Journal articles: 'Brown algae'

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Liu, Chenlin, and Xiuliang Wang. "Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase genes in Antarctic endemic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis (Ascoseirales, Phaeophyceae): data mining of a de novo transcriptome." Botanica Marina 63, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0025.

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AbstractThe Antarctic endemic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis is physically and physiologically well adapted to the extreme polar environment. To better understand the molecular strategies associated with stress adaptation, the transcriptome of A. mirabilis was sequenced, and its antioxidant enzyme genes were identified and compared with other algae. A total of 126,576 unigenes with a mean length of 734 bp and N50 of 1174 bp was assembled from the transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that dramatic evolutionary changes had occurred in the brown algal superoxide dismutases (SODs) and class I peroxidases that were not consistent with the phylogeny of the species. Fe/Mn SODs are more prevalent in brown algae than in red and green algae. Two additional Fe-SODs in A. mirabilis were phylogenetically closely related to those of green algae, but not to those in other brown algae. We also identified three A. mirabilis ascorbate peroxidase (APx) genes that had a different origin from other brown algal APxs. The SOD and APx genes specifically identified in A. mirabilis will be crucial for understanding the evolution of the algal antioxidant enzymes that contribute to ecological success under extreme environmental conditions in the Antarctic region.

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Rasha Hamdy, Rasha Hamdy. "Diversity and Distribution of Polychaetes Associated with Macroalgae along the Alexandria Coast, Egypt." journal of king abdulaziz university marine science 28, no. 2 (February 4, 2018): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/mar.28-2.5.

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The relationship between benthic macroalgae and associated polychaetes was studied monthly from October 2014 to October 2015 along the Alexandria coast, Egypt. A total of 56 polychaete species were found among 28 macroalgal species, which belonging to green, brown and red algae. The red algae hosted pronouncedly higher number of polychaete species than the brown and green algae, particularly during winter and spring, while green algae were associated with higher number of polychaete species in January, April, August and October 2015. In contrast, the average count of polychaete individuals associated with the green algae was higher in winter and autumn than that recorded with the red algae, while low with both red and green algae in spring and summer, and very poor within the brown algae. The present study revealed that the structure of algal species my affect the diversity and abundance of the associated polychaetes and the diversity of these worms varied among the hosting algal species.

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Cock, J. Mark, Akira F. Peters, and Susana M. Coelho. "Brown algae." Current Biology 21, no. 15 (August 2011): R573—R575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.006.

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Mori, J. F., T. R. Neu, S. Lu, M. Händel, K. U. Totsche, and K. Küsel. "Iron encrustations on filamentous algae colonized by Gallionella-related bacteria in a metal-polluted freshwater stream." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2015): 7705–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-7705-2015.

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Abstract. Filamentous macroscopic algae were observed in slightly acidic to circumneutral (pH 5.9~6.5) metal-rich stream water that leaked out in a former uranium-mining district (Ronneburg, Germany). These algae differ in color and morphology and were encrusted with Fe-deposits. To elucidate the potential interaction with Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), we collected algal samples at three time points during summer 2013 and studied the algae-bacteria-mineral compositions via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and a 16S and 18S rRNA gene based bacterial and algae community analysis. Surprisingly, sequencing analysis of 18S rRNA gene regions of green and brown algae revealed high homologies with the yellow-green freshwater algae Tribonema (99.9~100%). CLSM imaging indicates a loss of active chloroplasts in the algae cells, which may be responsible for the change in color in Tribonema. Fe(III)-precipitates on algal cells identified as ferrihydrite and schwertmannite were associated with microbes and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-like glycoconjugates. While the green algae were fully encrusted with Fe-precipitates, the brown algae often exhibited discontinuous series of precipitates. This pattern was likely due to the intercalary growth of algal filaments which allowed them to avoid fatal encrustation. 16S rRNA gene targeted studies based on DNA and RNA revealed that Gallionella-related FeOB dominated the bacterial RNA and DNA communities (70–97 and 63–96%, respectively) suggesting their contribution to Fe(II) oxidation. Quantitative PCR revealed higher Gallionella-related 16S rRNA gene copy numbers on the surface of green algae compared to the brown algae. The latter harbored a higher microbial diversity, including some putative predators of algae. Lower photosynthetic activities of the brown algae lead to reduced EPS production which may have enabled predator colonization. The differences observed between green and brown algae suggest that metal-tolerant Tribonema sp. provide suitable microenvironments for microaerophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria. However, high levels of iron orchres can be fatal to the alga.

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Mišurcová, L., S. Kráčmar, B. Klejdus, and J. Vacek. "Nitrogen content, dietary fiber, and digestibility in algal food products." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 1 (February 18, 2010): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2009-cjfs.

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The basic nutritional aspects and parameters of freshwater and marine algal food products are described. Blue-green algae (Spirulina pacifica, S. platensis), green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), red algae (Palmaria palmata, Porphyra tenera), and brown algae (Eisenia bicyclis, Hizikia fusiformis, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida) were used for this purpose. The ash content, total nitrogen, dietary fibers, and in vitro digestibility of the above-mentioned algal species were studied. The ash contents amounted to 8–11% (for freshwater) and 9–33% (for marine) of the weights of the algal samples. The total nitrogen contents were analysed using a modified Winkler’s method; in the process, higher nitrogen contents were observed in freshwater algae than in marine ones. For the analysis of dietary fiber contents, the instrument Ankom220 Fibre Analyser was used. The marine brown algae species were generally assigned higher contents of dietary fiber than the freshwater algal products. The results of the dietary fiber analysis differed with the methodologies used. Pepsin, pancreatin, and a combination of both were applied for the study of in vitro digestibility. Generally, brown algae showed the worst digestibility in comparison with other algal food products.

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Remya, R. R., Antony V. Samrot, S. Suresh Kumar, V. Mohanavel, Alagar Karthick, V. Kumar Chinnaiyan, Dhamodharan Umapathy, and M. Muhibbullah. "Bioactive Potential of Brown Algae." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (May 6, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9104835.

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Marine-derived natural products are rich source of secondary metabolites with huge potentials including novel therapeutic agents. Marine algae are considered to be a good source of secondary metabolites with versatile bioactivities. During the last few decades, researches related to natural products obtained from brown algae have remarkably escalated as they contain active compounds with varied biologically activities like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiparasitic properties. The main bioactive components such as phlorotannin, fucoxanthin, alginic acid, fucoidan, and laminarin have been briefly discussed here, together with their composition and biological activities. In this review, the biological function of extracts and the metabolites of brown algae as well as their pharmacological impacts with the description of the possible mechanism of their action are described and discussed. Also, this study is expected to examine the multifunctional properties of brown algae that facilitate natural algal products, including the ability to integrate these functional properties in a variety of applications.

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Li, Jun, Chao Cai, Chendong Yang, Jianghua Li, Tiantian Sun, and Guangli Yu. "Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 11 (August 6, 2019): 1290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190618143952.

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Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structural and biological features of brown algal polysaccharides, including alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins, and it highlights recently developed approaches used to obtain the oligo- and polysaccharides with defined structures. Functional modification of these polysaccharides promotes their advanced applications in biomedical materials for controlled release and targeted drug delivery, etc. Moreover, brown algal polysaccharides and their derivatives possess numerous biological activities with anticancer, anticoagulant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. In addition, we also discuss carbohydrate- based substrates from brown algae, which are currently in clinical and preclinical studies, as well as the marine drugs that are already on the market. The present review summarizes the recent development in carbohydratebased products from brown algae, with promising findings that could rapidly facilitate the future discovery of novel marine drugs.

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Hultgren, Kristin M., and Hannah Mittelstaedt. "Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.739.

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Abstract Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea (Idotea) wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats (the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthalia floccosa) matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size: smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation experiments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits: brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats survived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that background matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods.

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Pangestuti, Ratih, and Singgih Wibowo. "Prospects and Health Promoting Effects of Brown Algal-derived Natural Pigments." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i1.26.

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Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate novel bioactive compounds from marine resources. Among marine resources, marine brown algae are considered valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds such as chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll has been known for its antioxidant activity; meanwhile carotenoid is well known for its anticancer and anti-obesity properties. Therefore, marine brown algal-derived natural pigments have great potential for further development of valuable products in nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical areas. This contribution presents an overview of potential health benefits properties, and prospects of natural pigments derived from marine brown algae. Keywords: Marine algae, natural pigments, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical.

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Luthringer, R., A. Cormier, S. Ahmed, A. F. Peters, J. M. Cock, and S. M. Coelho. "Sexual dimorphism in the brown algae." Perspectives in Phycology 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/2198-011x/2014/0002.

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Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina, Daniel L. Falkoski, Ad Wiebenga, Klaas Timmermans, and Ronald P. de Vries. "Macroalgae Derived Fungi Have High Abilities to Degrade Algal Polymers." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010052.

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Marine fungi associated with macroalgae are an ecologically important group that have a strong potential for industrial applications. In this study, twenty-two marine fungi isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus sp. were examined for their abilities to produce algal and plant biomass degrading enzymes. Growth of these isolates on brown and green algal biomass revealed a good growth, but no preference for any specific algae. Based on the analysis of enzymatic activities, macroalgae derived fungi were able to produce algae specific and (hemi-)cellulose degrading enzymes both on algal and plant biomass. However, the production of algae specific activities was lower than the production of cellulases and xylanases. These data revealed the presence of different enzymatic approaches for the degradation of algal biomass by macroalgae derived fungi. In addition, the results of the present study indicate our poor understanding of the enzymes involved in algal biomass degradation and the mechanisms of algal carbon source utilization by marine derived fungi.

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Eich, Andreas, Amanda K. Ford, Maggy M. Nugues, Ryan S. McAndrews, Christian Wild, and Sebastian C. A. Ferse. "Positive association between epiphytes and competitiveness of the brown algal genus Lobophora against corals." PeerJ 7 (February 8, 2019): e6380. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6380.

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Observations of coral–algal competition can provide valuable information about the state of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we report contact rates and apparent competition states for six shallow lagoonal reefs in Fiji. A total of 81.4% of examined coral perimeters were found to be in contact with algae, with turf algae (54.7%) and macroalgae of the genus Lobophora (16.8%) representing the most frequently observed contacts. Turf algae competitiveness was low, with 21.8% of coral–turf contacts being won by the algae (i.e. overgrowth or bleaching of coral tissue). In contrast, Lobophora competitiveness against corals was high, with 62.5% of contacts being won by the alga. The presence of epiphytic algae on Lobophora was associated with significantly greater algal competitiveness against corals, with 75.8% and 21.1% of interactions recorded as algal wins in the presence and absence of epiphytes, respectively. Sedimentation rate, herbivorous fish biomass, and coral colony size did not have a significant effect on Lobophora–coral interactions. This research indicates a novel and important role of epiphytes in driving the outcome of coral–algal contacts.

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Haugan, Jarle André, and Synn∅ve Liaaen-Jensen. "Algal carotenoids 54. Carotenoids of brown algae (Phaeophyceae)." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, no. 1 (January 1994): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(94)90112-0.

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Боголицын (Bogolitsyn), Константин (Konstantin) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich), Анна (Аnna) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) Дружинина (Druzhinina), Денис (Denis) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) Овчинников (Ovchinnikov), Платон (Platon) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Каплицин (Kaplitsin), Елена (Elena) Валерьевна (Valer'evna) Шульгина (Shulgina), and Анастасия (Аnastasiya) Эдуардовна (Eduardovna) Паршина (Parshina). "POLYPHENOLS OF BROWN ALGAE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018031898.

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The modern state of research of marine brown algae polyphenolic compounds – phlorotannins, is analyzed. The data on the content of phlorotannins in biomass are presented depending on the species of algae and the place of growth. The biosynthesis, morphology, accumulation in the thallus, the physicochemical properties and biological role of these compounds are considered. The classical methods of isolating phlorotannins from algae are described, as well as modern methods, such as ultrasonic, microwave, enzymatic extraction, liquid extraction under pressure and supercritical fluid extraction. The ways of selective extraction of these compounds from extracts by methods of liquid-phase and solid-phase extraction are considered. Methods for studying the polymer composition of phlorotannins like gel permeation chromatography and ultrafiltration are presented. In the review of methods for quantitative determination and structural analysis of phlorotannins, special attention is paid to methods of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry using various ionization methods. The significant biological activity of phlorotannins is shown, which is represented by antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and other activities, which determines the prospects for the practical application of these polyphenolic compounds as therapeutic and prophylactic agents in the food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries.

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Terauchi, Makoto, Chikako Nagasato, and Taizo Motomura. "Plasmodesmata of brown algae." Journal of Plant Research 128, no. 1 (December 17, 2014): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-014-0677-4.

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Kamenarska, Zotnitsa, Stefka Dimitrova-Konaklieva, Ljubomirov Stefanov, and Simonov Popov. "A comparative study on the sterol composition of some brown algae from the Black Sea." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 4-5 (2003): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0305269k.

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The sterol composition of the brown algae Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh, Punctaria latifolia Grev. and Punctaria plantaginea (Roth) Grev. from the Black Sea was investigated. Fifteen sterols were identified in the sterol fractions. The main ones were cholesterol and 24-methylenecholesterol. Characteristic for brown algae, fucosterol was present in low concentrations. The results obtained were compared with recent data for the sterol composition of other Black Sea brown algae. Some conclusions concerning the evolutionary position of brown algae are made.

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Alghazeer, Rabia, Hesham El Fatah, Salah Azwai, Sana Elghmasi, Maammar Sidati, Ali El Fituri, Ezdehar Althaluti, et al. "Nutritional and Nonnutritional Content of Underexploited Edible Seaweeds." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (October 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8422414.

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Macroalgae are a valuable source of highly bioactive primary and secondary metabolites that may have useful bioapplications. To investigate the nutritional and nonnutritional contents of underexploited edible seaweeds, proximate composition, including protein, fat, ash, vitamins A, C, and E, and niacin, as well as important phytochemicals, including polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, saponins, and coumarins, were screened from algal species using spectrophotometric methods. Ash content ranged from 3.15–25.23% for green seaweeds, 5–29.78% for brown algae, and 7–31.15% for red algae. Crude protein content ranged between 5 and 9.8% in Chlorophyta, 5 and 7.4% in Rhodophyta, and between 4.6 and 6.2% in Phaeophyceae. Crude carbohydrate contents ranged from 20 to 42% for the collected seaweeds, where green algae had the highest content (22.5–42%), followed by brown algae (21–29.5%) and red algae (20–29%). Lipid content was found to be low in all the studied taxa at approximately 1–6%, except for Caulerpa prolifera (Chlorophyta), which had a noticeable higher lipid content at 12.41%. These results indicated that Phaeophyceae were enriched with a high phytochemical content, followed by that of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. The studied algal species contained a high amount of carbohydrate and protein, indicating that they could be considered as a healthy food source.

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Li, Yanping, Yuting Zheng, Ye Zhang, Yuanyuan Yang, Peiyao Wang, Balázs Imre, Ann C. Y. Wong, Yves S. Y. Hsieh, and Damao Wang. "Brown Algae Carbohydrates: Structures, Pharmaceutical Properties, and Research Challenges." Marine Drugs 19, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19110620.

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Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) have been consumed by humans for hundreds of years. Current studies have shown that brown algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds with excellent nutritional value, and are considered functional foods with health benefits. Polysaccharides are the main constituents of brown algae; their diverse structures allow many unique physical and chemical properties that help to moderate a wide range of biological activities, including immunomodulation, antibacterial, antioxidant, prebiotic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities. In this review, we focus on the major polysaccharide components in brown algae: the alginate, laminarin, and fucoidan. We explore how their structure leads to their health benefits, and their application prospects in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Finally, we summarize the latest developments in applied research on brown algae polysaccharides.

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Ulfa, Syarifah Widya, Hanifa Mawaddah, Isnaini Rahma Lubis, Muhammad Fazil Mawla, and Qoyum Amalia. "Identifikasi Produk Bahan Obat yang Berbahan Dasar Alga (Mikro Alga atau Makroalga) Pada Pasar Tradisional/Modern yang ada di Kota Medan." El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (August 19, 2023): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v4i2.4300.

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Algae have the potential as a very useful resource for humans. Some types of algae have been known to have antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties that can help in the treatment of diseases. This research was conducted in traditional markets and modern markets in Medan City, especially on Jl. Jamin Ginting, North Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of algae-based medicinal products (microalgae or macroalgae) available in traditional/modern markets in Medan city. The sampling method used in this study was the cruise method with purposive sampling technique. The results showed 3 types of medicines in traditional and modern markets in Medan City that are made from algae, namely Ever E 250 (Seaweed Capsules), Algae Calcium (Red Algae) and Brown Seaweed (Brown Algae). Some of the health benefits of red algae include maintaining thyroid function, lowering cholesterol and as a healthy diet menu. The benefits of brown algae include algin or alginate acid from brown algae used in ice cream formation, pill formation, ointments, tooth cleaners, and lotions. Meanwhile, green algae contain carotenoids, phycocyanin, plant sterols, and linoletat which can help maintain heart health. Keywords: Algae, medicinal ingredients, traditional market

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Generalić Mekinić, Ivana, Vida Šimat, Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod, Imen Hamed, and Martina Čagalj. "Algal Carotenoids: Chemistry, Sources, and Application." Foods 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 2768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142768.

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Recently, the isolation and identification of various biologically active secondary metabolites from algae have been of scientific interest, with particular attention paid to carotenoids, widely distributed in various photosynthetic organisms, including algal species. Carotenoids are among the most important natural pigments, with many health-promoting effects. Since the number of scientific studies on the presence and profile of carotenoids in algae has increased exponentially along with the interest in their potential commercial applications, this review aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge (from 2015) on carotenoids detected in different algal species (12 microalgae, 21 green algae, 26 brown algae, and 43 red algae) to facilitate the comparison of the results of different studies. In addition to the presence, content, and identification of total and individual carotenoids in various algae, the method of their extraction and the main extraction parameters were also highlighted.

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Coelho, Susana M., and J. Mark Cock. "Brown Algal Model Organisms." Annual Review of Genetics 54, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-030620-093031.

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Model organisms are extensively used in research as accessible and convenient systems for studying a particular area or question in biology. Traditionally, only a limited number of organisms have been studied in detail, but modern genomic tools are enabling researchers to extend beyond the set of classical model organisms to include novel species from less-studied phylogenetic groups. This review focuses on model species for an important group of multicellular organisms, the brown algae. The development of genetic and genomic tools for the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus has led to it emerging as a general model system for this group, but additional models, such as Fucus or Dictyota dichotoma, remain of interest for specific biological questions. In addition, Saccharina japonica has emerged as a model system to directly address applied questions related to algal aquaculture. We discuss the past, present, and future of brown algal model organisms in relation to the opportunities and challenges in brown algal research.

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Bourdareau, Simon, Olivier Godfroy, Josselin Gueno, Delphine Scornet, Susana M. Coelho, Leila Tirichine, and J. Mark Cock. "An Efficient Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Protocol for the Analysis of Histone Modification Distributions in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus." Methods and Protocols 5, no. 3 (April 25, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps5030036.

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The brown algae are an important but understudied group of multicellular marine organisms. A number of genetic and genomic tools have been developed for the model brown alga Ectocarpus; this includes, most recently, chromatin immunoprecipitation methodology, which allows genome-wide detection and analysis of histone post-translational modifications. Post-translational modifications of histone molecules have been shown to play an important role in gene regulation in organisms from other major eukaryotic lineages, and this methodology will therefore be a very useful tool to investigate genome function in the brown algae. This article provides a detailed, step-by-step description of the Ectocarpus ChIP protocol, which effectively addresses the difficult problem of efficiently extracting chromatin from cells protected by a highly resistant cell wall. The protocol described here will be an essential tool for the future application of chromatin analysis methodologies in brown algal research.

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Bourdareau, Simon, Olivier Godfroy, Josselin Gueno, Delphine Scornet, Susana M. Coelho, Leila Tirichine, and J. Mark Cock. "An Efficient Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Protocol for the Analysis of Histone Modification Distributions in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus." Methods and Protocols 5, no. 3 (April 25, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps5030036.

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The brown algae are an important but understudied group of multicellular marine organisms. A number of genetic and genomic tools have been developed for the model brown alga Ectocarpus; this includes, most recently, chromatin immunoprecipitation methodology, which allows genome-wide detection and analysis of histone post-translational modifications. Post-translational modifications of histone molecules have been shown to play an important role in gene regulation in organisms from other major eukaryotic lineages, and this methodology will therefore be a very useful tool to investigate genome function in the brown algae. This article provides a detailed, step-by-step description of the Ectocarpus ChIP protocol, which effectively addresses the difficult problem of efficiently extracting chromatin from cells protected by a highly resistant cell wall. The protocol described here will be an essential tool for the future application of chromatin analysis methodologies in brown algal research.

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Nikhil Chakravarthi, K., and S. Madhu. "Compression strength analysis of glass fibre polymer composites filled with brown algae powder compared to glass fibre reinforced polymer composite." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2484, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2484/1/012006.

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Abstract The current investigation intends to compare the compression strength analysis of glass fiber composites filled with brown algae filler. The material involved in this work is a glass fibre composite filled with and without brown algae filler. 40 specimens were tested by using selected parameters using the universal testing machine. In this work, the control group was a glass fiber epoxy composite and the experimental group was a brown algae-filled glass fiber-reinforced polymer. The mean compressive strength obtained for the brown algae-filled glass fibre reinforced polymer is, whereas it is for the Glass fibre reinforced polymer with the significant value is 0.018 (p<0.05). Within the scope of this investigation, experimental data reveals that strength in compression is high when the glass fiber-reinforced composite is filled with brown algae powder.

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García-Salgado, Sara, Georg Raber, Reingard Raml, Christoph Magnes, and Kevin A. Francesconi. "Arsenosugar phospholipids and arsenic hydrocarbons in two species of brown macroalgae." Environmental Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en11164.

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Environmental contextAlthough organoarsenic compounds occur in marine organisms at high concentrations, the origin and role of these compounds is unknown. Arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids) are newly discovered compounds in fish. We identify a range of arsenolipids in algae and propose that algae are the origin of these unusual arsenic compounds in marine ecosystems. AbstractFourteen arsenolipids, including 11 new compounds, were identified and quantified in two species of brown algae, Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) and Hijiki (Hizikia fusiformis), by high resolution mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Both algal species contained arsenosugar-phospholipids as the major type of arsenolipid, and arsenic-hydrocarbons were also significant components, particularly in Hijiki. The origin of the various arsenolipids, and the possible significance of their relative quantities, is briefly discussed.

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Al Monla, Reem, Zeina Dassouki, Nouha Sari-Chmayssem, Hiba Mawlawi, and Hala Gali-Muhtasib. "Fucoidan and Alginate from the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa and Their Combination with Vitamin C Trigger Apoptosis in Colon Cancer." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020358.

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Brown seaweeds are producers of bioactive molecules which are known to inhibit oncogenic growth. Here, we investigated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of two polysaccharides from the brown algae Colpomenia sinuosa, namely fucoidan and alginate, in a panel of cancer cell lines and evaluated their effects when combined with vitamin C. Fucoidan and alginate were isolated from brown algae and characterized by HPLC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that highly sulfated fucoidans had higher antioxidant and cytotoxic effects than alginate. Human colon cancer cells were the most sensitive to the algal treatments, with fucoidan having an IC50 value (618.9 µg/mL−1) lower than that of alginate (690 µg/mL−1). The production of reactive oxygen species was increased upon treatment of HCT-116 cells with fucoidan and alginate, which suggest that these compounds may trigger cell death via oxidative damage. The combination of fucoidan with vitamin C showed enhanced effects compared to treatment with fucoidan alone, as evidenced by the significant inhibitory effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cell viability. The combination of the algal polysaccharides with vitamin C caused enhanced degeneration in the nuclei of cells, as evidenced by DAPI staining and increased the subG1 population, suggesting the induction of cell death. Together, these results suggest that fucoidan and alginate from the brown algae C. sinuosa are promising anticancer compounds, particularly when used in combination with vitamin C.

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Zhang, Meng-ya, Jie Guo, Xian-min Hu, Shu-qi Zhao, Shu-lan Li, and Jun Wang. "An in vivo anti-tumor effect of eckol from marine brown algae by improving the immune response." Food & Function 10, no. 7 (2019): 4361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fo00865a.

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Lewis, Raymond J. "Chromosomes of the brown algae." Phycologia 35, no. 1 (January 1996): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-35-1-19.1.

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de Mesquita, Michelle Marchezan F., Mirian A. C. Crapez, Valéria L. Teixeira, and Diana N. Cavalcanti. "Potential interactions bacteria-brown algae." Journal of Applied Phycology 31, no. 2 (July 21, 2018): 867–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1573-4.

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André, Rebeca, Rita Pacheco, Mafalda Bourbon, and Maria Luísa Serralheiro. "Brown Algae Potential as a Functional Food against Hypercholesterolemia: Review." Foods 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020234.

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Brown algae have been part of the human diet for hundreds of years, however, in recent years, commercial and scientific interest in brown algae has increased due to the growing demand for healthier diet by the world population. Brown algae and its metabolites, such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, and proteins, have been associated with multiple beneficial health effects for different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, one of the main causes of death in Europe. Since high blood cholesterol levels are one of the major cardiovascular risks, this review intends to provide an overview of current knowledge about the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of different brown algae species and/or their isolated compounds.

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S. Abdurrohman, Muhamat Muhtar, Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih, and Yulistinawati Yulistinawati. "The effect of brown algae (Sargassum sp.) gel on the number of osteoclasts in periodontitis rats." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 34, no. 3 (December 3, 2022): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol34no3.39285.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis is caused by increased activation of osteoclasts, causing an imbalance of bone remodeling. Periodontitis treatment can be done mechanically with Scaling and Root Planing and accompanied by metronidazole. Antibiotics have long-term drawbacks and can cause allergies, thus requiring an alternative to natural topical drugs such as brown algae gel. This study aimed to to analyzed the effect of brown algae gel (sargassum sp) on the number of osteoclasts of alveolar bone in periodontitis rats. Methods: The research method was a True Experimental with a pretest-posttest-only control group design. Rats were divided into three groups; negative control (K-) was not given any treatment, positive control (K+) was given metronidazole ties plus 25% concentration, and the treatment group (KP) was given brown algae gel (Sargassum sp) 75% concentration. Data were analyzed by Friedman and Kruskal Wallis test. Results:There was a significant difference in the number of osteoclasts on days 8, 10, and 12, the decrease in the number of osteoclasts was higher in the brown algae treatment group than the negative control group (p=0.051). In the positive control group, there was a significant difference in the decrease of the number of osteoclasts compared to the brown algae treatment group (p=0.029). The number of osteoclasts was significantly different on day 12 (p=0.026).Conclusion: Adhering brown algae (Sargassum sp.) gel decreases osteoclasts in periodontitis rats.Keywords: bone remodeling; bone resorption; brown algae gel (sargassum sp.); osteoclasts; periodontitis.

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Suryandari, Retno. "Checklist of Macroalgae at Krakal and Drini Beach, Gunungkidul." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.266.

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Macroalgae are multicellular plants that do not produce seeds or flowers. All macroalgae are multicellular and do not have a specialized body structure and do not have reproductive mechanism like terrestrial plants. Macroalgae is divided into 3 groups namely Chlorophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae), and Phaeophyceae (brown algae). Green algae and red algae belong to the Plantae kingdom with green algae (Chlorophyta) and included in the Subkingdom Viridiplantae and red algae (Rhodophyta) into the Biliphyta subkingdom. Brown algae (Phaeophyta) belong to the Chromista kingdom. Based on the research, macroalgae found in Drini and Krakal Gunungkidul are green algae, red algae and brown algae. Green algae found and identified are Anadyomene plicata C. Agardh, Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kṻtzing, Chaetomorpha linum (O.F. Mṻller) Kṻtzing, Boergesenia forbesii (Hardvey) Feldmann, Cladophoropsis herpestica (Montagne) M. Howe, Boodlea composita (Harvey) F. Brand, Caulerpa peltata J.V. Lamoroux, Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus. Red algae species found and successfully identified are Acrocystis nana Zanardini, Acanthophora spicifera (M. Vahl) Børgesen, Laurencia papilosa (C. Agardh) Greville, Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskål) Børgesen, Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamoroux, Amphiora anceps (Lamark) Decaisne, Gelidiela acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann & Hamel, Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder, Gelidiopsis intricata (C.Agardh) Vickers. Brown algae species found and identified are Lobophora variegata (J.V.Lamouroux) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira, Padina minor Yamada, Sargassum crassifolium J. Agardh, Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh. The species that classified as a new record in Indonesia are Cladophoropsis herpestica (Montagne) M. Howe and Gracilaria spinulosa (Okamura) Chang & B.M.Xia.

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Michell, Catherine, Marc Lahaye, Christian Bonnet, Serge Mabeau1, and Jean-Luc Barry. "In vitrofermentation by human faecal bacteria of total and purified dietary fibres from brown seaweeds." British Journal of Nutrition 75, no. 2 (February 1996): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjn19960129.

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AbstractThe in vitro degradation of dietary fibre from three brown seaweeds (Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria digitata and Undaria pinnatiJda) was studied, using human faecal flora. Two sets of fibre were tested: (1) total algal fibres extracted from the whole algae, mainly composed of alginates, and (2) purified fibres (sulphated fucans, Na-alginates and laminarans) representative of those contained in the whole brown algae. Mannuronate, one algal component, was also investigated. Substrate disappearance and short- chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were monitored after 6, 12 and 24 h fermentation. Gas production was followed hourly during the first 9 h and then at 12 and 24 h. Sugarbeet fibre was used as a fermentation reference substrate. According to the fermentative indices used, most of each of the total algal fibres disappeared after 24 h (range 60–76 %) hut, unlike the reference substrate, they were not completely metabolized to SCFA (range 47–62 %). Among the purified algal fibres, disappearance of laminarans was approximately 90% and metabolism to SCFA was approximately 85% in close agreement with the fermentation pattern of reference fibres. Sulphated fucans were not degraded. Na- alginates exhibited a fermentation pattern quite similar to those of the whole algal fibres with a more pronounced discrepancy between disappearance and production of SCFA: disappearance was approximately 83 % but metabolism was only approximately 57 YO. Mannuronate was slowly fermented hut its metabolism corresponded to its disappearance from the fermentative medium. Thus, the characteristic fermentation pattern of the total fibres from the three brown algae investigated was attributed to the peculiar fermentation of alginates, and mannuronate was shown not to be directly involved.

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Gachon, Claire M. M., Martina Strittmatter, Dieter G. Müller, Julia Kleinteich, and Frithjof C. Küpper. "Detection of Differential Host Susceptibility to the Marine Oomycete Pathogen Eurychasma dicksonii by Real-Time PCR: Not All Algae Are Equal." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 2 (November 14, 2008): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01885-08.

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ABSTRACT In the marine environment, a growing body of evidence points to parasites as key players in the control of population dynamics and overall ecosystem structure. However, their prevalence and impact on marine macroalgal communities remain virtually unknown. Indeed, infectious diseases of seaweeds are largely underdocumented, partly because of the expertise required to diagnose them with a microscope. Over the last few years, however, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) has emerged as a rapid and reliable alternative to visual symptom scoring for monitoring pathogens. Thus, we present here a qPCR assay suitable for the detection and quantification of the intracellular oomycete pathogen Eurychasma dicksonii in its ectocarpalean and laminarialean brown algal hosts. qPCR and microscopic observations made of laboratory-controlled cultures revealed that clonal brown algal strains exhibit different levels of resistance against Eurychasma, ranging from high susceptibility to complete absence of symptoms. This observation strongly argues for the existence of a genetic determinism for disease resistance in brown algae, which would have broad implications for the dynamics and genetic structure of natural populations. We also used qPCR for the rapid detection of Eurychasma in filamentous brown algae collected in Northern Europe and South America and found that the assay is specific, robust, and widely applicable to field samples. Hence, this study opens the perspective of combining large-scale disease monitoring in the field with laboratory-controlled experiments on the genome model seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus to improve our understanding of brown algal diseases.

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Zaporozhets, Ekaterina Y., Ekaterina V. Fomenko, Albert H. H. Nugmanov, Lina Yu Lagutkina, Igor Yu Aleksanyan, and Victoria N. Savinova. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Static Moisture Sorption Patterns by Ectocarpus Based on Its Hygroscopic Characteristics." Food Industry 8, no. 3 (September 22, 2023): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2023-8-3-12.

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The most popular biopolymers in the food industry are polysaccharides, including sodium alginate (food additive E401) used as a thickener in the jelly, sauces and fillings production, as well as a moisture-retaining ingredient in bread, bakery products, etc.; and brown algae of marine nature (kelp and fucus) serve as its unique industrial source in modern conditions. Brown algae of the Caspian basin including Ectocarpus are rich of alginate. The research aim is to determine the hygroscopic parameters during moisture sorption by ectocarpus, and conduct their thermodynamic analysis to specify the energy consumption during drying and to identify its rational modes. The scientific analysis object was ectocarpus in native, dry and crushed form. The thesis exemplifies the empirical data on humidity and sorption isotherms for algal raw materials, equilibrium curves constructed in semi-logarithmic coordinates; studies the macrostructural layer tissue organization of brown algae raw materials recovered in an aqueous medium; determines the stages on sorption isotherms and the graphical dependence r = f (Wр). As a research result, a man determined the hygroscopic parameters of algal raw materials during moisture sorption, run a thermodynamic analysis of the obtained sorption isotherms to identify energy costs at various stages of drying, and revealed its rational modes, in which the final result of the drying operation is the production of a material with high biological value and the best parameters for its preservation.

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Pasanda, Octovianus S. R., and Abdul Azis. "THE EXTRACTION OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum sp) THROUGH CALCIUM PATH TO PRODUCE SODIUM ALGINATE." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 7, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11412.

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Brown algae is a source of sodium alginat raw material. One type of brown algae that is found to grow in Indonesian waters is Sargassum echinocarphum. Brown algae including one type of seaweed that grows in many waters of Indonesia, especially the waters of Eastern Indonesia. Alginat is a pure polysaccharide of uronic acid contained in a brown algae cell wall arranged in the form of long linear chain alginic acids with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight. The alginat form in general is sodium alginat, a water soluble alginat salt. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alginat include alginat rendamen, water content, ash content, and viscosity. Conventional extraction methods from brown algae into sodium alginat produces the highest yield percentage of 32.42%, resulting from the extraction for 7 hours at 60 C. The lowest average yield percentage resulted in 5 hours extraction process of 2.78%, the average water content of 20.37 - 23.30%, the mean ash content of 22.28 - 34.87%, and the viscosity ranged between 18, 0 - 19.8 Cp.

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Ramkumar, Ashwini, and Sridar Jayavel. "Isolation of Fatty Acid Constituents from Ulva Fasciata and its Anticancer Activity on HeLa Cells." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v10i2.4999.

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Macroalgae are found as a great source of biologically active compounds important in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, 8 algal samples namely Ulvafasciata (Green algae), Padinagymnosphora, Sargassamwightii, and Turbinariaornate (brown algae), Gracilariacorticata, Halimedamacrolopa, Halymeniadilatata, and Gracilariacrassa (red algae) were collected and identified its fatty acid compositions. U. fasciatawhich showed high fatty acid constituents was further analysed for its anticancer activity against Hela cells by MTT assay and AO/EtBr staining. The results confirmed that U. fasciata could inhibit the Hela cells by cytotoxic activity and by inducing apoptosis and thus could be used as apontential source in treating cancers.

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Georgii, Ana Débora Nunes Pinheiro, and Valéria Laneuville Teixeira. "Dictyota and Canistrocarpus Brazilian Brown Algae and Their Bioactive Diterpenes—A Review." Marine Drugs 21, no. 9 (September 4, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21090484.

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Dictyotaceae algae have gained recognition as prolific producers of diterpenes, which are molecules with significant biotechnological potential. These diterpenes hold immense promise as potential active drug components, making the algae a compelling area of study. The present review aims to present the latest advancements in understanding the biopotential of Brazilian Dictyota and Canistrocarpus brown algae, shedding light on the remarkable diversity and the biological and pharmacological potential of the secondary metabolites they produce. A total of 78 articles featuring 26 distinct diterpenes are reported in this review, with their antiviral potential being the mosthighlighted biological activity. Despite considerable research on these algae and their diterpenes, significant knowledge gaps persist. Consequently, the present review is poised to serve as a pivotal resource for researchers who are actively engaged in the pursuit of active diterpenes beyond the immediate purview. Furthermore, it holds the potential to catalyze an increase in research endeavors centered around these algal species within the geographical confines of the Brazilian coastline. Also, it assumes a critical role in directing future scientific explorations toward a better comprehension of these compounds and their ecological implications.

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Kapetanovic, Radomir, Dusan Sladic, Simeon Popov, Mario Zlatovic, Zoran Kljajic, and Miroslav Gasic. "Sterol composition of the Adriatic sea algae Ulva lactuca, Codium dichotomum, Cystoseira adriatica and Fucus virsoides." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 12 (2005): 1395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0512395k.

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The sterol composition of two green algae and two brown algae from the South Adriatic was determined. In the green alga Ulva lactuca, the principal sterols were cholesterol and isofucosterol. In the brown alga Cystoseira adriatica, the main sterols were cholesterol and stigmast-5-en-3?-ol, while the characteristic sterol of the brown algae, fucosterol, was found only in low concentration. The sterol fractions of the green alga Codium dichotomum and the brown alga Fucus virsoides contained practically only one sterol each, comprising more than 90 % of the total sterols (clerosterol in the former and fucosterol in the latter).

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Lokollo, Frijona F., and Ronald D. Hukubun. "JENIS ALGA COKLAT PENGHASIL ALGINAT DI PULAU AMBON." Jurnal Laut Pulau: Hasil Penelitian Kelautan 1, no. 1 (June 5, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jlpvol1iss1pp1-10.

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Brown algae contains alginate is a hydrocolloid compound. This study aims to determine the types of brown algae as alginate producers in the coastal waters of Ambon island, Tial and Liang villages, Central Maluku. This research was conducted in April 2021. Sampling is carried out by means of free collection at low tide, at the time of sampling it is visually observed the condition of the substrate on which brown algae. Liang village beach as a whole has a variety of substrates of rocky, rocky sand, sand mixed with dead coral. However, in the sampling area, it was found that the dominant substrate was rocky sand substrate, and dead coral. Tial village beach has four types of substrates, namely rocky substrates in area A directly adjacent to the coast and have a substrate area of 2,250 m2 (15%), coral fault substrates and rocky in area B are in the littoral zone have a substrate area of 3,000 m2 (20%), sand substrates and coral faults in area C are in the littoral zone have a substrate area of 5,250 m2 (35%) coral substrates in area D are directly adjacent to the subtidal area and have a substrate area of 4,500 m2 (30%). All four substrates are in the intertidal zone. The substrates that cover the observation area a lot are sand substrates and coral faults. The results of the identification of brown algae species on the shores of Liang and Tial villages found four species classified in one division, one class, two families, and three genera. The diversity of brown algae species in the coastal waters of Tial there are three types of brown algae, Sargassum duplicatum, Turbinaria ornata, and Padina minor and on Liang beach there are two species of brown algae, Sargassum polycyctum and Padina minor. The four types of brown algae found have the potential to be a source of alginate

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Mori, J. F., T. R. Neu, S. Lu, M. Händel, K. U. Totsche, and K. Küsel. "Iron encrustations on filamentous algae colonized by Gallionella-related bacteria in a metal-polluted freshwater stream." Biogeosciences 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2015): 5277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5277-2015.

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Abstract. Filamentous macroscopic algae were observed in slightly acidic to circumneutral (pH 5.9–6.5), metal-rich stream water that leaked out from a former uranium mining district (Ronneburg, Germany). These algae differed in color and morphology and were encrusted with Fe-deposits. To elucidate their potential interaction with Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), we collected algal samples at three time points during summer 2013 and studied the algae-bacteria-mineral compositions via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and a 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based bacterial and algae community analysis. Surprisingly, sequencing analysis of 18S rRNA gene regions of green and brown algae revealed high homologies with the freshwater algae Tribonema (99.9–100 %). CLSM imaging indicated a loss of active chloroplasts in the algae cells, which may be responsible for the change in color in

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MARTINS, NUNO T., CARLOS FREDERICO D. GURGEL, TRACEY M. SPOKES, and VALÉRIA CASSANO. "First record of Mikrosyphar zosterae (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the southern hemisphere and as an endophyte in the brown algal genera Leathesia and Colpomenia." Phytotaxa 497, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.4.

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Several filamentous endophytic genera are assigned to the Phaeophyceae, in particular to the family Chordariaceae (Cormaci et al. 2012). Brown endophytic filamentous algae are known to cause infections in host marine algae (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Acting as pathogens, they may cause morphological, physiological and ecological changes in the host alga such as production of galls and wart-like spots, changes in metabolism and growth rates, and changes in survivorship and reproduction (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Among brown algal filamentous endophytes, the genus Mikrosyphar Kuckuck is relatively understudied. To date, only Mikrosyphar zosterae Kuckuck (1895: 177) was studied thoroughly (Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017).

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Fahmy, Nouran M., Mariam I. Gamal El-Din, Maha M. Salem, Sarah H. Rashedy, Gyu Sung Lee, Yoon Seo Jang, Ki Hyun Kim, Chung Sub Kim, Mohamed El-Shazly, and Shaimaa Fayez. "Enhanced Expression of p53 and Suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR by Three Red Sea Algal Extracts: Insights on Their Composition by LC-MS-Based Metabolic Profiling and Molecular Networking." Marine Drugs 21, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21070404.

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Brown algae comprise up to 2000 species with wide dissemination in temperate zones. A comprehensive untargeted metabolic profiling guided by molecular networking of three uninvestigated Red-Sea-derived brown algae, namely Sirophysalis trinodis, Polycladia myrica, and Turbinaria triquetra, led to the identification of over 115 metabolites categorized as glycerolipids, fatty acids, sterol lipids, sphingolipids, and phospholipids. The three algae exhibited low-to-moderate antioxidant capacity using DPPH and ABTS assays. Preliminary in vitro antiproliferative studies showed that the algal extracts displayed high cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. The most potent activity was recorded against MCF-7 with IC50 values of 51.37 ± 1.19, 63.44 ± 1.13, and 59.70 ± 1.22 µg/mL for S. trinodis, P. myrica, and T. triquetra, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the algae was selective to MCF-7 without showing notable effects on the proliferation of normal human WISH cells. Morphological studies revealed that the algae caused cell shrinkage, increased cellular debris, triggered detachment, cell rounding, and cytoplasmic condensation in MCF-7 cancer cells. Mechanistic investigations using flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western blot showed that the algae induced apoptosis, initiated cell cycle arrest in the sub-G0/G1 phase, and inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells via increasing mRNA and protein expression of p53, while reducing the expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR.

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Ulfah, Syarifah Widya, Hanifa Mawaddah, Isnaini Rahma Lubis, Muhammad Fazil Mawla Lubis, and Qoyum Amalia. "Identifikasi Produk Bahan Obat Berbahan Dasar Alga (Mikro Alga atau Makroalga) pada Pasar Tradisional/Modern di Kota Medan." El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (January 12, 2024): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v4i2.894.

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Algae has the potential to be a very useful resource for humans. Some types of algae are known to have antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties that can help in treating diseases. This research was conducted in traditional and modern markets in the city of Medan, especially in Jl. Jamin Ginting, North Sumatra. The aim of this research is to identify the types of medicinal products made from algae (microalgae or macroalgae) available in traditional/modern markets in the city of Medan. The sampling method used was cruise methods with Purposive Sampling Technique. The results of the research show three types of medicinal products in traditional and modern markets in the city of Medan that are made from algae, namely Ever E 250 (Seaweed Capsules), Algae Calcium (Red Algae), and Brown Seaweed. Some health benefits of red algae include maintaining thyroid function, lowering cholesterol, and being a healthy diet option. The benefits of brown algae include algin or alginate acid from brown algae used in making ice cream, pills, ointments, toothpaste, and lotion. Meanwhile, green algae contains carotenoids, phycocyanin, plant sterols, and linoleic acid that can help maintain heart health.

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Asmawati, Asmawati, Rafikah Hasyim, Andi IA Lianingsih, and Dwi F. Ariani. "The difference of anti-inflammatory effect of brown algae extract panida sp. and sargassum sp that is derived from Punaga beach, South Sulawesi." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v1i2.8.

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Seaweed is one of resourceful plants in Indonesia. Some researchers suggested that brown seaweed has a potential to be an anti-inflammatory agent because it contains polysaccharide sulfate, PUFA, and fuchosantin. Punaga Village that is located in South Sulawesi is an area where most people work as seaweed farmer and cultivation of seaweed. This is why researcher found it interest to use natural sources as an alternative of herbal medicine especially as an anti-inflammatory. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference of anti-inflammatory effect of brown algae extract Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. that is derived from Punaga Beach, South Sulawesi toward mice. Twenty male mice were used as sample in this study weighing 14-35 g and divided into four groups. Thirty minutes after injection of test material, 0.5 ml pepton 1% is injected into mice leg. The assessment of mice leg use plethysmometer that is taken on the first hour until fourth hour after injection of pepton 1%. Data analysis use T-test to find out the difference of anti-inflamatory effect of brown algae extract Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. The result of this study showed that brown algae extract Padina sp has p<0.05 and brown algae extract Sargassum sp. has p< 0.05 which means that there are anti-inflammatory effect found in both test materials. It is found that brown algae extract Padina sp.has longer anti inflammatory effect half time than in brown algae extract Sargassum sp.

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Karpenko, Larisa, Alesya Bakhta, Olga Babich, Stanislav Sukhikh, and Ilya Nikonov. "Brown algae from White Sea are the perspective sources of biologically active substances for poultry." Poultry and Chicken Products 26, no. 1 (2024): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30975/2073-4999-2024-26-1-14-16.

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Brown algae of Fucus and Ascophylum genera may be sources of biologically active substances for poultry. Content of water soluble vitamins and essential amino acids has been determined in brown algae samples during research.

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Dorrell, Richard G., and Alison G. Smith. "Do Red and Green Make Brown?: Perspectives on Plastid Acquisitions within Chromalveolates." Eukaryotic Cell 10, no. 7 (May 27, 2011): 856–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00326-10.

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ABSTRACT The chromalveolate “supergroup” is of key interest in contemporary phycology, as it contains the overwhelming majority of extant algal species, including several phyla of key importance to oceanic net primary productivity such as diatoms, kelps, and dinoflagellates. There is also intense current interest in the exploitation of these algae for industrial purposes, such as biodiesel production. However, the evolution of the constituent species, and in particular the origin and radiation of the chloroplast genomes, remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss current theories of the origins of the extant red alga-derived chloroplast lineages in the chromalveolates and the potential ramifications of the recent discovery of large numbers of green algal genes in chromalveolate genomes. We consider that the best explanation for this is that chromalveolates historically possessed a cryptic green algal endosymbiont that was subsequently replaced by a red algal chloroplast. We consider how changing selective pressures acting on ancient chromalveolate lineages may have selectively favored the serial endosymbioses of green and red algae and whether a complex endosymbiotic history facilitated the rise of chromalveolates to their current position of ecological prominence.

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Titlyanov, Eduard A., Tamara V. Titlyanova, Mutsunori Tokeshi, and Xiubao Li. "Inventory and Historical Changes in the Marine Flora of Tomioka Peninsula (Amakusa Island), Japan." Diversity 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090158.

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Intensive algal sampling was conducted from 2012 to 2017 in the Tomioka Peninsula, Amakusa-Shimoshima Island (the East China Sea, Japan), yielding a total of 293 benthic macroalgal taxa, of which 63% were red algae, 16% were brown algae, and 19% were green algae. The majority (69%) of species were previously recorded only for the tropics and/or subtropics, whereas 31% of species were recorded for temperate latitudes. Among all species of algae found from 2012 to 2017 in the Tomioka Peninsula, 163 species (56%) were newly identified species for Amakusa-Shimoshima Island, including six taxa, which were recorded in Japan for the first time. Comparison of the current data from the Amakusa-Shimoshima Island with those of nearby tropical regions suggested that the recent marine flora of the Amakusa-Shimoshima Island was more closely affiliated with the flora of a warm-temperate region. Moreover, we found that the benthic flora of the Tomioka Peninsula was significantly changed between the 1950s (Segawa & Yoshida 1961) and 2012–2017. For example, the species diversity was increased by two times, mainly at the expense of red and green algae, and the biogeographic status of the benthic flora was changed from the flora of a cold-temperate region to the flora of a warm-temperate region, which could be attributed to an introduction of red algae from the tropics of South East Asia and widespread opportunistic green algae, as well as the disappearance of cold-water brown algae. Collectively, our data suggested that these changes were driven by the global warming effect on the ocean.

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Dutot, Mélody, Elodie Olivier, Sophie Fouyet, Romain Magny, Karim Hammad, Emmanuel Roulland, Patrice Rat, and Roxane Fagon. "In Vitro Chemopreventive Potential of Phlorotannins-Rich Extract from Brown Algae by Inhibition of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced P2X7 Activation and Toxic Effects." Marine Drugs 19, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19010034.

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Phlorotannins are polyphenols occurring exclusively in some species of brown algae, known for numerous biological activities, e.g., antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antiallergic properties. Their effects on the response of human lung cells to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has not been characterized. Our objective was to in vitro evaluate the effects of a phlorotannin-rich extract obtained from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on B[a]P cytotoxic effects. The A549 cell line was incubated with B[a]P for 48 and 72 h in the presence or absence of the brown algae extract. Cytochrome P450 activity, activation of P2X7 receptor, F-actin disorganization, and loss of E-cadherin expression were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Relative to control, incubation with the brown algae extract was associated with lower B[a]P-induced CYP1 activity, lower P2X7 receptor activation, and lower reactive oxygen species production. The brown algae extract inhibited the alterations of F-actin arrangement and the downregulation of E-cadherin expression. We identified a phlorotannins-rich extract that could be deeper investigated as a cancer chemopreventive agent to block B[a]P-mediated carcinogenesis.

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Generalić Mekinić, Ivana, Danijela Skroza, Vida Šimat, Imen Hamed, Martina Čagalj, and Zvjezdana Popović Perković. "Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification." Biomolecules 9, no. 6 (June 22, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9060244.

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Over the last few decades, isolations and chemical characterizations of secondary metabolites with proved biological activities have been of interest for numerous research groups across the world. Phenolics, as one of the largest and most widely distributed group of phytochemicals, have gained special attention due to their pharmacological activity and array of health-promoting benefits. Reports on phenolic potentials of marine algae, especially brown algae (Pheophyceae) that are characterized by the presence of phlorotannins, are still scarce. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge about phenolic potential of different brown algae species (74 species from 7 different orders). Studies on brown algae phenolics usually involve few species, thus the focus of this review is to provide information about the phenolic potential of reported algae species and to get an insight into some issues related to the applied extraction procedures and determination/quantification methods to facilitate the comparison of results from different studies. The information provided through this review should be useful for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the brown algae as a source of valuable phytochemicals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Brown algae'

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