Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brown bear Black bear / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Brown bear Black bear.

Journal articles on the topic 'Brown bear Black bear'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Brown bear Black bear.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Rinker, David C., Natalya K. Specian, Shu Zhao, and John G. Gibbons. "Polar bear evolution is marked by rapid changes in gene copy number in response to dietary shift." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (June 17, 2019): 13446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901093116.

Full text

Abstract:

Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) are recently diverged species that inhabit vastly differing habitats. Thus, analysis of the polar bear and brown bear genomes represents a unique opportunity to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic underpinnings of rapid ecological adaptation in mammals. Copy number (CN) differences in genomic regions between closely related species can underlie adaptive phenotypes and this form of genetic variation has not been explored in the context of polar bear evolution. Here, we analyzed the CN profiles of 17 polar bears, 9 brown bears, and 2 black bears (Ursus americanus). We identified an average of 318 genes per individual that showed evidence of CN variation (CNV). Nearly 200 genes displayed species-specific CN differences between polar bear and brown bear species. Principal component analysis of gene CN provides strong evidence that CNV evolved rapidly in the polar bear lineage and mainly resulted in CN loss. Olfactory receptors composed 47% of CN differentiated genes, with the majority of these genes being at lower CN in the polar bear. Additionally, we found significantly fewer copies of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism as well asAMY1B, the salivary amylase-encoding gene in the polar bear. These results suggest that natural selection shaped patterns of CNV in response to the transition from an omnivorous to primarily carnivorous diet during polar bear evolution. Our analyses of CNV shed light on the genomic underpinnings of ecological adaptation during polar bear evolution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lan, Tianying, Stephanie Gill, Eva Bellemain, Richard Bischof, Muhammad Ali Nawaz, and Charlotte Lindqvist. "Evolutionary history of enigmatic bears in the Tibetan Plateau–Himalaya region and the identity of the yeti." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1868 (November 29, 2017): 20171804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1804.

Full text

Abstract:

Although anecdotally associated with local bears ( Ursus arctos and U. thibetanus ), the exact identity of ‘hominid’-like creatures important to folklore and mythology in the Tibetan Plateau–Himalaya region is still surrounded by mystery. Recently, two purported yeti samples from the Himalayas showed genetic affinity with an ancient polar bear, suggesting they may be from previously unrecognized, possibly hybrid, bear species, but this preliminary finding has been under question. We conducted a comprehensive genetic survey of field-collected and museum specimens to explore their identity and ultimately infer the evolutionary history of bears in the region. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences determined clade affinities of the purported yeti samples in this study, strongly supporting the biological basis of the yeti legend to be local, extant bears. Complete mitochondrial genomes were assembled for Himalayan brown bear ( U. a. isabellinus ) and black bear ( U. t. laniger ) for the first time. Our results demonstrate that the Himalayan brown bear is one of the first-branching clades within the brown bear lineage, while Tibetan brown bears diverged much later. The estimated times of divergence of the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan bear lineages overlap with Middle to Late Pleistocene glaciation events, suggesting that extant bears in the region are likely descendants of populations that survived in local refugia during the Pleistocene glaciations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Fuchs, Boris, Koji Yamazaki, Alina L. Evans, Toshio Tsubota, Shinsuke Koike, Tomoko Naganuma, and Jon M. Arnemo. "Heart rate during hyperphagia differs between two bear species." Biology Letters 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 20180681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0681.

Full text

Abstract:

Hyperphagia is a critical part of the yearly cycle of bears when they gain fat reserves before entering hibernation. We used heart rate as a proxy to compare the metabolic rate between the Asian black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) in Japan and the Eurasian brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) in Sweden from summer into hibernation. In the hyperphagic period, black bears feed on fat- and carbohydrate-rich hard masts whereas brown bears feed on sugar-rich berries. Availability of hard masts has quantitative and spatial annual fluctuations, which might require increased activity and result in intraspecific stress. Using generalized additive mixed models we analysed the differences in heart rate between the two species. Black bears had decreased heart rates during summer but had doubled heart rate values throughout the hyperphagic period compared to brown bears. This letter illustrates the different physiological consequences of seasonal differences in food availability in two species of the same genus dealing with the same phenological challenge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hilderbrand, G. V., S. D. Farley, C. T. Robbins, T. A. Hanley, K. Titus, and C. Servheen. "Use of stable isotopes to determine diets of living and extinct bears." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2080–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-236.

Full text

Abstract:

The potential use of stable-isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) to estimate bear diets was assessed in 40-day feeding trials using American black bears (Ursus americanus). Bear plasma and red blood cells have half-lives of ~4 days and ~28 days, respectively. The isotopic signature of bear plasma is linearly related to that of the diet, and with the exception of adipose tissue, there is no isotopic fractionation across bear tissues. Isotopic analyses were used to estimate the diets of three bear populations: Pleistocene cave bears (U. speleaus) in Europe, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) inhabiting the Columbia River drainage prior to 1931, and brown bears (U. arctos) of Chichagof and Admiralty islands, Alaska. Cave bears were omnivores with terrestrially produced meat contributing from 41 to 78% (58 ± 14%) of their metabolized carbon and nitrogen. Salmon contributed from 33 to 90% (58 ± 23%) of the metabolized carbon and nitrogen in grizzly bears from the Columbia River drainage. Finally, most brown bears on Chichagof and Admiralty islands feed upon salmon during the late summer and fall; however, a subpopulation of bears exists that does not utilize salmon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Dupouy-Camet, J., P. Bourée, and H. Yera. "Trichinella and polar bears: a limited risk for humans." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 4 (April 4, 2017): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x17000219.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn this review, we identified 63 cases reported since World War II of human trichinellosis linked to the consumption of parasitized polar bear (Ursus maritimus) meat. This low number contrasts to the numerous cases of human trichinellosis related to consumption of the meat of black (U. americanus) or brown bears (U. arctos). The prevalence of Trichinella infection is high in bears, but larval muscular burden is usually lower in polar bears compared to other bear species. Polar bears, therefore, seem to play a limited role in the transmission of trichinellosis to humans, as native residents living in the Arctic traditionally consume well-cooked bear meat, and travellers and foreign hunters have only limited access to this protected species due to the declining polar bear population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Seryodkin, I. V., A. M. Zakharenko, P. S. Dmitrenok, and K. S. Golokhvast. "Biochemical Content of Cambium ofAbies nephrolepisEaten by Bears on the Far East of Russia." Biochemistry Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3020571.

Full text

Abstract:

The peculiarity of bears behavior of stripping of bark is typical for all species. We have described the damage to trees, by Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus)and brown bear(U. arctos)in Primorsky Krai and by brown bears on the Sakhalin Island during 1998–2015. In this study, we studied the damaged bark of the tree only in cases where it was clear that part of the cambium was eaten by bears. Cambium of speciesAbies nephrolepisis the most preferred for bear consumption in Primorsky Krai. We distinguished very large seasonal fluctuations in the amount of its consumption. The greatest interest of bears in this kind of food is in the summer time. We have analyzed the composition of the cambium ofA. nephrolepis. These results suggest that the important purpose of the use of this kind of food is to restore and maintain the normal functioning of the intestines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Cronin, Matthew A., Steven C. Amstrup, Gerald W. Garner, and Ernest R. Vyse. "Interspecific and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-421.

Full text

Abstract:

We assessed mitochondrial DNA variation in North American black bears (Ursus americanus), brown bears (Ursus arctos), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (0.05 base substitutions per nucleotide) were identified in populations of black bears from Montana and Oregon. In contrast, very similar haplotypes occur in black bears across North America. This discordance of haplotype phylogeny and geographic distribution indicates that there has been maintenance of polymorphism and considerable gene flow throughout the history of the species. Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in brown bears and polar bears is lower than in black bears. The two morphological forms of U. arctos, grizzly and coastal brown bears, are not in distinct mtDNA lineages. Interspecific comparisons indicate that brown bears and polar bears share similar mitochondrial DNA (0.023 base substitutions per nucleotide) which is quite divergent (0.078 base substitutions per nucleotide) from that of black bears. High mitochondrial DNA divergence within black bears and paraphyletic relationships of brown and polar bear mitochondrial DNA indicate that intraspecific variation across species' ranges should be considered in phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Stetz, Jeff B., Tucker Seitz, and Michael A. Sawaya. "Effects of Exposure on Genotyping Success Rates of Hair Samples from Brown and American Black Bears." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122013-jfwm-085.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Noninvasively collected hair samples have been used in numerous studies to answer questions about the demographic and genetic status and trends of wildlife populations. In particular, these methods are well-suited for researching and monitoring ursid populations, which are typically difficult to study because of their rare and cryptic nature. Recently, researchers have taken increasing advantage of natural bear behaviors to obtain hair samples for genetic analyses by conducting surveys of bear rubs (objects that bears rub against such as trees and power poles). The low quality and quantity DNA in noninvasively collected samples, however, can result in low genotyping success rates, which may be exacerbated by potentially lengthy duration of environmental exposure. We investigated the effects of environmental exposure (sunlight, moisture, and duration of exposure) on genotyping success rates of brown bear Ursus arctos and American black bear Ursus americanus hair samples. We exposed a total of 238 hair samples from one brown bear and one black bear to multiple treatments for either 30-d or 60-d, periods consistent with collection intervals of recent bear rub survey projects. Sample treatments consisted of full or dappled sunlight, kept dry or saturated with water one to two times daily. We genotyped each sample at three microsatellite loci commonly used in noninvasive genetic studies of bear populations. Our results were consistent with predictions, with all three factors significantly reducing genotyping success rates. Based on our results, we recommend that the specific conditions of field exposure be considered when selecting a suite of microsatellite markers for noninvasive genetic sampling projects, and that researchers carefully consider the duration and environmental conditions that hair samples will be exposed to when designing field studies. Limiting exposure to moisture and sunlight by collecting hairs from bear rubs at relatively short intervals and selecting dry and shaded sites should reduce DNA degradation and thus result in higher genotyping success rates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Britton, Ann P., Julie Bidulka, Andrea Scouras, Helen Schwantje, and Tomy Joseph. "Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in a free-ranging grizzly bear cub associated with Sarcocystis canis–like infection." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719826627.

Full text

Abstract:

We describe herein fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in a free-ranging grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis) cub with apicomplexan infection of the liver and brain, both demonstrating 100% homology for Sarcocystis canis and S. arctosi. Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in dogs has been etiologically associated with intrahepatic schizonts of S. canis. In black and polar bears, a S. canis–like organism produces schizonts in the liver and massive hepatic necrosis. Although intramuscular sarcocysts, taxa S. arctosi and S. ursusi, have been described in healthy brown and black bears, respectively, they have not been detected in bears with hepatic sarcocystosis, to our knowledge, and it is currently unknown whether bears represent an aberrant or intermediate host.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Riley, D. A., J. M. Van Dyke, V. Vogel, B. D. Curry, J. L. W. Bain, R. Schuett, D. L. Costill, T. Trappe, K. Minchev, and S. Trappe. "Soleus muscle stability in wild hibernating black bears." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 315, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): R369—R379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2018.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not feeding. The present study examined atrophy sparing in the slow soleus muscle, known to be highly prone to disuse atrophy in humans and other mammals. We demonstrated histochemically that the black bear soleus is rich in slow fibers, averaging 84.0 ± 6.6%. The percentages of slow fibers in fall (87.3 ± 4.9%) and during hibernation (87.1 ± 5.6%) did not differ ( P = 0.3152) from summer. The average fiber cross-sectional area to body mass ratio (48.6 ± 11.7 µm2/kg) in winter hibernating bears was not significantly different from that of summer (54.1 ± 11.8 µm2/kg, P = 0.4186) and fall (47.0 ± 9.7 µm2/kg, P = 0.9410) animals. The percentage of single hybrid fibers containing both slow and fast myosin heavy chains, detected biochemically, increased from 2.6 ± 3.8% in summer to 24.4 ± 24.4% ( P = 0.0244) during hibernation. The shortening velocities of individual hybrid fibers remained unchanged from that of pure slow and fast fibers, indicating low content of the minority myosins. Slow and fast fibers in winter bears exhibited elevated specific tension (kN/m2; 22%, P = 0.0161 and 11%, P = 0.0404, respectively) and maintained normalized power. The relative stability of fiber type percentage and size, fiber size-to-body mass ratio, myosin heavy chain isoform content, shortening velocity, power output, and elevated specific tension during hibernation validates the ability of the black bear to preserve the biochemical and performance characteristics of the soleus muscle during prolonged hibernation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Vela-Vargas, I. Mauricio, Jeffrey P. Jorgenson, José F. González-Maya, and John L. Koprowski. "Tremarctos ornatus (Carnivora: Ursidae)." Mammalian Species 53, no. 1006 (July 15, 2021): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seab008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Tremarctos ornatus (F.G. Cuvier, 1825) is a tremarctine bear commonly known as the Andean bear. It is a medium-sized bear with black to dark red-brown pelage with dense, long, coarse fur; creamy white marks occur on the chin, neck, and chest, and often white to creamy marks occur on the face, around the muzzle, and eyes. It is distributed in the tropical Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, and northern Argentina in South America. T. ornatus is catalogued as “Vulnerable” (VU) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and is included in CITES Appendix I. Main threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, illegal killing, human–bear conflicts, and most likely climate change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Miller, S. D. "An Observation of Inter- and Intra-Specific Aggression Involving Brown Bear, Black Bear, and Moose in Southcentral Alaska." Journal of Mammalogy 66, no. 4 (November 29, 1985): 805–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1380816.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Miller, Sterling D. "Denning Ecology of Brown Bears in Southcentral Alaska and Comparisons with a Sympatric Black Bear Population." Bears: Their Biology and Management 8 (1990): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872930.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Davis, Walter L., David B. P. Goodman, Linda A. Crawford, O. Jay Cooper, and James L. Matthews. "Hibernation activates glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis in black bear brown adipose tissue." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1051, no. 3 (March 1990): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(90)90133-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Gutleb, Bernhard, and Hooshang Ziaie. "On the distribution and status of the Brown Bear,Ursus arctos, and the Asiatic Black Bear,U. thibetanus, in Iran." Zoology in the Middle East 18, no. 1 (January 1999): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.1999.10637777.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Gulyaev, V. I. "The Bear Cult and Kurgans of the Scythian Elite." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no. 3 (September 21, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.085-093.

Full text

Abstract:

This study, based on artifacts from high-ranking kurgans of the northern Black Sea region (700–300 BC), addresses the little-studied bear motif in Scythian culture and its relevance for the ancient inhabitants of this region and of the adjacent territories. It is a wide-held view that the image of the brown bear had been borrowed from the Ananyino culture of the Kama. Variation of this motif is described and its chronology is assessed. Two principal iconographic versions are known in Scythian art—the animal is shown either en face, in the so-called sacrifi cial posture, or drinking (in profi le, with a bowed head). Such representations occur most often on gold-plated ritual bowls and ornaments of the horse harness. Both the chronology and the distribution range of these artifacts disagree with the idea that the bear motif was a loan from forest cultures. Rather, it appears to be inherently Scythian, having originated around 700 BC together with other images of the animal style. Apparently, some form of the bear cult was practiced by the Scythian elite.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Miller, Sterling D., Earl F. Becker, and Warren B. Ballard. "Black and Brown Bear Density Estimates Using Modified Capture-Recapture Techniques in Alaska." Bears: Their Biology and Management 7 (1987): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872604.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Byng, Michelle D. "RACE KNOWLEDGE." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 14, no. 1 (2017): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x17000042.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis analysis addresses race knowledge or the connection between race identity and the ability to designate what is socially legitimate. It problematizes race inequality in light of neoliberal, post-Civil Rights racial reforms. Using qualitative data from interviews with second-generation Muslim Americans, the analysis maps their understanding of the racialized social legitimacy of Brown, Black, and White identities. Findings address how racial hierarchy is organized by racial neoliberalism and the persistence of White supremacy. They show that White racial dominance continues in spite of claims of post-racialism. Moreover, second-generation Muslim Americans position their Brown and Black racial identity as subordinate to White racial identity, but Brown and Black races are different rather than hierarchically positioned in reference to one another. The respondents bring neoliberal globalism as well as U.S. racial dynamics to bear on their understandings of racial hierarchy and racialized social legitimacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ayorinde, K. L. "EXTERNAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR INDIGENOUS HELMETED GUINEA FOWL VARIETIES (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas 1882) IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 16 (January 5, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v16i.1916.

Full text

Abstract:

The physical characteristics of 338 indigenous helmeted guinea fowls at 28 and 52 weeks of age were described. Four main colour types or varieties recognised were Ash (Lavender), Black, Pearl (Grey) and pure White. Body weights averaged 1.15 ± 0.03kg and 1.34 ± 0.05kg at 28 and 52 weeks of age respectively for the guinea cocks and 1.07 æ 0.04kg and 1.29 æ 0.06kg at 28 and 52 weeks respectively for the guinea hens. The overall mean body weight for the entire population was 1.1 ± 0.4kg at 28 weeks of age and 1.31 ± 0.07kg at 52 weeks of age. Body weights were significantly (P<.05) bigger at end of laying (52 weeks) than at pointof lay. The males at each age and in each variety also had larger body weights than the females. The guinea cocks had slightly longer body (43.1 vs 42.6cm), keel (14.8 vs 14.4cm), wing (20.3 vs 20.2cm), shank (8.4 vs 7.9cm), drum stick (13.1vs 12.4cm), thigh (9.9 vs 9.6cm), toes and claws, wattle (3.0 vs 2.6cm), jhelmet (3.7 vs 3.2cm), beak (2.7 vs 2.5cm) and larger body girth (30.3 vs 29.4cm) than the guinea hens. About 21.14 and 24.16% of the neck of the males and females respectively were devoid of feathers. Colour of the naked portion of the neck was bluish-black and bear long hair like filoplumes on the dorsalregion. The colour of the beak was light brown in all the birds. All the Black and White birds had light brown shanks while 28.9 and 37.5% of the Ash and Pearl birds, respectively had partly brown and partly grey shank. 62.5 and 28.6% of the Pearl and Ash birds respectively, had brown shanks while 42.6% of the Ash birds had grey shank. The colour of the wattle was red in all the birds. The great variation in the various parameters measured and weighed suggests that they can probably be used in selection and hence genetic improvement of the local helmeted guinea fowl.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Elbroch, L. Mark, and Anna Kusler. "Are pumas subordinate carnivores, and does it matter?" PeerJ 6 (January 24, 2018): e4293. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4293.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Interspecific competition affects species fitness, community assemblages and structure, and the geographic distributions of species. Established dominance hierarchies among species mitigate the need for fighting and contribute to the realized niche for subordinate species. This is especially important for apex predators, many of which simultaneous contend with the costs of competition with more dominant species and the costs associated with human hunting and lethal management. Methods Pumas are a widespread solitary felid heavily regulated through hunting to reduce conflicts with livestock and people. Across their range, pumas overlap with six apex predators (gray wolf, grizzly bear, American black bear, jaguar, coyote, maned wolf), two of which (gray wolf, grizzly bear) are currently expanding in North America following recovery efforts. We conducted a literature search to assess whether pumas were subordinate or dominant with sympatric apex predators, as well as with three felid mesocarnivores with similar ecology (ocelot, bobcat, Canada lynx). We also conducted an analysis of the spatial distributions of pumas and their dominant sympatric competitors to estimate in what part of their range, pumas are dominant versus subordinate. Results We used 64 sources to assess dominance among pumas and other apex predators, and 13 sources to assess their relationships with felid mesocarnivores. Evidence suggested that wolves, grizzly bears, black bears, and jaguars are dominant over pumas, but that pumas are dominant over coyotes and maned wolves. Evidence suggested that pumas are also dominant over all three felid mesocarnivores with which they share range. More broadly, pumas are subordinate to at least one other apex carnivore in 10,799,252 (47.5%) of their 22,735,268 km2 range across North and South America. Discussion Subordinate pumas change their habitat use, suffer displacement at food sources, likely experience increased energetic demands from harassment, exhibit increased starvation, and are sometimes directly killed in competitive interactions with dominant competitors. Nevertheless, we lack research clearly linking the costs of competition to puma fitness. Further, we lack research that assesses the influence of human effects simultaneous with the negative effects of competition with other sympatric carnivores. Until the time that we understand whether competitive effects are additive with human management, or even potentially synergistic, we encourage caution among managers responsible for determining harvest limits for pumas and other subordinate, apex carnivores in areas where they are sympatric with dominant species. This may be especially important information for managers working in regions where wolves and brown bears are recolonizing and recovering, and historic competition scenarios among multiple apex predators are being realized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Snitynskyy, V., N. Kachmar, O. Mazurak, and Y. Zhylishchych. "Ecological analysis of faunal complexes western region of Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 74 (March 3, 2017): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7423.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper present result of research on the ecological analysis of faunal complexes of the Western region of Ukraine. The animal world of this region is distinct from the other zones. The variety of the landscape determines the variety of the animal world. Ukrainian Carpathians are one of the last area in continental Europe to support viable populations of large carnivores. Established that the endemic to the Western region of Ukraine are carpathian squirrel, carpathian newt, spotted salamander, golden eagle. The most rare animals are: bison, brown bear, lynx, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, common muskrat, european gopher, forest cat. The Brown bear population in the Ukrainian Carpathian reach approximately 150–200 individuals. The lynx population is officially estimated to be about 350–400 individuals. In Ukraine there are about 300 species of bison. Only 33 nimals left in Ukrainian Skolivsky Beskydy. We can also find noble deer, roe, wolf, moose, hare, squirrel, wild cats and pigs, hamster, field mouse and so on. Some fur animals (nutria, mink, silvery-black fox, muskrat, stone marten, badger) were brought in from afar, and they acclimatized themselves well to the environment. The diverse habitats in the Carpathians support a wide variety of bird species, using the region for nesting, migrating and wintering. Overall, more than 300 species are found in the Zakarpattia. Bird life includes golden eagles and black wood peckers, carrion eagle, black griffons, white-tailed eagle, sparrow, titmouse, owls, gulls, partridge. The golden eagle nests in all the major mountains of Europe, in the Ukrainian Carpathians – 10–15 pairs. The rivers and lakes are home to ducks, geese, storks, swans and cranes. Rivers, lakes and manmade reservoirs of the Western region of Ukraine are inhabited with perch, bream, zander, pike, crucian carp, sazan, carp, sturgeon, trout. Among reptiles, one can come upon vipers, grass-snakes, and lizards. The spotted salamander and three types of tritons are entered in the Red Book. It was found that the most Red species are in Zakarpattia (168) and the least – in Rivne (85 species). The main factors of influence on the biodiversity of the Western region of Ukrain are identified. It is shown that poaching, anthropogenic and recreational activities have the most influence on faunal complex studied region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Teng, Shuqing N., Chi Xu, Licheng Teng, and Jens-Christian Svenning. "Long-term effects of cultural filtering on megafauna species distributions across China." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909896116.

Full text

Abstract:

Human activities currently play a dominant role in shaping and eroding Earth’s biodiversity, but the historical dynamics leading to this situation are poorly understood and contentious. Importantly, these dynamics are often studied and discussed without an emphasis on cultural evolution, despite its potential importance for past and present biodiversity dynamics. Here, we investigate whether cultural filtering, defined as the impact of cultural evolution on species presence, has driven the range dynamics of five historically widespread megafauna taxa (Asiatic elephant, rhinoceroses, tiger, Asiatic black bear, and brown bear) across China over the past 2 millennia. Data on megafauna and sociocultural history were compiled from Chinese administrative records. While faunal dynamics in China are often linked to climate change at these time scales, our results reveal cultural filtering as the dominant driver of range contractions in all five taxa. This finding suggests that the millennia-long spread of agricultural land and agricultural intensification, often accompanied by expansion of the Han culture, has been responsible for the extirpation of these megafauna species from much of China. Our results suggest that cultural filtering is important for understanding society’s role in the assembly of contemporary communities from historical regional species pools. Our study provides direct evidence that cultural evolution since ancient times has overshadowed climate change in shaping broadscale megafauna biodiversity patterns, reflecting the strong and increasing importance of sociocultural processes in the biosphere.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Sidorchuk, Natalia V., Michail V. Maslov, and Vyacheslav V. Rozhnov. "Role of badger setts in life of other carnivores." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2015.13.1.04.

Full text

Abstract:

A study of interspecific interactions of European (Meles meles) and Asian (M. leucurus) badgers with other carnivores at badger setts was carried out in Darwin Reserve (European part of Russia) and in Ussuriisk Reserve (Russian Far East) in 2006-2011. We used camera traps for the registration of visits of carnivore mammals to the badger setts. Overall, 11 species were recorded. In both reserves, badger setts attract carnivore species during the whole year. Some predators visit badger setts regularly. The visitors can be divided into two groups: species searching shelter, or searching prey. The first group includes raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides and red fox Vulpes vulpes. Raccoon dog was the most frequent visitor in both study areas (34 visits in Darwin reserve and 73 in Ussuriisk reserve). The second group includes lynx Lynx lynx and wolf Canis lupus in Darwin reserve and Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus, brown bear U. arctos, yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula aterrima and lynx Lynx lynx in Ussuriisk reserve. Smaller predators are also included into the second group because they can find prey at badger setts too: leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura, sable Martes zibellina and Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica in Ussuriisk reserve and European pine marten Martes martes in Darwin reserve. No cases of aggressive interactions between the badgers and the visitors were recorded. But we noted two cases of change of sett owners and one case when raccoon dog removed dead badger cubs from the sett.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Costabile, Francesca, Stefania Gilardoni, Francesca Barnaba, Antonio Di Ianni, Luca Di Liberto, Davide Dionisi, Maurizio Manigrasso, et al. "Characteristics of brown carbon in the urban Po Valley atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-313-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We investigate optical–microphysical–chemical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in the urban ambient atmosphere of the Po Valley. In situ ground measurements of aerosol spectral optical properties, PM1 chemical composition (HR-ToF-AMS), and particle size distributions were carried out in Bologna. BrC was identified through its wavelength dependence of light absorption at visible wavelengths, as indicated by the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE). We found that BrC occurs in particles with a narrow monomodal size distribution peaking in the droplet mode, enriched in ammonium nitrate and poor in black carbon (BC), with a strong dependance on OA-to-BC ratios, and SSA530 of 0.98 ± 0.01. We demonstrate that specific complex refractive index values (k530 = 0.017 ± 0.001) are necessary in addition to a proper particle size range to match the large AAEs measured for this BrC (AAE467 − 660 = 3.2 ± 0.9 with values up to 5.3). In terms of consistency of these findings with literature, this study i. provides experimental evidence of the size distribution of BrC associated with the formation of secondary aerosol;ii. shows that in the lower troposphere AAE increases with increasing OA-to-BC ratios rather than with increasing OA – contributing to sky radiometer retrieval techniques (e.g., AERONET);iii. extends the dependence of AAE on BC-to-OA ratios previously observed in chamber experiments to ambient aerosol dominated by wood-burning emissions. These findings are expected to bear important implications for atmospheric modeling studies and remote sensing observations as regards the parametrization and identification of BrC in the atmosphere.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Poland, Tim. "Bear-Black." Appalachian Heritage 34, no. 4 (2006): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2006.0128.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

O’Dell, C. L. "Black Bear." Ploughshares 39, no. 4 (2013): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2013.0094.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Foran, Charles. "Black Bear." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 41, no. 1 (May 2008): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905760801979988.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Jubenville, Alan. "INTO BROWN BEAR COUNTRY." Northwestern Naturalist 87, no. 3 (2006): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733(2006)87[253:ibbc]2.0.co;2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

van Eijk, Jan P. "Salish Words for ‘Black Bear’ and ‘Grizzly Bear’." Anthropological Linguistics 59, no. 3 (2017): 322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anl.2017.0011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Vonk, Jennifer, and Stephanie E. Jett. "“Bear-ly” learning: Limits of abstraction in black bear cognition." Animal Behavior and Cognition 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.05.01.06.2018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Picton, Harold D., and Katherine C. Kendall. "Chromatographic (TLC) Differentiation of Grizzly Bear and Black Bear Scats." Bears: Their Biology and Management 9 (1994): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872737.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Danilov, Puotr I. "The Brown Bear of Northwest Russia." Bears: Their Biology and Management 9 (1994): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872702.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Elgmork, Kåre, and Even Tjørve. "Brown bear Ursus arctos scavenging patterns." Wildlife Biology 1, no. 1 (January 1995): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1995.0029.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Pilāts, Valdis, and Jânis Ozoliņš. "Status of Brown Bear in Latvia." Acta Zoologica Lituanica 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13921657.2003.10512545.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Vougiouklakis, Theodore. "Fatal Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Attack." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 27, no. 3 (September 2006): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000220930.00053.43.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Caamaño, José N., Aida Rodriguez, Marta Muñoz, Celia De Frutos, Carmen Diez, and Enrique Gómez. "Cryopreservation of Brown Bear Skin Biopsies." Cell Preservation Technology 6, no. 1 (March 2008): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpt.2007.0518.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink, Julia. "How hunting affects brown bear populations." Science 359, no. 6373 (January 18, 2018): 286.1–287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.359.6373.286-a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Pharris, Larry D., and Joseph D. Clark. "Arkansas Black Bear Hunter Survey." Bears: Their Biology and Management 7 (1987): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872647.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Hazumi, Toshihiro. "Status of Japanese Black Bear." Bears: Their Biology and Management 9 (1994): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872694.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Cronin, M. A., M. M. McDonough, H. M. Huynh, and R. J. Baker. "Genetic relationships of North American bears (Ursus) inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA sequences." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 9 (September 2013): 626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0078.

Full text

Abstract:

The three species of bears in North America, polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774), brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758), and black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780), have differentiated morphologies and nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. An exception is a paraphyletic mitochondrial DNA relationship and some nuclear gene lineages common to polar bears and a population of brown bears from islands in southeast Alaska. In this study, we quantified the genetic relationships of extant brown bears and black bears from Alaska and Montana, and polar bears from Alaska, with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and mtDNA cytochrome-b sequences. Bayesian cluster analyses of the AFLP data show each species is distinct. All brown bears, including those from the islands in southeast Alaska, cluster separately from polar bears, and black bears cluster separately from brown bears and polar bears. The mtDNA of polar bears and southeast Alaska island brown bears is paraphyletic as reported previously, but the species have different haplotypes. These data indicate that extant populations of brown bears and polar bears have separate nuclear and mitochondrial gene pools and are supported as species under the genetic species concept.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ali, Usman, Naeem Iftikhar, Nuzhat Shafi, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad, Muhammad Siddique Awan, Riaz Aziz Minhas, and Liaqat Ali Khan. "Population Status and Distribution of Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) in Musk Deer National Park Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 61, no. 3 (December 24, 2018): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.61.3.2018.158.164.

Full text

Abstract:

The Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) is considered as .Endangered. in Pakistan. However, a small population of this species still exists in northern Pakistan including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). A study was conducted to determine population status and distribution of Himalayan brown bear in Musk Deer National Park (MDNP), from April 2011 to September 2012. MDNP, covering an area of 528.16 km2, is situated in the extreme north of AJ&K (upper Neelum Valley) about 155 km away from Muzaffarabad. Study area was divided into three zones (Phulawai, Sardari and Loser) and searched for brown bear signs and evidences. A total of 17 transect surveys were carried out to collect the data on current population status and distribution of Himalayan brown bear in the study area. In addition, questionnaires based surveys were carried out in the area to gather maximum information about this species. Based on direct and indirect signs collected, a total population of about 12 individuals with a population density of 0.42 bear/km2 was estimated in the MDNP with maximum (0.45 bear/km2) in Loser and minimum (0.37 bear/km2) in Phulawai zone. Altitudinal preference was recorded highest (0.46 bear/km2) at the elevation level of >3000 m asl. For the proper management and conservation of Himalayan brown bear, more comprehensive study should be carried out throughout its potential habitat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

DREHER, BRIAN P., SCOTT R. WINTERSTEIN, KIM T. SCRIBNER, PAUL M. LUKACS, DWAYNE R. ETTER, GUILHERME J. M. ROSA, VERONICA A. LOPEZ, SCOT LIBANTS, and KRISTI B. FILCEK. "Noninvasive Estimation of Black Bear Abundance Incorporating Genotyping Errors and Harvested Bear." Journal of Wildlife Management 71, no. 8 (November 2007): 2684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-398.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Wilton, Clay M., Jerrold L. Belant, and Jeff Beringer. "Distribution of American black bear occurrences and human–bear incidents in Missouri." Ursus 25, no. 1 (May 2014): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-13-00017.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Yoon, Byung Il, Jung Keun Lee, Jin Hyun Kim, Nam Shik Shin, Soo Wahn Kwon, Gi Hwan Lee, and Dae Yong Kim. "Lymphosarcoma in a brown bear (Ursus arctos)." Journal of Veterinary Science 2, no. 2 (2001): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2001.2.2.143.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ali Nawaz, Muhammad. "Status of the brown bear in Pakistan." Ursus 18, no. 1 (April 2007): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[89:sotbbi]2.0.co;2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Karamanlidis, Alexandros A., Stavri Pllaha, Lambros Krambokoukis, Kristaq Shore, and Andreas Zedrosser. "Preliminary brown bear survey in southeastern Albania." Ursus 25, no. 1 (May 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-13-00009.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Jerina, Klemen, Marko Debeljak, Sašo Džeroski, Andrej Kobler, and Miha Adamič. "Modeling the brown bear population in Slovenia." Ecological Modelling 170, no. 2-3 (December 2003): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(03)00245-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Elgmork, Kare. "The Cryptic Brown Bear Populations of Norway." Bears: Their Biology and Management 7 (1987): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872601.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Stevenson, Deborah. "Big Brown Bear Goes to Town (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, no. 11 (2006): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2006.0524.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pusz, Wojciech, Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska, and Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica. "Culturable Fungi in Brown Bear Cave Dens." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 27, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/75172.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!