Academic literature on the topic 'Brown Blight disease'

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Journal articles on the topic "Brown Blight disease"

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Jadhav, Sachin B., Vishwanath R. Udup, and Sanjay B. Patil. "Soybean leaf disease detection and severity measurement using multiclass SVM and KNN classifier." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 4077. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4077-4091.

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Soybean fungal diseases such as Blight, Frogeye leaf spot and Brown Spot are a significant threat to soybean plant due to the severe symptoms and lack of treatments. Traditional diagnosis of the thease diseases relies on disease symptom identification based on neaked eye observation by pathalogiest, which can lead to a high rate of false-recognition. This work present a novel system, utilizing multiclass support vector machine and KNN classifiers, for detection and classification of soybean diseases using color images of diseased leaf samples. Images of healthy and diseased leaves affected by Blight, Frogeye leaf spot and Brown Spot were acquired by a digital camera. The acquired images are preprocessed using image enhancement techniques. The background of each image was removed by a thresholding method and the Region of Interest (ROI) is obtained. Color-based segmentation technique based on K-means clustering is applied to the region of interest for partitioning the diseased region. The severity of disease is estimated by quantifying a number of pixels in the diseased region and in total leaf region. Different color features of segmented diseased leaf region were extracted using RGB color space and texture features were extracted using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) to compose a feature database. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Negbiour (KNN) classifiers are used for classifying the disease. This proposed classifers system is capable to classify the types of blight, brown spot, frogeye leaf spot diseases and Healthy samples with an accuracy of 87.3% and 83.6 % are achieved.
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Chen, Yingjuan, Wenjun Qiao, Liang Zeng, Dahang Shen, Zhi Liu, Xiaoshi Wang, and Huarong Tong. "Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1824-re.

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Brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and serious foliar disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Fungal isolates from several tea plantations causing typical brown blight symptoms were identified as belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Colletotrichum acutatum, a new causal agent associated with C. sinensis, showed high phenotypic and genotypic diversity compared with the more commonly reported C. gloeosporioides. Phylogenetic analysis derived from individual and combined ITS and GAPDH sequences clearly clustered C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides into separate species. Pathogenicity tests validated that both species were causal agents of tea brown blight disease and were highly pathogenic to tea leaves. However, the two groups of C. gloeosporioides with low levels of variability within their ITS and GAPDH regions differed in their virulence. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing brown blight disease on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China.
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Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar, Jaishree Jain, and Rajesh Prasad. "Early Blight and Late Blight Disease Detection in Potato Using Efficientnetb0." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 38 (April 30, 2024): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v38.002.

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Potatoes are an important crop heavily consumed by Indian food products. It is produced on a massive scale, with China, India, Russia, Poland, and the USA being the main producers. Numerous leaf diseases harm the crop during its production. A typical Indian farmer lacks the tools necessary to detect Leaf Disease before damage is done. On a dataset of potato leaf images retrieved from Kaggle, we employed the EfficientNetB0 of Deep Learning to address this problem. This model uses width scaling and resolution scaling apart from depth scaling to perform the classification. Our work mainly focuses on the diseases Early Blight and Late Blight, two serious potato diseases. Early blight Spots start off as tiny, dry, dark, and papery specks that develop into brown to black, circular to oval-shaped regions. Veins that round the spots frequently give them an angular appearance. Late blight syntoms appear as small, light to dark green and round to irregularly shaped. Water-soaked patches are the first signs of late blight. The Data Collection has 2152 pictures in total, 2000 of which are diseased and 152 of which are healthy. The deep learning model provides a testing accuracy of 99.05%, which is higher than several widely used techniques available to provide farmers with knowledge about correct diseases well in time.
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Alam, Md Mahbubul, Muhammad Abdus Sobahan, Nasima Akter, and Ismail Hossain. "An Investigation on Disease Incidence, Grain Yield and Quality of BRRI Dhan29 in Bangladesh." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15151.

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Rice crops are susceptible to disease, which causes large yield losses in many Asian countries. The influence of disease incidence and severity on grain yield and quality of the rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. BRRI dhan29) was investigated in three different locations of Chief Farm Superintendent’s (CFS) farm viz. Near Weather Yard (location-1), Near Agronomy Farm (location-2) and Near CFS farm office (location-3), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), mymensingh, Bangladesh during boro season. In location-1, both brown spot and sheath blight were recorded whereas in location-2 and in location-3 only brown spot was recorded. Severity of brown spot was lowest at the location-1 and the highest at the location-3. Combined incidence of brown spot and sheath blight decreased the yield considerably whereas brown spot did not alone. Maximum severity of sheath blight was observed both in flowering and soft dough stage and minimum at maximum tillering stage. The lowest infection index of brown spot was obtained at maximum tillering stage and the highest infection index was obtained at soft dough stage whereas maximum and minimum infection index of sheath blight of rice were recorded at soft dough stage and maximum tillering stage, respectively. Aparently healthy seeds, spotted seeds, discoloured seeds, deformed seeds and chaffy grains were found among the three locations. Germination percentage was highest in healthy seeds compared to other category seeds. Alternaria padwickii, Alternaria tenuis, Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium semitectum were found to be associated with the seed. The highest and lowest occurrence of A. padwickii, A. tenuis, B. oryzae, C. lunata were recorded from chaffy grains and from healthy seeds, respectively. It is suggest that disease incidence and severity was gradually increased with the age of the plant and reduced yield and quality of BRRI dhan29. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 311-317
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Zeleke, Tekalign, Muluadam Birhan, and Wubneh Ambachew. "Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 58 (August 15, 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.58.123.131.

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Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.
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Khoa, Nguyễn Đắc, Phan Thị Hồng Thúy, Trần Thị Thu Thủy, David B. Collinge, and Hans Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen. "Disease-Reducing Effect of Chromolaena odorata Extract on Sheath Blight and Other Rice Diseases." Phytopathology® 101, no. 2 (February 2011): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-10-0113.

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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) is a major cause of crop loss in intensive rice production systems. No economically viable control methods have been developed. We screened aqueous extracts of common herbal plants that could reduce sheath blight lesions and found that foliar spraying and seed soaking application of extracts of either fresh or dried leaves of Chromolaena odorata gave up to 68% reduction in sheath blight lesion lengths under controlled and semi-field conditions. The observed reductions were not dependent on growth conditions of C. odorata and rice cultivar. The effect was observed until 21 days after inoculation and was not dependent on microbial activity. Under semi-field conditions, extracts also reduced severity of other important rice diseases, i.e., blast (Pyricularia oryzae) using foliar spray (up to 45%), brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) using seed treatment (up to 57%), and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) using both application methods (up to 50%).
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Wang, Bin, Yongyan Zhang, Jiapeng Liu, Ou Sheng, Fan Liu, Dongliang Qiu, Peitao Lü, Guiming Deng, and Chunzhen Cheng. "A New Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Alternaria jacinthicola on Banana in China." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010012.

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A leaf blight disease with an incidence level of about 50% was found on Robusta banana in Guangdong province of China in September 2020. The early symptom appeared as pale gray to black brown, irregular, small, necrotic lesions mainly on the top 3–5 leaves. Severely infected leaves were withered and necrotic. Two representative fungus strains, strain L1 and strain L2, were isolated from affected banana leaves, and morphological and molecular identification analysis confirmed that the two fungi were both Alternaria jacinthicola. Many Alternaria species have been reported to cause wilting, decay, leaf blight and leaf spots on plants and lead to serious economic losses in their production, including A. alternata, causing leaf blight and leaf sport diseases on banana. The Koch’s postulates of A. jacinthicola causing the leaf blight disease was further fulfilled, which confirmed that it is the causal agent of this disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. jacinthicola causing leaf blight on banana in China.
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Serdyuk, O. A., V. S. Trubina, and L. A. Gorlova. "Effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on rapeseed and mustard plant productivity." BIO Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224705003.

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The article presents the research data on the effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on the plant productivity of winter and spring rapeseed, brown mustard, and white mustard. As a result of studies, we found that Fusarium blight (the pathogens are fungi of the genus Fusarium Link) was the most harmful for the spring rapeseed, brown and white mustard – affection by it significantly decreased plant productivity. At 4 points of affection degree of plants, the harmfulness of the disease reached 71.2, 82.4, and 87.2 %, respectively. On winter rapeseed and mustard, plant productivity was considerably decreased by affection by Phoma rot in the form of a stem cancer (the pathogen is a fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et. De Not) and the stem form of Sclerotinia blight (the pathogen is a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary.). The harmfulness of these diseases at 4 points of affection degree of plants reached 56.7 % and 66.7 % on rapeseed, and 56.6 % and 70.7 % on mustard, respectively.
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Ferrada, Enrique E., Bernardo A. Latorre, Juan P. Zoffoli, and Antonio Castillo. "Identification and Characterization of Botrytis Blossom Blight of Japanese Plums Caused by Botrytis cinerea and B. prunorum sp. nov. in Chile." Phytopathology® 106, no. 2 (February 2016): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-15-0143-r.

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Blossom blight is a destructive disease of plums (Prunus salicina) when humid and temperate weather conditions occur in Chile. Disease incidence ranging from 4 to 53% has been observed. Symptoms include light brown petal necrosis, starting as light brown mottles or V-shaped necrosis at the margins of the petals, progressing to the stamen and pistils. In this study, the etiology of blossom blight of plums was determined. High- and low-sporulating isolates of Botrytis were obtained consistently from blighted blossoms and apparently healthy flowers of plums. Based on colony morphology, conidial production and molecular phylogenetic analysis, these high- and low-sporulating isolates were identified as B. cinerea and B. prunorum sp. nov., respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the genes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) grouped B. prunorum isolates in a single cluster, distantly from B. cinerea and other Botrytis species. The phylogenetic analysis of necrosis and ethylene-inducing protein (NEP1 and NEP2) genes corroborated these results. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA and detection of Boty and Flipper transposable elements, were not useful to differentiate between these Botrytis species. Both species were pathogenic on plum flowers and the fruit of plums, apples, and kiwifruits. However, B. prunorum was less virulent than B. cinerea. These pathogens were re-isolated from inoculated and diseased tissues; thus, Koch’s postulates were fulfilled, confirming its role in blossom blight of plums. B. cinerea was predominant, suggesting that B. prunorum may play a secondary role in the epidemiology of blossom blight in plums in Chile. This study clearly demonstrated that the etiology of blossom blight of plums is caused by B. cinerea and B. prunorum, which constitute a species complex living in sympatry on plums and possibly on other stone fruit trees.
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Chethana, BS, CA Deepak, and MP Rajanna. "Identification of novel resistance source in traditional varieties against major diseases of rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.2.5.

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Traditional rice varieties maintained and cultivated by farmers are the potential sources of resistant donors that can be used for breeding rice varieties with durable resistance. They possess traits potentially adaptable to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Characterization of these germplasm is essential in rice breeding varieties and provides valued information for developing new rice. In this study, a large-scale screening of 167 traditional rice varieties was carried out to identify resistance sources against blast, sheath blight and brown spot diseases of rice. The mean location severity index (LSI) of leaf blast, sheath blight and brown spot was 6.91,7.14 and 7.84, respectively. Among the varieties screened, five varieties viz., Malgudi sanna, Putta batta, Selamsanna, Sadaholga and Mysuru sanna showed resistant reaction against blast, while only one variety Putta batta showed resistant reaction against brown spot, none of the varieties showed resistant reaction against sheath blight. However, only one variety Bangara sanna-4 showed moderate resistance to the sheath blight disease. The identified resistant varieties can be used as potential source for breeding durable resistant varieties in the future crop improvement programmes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brown Blight disease"

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Datta, Shraboni. "Studies on the Biology of Brown blight disease of Tea, Camellia sinences(L.) O, Kuntze with special reference to the factors effecting its in incidence." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/891.

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Das, Gouri. "Studies on the Brown Blight disease of tea Camellia sinensis L. (O.) Kuntze cause by Glomerella cingulata (stoneman) Spauld. & Schrenk. and its interaction with phylloplane microorganisms." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1088.

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Saito, Belisa Cristina [UNESP]. "Characterization of corn inbred lines for disease resistance." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150400.

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O milho é uma das culturas mais extensamente cultivadas em todo mundo. A incidência e a severidade de doenças têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos acarretando perdas no rendimento e afetando a qualidade dos grãos. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos na tentativa de identificar híbridos resistentes às principais doenças que acometem a cultura do milho, mas poucos são os relatos de estudos com linhagens. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar linhagens resistentes e susceptíveis com base na área abaixo da curva de progresso de doenças (AACPD) para os sintomas de ferrugem tropical (TR), ferrugem polissora (SR), cercosporiose (GLS), helmintosporiose (NLB), mancha marrom (PBS) e mancha branca (PLS); 2) identificar linhagens resistentes e suscetíveis com base nos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para os sintomas de cercosporiose, helmintosporiose, mancha marrom e mancha branca; 3) identificar as melhores datas de semeadura, com a maior ocorrência das doenças, para fins de avaliação de linhagens e outros genótipos para resistência. Cinquenta linhagens, derivadas de populações com grãos flint e dent, foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, aos 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura em duas épocas, para medição da AACPD. Para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, 41 linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, 30 dias após o florescimento feminino, em onze épocas de semeadura, usando o método de análise de regressão. Foram atribuídas notas de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 e 9 correspondendo a 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 e > 80% de área foliar com sintomas de doença. Para a AACPD, a análise de variância conjunta foi significativa para TR, SR, GLS e PLS e a interação linhagens x épocas foi significativa para ferrugem tropical e polissora. Para GLS e NLB as 41 linhagens foram classificadas como resistentes, sendo que as maiores severidades de doenças ocorreram nas semeaduras entre Junho e Setembro. As linhagens IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D e 7D foram classificadas como resistentes para as doenças estudadas, sendo indicadas para o desenvolvimento de sintéticos. Para a mancha marrom e mancha branca, as semeaduras de Abril, Junho, Julho e Agosto apresentaram maiores severidades de doenças. As linhagens IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D, 10D e 2F podem ser indicadas no desenvolvimento de sintéticos resistentes.
Corn is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the worldwide. The incidence and severity of diseases affecting crops have increased significantly in the past years, leading to yield losses and affecting grain quality. Many studies have been carried out with the attempt to identify hybrids that are resistant to the main diseases, but few reports have studied inbred lines. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) for tropical rust, southern rust, gray leaf spot, northern leaf blight, physoderma brown spot and phaeosphaeria leaf spot; 2) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on adaptability and stability parameters for symptoms of gray leaf spot (GLS), northern leaf blight (NLB), physoderma brown spot (PBS) and phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS); 3) identify the best planting dates, with the highest occurrence of diseases, for the purpose of evaluating inbred lines and other genotypes for resistance. For AUDPC, fifty inbred lines, derived from populations with flint and dent grains, were evaluated in randomized block designs with three replications, at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting in two seasons. For the analysis of adaptability and stability, forty-one inbred lines were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replications, 30 days after silking, in eleven planting dates, using regression analysis method. The scale of scores from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 corresponding to 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and > 80% of leaf area with disease symptoms was used. For AUDPC, the joint analysis of variance was significant for TR, SR, GLS and PLS, while the interaction inbred lines x environments, was significant for TR and SR. For GLS and NLB, forty-one inbred lines were classified as resistant and the highest severities of diseases occurred in planting dates between June and September. The inbred lines IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D and 7D were classified as resistant to the diseases studied and are indicated to produce synthetics. For PBS and PLS, the plating dates of April, June, July and August showed higher disease severity. The inbred lines IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D,10D and 2F may be indicated to produce synthetics.
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Saito, Belisa Cristina. "Characterization of corn inbred lines for disease resistance /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150400.

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Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade
Resumo: O milho é uma das culturas mais extensamente cultivadas em todo mundo. A incidência e a severidade de doenças têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos acarretando perdas no rendimento e afetando a qualidade dos grãos. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos na tentativa de identificar híbridos resistentes às principais doenças que acometem a cultura do milho, mas poucos são os relatos de estudos com linhagens. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar linhagens resistentes e susceptíveis com base na área abaixo da curva de progresso de doenças (AACPD) para os sintomas de ferrugem tropical (TR), ferrugem polissora (SR), cercosporiose (GLS), helmintosporiose (NLB), mancha marrom (PBS) e mancha branca (PLS); 2) identificar linhagens resistentes e suscetíveis com base nos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para os sintomas de cercosporiose, helmintosporiose, mancha marrom e mancha branca; 3) identificar as melhores datas de semeadura, com a maior ocorrência das doenças, para fins de avaliação de linhagens e outros genótipos para resistência. Cinquenta linhagens, derivadas de populações com grãos flint e dent, foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, aos 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura em duas épocas, para medição da AACPD. Para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, 41 linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, 30 dias após o florescimento feminino, em onze épocas de semeadura, us... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Martins, Mônica Cagnin. "Produtividade da soja sob influência de ocorrência natural de Septoria glycines Hemmi e Cercospora kikuchii (Matsu. & Tomoyasu) Gardner com e sem controle químico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-23092003-141226/.

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A ocorrência das doenças de final de ciclo causadas pelos fungos Septoria glycines e Cercospora kikuchii é facilmente observada no campo. Entretanto, são necessárias informações precisas sobre a quantificação de danos e perdas na produtividade, bem como, a definição da melhor época para aplicação de fungicidas. A falta de um método padrão de quantificação visual pode levar a estimativas imprecisas da severidade das mesmas, induzindo a conclusões erradas. Com os objetivos de elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para a quantificação das doenças de final de ciclo da soja, avaliar o efeito dessas doenças sobre a produtividade, identificar o melhor estádio fenológico da cultura para o controle dessas doenças, verificar a relação entre a severidade dessas doenças e a produtividade e avaliar os efeitos das mesmas sobre a duração e absorção da área foliar sadia das plantas de soja, foram instalados experimentos na Fazenda Areão (ESALQ/USP), localizada em Piracicaba - SP. Utilizou-se o cultivar de soja MG/BR - 46 (Conquista), considerado suscetível a essas doenças, adotando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois fungicidas: benomyl e tebuconazole e três momentos fenológicos de pulverização: R4, R5.3 e R6) com três tratamentos adicionais (testemunha, pulverização quinzenal de benomyl e pulverização quinzenal de tebuconazole), repetidos três vezes. Determinou-se a severidade dessas doenças; o número de vagens e de sementes por planta; a massa de 1000 sementes e a produtividade. Para quantificação da severidade dessas doenças foi elaborada uma escala diagramática a partir de folhas coletadas em campo, apresentando diferentes níveis de severidade. A área de cada folha e sua correspondente severidade foram determinadas e, seguindo-se a “Lei do Estímulo de Weber-Fechner”, elaborou-se a escala com os níveis de severidade de doença: 2,4; 15,2; 25,9; 40,5 e 66,6%. A validação foi realizada por nove avaliadores, sem experiência na avaliação das doenças de final de ciclo, os quais estimaram a severidade de 30 folíolos de soja com sintomas destas doenças. A precisão das avaliações variou de acordo com o avaliador (0,84The occurrence of late season leaf diseases caused by the fungus Septoria glycines and Cercospora kikuchii is easily identified in field. However, there is a need of precise information to quantify the damage and yield losses as well as to define the best occasions for fungicide applications. The lack of a standardized visual method may lead to inaccurate estimates of their severity, inducing inexact conclusions. With the purposes: to elaborate and validate a diagrammatic scale to assess late season leaf soybean diseases; to evaluate the effect of theses diseases on yield; to identify the best soybean growth stages for chemical control; to verify the relation between severity of theses diseases and yield and to evaluate the effect of theses diseases on healthy leaf area duration and healthy leaf area absorption, were installed field experiments at Fazenda Areão (ESALQ/USP), in Piracicaba - SP. The soybean cultivar MG/BR - 46 (Conquista), susceptible to both diseases was sown in a complete randomized blocks design in factorial 2 x 3 (two fungicides: benomyl and tebuconazole and three application stages: R4, R5.3 e R6) and three extra treatments (control without application, fortnightly application of benomyl and fortnightly application of tebuconazole), at three replications. The severity, the pod number per plant, the seed number per pod, the mass of 1,000 seed and yield were determined. To quantify the severity of these diseases it was elaborated a diagrammatic scale, from leaves collected in the field presenting different levels of severity. The area of each leaf and its correspondent severity were determined, and following the “Stimulus Law by Weber-Fechner” a scale was elaborated with the severity levels: 2.4, 15.2, 25.9, 40.5 and 66.6%. The validation was carried out by nine appraisers, without previous practice in assessing late season leaf diseases, who estimate the severity on 30 leaflets of soybean with disease symptoms. The evaluation precision varied according to the appraiser (0.84
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Tsai, Chih-Chien, and 蔡志千. "Epidemiological study and non-pesticide control of tea brown blight disease." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76252996003082788489.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物醫學碩士學位學程
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Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a kind of evergreen perennial shrub or small tree, can be processed to the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Due to its fragrant flavor, tea has been massively grown in Taiwan. Tea can be affected by many diseases, among them the tea brown blight disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is the most common fungus disease in the field. To investigate the severity of tea brown blight disease, and to control it, this study monitored the disease severity of tea brown blight at Pinglin, Wenshan and Yangmei areas. As a new sprout wilt disease was found at Pinglin, New Taipei, tissue isolation methods were conducted to obtain the suspect pathogen. Results showed that both Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis can be isolated from the wilting sprout. Through the rules of Koch’s postulates and molecular identification, we confirmed that the sprout wilt is mainly caused by C. gloeosporioides. Sprout wilt disease can cause 20 to 50 percent of yield loss in Pinglin, resulting in severe economic impact on winter tea in Pinglin area. Culturing this pathogen at different temperatures showed that this pathogen grows best at 25℃ and slower at 15℃, but cannot grow at 35℃. Basing on epidemiological study from December 2013 to June 2014, this disease prefer the low temperature, low humidity and high wind speed. The relationship between sprout wilt and tea brown blight disease is generally positively correlated, indicating that the spores from tea leaves with brown blight disease can splash to sprout by wind and rain and cause the disease. On the other hand, brown blight disease occurred more severe in season of high speed wind. As compared to Ttes No.12, Shy Jih Chuen and Tieguanyin, the cultivar Chih Shih Oolong is the most sensitive to brown blight disease. In order to eliminate the concerns of pesticide residues, non-pesticides control of plant disease is right now a favorite by farmer. Therefore we choose seven kind of plant to prepare their extracts and two antagonistic microorganisms to test to control the sprout wilt in this study. They are ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, cloves, cablin potchouli herb and Chinese magnoliavine fruit. The test of their extracts for effect on mycelial growth and spores germination, showed that only ethanol extract of clove, cinnamon and cablin potchouli herb have some inhibition potential against the pathogen. However, only the ethanol extract of turmeric and garlic (0.2%) exhibit the inhibition rate of about 25% in pot plant test. On the other side, antagonism microorganisms Streptomyces (Streptomyces sp.) YU01 and Bacillus subtilis also have inhibition effect on this pathogen in dual culture experiment. Streptomyces YU01 even has 83% inhibition rate to control the sprout wilt disease in pot plant test, when applied one day before the inoculation. Whereas the Bacillus subtilis has no inhibition effect in pot plant test. A total of 13 fungicides were screened for their control rates on tea brown blight pathogen by mycelial growth inhibition test. Results showed that both benomyl, kasugamycin plus carbendazim, have the best potential to control the disease. In this study, we found that the sprout wilt pathogen can infect not only the Chin Shin Oolong cultivar, but also the cultivar Ttes No.12, Shy Jih Chuen and Dah Yeh Oolong. We also found that anthracnose pathogens from mango, strawberry and coffee, cannot cause the tea sprout wilt. Our study proved that the pathogen from brown blight can transmit and cause sprout wilt as shown in our field survey and pathogenicity test. However the reason of sprout wilt only occur in Pinglin area still need further studies in the future.
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Book chapters on the topic "Brown Blight disease"

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Vishunavat, Karuna, Kuppusami Prabakar, and Theerthagiri Anand. "Seed Health: Testing and Management." In Seed Science and Technology, 335–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_14.

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AbstractHealthy seeds play an important role in growing a healthy crop. Seed health testing is performed by detecting the presence or absence of insect infestation and seed-borne diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The most detrimental effect of seed-borne pathogens is the contamination of previously disease-free areas and the spread of new diseases. Sowing contaminated or infected seeds not only spreads pathogens but can also reduce yields significantly by 15–90%. Some of the major seed-borne diseases affecting yield in cereals, oilseeds, legumes, and vegetables, particularly in the warm and humid conditions prevailing in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, are blast and brown spot of rice, white tip nematode and ear-cockle in wheat, bacterial leaf blight of rice, downy mildews, smuts, head mould, seedling rots, anthracnose, halo blight, and a number of viral diseases. Hence, detection of seed-borne pathogens, such as fungi (anthracnose, bunt, smut, galls, fungal blights), bacteria (bacterial blights, fruit rots, cankers), viruses (crinkle, mottle, mosaic), and nematodes (galls and white tip), which transmit through infected seed to the main crop, is an important step in the management strategies for seed-borne diseases. Thus, seed health testing forms an essential part of seed certification, phytosanitary certification, and quarantine programmes at national and international levels. Detection of seed-borne/transmitted pathogens is also vital in ensuring the health of the basic stock used for seed production and in maintaining the plant germplasm for future research and product development. Besides the precise and reproducible testing methods, appropriate practices during seed production and post-harvest handling, including seed treatment and storage, are important components of seed health management and sustainable crop protection.
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Kono, Y. "Structural Studies on Host-Specific Pathotoxins in Corn Blight and Citrus Brown Spot Diseases." In Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis, 7–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73178-5_2.

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Edward Samura, Alusaine, Sahr N. Fomba, Augustine Mansarsy, Musa D. Saffa, Dan D. Quee, and Johnny E. Norman. "Seasonal Variation on the Incidence and Severity of Major Foliar Diseases of Cassava in Sierra Leone." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98201.

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A diagnostic survey was conducted in the rainy and dry seasons from 2014 to 2015 to determine the incidence and severity of major diseases of cassava in Sierra Leone. At least three chiefdoms and five villages per district were targeted. The survey was carried out in fourteen districts of the country with geo references using a GPS. On the spot assessment was conducted in all fields. Prevalence, severity and incidence were calculated. The most dominant diseases included the cassava mosaic disease and the cassava bacterial blight. The prevalence of cassava mosaic disease was high with 69.1% and 61.5% in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. The prevalence of cassava bacterial blight was 100% and 92% in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. Diseases of less importance included white spot and brown spot diseases as well as cassava anthracnose disease. The study provides bases for the deployment of improved varieties and provides information on the seasonal prevalence, incidence and severity of cassava diseases in Sierra Leone.
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Zhou, Xin-Gen, Dongyan Zhang, and Fenfang Lin. "UAV Remote Sensing: An Innovative Tool for Detection and Management of Rice Diseases." In Diagnostics of Plant Diseases [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95535.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is a new alternative to traditional diagnosis and detection of rice diseases by visual symptoms, providing quick, accurate and large coverage disease detection. UAV remote sensing offers an unprecedented spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution that can distinguish diseased plant tissue from healthy tissue based on the characteristics of disease symptoms. Research has been conducted on using RGB sensor, multispectral sensor, and hyperspectral sensor for successful detection and quantification of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), using multispectral sensor to accurately detect narrow brown leaf spot (Cercospora janseana), and using infrared thermal sensor for detecting the occurrence of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae). UAV can also be used for aerial application, and UAV spraying has become a new means for control of rice sheath blight and other crop diseases in many countries, especially China and Japan. UAV spraying can operate at low altitudes and various speeds, making it suitable for situations where arial and ground applications are unavailable or infeasible and where precision applications are needed. Along with advances in digitalization and artificial intelligence for precision application across fertilizer, pest and crop management needs, this UAV technology will become a core tool in a farmer’s precision equipment mix in the future.
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T. Tambong, James. "Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy." In Wheat [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102855.

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Bacterial pathogens are significant biotic factors of wheat, a globally important source of carbohydrates. The diseases caused by these pathogens are reported to reduce annual wheat production by about 10% and up to 40% in severe infections occurring early in the growth period. This chapter presents current information on the symptoms, distribution, identification, and taxonomy of key bacterial pathogens of wheat with a focus on the seed-borne bacterium, Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, the causative agent of the leaf streak and black chaff disease. Other wheat-pathogenic bacterial pathogens addressed in the chapter are Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight; P. syringae pv. atrofaciens that cause the basal glume rot; Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, the causal agent of the bacterial brown sheath; Erwinia rhapontici, the causal agent of the pink seed of wheat; Pseudomonas cichorii, the causative agent of wheat stem melanosis; Clavibacter tessellarius is responsible for the bacterial mosaic of wheat as well as other minor bacterial pathogens. Finally, the chapter proposed the use of genome-based tools for the accurate identification and classification of bacterial pathogens of wheat.
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Shivappa, Raghu, Devanna B. Navadagi, Mathew Seikholen Baite, Manoj Kumar Yadav, Prabhukarthikeyan S. Rathinam, Keerthana Umapathy, Prajna Pati, and Prakash Chandra Rath. "Emerging Minor Diseases of Rice in India: Losses and Management Strategies." In Integrative Advances in Rice Research. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99898.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L) being one of the imperative food crops of the word contributes immensely to the food and nutritional security of India. The cultivation of rice is changed over the decades from a simple cultivation practices to the advanced cultivation to increase yield. Increased in rice yields especially after 1960s is mainly due to the introduction of high yielding semi-dwarf varieties which requires more inputs like chemical fertilizers, water and other resources. As a result, India achieved self sufficiency in rice and currently producing more than 115 MT of rice to meet country’s demand. Now India is exporting rice to other nations and earning foreign returns. With the change in rice cultivation practices, problems also aroused side by side. A number of biotic and abiotic stresses emerged as major constraints for rice cultivation in diverse agro-climatic conditions and growing ecologies. Diseases are the major biotic constraints to rice which can reduce the yields by 20–100% based on severity. Major diseases like blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight and tungro still causing more damage and new minor diseases like bakanae, false smut, grain discoloration, early seedling blight, narrow brown spot, sheath rot have emerged as major problems. The losses due to these diseases may 1–100% based on the growing conditions, varietal susceptibility etc.., At present no significant source of resistance available for any of the above emerging diseases. But looking into the severity of these diseases, it is very important to address them by following integrated management practices like cultural, mechanical, biological and finally chemical control. But more emphasis has to be given to screen gerrmplasm against these diseases and identify stable source of resistance. Finally utilizing these sources in resistance breeding program by employing molecular breeding tools like marker assisted selection (MAS), marker assisted back cross breeding (MABB), gene pyramiding and transgenic tools. The present chapter discusses the importance of these emerging minor diseases of rice, the losses and possible management measures including resistance breeding.
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Cruz, Sergio Manuel Serra, and Gizelle Kupac Vianna. "Using MLP Neural Networks to Detect Late Blight in Brazilian Tomato Crops." In Deep Learning and Neural Networks, 1087–108. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0414-7.ch061.

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The food quality is a major issue in agriculture, economics, and public health. The tomato is one the most consumed vegetables in the world, having a significant production chain in Brazil. Its culture permeates many economic and social sectors. This paper presents a technological approach focused on enhancing the quality of tomatoes crops. The authors developed intelligent computational strategies to support early detection of diseases in Brazilian tomato crops. Their approach consorts real field experiments with inexpensive computer-aided experiments based on pattern recognition using neural networks techniques. The recognition tasks aimed at the identification foliage diseases named late blight, which is characterized by the incidence of brown spots on tomato leaves. The identification method achieved a hit rate of 94.12%, by using digital images in the visible spectrum of the leaves.
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Conference papers on the topic "Brown Blight disease"

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Robertson, Alison. "Corn diseases of 2014: Northern corn leaf blight, Physoderma brown spot, ear and stalk rots." In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-154.

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