost tea performed better as compared to control in reducing the severity of brown spot. But compost tea as foliar spray increased the narrow brown spot disease. Significant effect of the treatments was observed on growth and yield contributing characters except panicle length. Foliar and soil application of Tilt and soil application of compost tea showed better performance in increasing growth and yield contributing characters as compared to all other treatments.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 621-629, December 2017
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Settle, D. M., J. D. Fry, and N. A. Tisserat. "Development of Brown Patch and Pythium Blight in Tall Fescue as Affected by Irrigation Frequency, Clipping Removal, and Fungicide Application." Plant Disease 85, no. 5 (May 2001): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.543.
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We studied the effects of irrigation frequency, clipping removal, and fungicide application on the development of Rhizoctonia brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) and Pythium blight (Pythium aphanidermatum) in tall fescue. Brown patch severity was not significantly different between plots irrigated daily and those irrigated on alternate days. Similarly, no differences in brown patch were observed in plots where grass clippings were returned to the sward with a mulching mower compared with plots where clippings were removed. Preventive applications of azox-ystrobin at 35-day intervals or postinfection applications of chlorothalonil reduced brown patch severity, but only the azoxystrobin treatment provided aesthetically acceptable (<10%) levels of brown patch control. However, azoxystrobin applications also increased Pythium blight compared with untreated or chlorothalonil-treated tall fescue, especially in plots that received daily irrigation.
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ITO, Yoko. "Behavior of the Tea Blister Blight Fungus on the Overwintering Buds of Tea." Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku (Tea Research Journal), no. 84 (1997): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5979/cha.1997.1.
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Chanda, Dhritiman, G. D. Sharma, D. K. Jha, Nikkan Chakraborty, and Raja Kumar. "Isolation and Identification of Indigenous Bacteria for the Control of Horse Hair Blight disease of tea." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S431—S436. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.065.
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Tea plantation is covered by 434,000 hectares of land, which is further divided into two distinct regions - the North Indian tea belt and the South Indian tea belt. North-East India produces 75% of the total Indian tea. Present study is carried out to understand the various agro-climatic conditions of Barak valley like temperature, humidity, rainfall etc which are responsible for occurrence of various diseases in tea plant. Six genera of fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Helminthosporium sp. and Fusarium sp. Percentage of relative abundance of all the isolated fungi also estimated and it is found that Aspergillus niger shows high percentage of relative abundance (30%), followed by Trichoderma sp. (22%), Penicillium sp. (12%), Cladosporium sp.(18%), Helminthosporium sp. (8%) and Fusarium sp.(10%). The isolated bacterial strain (Bacillus sp) screened for their antagonistic potential against the pathogen Marasmius equicrinis by dual culture technique. The study indicated that biocontrol agents (Bacillus sp.) are very effective to control the horse hair blight disease in tea plant under in vitro conditions. Our preliminary investigations provided a key concept to use the inoculums of Bacillus sp as biocontrol equipment in the tea gardens of N.E. region to get control over horse hair blight disease of tea.
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Sheshegova, Tatyana, and Lucia Shchekleina. "Problems of phytoimmunity of grain crops in the Euro-Northeast of the Russian Federation and ways their solution." BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213601011.
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Breeding of grain crops for phytoimmunity in the FSBSU FASC of the Northeast is carried out in the conditions of natural and artificial epiphytotics. Every year, more than 1000 samples of winter rye, spring soft wheat, barley and oats of their own breeding and from the VIR collection are studied. In winter rye, studies are conducted on snow mold, root rot, powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, and ergot; in spring wheat – on root rot, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, brown rust, loose smut; in barley – on root rot, net, dark brown blotch and stripe disease, loose smut; in oats - on red-brown blotch, root rot, crown rust, panicle fusarium and loose smut. Resistant samples detected on infectious backgrounds will be included in the breeding process as sources of the trait. With the participation of source genes, new varieties of winter rye were created, Snezhana, Grefinya, and others, which are being studied at different breeding stages. Long-term studies (2014-2020) on infectious and provocative backgrounds among the breeding material of the FASC of the Northeast and collection samples of spring soft wheat, oats, barley revealed sources of nonspecific resistance (6-9 points). They are used in crossbreeding programs with the best varieties to obtain high-yielding and resistant to biotic stressors hybrids that are being studied at different breeding stages.
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Chethana, BS, CA Deepak, and MP Rajanna. "Identification of novel resistance source in traditional varieties against major diseases of rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.2.5.
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Traditional rice varieties maintained and cultivated by farmers are the potential sources of resistant donors that can be used for breeding rice varieties with durable resistance. They possess traits potentially adaptable to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Characterization of these germplasm is essential in rice breeding varieties and provides valued information for developing new rice. In this study, a large-scale screening of 167 traditional rice varieties was carried out to identify resistance sources against blast, sheath blight and brown spot diseases of rice. The mean location severity index (LSI) of leaf blast, sheath blight and brown spot was 6.91,7.14 and 7.84, respectively. Among the varieties screened, five varieties viz., Malgudi sanna, Putta batta, Selamsanna, Sadaholga and Mysuru sanna showed resistant reaction against blast, while only one variety Putta batta showed resistant reaction against brown spot, none of the varieties showed resistant reaction against sheath blight. However, only one variety Bangara sanna-4 showed moderate resistance to the sheath blight disease. The identified resistant varieties can be used as potential source for breeding durable resistant varieties in the future crop improvement programmes.
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Yoshidome, Hiroshi, Kenichiro Sato, Hirofumi Nagatomo, Takashi Mizuta, Kunihiko Sato, Tsuruyoshi Furuno, Sadaichi Ueno, Imao Hirakawa, and Tsugio Abe. "The Cultivation of ‘Harunonagori’ for Green Tea which is Resistant to Tea Anthracnose and Tea Gray blight." Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku (Tea Research Journal) 2011, no. 111 (2011): 111_1–111_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5979/cha.2011.111_1.
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Wang, Yuchun, Fei Xiong, Qinhua Lu, Xinyuan Hao, Mengxia Zheng, Lu Wang, Nana Li, Changqing Ding, Xinchao Wang, and Yajun Yang. "Diversity of Pestalotiopsis-Like Species Causing Gray Blight Disease of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) in China, Including two Novel Pestalotiopsis Species, and Analysis of Their Pathogenicity." Plant Disease 103, no. 10 (October 2019): 2548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-19-0264-re.
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Several Pestalotiopsis-like species cause gray blight disease in tea plants, resulting in severe tea production losses. However, systematic and comprehensive research on the diversity, geographical distribution, and pathogenicity of pathogenic species associated with tea plants in China is limited. In this study, 168 Pestalotiopsis-like isolates were obtained from diseased tea plant leaves from 13 primary tea-producing provinces and cities in China. Based on a multilocus (internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene region) phylogenetic analysis coupled with an assessment of conidial characteristics, 20 Neopestalotiopsis unclassified isolates, seven Pestalotiopsis species, including two novel (Pestalotiopsis menhaiensis and Pestalotiopsis sichuanensis), four known (Pestalotiopsis camelliae, Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis, Pestalotiopsis kenyana, and Pestalotiopsis rhodomyrtus) and one indistinguishable species, and three Pseudopestalotiopsis species, including two known (Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis and Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis) and one indistinguishable species, were identified. This study is the first to evaluate Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis on tea plants in China. The geographical distribution and pathogenicity tests showed Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis to be the dominant cause of gray blight of tea plants in China. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that theobromine not only derepressed mycelial growth of the 29 representative isolates but also increased their growth. Correlation analysis revealed a linear positive relationship between the mycelial growth rate and pathogenicity (P = 0.0148).
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Serdyuk, O. A., V. S. Trubina, and L. A. Gorlova. "Effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on rapeseed and mustard plant productivity." BIO Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224705003.
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The article presents the research data on the effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on the plant productivity of winter and spring rapeseed, brown mustard, and white mustard. As a result of studies, we found that Fusarium blight (the pathogens are fungi of the genus Fusarium Link) was the most harmful for the spring rapeseed, brown and white mustard – affection by it significantly decreased plant productivity. At 4 points of affection degree of plants, the harmfulness of the disease reached 71.2, 82.4, and 87.2 %, respectively. On winter rapeseed and mustard, plant productivity was considerably decreased by affection by Phoma rot in the form of a stem cancer (the pathogen is a fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et. De Not) and the stem form of Sclerotinia blight (the pathogen is a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary.). The harmfulness of these diseases at 4 points of affection degree of plants reached 56.7 % and 66.7 % on rapeseed, and 56.6 % and 70.7 % on mustard, respectively.
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Alam, Md Mahbubul, Muhammad Abdus Sobahan, Nasima Akter, and Ismail Hossain. "An Investigation on Disease Incidence, Grain Yield and Quality of BRRI Dhan29 in Bangladesh." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15151.
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Rice crops are susceptible to disease, which causes large yield losses in many Asian countries. The influence of disease incidence and severity on grain yield and quality of the rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. BRRI dhan29) was investigated in three different locations of Chief Farm Superintendent’s (CFS) farm viz. Near Weather Yard (location-1), Near Agronomy Farm (location-2) and Near CFS farm office (location-3), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), mymensingh, Bangladesh during boro season. In location-1, both brown spot and sheath blight were recorded whereas in location-2 and in location-3 only brown spot was recorded. Severity of brown spot was lowest at the location-1 and the highest at the location-3. Combined incidence of brown spot and sheath blight decreased the yield considerably whereas brown spot did not alone. Maximum severity of sheath blight was observed both in flowering and soft dough stage and minimum at maximum tillering stage. The lowest infection index of brown spot was obtained at maximum tillering stage and the highest infection index was obtained at soft dough stage whereas maximum and minimum infection index of sheath blight of rice were recorded at soft dough stage and maximum tillering stage, respectively. Aparently healthy seeds, spotted seeds, discoloured seeds, deformed seeds and chaffy grains were found among the three locations. Germination percentage was highest in healthy seeds compared to other category seeds. Alternaria padwickii, Alternaria tenuis, Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium semitectum were found to be associated with the seed. The highest and lowest occurrence of A. padwickii, A. tenuis, B. oryzae, C. lunata were recorded from chaffy grains and from healthy seeds, respectively. It is suggest that disease incidence and severity was gradually increased with the age of the plant and reduced yield and quality of BRRI dhan29. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 311-317
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Warkentin, T., B. Taran, S. Banniza, and A. Vandenberg. "CDC Vanguard desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08204.
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CDC Vanguard, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2006 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Vanguard has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium maturity, medium seed size and high yield potential in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight
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Warkentin, Tom, Sabine Banniza, and Albert Vandenberg. "CDC Frontier kabuli chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-185.
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CDC Frontier, a kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2003 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Frontier has a pinnate leaf type, fair ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.] resistance, medium maturity, medium-large seed size and high yield potential in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight
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Warkentin, Tom, Sabine Banniza, and Albert Vandenberg. "CDC ChiChi kabuli chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 907–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-187.
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CDC ChiChi, a kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2002 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC ChiChi has a pinnate leaf type, poor ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.] resistance, medium maturity, large seed size and good yielding ability in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight
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Luo, Y., D. P. Morgan, and T. J. Michailides. "Risk Analysis of Brown Rot Blossom Blight of Prune Caused by Monilinia fructicola." Phytopathology® 91, no. 8 (August 2001): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.8.759.
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Experiments under controlled environmental conditions were conducted during bloom of prune (Prunus domestica, L.) in 1999 and 2000 to assess the effects of inoculum concentration (IC), wetness duration (WD), temperature, and bloom stages on development of brown rot blossom blight of prunes. Branches from trees of a prune orchard were inoculated with Monilinia fructicola at different bloom stages and incubated at different temperatures with different periods of WD. The proportion of blighted blossoms (PBB) for each inoculated branch was determined. Bloom stage, IC, temperature, and WD significantly affected blossom blight of prunes. PBB at popcorn and full bloom stages was significantly greater than PBB at later bloom stages (P ≤0.05). The optimal temperatures for blossom blight development were 22 to 26°C, and Gaussian functions were used to describe the relationship between PBB and temperature. PBB linearly increased with increased IC. Linear regressions of PBB on WD were obtained for each combination of bloom stage, IC, and temperature. The parameters of these regressions were used in a computer program to produce the possible maximum PBB with 90% probability (PBB90) using stochastic simulations. Early bloom stages with a higher IC at temperatures from 20 to 25°C were associated with more severe blossom blight than late stages with a lower IC at nonoptimal temperatures. Blossom blight did not occur at <10 or >30°C and less than 4-h WD. However, longer than 4-h WD linearly increased incidence of blossom blight. A risk assessment table of blossom blight was produced for different environmental conditions to guide the control of prune brown rot.
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Nagata, Tadahiro, Yasuo Ando, and Akira Hirota. "Phytotoxins from Tea Gray Blight Fungi,Pestalotiopsis longisetaandPestalotiopsis theae." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 56, no. 5 (January 1992): 810–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.810.
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ANDO, Yasuo, Nobuyoshi NARISAWA, and Masaomi ONIKI. "Etiology of shoot blight of tea plant occurred recently." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 53, no. 2 (1987): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.53.258.
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Taran, B., T. Warkentin, R. Malhotra, S. Banniza, and A. Vandenberg. "CDC Luna kabuli chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08205.
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CDC Luna, a kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2007 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Luna has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium-late maturity, medium-large seed size and similar yield potential with the check cultivar Amit in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight
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Taran, B., T. Warkentin, S. Banniza, and A. Vandenberg. "CDC Corinne desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08206.
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CDC Corinne, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2008 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Corinne has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium maturity, medium seed size and higher yield potential than Myles in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight
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Vandenberg, Albert, Tom Warkentin, and Al Slinkard. "CDC Desiray desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 795–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-051.
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CDC Desiray, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 1999 by the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Desiray has pinnate leaf type, fair ascochyta blight resistance, early maturity, medium-sized plump seeds with a light tan coloured seed coat and good yielding ability in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight