Academic literature on the topic 'Brown algae Reproduction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Brown algae Reproduction"
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MARTINS, NUNO T., CARLOS FREDERICO D. GURGEL, TRACEY M. SPOKES, and VALÉRIA CASSANO. "First record of Mikrosyphar zosterae (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the southern hemisphere and as an endophyte in the brown algal genera Leathesia and Colpomenia." Phytotaxa 497, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.4.
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Several filamentous endophytic genera are assigned to the Phaeophyceae, in particular to the family Chordariaceae (Cormaci et al. 2012). Brown endophytic filamentous algae are known to cause infections in host marine algae (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Acting as pathogens, they may cause morphological, physiological and ecological changes in the host alga such as production of galls and wart-like spots, changes in metabolism and growth rates, and changes in survivorship and reproduction (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Among brown algal filamentous endophytes, the genus Mikrosyphar Kuckuck is relatively understudied. To date, only Mikrosyphar zosterae Kuckuck (1895: 177) was studied thoroughly (Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017).
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Umen, James, and Susana Coelho. "Algal Sex Determination and the Evolution of Anisogamy." Annual Review of Microbiology 73, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120011.
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Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotes whose taxonomic breadth covers a range of life histories, degrees of cellular and developmental complexity, and diverse patterns of sexual reproduction. These patterns include haploid- and diploid-phase sex determination, isogamous mating systems, and dimorphic sexes. Despite the ubiquity of sexual reproduction in algae, their mating-type-determination and sex-determination mechanisms have been investigated in only a limited number of representatives. These include volvocine green algae, where sexual cycles and sex-determining mechanisms have shed light on the transition from mating types to sexes, and brown algae, which are a model for UV sex chromosome evolution in the context of a complex haplodiplontic life cycle. Recent advances in genomics have aided progress in understanding sexual cycles in less-studied taxa including ulvophyte, charophyte, and prasinophyte green algae, as well as in diatoms.
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Kinoshita-Terauchi, Nana, Kogiku Shiba, Makoto Terauchi, Francisco Romero, Héctor Vincente Ramírez-Gómez, Manabu Yoshida, Taizo Motomura, Hiroshi Kawai, and Takuya Nishigaki. "High potassium seawater inhibits ascidian sperm chemotaxis, but does not affect the male gamete chemotaxis of a brown alga." Zygote 27, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199419000224.
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SummaryMale gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete is a general strategy to facilitate the sexual reproduction in many marine eukaryotes. Biochemical studies of chemoattractants for male gametes of brown algae have advanced in the 1970s and 1980s, but the molecular mechanism of male gamete responses to the attractants remains elusive. In sea urchin, a K+ channel called the tetraKCNG channel plays a fundamental role in sperm chemotaxis and inhibition of K+ efflux through this channel by high K+ seawater blocks almost all cell responses to the chemoattractant. This signalling mechanism could be conserved in marine invertebrates as tetraKCNG channels are conserved in the marine invertebrates that exhibit sperm chemotaxis. We confirmed that high K+ seawater also inhibited sperm chemotaxis in ascidian, Ciona intestinalis (robusta), in this study. Conversely, the male gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete of a brown alga, Mutimo cylindricus, was preserved even in high K+ seawater. This result indicates that none of the K+ channels is essential for male gamete chemotaxis in the brown alga, suggesting that the signalling mechanism for chemotaxis in this brown alga is quite different from that of marine invertebrates. Correlated to this result, we revealed that the channels previously proposed as homologues of tetraKCNG in brown algae have a distinct domain composition from that of the tetraKCNG. Namely, one of them possesses two repeats of the six transmembrane segments (diKCNG) instead of four. The structural analysis suggests that diKCNG is a cyclic nucleotide-modulated and/or voltage-gated K+ channel.
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Wu, Yukun, Pengyan Zhang, Zhourui Liang, Yanmin Yuan, Maohong Duan, Yi Liu, Di Zhang, and Fuli Liu. "Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Aureochrome Gene Family in Saccharina japonica and a Comparative Analysis with Six Other Algae." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162088.
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Aureochrome (AUREO) is a kind of blue light photoreceptor with both LOV and bZIP structural domains, identified only in Stramenopiles. It functions as a transcription factor that responds to blue light, playing diverse roles in the growth, development, and reproduction of Stramenopiles. Most of its functions are currently unknown, especially in the economically important alga S. japonica farmed on a large scale. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of AUREO gene families in seven algae, focusing on the AUREOs of S. japonica. AUREO genes were strictly identified from seven algal genomes. Then AUREO phylogenetic tree was constructed from 44 conserved AUREO genes collected. These AUREO genes were divided into five groups based on phylogenetic relationships. A total of 28 genes unnamed previously were named according to the phylogenetic tree. A large number of different cis-acting elements, especially bZIP transcription factors, were discovered upstream of AUREO genes in brown algae. Different intron/exon structural patterns were identified among all AUREOs. Transcriptomic data indicated that the expression of Sj AUREO varied significantly during the different development stages of S. japonica gametophytes. Periodic rhythms of light induction experiments indicate that Sj AUREO existed in a light-dependent circadian expression pattern, differing from other similar studies in the past. This may indicate that blue light affects gametophyte development through AUREO as a light signal receptor. This study systematically identified and analyzed the AUREO gene family in seven representative brown algae, which lay a good foundation for further study and understanding of AUERO functions in agal growth and development.
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Voskoboinikov, G. M., V. N. Маkarov, S. V. Malavenda, D. V. Pugovkin, I. V. Ryzhik, M. P. Klindukh, and D. O. Salakhov. "ADAPTATION, REGULATION OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION AND RATIONAL USE OF ALGAE-MACROPHYTES OF THE BARENTS SEA." Transaction of the Kola Science Centre 11, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 150–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.11.4.007.
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The results of algological researches of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute for the period from 2015 till 2019 are presented with the following achievements. Analysis of the expeditionary samples revealed 79 species of algae macrophyte, rarely found at the Murman coast, among them 10 species were Chlorophyta, 33 –Phaeophyceae, 36 –Rhodophyta. A significant increase of the occurrence (presence) of Ulva lactuca L.at the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea in 2009–2019 was noted, due to positive climatic anomalies caused by an increase of the influx of the Atlantic waters. It has been shown for the first time that the various morphological forms of the brown alga Fucus distichuslived on the littoral of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea are genetically homogeneous. The morphology of embryogenesis, early ontogenesis of F. distichusis described. It was determined that hydrostatic pressure (from 4 atm) negatively affects the development of spores of Alaria esculentaand Palmaria palmata, and can determine the lower boundary of algae growth. It was shown that a change in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system P. palmata: (catalase and superoxide dismutase) depending on the temperature of the environment) is one of the mechanisms of adaptation of algae to growth in the tidal zone and seasonal temperature fluctuations. There were revealed the negative effect of the red algae P. palmataon the growth of F. distichus, F. serratusand the positive effect of Fucus on the growth of P. palmata. A change in the seasonal concentration of 4 B vitamins was determined (riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and pyridoxine) of P. palmata. Isolated vitamins take part in spore formation and can act as antioxidants. An electron microscopic analysis of the “young” multicellular sporophytes of Saccharina latissimarevealed the presence in cells of a developed photosynthetic reticulum, and a high partial mass of mitochondria, energy structures that apparently provide an intensive process of cell division at this stage of ontogenesis. The participation of florotannins in the regeneration of thallus of Fucus algae was demonstrated. The data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of cultivated and uncultivated epiphytic bacteria of Fucus algae from clean and oil polluted areas of coastal waters of the Barents Sea have been obtained.For the first time, the evidence base presents that morphologically and systematically various macrophyte algae, differing in structure and systematic affiliation, possess in their ability to form a symbiotic association with hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, they show a pronounced ability to sorb and to destruct the oil products, which determines their significant role in bioremediation of coastal waters.
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Kong, Zwe-Ling, Sabri Sudirman, Yu-Chun Hsu, Chieh-Yu Su, and Hsiang-Ping Kuo. "Fucoxanthin-Rich Brown Algae Extract Improves Male Reproductive Function on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rat Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 4485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184485.
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Hypogonadism and oxidative stress are occurring commonly in men with diabetes and associated male infertility. This study aimed to investigate the capability of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of fucoxanthin as well as to evaluate its protective effects on male reproduction in diabetic rats. The RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were used to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide for a diabetes model and fed either with three different doses of fucoxanthin (13, 26, and 65 mg/kg) or rosiglitazone (0.571 mg/kg) for four weeks. The fucoxanthin significantly inhibited nitric oxide production and reduced reactive oxygen species level in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In the animal study, fucoxanthin administration improved insulin resistance, restored sperm motility, decreased abnormal sperm number, and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Moreover, it restored GPR54 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and recovered luteinizing hormone level, as well as the testosterone level. In conclusion, fucoxanthin not only possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but also decreased the diabetes signs and symptoms as well as improved spermatogenesis and male reproductive function.
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Barron, John A. "Diatoms." Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology 18 (1987): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0271164800001524.
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Diatoms are unicellular golden brown algae, that are characterized by an external box-like skeleton (or frustule) of opaline silica. Diatom frustules are commonly very intricate and varied, and the patterns and types of ornamentation of the frustule form the basis of nearly all diatom taxonomy. The size of diatom frustules ranges from less than one μm (micro-meter) to over 1000 μm, but most frustules occur in the 10–100 μm size range. Thus, diatoms are comparable in size to dinoflagellates but generally larger than calcareous nannofossils. Unlike calcareous nannoplankton and dinoflagellates, however, the vegetative cell of diatoms lacks flagella, although many diatoms produce flagellated gametes during their brief period of sexual reproduction. Consequently, planktonic diatoms are subject to passive current-related dispersal in the surface layers of the ocean. Adaptations that promote flotation include frustule shapes and processes which increase the ratio of surface area to volume, formation of colonies, and storage of fats or oils in the cell which reduce its overall specific gravity.
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MÜLLER, HANS-GEORG, and FRANZ KRAPP. "The pycnogonid fauna (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) of the Tayrona National Park and adjoining areas on the Caribbean coast of Colombia." Zootaxa 2319, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 1–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2319.1.1.
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A complete account on the shallow-water Pycnogonida known up to now from depths between 0-30 m in the Caribbean Sea of Colombia is presented. Almost all the information included herein is based upon the data obtained by the first author during a 14-month fieldwork programme carried out at the Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin (INVEMAR) in Santa Marta, Magdalena department. 5312 specimens of 50 species, including 7 species new to science in the genera Ammothella (2), Tanystylum (1), Callipallene (2), Anoplodactylus (1) and Endeis (1), were collected from 179 samples at 45 stations. The area covered by this research ranges in the west from Punta Brava, just near the airport of Santa Marta, eastward to Punta el Diamante at the eastern border of the Tayrona National Park, extending over about 70 km of coastline. Additionally, 6 other pycnogonid species reported previously from outside this area, which are also known from the Caribbean Sea of Colombia are briefly reviewed. The species from the Santa Marta area are described in detail, with comments on their intraspecific affinities, habitat preference, phenology, vertical distribution and geographic distribution. Quantitative samples were taken approximately monthly at three stations at Bahía Concha over one year to compare the species composition from substrata of different structure, namely stands of the brown algae Digenia simplex and Sargassum cymosum on a dead Porites reef, and a stand of Thalassia testudinum, which was interspersed with dead coral substratum and coralline algae. Number of species at all of these stations was found to be similar and species composition of the two species of brown algae almost identical. Achelia sawayai was by far the most numerous species in samples of Digenia simplex, whereas Tanystylum acuminatum and T. isabellae were most numerous in Sargassum cymosum. Species composition in Thalassia was rather different from that of the algal vegetation. In Thalassia, Ammothella appendiculata and A. exornata were the commonest species which were not found in Digenia and Sargassum. No evidence was found that reproduction of pycnogonids in this tropical area is limited to certain periods of the year. One might presume a shorter reproductive cycle only for Tanystylum acuminatum, because ovigerous males appeared at the end of the rainy season in December and remained until May, therefore for most of the duration of the dry season. Generally, number of species and specimens collected at all three quantitative sampling stations was rather variable from month to month, implying a heterogenous distribution within the substratum, which surely depend on the distribution of their food. Zoogeographic patterns are at present almost impossible to interpret, owing to the limited information available on the distribution of most species. However, it can be seen that the Santa Marta region has a very high number of shallow-water pycnogonid species, compared with the fauna of Panamá and Belize, where only 34 and 33 species have been recorded, respectively. However, the high number of species found in the Santa Marta area may be a result of the extensive collecting efforts made over a period of more than one year.
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Müller, D. G., and G. Gassmann. "Sexual Reproduction and the Role of Sperm Attractants in Monoecious Species of the Brown Algae Order Fucales (Fucus, Hesperophycus, Pelvetia, and Pelvetiopsis)." Journal of Plant Physiology 118, no. 5 (April 1985): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(85)80200-5.
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Honegger, Rosmarie, Dianne Edwards, Lindsey Axe, and Christine Strullu-Derrien. "Fertile Prototaxites taiti : a basal ascomycete with inoperculate, polysporous asci lacking croziers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1739 (December 18, 2017): 20170146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0146.
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The affinities of Prototaxites have been debated ever since its fossils, some attaining tree-trunk proportions, were discovered in Canadian Lower Devonian rocks in 1859. Putative assignations include conifers, red and brown algae, liverworts and fungi (some lichenised). Detailed anatomical investigation led to the reconstruction of the type species, P. logani , as a giant sporophore (basidioma) of an agaricomycete (= holobasidiomycete), but evidence for its reproduction remained elusive. Tissues associated with P. taiti in the Rhynie chert plus charcoalified fragments from southern Britain are investigated here to describe the reproductive characters and hence affinities of Prototaxites . Thin sections and peels (Pragian Rhynie chert, Aberdeenshire) were examined using light and confocal microscopy; Přídolí and Lochkovian charcoalified samples (Welsh Borderland) were liberated from the rock and examined with scanning electron microscopy. Prototaxites taiti possessed a superficial hymenium comprising an epihymenial layer, delicate septate paraphyses, inoperculate polysporic asci lacking croziers and a subhymenial layer composed predominantly of thin-walled hyphae and occasional larger hyphae. Prototaxites taiti combines features of extant Taphrinomycotina (Neolectomycetes lacking croziers) and Pezizomycotina (epihymenial layer secreted by paraphyses) but is not an ancestor of the latter. Brief consideration is given to its nutrition and potential position in the phylogeny of the Ascomycota. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brown algae Reproduction"
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Hales, J. M. "Studies on the introduced brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt with particular reference to reproduction." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372820.
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Montecinos, Alejandro. "Species delienation and hybridization in the brown seaweed Ectocarpus complex." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066328/document.
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Le genre Ectocarpus Lyngbye (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) regroupe des algues marines filamenteuses caractérisées par un cycle haploïde-diploïde. L'objectif de la thèse était de délimiter les espèces et d'étudier la spéciation dans ce genre. Nous avons commencé par clarifier le nombre d'espèces cryptiques en utilisant deux loci indépendants et une approche intégrative associant une analyse de détection de " barcode gap " avec des reconstructions phylogénétiques. Nos résultats montrent l'existence d'au moins 15 espèces qui se répartissent en un groupe monophylétique composé d'E. crouaniorum (Ecro) et de deux espèces proches ainsi que d'un mélange paraphylétique composé des 12 autres espèces incluant E. siliculosus (Esil). Deuxièmement, les analyses de séquençage Rad et de phylogénomique ont permis de résoudre les relations au sein du groupe paraphylétique. Les espèces se regroupent maintenant en deux clades divergents (Ecro and Esil). Des niveaux de divergence variables entre espèces sont révélés au sein du clade Esil. Des phénomènes d'hybridation entre les espèces les plus apparentées, et trouvées en sympatrie, sont suspectés. Finalement, l'importance de l'isolement reproducteur a été étudié entre les espèces Esil et Ecro, les plus communes, mais les plus divergentes, en utilisant des marqueurs spécifiques de chacune des espèces. Nos résultats indiquent que la méiose agit comme une forte barrière reproductive entre ces espèces et démontrent que les espèces du genre Ectocarpus sont d'excellents systèmes pour étudier les conséquences évolutives de l'hybridation et de l'introgression pour le maintien ou la divergence des espèces grâce à leur cycle haploïde-diploïdeThe genus Ectocarpus Lyngbye (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) comprises marine filamentous algae characterized by an alternation between two independent multicellular organisms of different ploidy. The general objective of the thesis was to study species delineation and speciation within this genus. We started clarifying the number of cryptic species using two unlinked loci (COI-5P and ITS1) and an integrative approach associating barcode gap detection analyses with phylogenetic reconstructions. We showed the presence of at least 15 species partitioned within a monophyletic group composed of E. crouaniorum (Ecro) and two closely related species and a paraphyletic assemblage composed of the remaining 12 other species including E. siliculosus (Esil). Second, Rad sequencing and phylogenomics analyses allowed to resolve the relationships within the paraphyletic assemblage. The different species becomes well separated into two divergent clades (Ecro and Esil). A diversity of taxa with various levels of divergence was revealed within the clade Esil and hybridization between the closest and sympatric species was suggested. Finally, the importance of reproductive isolation among the two commonest but most divergent species Esil and Ecro was studied using species-specific nuclear and cytoplasmic markers jointly with 9 microsatellites. We showed that meiosis acts as a strong reproductive barrier among these two species and demonstrates that the species of the genus Ectocarpus are excellent systems to study evolutionary consequences of hybridization and introgression for the maintenance or breakdown of species because of their haploid diploid life cycle
Books on the topic "Brown algae Reproduction"
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Hales, Jonathan Manson. Studies on the introduced brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt with particular reference to reproduction. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, School of Biological Sciences, 1986.
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Vijayaraghavan, M. R. Brown Algae ; Structure, Ultrastructure and Reproduction. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Brown algae Reproduction"
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Fu, Gang, Nana Kinoshita, Chikako Nagasato, and Taizo Motomura. "Fertilization of Brown Algae: Flagellar Function in Phototaxis and Chemotaxis." In Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants, 359–67. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54589-7_29.
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Green, J. R., C. J. Stafford, P. J. Wright, and J. A. Callow. "Organisation and functions of cell surface molecules on gametes of the brown algae Fucus." In Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Plant Reproduction, 203–14. Cambridge University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511752339.012.
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"Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea." In Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea, edited by Leif Norrgren, Patric Amcoff, Hans Börjeson, and Per-Olov Larsson. American Fisheries Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569087.ch2.
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<em>Abstract.—</em>Populations of Baltic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>and cod <em>Gadus morhua </em>are facing acute threats because of poor reproduction. The salmon is afflicted with high yolk sac fry mortality, and the incidence of cod larvae mortality is high. There are also indications that anadromous Baltic brown trout <em>Salmo trutta </em>populations are affected by reproductive disorders. These top predators have significant ecological, economic, and socioeconomic importance. Other species are also suffering from poor reproductive success and declining populations. Burbot <em>Lota lota </em>populations are locally affected by inadequate sexual maturation, resulting in a failure to spawn; gonad anomalies have also been described in roach <em>Rutilus rutilus</em>. High egg mortality has been recorded for whiting <em>Merlangius merlangus</em>, flounder <em>Platichtys flesus</em>, and herring <em>Clupea harengus</em>. Attempts have been made to discover the cause of reproductive disorders in Baltic fish species, but the available data suggest several possible causes, both abiotic and biotic. Species with pelagic eggs such as cod and flatfish are dependent on salinity and oxygen concentrations, factors that often limit the volume of reproduction in the Baltic Sea. A variety of biotic causes (i.e., infectious diseases, parasitism, and toxic algae) have been shown to affect species such as roach and herring. There are indications that nutritional factors (i.e., thiamine and astaxanthin) are involved in the cause of the yolk sac fry mortality syndrome affecting the Baltic salmon. Furthermore, anthropogenic activities causing both local point sources (i.e., metals and persistent organic pollutants) and long-range transport and deposition of acidic rain and pesticides must also be considered as potential threats to Baltic fish species.