Journal articles on the topic 'Brown algae Growth'
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Hultgren, Kristin M., and Hannah Mittelstaedt. "Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.739.
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Abstract Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea (Idotea) wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats (the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthalia floccosa) matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size: smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation experiments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits: brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats survived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that background matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods.
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Mori, J. F., T. R. Neu, S. Lu, M. Händel, K. U. Totsche, and K. Küsel. "Iron encrustations on filamentous algae colonized by <i>Gallionella</i>-related bacteria in a metal-polluted freshwater stream." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2015): 7705–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-7705-2015.
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Abstract. Filamentous macroscopic algae were observed in slightly acidic to circumneutral (pH 5.9~6.5) metal-rich stream water that leaked out in a former uranium-mining district (Ronneburg, Germany). These algae differ in color and morphology and were encrusted with Fe-deposits. To elucidate the potential interaction with Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), we collected algal samples at three time points during summer 2013 and studied the algae-bacteria-mineral compositions via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and a 16S and 18S rRNA gene based bacterial and algae community analysis. Surprisingly, sequencing analysis of 18S rRNA gene regions of green and brown algae revealed high homologies with the yellow-green freshwater algae Tribonema (99.9~100%). CLSM imaging indicates a loss of active chloroplasts in the algae cells, which may be responsible for the change in color in Tribonema. Fe(III)-precipitates on algal cells identified as ferrihydrite and schwertmannite were associated with microbes and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-like glycoconjugates. While the green algae were fully encrusted with Fe-precipitates, the brown algae often exhibited discontinuous series of precipitates. This pattern was likely due to the intercalary growth of algal filaments which allowed them to avoid fatal encrustation. 16S rRNA gene targeted studies based on DNA and RNA revealed that Gallionella-related FeOB dominated the bacterial RNA and DNA communities (70–97 and 63–96%, respectively) suggesting their contribution to Fe(II) oxidation. Quantitative PCR revealed higher Gallionella-related 16S rRNA gene copy numbers on the surface of green algae compared to the brown algae. The latter harbored a higher microbial diversity, including some putative predators of algae. Lower photosynthetic activities of the brown algae lead to reduced EPS production which may have enabled predator colonization. The differences observed between green and brown algae suggest that metal-tolerant Tribonema sp. provide suitable microenvironments for microaerophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria. However, high levels of iron orchres can be fatal to the alga.
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MARTINS, NUNO T., CARLOS FREDERICO D. GURGEL, TRACEY M. SPOKES, and VALÉRIA CASSANO. "First record of Mikrosyphar zosterae (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the southern hemisphere and as an endophyte in the brown algal genera Leathesia and Colpomenia." Phytotaxa 497, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.4.
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Several filamentous endophytic genera are assigned to the Phaeophyceae, in particular to the family Chordariaceae (Cormaci et al. 2012). Brown endophytic filamentous algae are known to cause infections in host marine algae (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Acting as pathogens, they may cause morphological, physiological and ecological changes in the host alga such as production of galls and wart-like spots, changes in metabolism and growth rates, and changes in survivorship and reproduction (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Among brown algal filamentous endophytes, the genus Mikrosyphar Kuckuck is relatively understudied. To date, only Mikrosyphar zosterae Kuckuck (1895: 177) was studied thoroughly (Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017).
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Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina, Daniel L. Falkoski, Ad Wiebenga, Klaas Timmermans, and Ronald P. de Vries. "Macroalgae Derived Fungi Have High Abilities to Degrade Algal Polymers." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010052.
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Marine fungi associated with macroalgae are an ecologically important group that have a strong potential for industrial applications. In this study, twenty-two marine fungi isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus sp. were examined for their abilities to produce algal and plant biomass degrading enzymes. Growth of these isolates on brown and green algal biomass revealed a good growth, but no preference for any specific algae. Based on the analysis of enzymatic activities, macroalgae derived fungi were able to produce algae specific and (hemi-)cellulose degrading enzymes both on algal and plant biomass. However, the production of algae specific activities was lower than the production of cellulases and xylanases. These data revealed the presence of different enzymatic approaches for the degradation of algal biomass by macroalgae derived fungi. In addition, the results of the present study indicate our poor understanding of the enzymes involved in algal biomass degradation and the mechanisms of algal carbon source utilization by marine derived fungi.
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Li, Jun, Chao Cai, Chendong Yang, Jianghua Li, Tiantian Sun, and Guangli Yu. "Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 11 (August 6, 2019): 1290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190618143952.
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Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structural and biological features of brown algal polysaccharides, including alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins, and it highlights recently developed approaches used to obtain the oligo- and polysaccharides with defined structures. Functional modification of these polysaccharides promotes their advanced applications in biomedical materials for controlled release and targeted drug delivery, etc. Moreover, brown algal polysaccharides and their derivatives possess numerous biological activities with anticancer, anticoagulant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. In addition, we also discuss carbohydrate- based substrates from brown algae, which are currently in clinical and preclinical studies, as well as the marine drugs that are already on the market. The present review summarizes the recent development in carbohydratebased products from brown algae, with promising findings that could rapidly facilitate the future discovery of novel marine drugs.
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El Semary, Nermin Adel, Howrah Mahdi, Abrar Alnoaim, Kawther Heji Alsofan, Sarah Ibrahim Almsthi, and Wed Saleh Albader. "Use of algae from an oasis in Saudi Arabia in production of biofuel and bio-fertilizer." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, no. 3 (October 28, 2018): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i3.38721.
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AlAhsa oasis in Saudi Arabia is one of the largest oases in the world. Algae, from this region have been under-explored in the past decades. A study was conducted with Chlorococcum strain to produce biofuel alongside the seaweed Hormophysa cuneiformis. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of fatty acid composition showed that the biodiesel obtained had limited number of unsaturated fatty acids as compared to the number of saturated fatty acids present, which indicates the stability of the produced biodiesel. Thereby the use of algal biomass for the production of biofuel is feasible. Moreover, the biomass may serve other different biotechnological applications. To further test this hypothesis, the aqueous extract of two different algae; one derived from the blue green alga (cyanobacterium) Phormidium sp. and the other from brown alga Hormophysa cuneiformis was used as liquid biofertiliser at concentrations of 50 and 10% of both algae. Sterilized Vigna seeds were soaked in the extracts for two days. Seeds were sown in sterilized soil and the germination percentage as well as shoot and root lengths were recorded for developing seedlings. The results showed that there was a significant increase in seed germination rate compared to control. Similarly, there was a significant increment in the length of root and root system compared to control with the 50% aqueous extract concentration being highest in growth parameters for brown alga followed by blue-green alga possibly due to the presence of growth stimulants in these extracts.
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Kemenangan, Franklin R., Gaspar D. Manu, and Fransine B. Manginsela. "Growth Of Brown Algae, Padina australis, In The Coastal waters of Serei Village, West Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 5, no. 2 (April 17, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.5.2.2017.17003.
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Marine algae is one resource that has important economic value because it has cagar, carrageen and alginate ontent (Indriani and Sumiarsih, 1999). In the world of science, the word algae comes from the Greek , algor which means cold (Nontji, 2002). Padina australis is a species of marine algae belong to Phaeophyta Division (brown algae) which is commonly found in marine waters, from shallow to deep waters. This algae has a wide transparent brown sheet or filament shape. This study was aimed to observe the growth of algae P. australis by using case study method where samples of Padina algae taken from nature were placed into basket as container for culturing. While the technique used is cultivation using basket; in order to determine the growth, algae was analyzed further by measuring the maximum weight of P. australis living without substrate. Some environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, depth and tides were recorded to see their impact on the growth of P. australis. Serei village is the location of the research on the growth of this P. australis. The result also records that P. australis can only live about three weeks and after that die. The growth of P. australis was greatest in the 8th container weighing 23 gr.Keywords: Growth, Padina australis, Desa Serei ABSTRAKAlga laut adalah salah satu sumberdaya yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting karena memiliki kandungan agar, karaginan dan alginat (Indriani dan Sumiarsih, 1999). Dalam dunia ilmu pengetahuan, alga berasal dari bahasa Yunani yaitu Algor yang berarti dingin (Nontji, 2002). Padina australis merupakan spesies alga laut dari Divisi Phaeophyta (alga cokelat) yang pada umumnya tersebar di perairan laut, mulai perairan laut dangkal hingga perairan dalam. Alga ini memiliki bentuk lembaran atau filamen yang lebar yang berwarna cokelat transparan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan alga Padina australis lewat metode studi kasus dimana sampel alga Padina yang diambil dari alam kemudian ditempatkan ke dalam keranjang sebagai wadah budidaya alga Padina australis. Sedangkan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik budidaya dengan menggunakan keranjang. Pertumbuhan dianalisis berdasrakan pertambahan berat malsimum P. australis yang hidup tanpa substrat. Beberapa factor lingkungan antara lain suhu, salinitas, kedalaman dan pasang surut diukur untuk melihat dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan P. australis. Desa Serei merupakan lokasi dilakukannya penelitian pertumbuhan alga P. australis ini. Setelah dilakukan pengamatan P. australis hanya bisa hidup sekitar tiga minggu dan setelah itu mati dan hancur. Pertumbuhan P. australis paling besar terjadi pada wadah ke-8 dengan berat 23 gr. Kata kunci : Pertumbuhan, Padina australis, Desa Serei
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Боголицын (Bogolitsyn), Константин (Konstantin) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich), Анна (Аnna) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) Дружинина (Druzhinina), Денис (Denis) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) Овчинников (Ovchinnikov), Платон (Platon) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Каплицин (Kaplitsin), Елена (Elena) Валерьевна (Valer'evna) Шульгина (Shulgina), and Анастасия (Аnastasiya) Эдуардовна (Eduardovna) Паршина (Parshina). "POLYPHENOLS OF BROWN ALGAE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018031898.
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The modern state of research of marine brown algae polyphenolic compounds – phlorotannins, is analyzed. The data on the content of phlorotannins in biomass are presented depending on the species of algae and the place of growth. The biosynthesis, morphology, accumulation in the thallus, the physicochemical properties and biological role of these compounds are considered. The classical methods of isolating phlorotannins from algae are described, as well as modern methods, such as ultrasonic, microwave, enzymatic extraction, liquid extraction under pressure and supercritical fluid extraction. The ways of selective extraction of these compounds from extracts by methods of liquid-phase and solid-phase extraction are considered. Methods for studying the polymer composition of phlorotannins like gel permeation chromatography and ultrafiltration are presented. In the review of methods for quantitative determination and structural analysis of phlorotannins, special attention is paid to methods of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry using various ionization methods. The significant biological activity of phlorotannins is shown, which is represented by antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and other activities, which determines the prospects for the practical application of these polyphenolic compounds as therapeutic and prophylactic agents in the food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries.
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Nurjannah, K. A. I., N. A. Amaliah, M. Junda, N. Iriany, A. T. Makkulawu, H. Karim, A. A. Azis, Y. A. Djawad, and O. Jumadi. "The influence of fermented brown algae extract (Sargassum sp.) on corn plant growth (Zea mays L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 911, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012051.
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Abstracts Brown Algae Extract is one of the ingredients used in organic fertilizers that is more effective for maximizing the growth and production of corn plants. This study aims to determine the effect of fermented brown algae extract on the growth of corn. The research was conducted in Sokkolia Field, Gowa District. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The first treatment was algae extract which was inoculated by Trichoderma harzianum and Gliocladium sp. Bacillus subtilis and Paenybacillus polymyxa as well as unfermented algae extract. The algae extract was applied to corn by spraying. The parameters observed were plant height, stem circumference, cob length (cm), cob diameter, number of rows of seeds. The results showed that application of algae extract improved the quality and quantity of corn growth compared to the UPK (Urea + Phosphate + Potassium) control.
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Al Monla, Reem, Zeina Dassouki, Nouha Sari-Chmayssem, Hiba Mawlawi, and Hala Gali-Muhtasib. "Fucoidan and Alginate from the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa and Their Combination with Vitamin C Trigger Apoptosis in Colon Cancer." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020358.
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Brown seaweeds are producers of bioactive molecules which are known to inhibit oncogenic growth. Here, we investigated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of two polysaccharides from the brown algae Colpomenia sinuosa, namely fucoidan and alginate, in a panel of cancer cell lines and evaluated their effects when combined with vitamin C. Fucoidan and alginate were isolated from brown algae and characterized by HPLC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that highly sulfated fucoidans had higher antioxidant and cytotoxic effects than alginate. Human colon cancer cells were the most sensitive to the algal treatments, with fucoidan having an IC50 value (618.9 µg/mL−1) lower than that of alginate (690 µg/mL−1). The production of reactive oxygen species was increased upon treatment of HCT-116 cells with fucoidan and alginate, which suggest that these compounds may trigger cell death via oxidative damage. The combination of fucoidan with vitamin C showed enhanced effects compared to treatment with fucoidan alone, as evidenced by the significant inhibitory effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cell viability. The combination of the algal polysaccharides with vitamin C caused enhanced degeneration in the nuclei of cells, as evidenced by DAPI staining and increased the subG1 population, suggesting the induction of cell death. Together, these results suggest that fucoidan and alginate from the brown algae C. sinuosa are promising anticancer compounds, particularly when used in combination with vitamin C.
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Wu, Yukun, Pengyan Zhang, Zhourui Liang, Yanmin Yuan, Maohong Duan, Yi Liu, Di Zhang, and Fuli Liu. "Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Aureochrome Gene Family in Saccharina japonica and a Comparative Analysis with Six Other Algae." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162088.
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Aureochrome (AUREO) is a kind of blue light photoreceptor with both LOV and bZIP structural domains, identified only in Stramenopiles. It functions as a transcription factor that responds to blue light, playing diverse roles in the growth, development, and reproduction of Stramenopiles. Most of its functions are currently unknown, especially in the economically important alga S. japonica farmed on a large scale. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of AUREO gene families in seven algae, focusing on the AUREOs of S. japonica. AUREO genes were strictly identified from seven algal genomes. Then AUREO phylogenetic tree was constructed from 44 conserved AUREO genes collected. These AUREO genes were divided into five groups based on phylogenetic relationships. A total of 28 genes unnamed previously were named according to the phylogenetic tree. A large number of different cis-acting elements, especially bZIP transcription factors, were discovered upstream of AUREO genes in brown algae. Different intron/exon structural patterns were identified among all AUREOs. Transcriptomic data indicated that the expression of Sj AUREO varied significantly during the different development stages of S. japonica gametophytes. Periodic rhythms of light induction experiments indicate that Sj AUREO existed in a light-dependent circadian expression pattern, differing from other similar studies in the past. This may indicate that blue light affects gametophyte development through AUREO as a light signal receptor. This study systematically identified and analyzed the AUREO gene family in seven representative brown algae, which lay a good foundation for further study and understanding of AUERO functions in agal growth and development.
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Muahiddah, Nuri, and Wastu Ayu Diamahesa. "POTENTIAL USE OF BROWN ALGAE AS AN IMMUNOSTIMULANT MATERIAL IN THE AQUACULTURE FIELD TO INCREASE NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY AND FIGHT DISEASE." Journal of Fish Health 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jfh.v2i2.2075.
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The aquaculture field continues to grow from year to year. This is because aquaculture fulfills the world's food needs. Aquaculture intensification continues. As a result of this intensification, the aquaculture environment experienced a decrease in water quality. This led to the rapid growth of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, resulting in a high incidence of disease outbreaks. An alternative solution that has been extensively researched recently is using immunostimulants to increase the non-specific immunity of fish and shrimp, which will help fish and insects prevent disease outbreaks. One of the natural ingredients that have the potential to become an immunostimulant is from the brown algae group. Immunostimulants from brown algae such as Hot-water Extract of Tropical Brown Seaweed, Sargassum cristaefolium, Sargassum glaucescens, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum wightii, Sargassum sp. Polysaccharides from seaweed, such as fucoidan extracts from brown algae, can enhance the non-specific immune system in shrimp Litopenaneus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Fenneropenaeus indicus, and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. These immunostimulants increase non-specific immunity, such as total hemocyte count, phagocytosis activity, phenoloxidase, phagocytic, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, and total plasma protein. Immunostimulants from brown algae can also fight bacterial disease attacks Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococciasis, Streptococcus iniae, and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by increasing survival rate and can increase the growth and feed efficiency of cultivated commodities that are not given immunostimulants.
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Chaudhary, Rimsha, Khadija Nawaz, Amna Komal Khan, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi, and Sumaira Anjum. "An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111498.
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Algae have long been exploited commercially and industrially as food, feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer, but now the trend is shifting towards the algae-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). This trend is increasing day by day, as algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites, easy to cultivate, have fast growth, and are scalable. In recent era, green synthesis of NPs has gained widespread attention as a safe, simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly protocol. The secondary metabolites from algae reduce, cap, and stabilize the metal precursors to form metal, metal oxide, or bimetallic NPs. The NPs synthesis could either be intracellular or extracellular depending on the location of NPs synthesis and reducing agents. Among the diverse range of algae, the most widely investigated algae for the biosynthesis of NPs documented are brown, red, blue-green, micro and macro green algae. Due to the biocompatibility, safety and unique physico-chemical properties of NPs, the algal biosynthesized NPs have also been studied for their biomedical applications, which include anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-fouling, bioremediation, and biosensing activities. In this review, the rationale behind the algal-mediated biosynthesis of metallic, metallic oxide, and bimetallic NPs from various algae have been reviewed. Furthermore, an insight into the mechanism of biosynthesis of NPs from algae and their biomedical applications has been reviewed critically.
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Xiao, Shuhai, Andrew H. Knoll, and Xunlai Yuan. "Morphological reconstruction ofMiaohephyton bifurcatum, a possible brown alga from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, South China." Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 6 (November 1998): 1072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000027414.
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On the basis of morphological and taphonomic study of a large sample population,Miaohephyton bifurcatumSteiner, emend. from the terminal Proterozoic Doushantuo Formation (600-550 Ma), South China, is interpreted as algal fragments shed from their parent thalli for reproductive or environmental reasons. Characters such as regularly dichotomous, multicellular thalli with forked tips, apical and intercalary meristematic growth, abscission structures, and possible conceptacles collectively suggest an affinity with the brown algae, in particular the order Fucales. In conjunction with reports of xanthophyte fossils in older Neoproterozoic rocks, this reinterpretation ofMiaohephyton bifurcatumindicates that photosynthetic stramenopiles (chrysophytes, synurophytes, xanthophytes, phaeophytes, and diatoms; or chromophytes sensu stricto) diversified during the Neoproterozoic Era along with the red and green algae. This, in turn, suggests that the secondary endosymbiosis that gave rise to the photosynthetic stramenopiles took place relatively soon after the evolutionary transformation of cyanobacteria to rhodophyte plastids.
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Corino, Carlo, Silvia Clotilde Modina, Alessia Di Giancamillo, Sara Chiapparini, and Raffaella Rossi. "Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition." Animals 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121126.
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Seaweeds are macroalgae, with different sizes, colors and composition. They consist of brown algae, red algae and green algae, which all have a different chemical composition and bioactive molecule content. The polysaccharides, laminarin and fucoidan are commonly present in brown seaweeds, ulvans are found in green seaweeds and, red algae contain a large amount of carrageenans. These bioactive compounds may have several positive effects on health in livestock. In order to reduce the antimicrobials used in livestock, research has recently focused on finding natural and sustainable molecules that boost animal performance and health. The present study thus summarizes research on the dietary integration of seaweeds in swine. In particular the influence on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities were considered. The review highlights that brown seaweeds seem to be a promising dietary intervention in pigs in order to boost the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. Data on the use of green seaweeds as a dietary supplementation seems to be lacking at present and merit further investigation.
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Tyśkiewicz, Katarzyna, Renata Tyśkiewicz, Marcin Konkol, Edward Rój, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł, and Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak. "Antifungal Properties of Fucus vesiculosus L. Supercritical Fluid Extract Against Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium oxysporum." Molecules 24, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 3518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193518.
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In this study, potential antifungal properties of a brown alga Fucus vesiculosus were evaluated. The algal extract was obtained with the use of supercritical fluid extraction (scCO2) at a temperature of 50 °C under a pressure of 300 bar. The aqueous solution of the extract at the concentration of 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% was studied against pathogenic fungi on a liquid RB medium. This study is the first report on antifungal properties of the brown algae F. vesiculosus scCO2 extract against Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium oxysporum phytopathogens. The concentrations of the studied extract (0.5% and 1.0%) were demonstrated to have an ability to inhibit 100% growth of macroconidia within 144 h, as well as an ability to cause their total degradation. As a result of the study, the antifungal effect of fucosterol against F. culmorum was also indicated. The total macroconidia growth was inhibited by 1.0% fucosterol. Moreover, at lower concentrations (0.05–0.2%) of fucosterol, macroconidia were characterized by shorter length and structural degradation was observed. The mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum (Fo38) by 1% scCO2 F. vesiculosus extract was analyzed at the level of 48% after 168 h of incubation, whereas 100% extract was found to be effective in F. culmorum (CBS122) and F. oxysporum (Fo38) growth inhibition by 72% and 75%, respectively after 168 h of incubation.
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Mann, Alexander J., Richard L. Hahnke, Sixing Huang, Johannes Werner, Peng Xing, Tristan Barbeyron, Bruno Huettel, et al. "The Genome of the Alga-Associated Marine Flavobacterium Formosa agariphila KMM 3901TReveals a Broad Potential for Degradation of Algal Polysaccharides." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 21 (August 30, 2013): 6813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01937-13.
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ABSTRACTIn recent years, representatives of theBacteroideteshave been increasingly recognized as specialists for the degradation of macromolecules.Formosaconstitutes aBacteroidetesgenus within the classFlavobacteria, and the members of this genus have been found in marine habitats with high levels of organic matter, such as in association with algae, invertebrates, and fecal pellets. Here we report on the generation and analysis of the genome of the type strain ofFormosa agariphila(KMM 3901T), an isolate from the green algaAcrosiphonia sonderi.F. agariphilais a facultative anaerobe with the capacity for mixed acid fermentation and denitrification. Its genome harbors 129 proteases and 88 glycoside hydrolases, indicating a pronounced specialization for the degradation of proteins, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins. Sixty-five of the glycoside hydrolases are organized in at least 13 distinct polysaccharide utilization loci, where they are clustered with TonB-dependent receptors, SusD-like proteins, sensors/transcription factors, transporters, and often sulfatases. These loci play a pivotal role in bacteroidetal polysaccharide biodegradation and in the case ofF. agariphilarevealed the capacity to degrade a wide range of algal polysaccharides from green, red, and brown algae and thus a strong specialization of toward an alga-associated lifestyle. This was corroborated by growth experiments, which confirmed usage particularly of those monosaccharides that constitute the building blocks of abundant algal polysaccharides, as well as distinct algal polysaccharides, such as laminarins, xylans, and κ-carrageenans.
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Obluchinskaya, Ekaterina Dmitriyevna, and Lubov Viktorovna Zakharova. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLYPHENOLS OF BROWN ALGAE OF THE BARENTS SEA AND THE WHITE SEA, AS WELL AS THE WATERS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020047755.
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The polyphenol content in the brown algae of the Barents, White Seas, as well as the water areas of the Northwest Atlantic (the Norwegian Sea, the Faxflow bay of the Atlantic Ocean) located in Russia, Norway, Greenland, and Iceland are compared. Algae of the following species were used for this study: Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus spiralis, Fucus serratus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus evanescens. It was found that the most productive raw materials for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds are brown algae F. vesiculosus, growing in Zavalishin Bay of the Barents Sea (Russia): the highest polyphenol content (14.4%) in the summer of 2019 was noted here. Polyphenols detected in F. vesiculosus in the summer from the White Sea on about. Great burnt (13.3%) (Russia), as well as in the Norwegian Sea, Cape Sydspissen (11.6%) (Norway). The minimum content of polyphenols was found in F. spiralis (0.7% dry mass) on the coast of Iceland (Faxflow bay), a low content of polyphenols was characteristic of all types of algae from this location (0.7–2.4%). Three-way analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the example of three types of algae (F. vesiculosus, F. spiralis, A. nodosum) showed that all the studied factors (place of collection, type of algae, fertile phase) are significant. The most significant factor affecting the accumulation of polyphenols by brown algae is the location of algae growth.
The high content of polyphenols in the types of algae we studied from Russian water areas allows us to recommend their use as food and medicinal raw materials, as well as raw materials for biologically active additives.
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Basuyaux, Olivier, Jean-Louis Blin, Katherine Costil, Olivier Richard, Jean-Marc Lebel, and Antoine Serpentini. "Assessing the impacts of several algae-based diets on cultured European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)." Aquatic Living Resources 31 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2018018.
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The effects of different algal diets on the mortality, apparent ingestion, weight, length and conversion rates of the European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) maintained in a semi-closed seawater system throughout the year were compared. Various combinations of red algae (Palmaria palmata, Ceramium rubrum and Chondrus crispus cultured or harvested from the natural environment, as well as Porphyra spp. collected), brown algae (Laminaria digitata) and green algae (fresh or frozen Ulva intestinalis) were tested. The results showed that P. palmata, C. rubrum and U. intestinalis administered alone were associated with significantly higher weight growth rates than the other species of algae tested. However, some combinations of algae (i.e. different proportions of L. digitata in association with P. palmata) were more favorable for weight increase when compared with the expected rates calculated for the diet based on L. digitata alone. Limiting the amount of any of these foods substantially reduced the conversion rate. Seasonal trends were apparent in both weight increase and food conversion rates, with the result that growth in weight on a diet of L. digitata was fastest in summer. Growth on P. palmata was faster in each season, and reached a maximum in early spring. The data collected allowed us to model weight increase and month-to-month food conversion rates for a diet based on P. palmata and L. digitata. The data obtained in this study were coupled with data regarding the availability of algae during the year, enabling us to suggest an optimal diet for each of the four seasons. Finally, the effects of different algae diets were investigated on hemocyte parameters, and the result suggested that P. palmata would reinforce the immune system of abalone.
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Arya, Anju, and Tejpal Singh Chundawat. "Metal Nanoparticles from Algae: A Green Approach for the Synthesis, Characterization and their Biological Activity." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666181212153701.
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In recent time, green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is the latest developing technology and received prodigious interest because it is easy, environmentally pristine, non-fouling, antitoxic, and lowcost approach. Green route of biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles via microbes such as bacteria, fungi, virus, yeast and algae has the potential to deliver sustainable and enviro safe protocol. Green synthesized metal nanoparticles are the most optimistic and novel agent for various catalytic and biological activities as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer etc. without any toxic effects. Here, we reviewed algae-mediated green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their biological activity. Algae are photoautotrophic, eukaryotic, aquatic, unicellular or multicellular organisms. Algae commonly used for biosynthesis because they grow rapidly, their biomass growth on average ten times faster than higher plants and easy to handle experiments with algal species. Different algal strains such as red, green and brown algae are using for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Algae contain bioactive molecules and secondary metabolites that act as reducing, capping and stabilizing agent for manufacturing in nanoparticles. Biogenically synthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles characterized by different techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), DLS (dynamic light scattering) zeta potential and exhibited biological activity. In future, research algal production of metal nanoparticles can be explored by the use of different microalgae and their applications in different areas such as biological activity, catalytic activity in the synthesis of organic compounds, medical diagnose and synthesis of nanocomposite, lipid nanoparticles and antibiofilm.
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Caroline, Soizic, Jacky, and Claude. "Impact of Zirconium on Freshwater Periphytic Microorganisms." Environments 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6100111.
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The majority of studies on biofilms have focused on autotrophic and bacterial taxa, without considering the potential effects on biofilm grazers. In this work, we investigated the effects of realistic environmental concentrations of zirconium (Zr) on periphyton algal growth and micromeiofauna biodiversity. Glass slides were submerged in a pond for four weeks to colonize biofilms and exposed for four weeks in aquaria to targeted Zr concentrations of 0, 1, and 10 nM, which were monitored over time (average measured concentrations were 0.2 ± 0.1, 0.5 ± 0.3, and 2.9 ± 0.3 nM Zr). The four-week exposure to the highest concentration (3 nM) affected the micromeiofauna structure of biofilms and modified the autotrophic biofilm structure by increasing the proportion of green algae and decreasing the abundance of cyanobacteria and brown algae. Rotifers and the ciliate Aspidisca cicada appeared to be the most sensitive organisms among the observed micromeiofauna. A toxic effect of Zr on rotifers could explain such results. Indirect effects, such as reduced food availability given the reduced algal growth in the presence of Zr, could also play a role in the changes of micromeiofauna community structure. These results are among the few published data on the effects of Zr.
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HEGSETH, ELSE N., and CECILIE H. VON QUILLFELDT. "Low phytoplankton biomass and ice algal blooms in the Weddell Sea during the ice-filled summer of 1997." Antarctic Science 14, no. 3 (September 2002): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410200200007x.
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The summer of 1997 was characterized by unusually large amounts of pack ice in the southeastern Weddell Sea, and less than 10% of the area that is commonly ice-free in summer was open. A modest phytoplankton bloom developed in the upper mixed layer in the northernmost area (72°S). The bloom peaked in mid-February with max chlorophyll concentrations of 1.5 μg l−1, and integrated stocks of 55–60 mg m−2. Autotrophic flagellates dominated the biomass (80–90% of the chlorophyll) at first, while diatoms increased relative to flagellates during the bloom. Nutrient deficits, however, indicated that a much larger biomass was produced than was observed. Freezing starting after mid-February probably terminated the bloom, resulting in a pelagic growth season limited in time (less than two months) and space. The sea ice had a distinct brown layer of algae, usually at 1–2 m depth, with average chlorophyll biomass of 10.3 mg m−2. The ice cover exhibited a substantial amount of ridges, with ice algae growing in cavities and other structures, but with lower biomass than in the bands. Ice algae were also found growing on the lower 2 m of the ice shelf (visible at low tide). The overall growth season in the ice lasted several months, and ice algal production may have exceeded pelagic production in the Weddell Sea during the growth season of 1997. Pennate diatoms, like Fragilariopsis curta and F. cylindrus, dominated both in ice and in open water above the pycnocline, while Phaeocystis antarctica dominated in deeper layers and in crack pools. Euphausiids, particularly young stages, were frequently observed grazing on ice algae in ridges and on all sides of the floes, (confirmed by the gut content). Ice algae would thus have served as an ample food supply for the krill in the summer of 1997.
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Cokrowati, Nunik, and Nanda Diniarti. "KOMPONEN SARGASSUM AQUIFOLIUM SEBAGAI HORMON PEMICU TUMBUH UNTUK EUCHEUMA COTTONII." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i2.1107.
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Abstrak: Sargassum aquifolium merupakan alga coklat dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku kertas pembungkus makanan, bahan baku makanan, farmasi serta kosmetik. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji komponen yang dimiliki Sargassum aquifolium dan berpotensi sebagai hormon pemicu tumbuh untuk Eucheuma cottonii. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan artikel ini adalah studi pustaka yang berasal dari google scholar, Elsevier dan academia. Informasi yang diperoleh selanjutnya disintesis dan dibuat formulasi rumusan kesimpulan. Data kualitatif yang digunakan pada artikel ini adalah hasil analisis berbagai referensi terkait dengan review yang disusun. Hasil sintesis yang diperoleh menerangkan bahwa Sargassum aquifolium mengandung karbohidrat (59,51%), lemak (8,41%), Ca (3,34%), Fe (0,12%), P (0,18%) Fe (0,12%), Ca (3,34%), air (12,79%), abu (12,79%), N (7.22%). Komponen yang ada pada Sargassum aquifolium tersebut, berpotensi sebagai fitohormon yang dapat digunakan sebagai pemicu tumbuh pada Eucheuma cottonii.Kata kunci: ekstrak, alga coklat, fitohormon, pertumbuhan, rumput laut. Abstract: Sargassum aquifolium is brown algae and can be used as raw material for food wrapping paper, food raw materials, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The objective of this study is to review articles that study the components possessed by Sargassum aquifolium and potentially as a growth trigger hormone for Eucheuma cottonii. The method used in writing this article is a descriptive literature study from google scholar, Elsevier, and Academia. The qualitative data used in this article is the result of the analysis of various references related to the reviews prepared. Based on the synthesis of the article study, it was explained that Sargassum aquifolium contained carbohydrates (59.51%), fat (8.41%), Ca (3.34%), Fe (0.12%), P (0.18%) Fe (0.12%), Ca (3.34%), water (12.79%), ash (12.79%), N (7.22%). The components in Sargassum aquifolium have the potential as a phytohormone which can be used as a growth trigger for Eucheuma cottonii.Keywords: extract, brown algae, phytohormone, growth, seaweed.
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Alvarado-Sansininea, Jesús Javier, Rosario Tavera-Hernández, Manuel Jiménez-Estrada, Enrique Wenceslao Coronado-Aceves, Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón, Sergio Díaz-Martínez, Lisandro Hernández-Anaya, Rosalva Rangel-Corona, and Alejandrina Graciela Avila-Ortiz. "Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, and Toxicity Effects of Two Brown Algae: Sargassum buxifolium and Padina gymnospora." International Journal of Plant Biology 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14010006.
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Seaweed has a variety or biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory ones. Mexico has great macroalgae diversity, with nearly 1700 species; therefore, in this research two seaweeds from Mexico, Sargassum buxifolium and Padina gymnospora, were investigated for their antibacterial, antidiabetic, and toxic potential; and to understand their phytochemical components both were subjected to various extractions. Only the hexanic fraction was active, and the presence of fatty acids was detected. The two algal extracts showed interesting antimicrobial properties, which mostly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis). The α-glucosidase activity was estimated for checking the antidiabetic capacity; S. buxifolium had best α-glucosidase inhibition compared with P. gymnospora. For toxicity, the hexanic extracts administered orally as nontoxic in the treated mice. These results suggest that the two algae have potential as resources for the development of antimicrobial agents.
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Cokrowati, N., Y. Risjani, S. Andayani, M. Firdaus, and R. Honiar. "Identification and determination of growth hormones of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Ekas Bay East Lombok." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012040.
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Abstract The extract of red marine algae contained growth-enhancing properties which is associated to age and their morphotypes. Kappaphycus alvarezii cultured in Ekas Bay, Lombok, Indonesia was studied and aimed to determine the content of growth-promoting substances in the young and old thallus of brown and green morphotypes of K. alvarezii. The content of K. alvarezii thallus growth substances was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This study showed that the old thallus in the brown K. alvarezii strain contained auxin 8.43 ppm and the young thallus 2.89 ppm, while the old thallus in the green strain K. alvarezii contained auxin 10.92 ppm and the young thallus contained 16.28 ppm. This study concluded that auxin was the only growth promoter detected in K. alvarezii seeds in both young and old thallus in green and brown morphotypes.
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Nègre, Aite, Belcour, Frioux, Brillet-Guéguen, Liu, Bordron, et al. "Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks Shed Light on the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in the Brown Algae Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus." Antioxidants 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2019): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110564.
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Understanding growth mechanisms in brown algae is a current scientific and economic challenge that can benefit from the modeling of their metabolic networks. The sequencing of the genomes of Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus has provided the necessary data for the reconstruction of Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks (GSMNs). The same in silico method deployed for the GSMN reconstruction of Ectocarpus siliculosus to investigate the metabolic capabilities of these two algae, was used. Integrating metabolic profiling data from the literature, we provided functional GSMNs composed of an average of 2230 metabolites and 3370 reactions. Based on these GSMNs and previously published work, we propose a model for the biosynthetic pathways of the main carotenoids in these two algae. We highlight, on the one hand, the reactions and enzymes that have been preserved through evolution and, on the other hand, the specificities related to brown algae. Our data further indicate that, if abscisic acid is produced by Saccharina japonica, its biosynthesis pathway seems to be different in its final steps from that described in land plants. Thus, our work illustrates the potential of GSMNs reconstructions for formalizing hypotheses that can be further tested using targeted biochemical approaches.
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Anisimov, M. M., E. L. Chaikina, N. I. Gerasimenko, and A. G. Klykov. "Effect of ethanol metabolites from brown algae Costaria costata on buckwheat seedling growth." Russian Agricultural Sciences 36, no. 6 (December 2010): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367410060042.
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Moulin, Solène L. Y., Audrey Beyly-Adriano, Stéphan Cuiné, Stéphanie Blangy, Bertrand Légeret, Magali Floriani, Adrien Burlacot, et al. "Fatty acid photodecarboxylase is an ancient photoenzyme that forms hydrocarbons in the thylakoids of algae." Plant Physiology 186, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 1455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab168.
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Abstract Fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) is one of the few enzymes that require light for their catalytic cycle (photoenzymes). FAP was first identified in the microalga Chlorella variabilis NC64A, and belongs to an algae-specific subgroup of the glucose–methanol–choline oxidoreductase family. While the FAP from C. variabilis and its Chlamydomonas reinhardtii homolog CrFAP have demonstrated in vitro activities, their activities and physiological functions have not been studied in vivo. Furthermore, the conservation of FAP activity beyond green microalgae remains hypothetical. Here, using a C. reinhardtii FAP knockout line (fap), we showed that CrFAP is responsible for the formation of 7-heptadecene, the only hydrocarbon of this alga. We further showed that CrFAP was predominantly membrane-associated and that >90% of 7-heptadecene was recovered in the thylakoid fraction. In the fap mutant, photosynthetic activity was not affected under standard growth conditions, but was reduced after cold acclimation when light intensity varied. A phylogenetic analysis that included sequences from Tara Ocean identified almost 200 putative FAPs and indicated that FAP was acquired early after primary endosymbiosis. Within Bikonta, FAP was retained in secondary photosynthetic endosymbiosis lineages but absent from those that lost the plastid. Characterization of recombinant FAPs from various algal genera (Nannochloropsis, Ectocarpus, Galdieria, Chondrus) provided experimental evidence that FAP photochemical activity was present in red and brown algae, and was not limited to unicellular species. These results thus indicate that FAP was conserved during the evolution of most algal lineages where photosynthesis was retained, and suggest that its function is linked to photosynthetic membranes.
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Fedotova, E. E., V. P. Korchagin, and D. D. Vingorodova. "Using of brown algae Sargassum pallidum as raw materials for extraction of fucoxanthin." Izvestiya TINRO 200, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-1008-1015.
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Fucoxanthin is a widespread carotenoid contained in tissues of brown algae, known by its antitumor activity and ability to suppress cancer cells growth. Its inclusion into diet prevents accumulation of the body fat and regulates level of glucose and insulin in the blood. Fucoxanthin can be considered as a promising nutritional supplement for suppressing obesity. Extraction of fucoxanthin from brown algae Sargassum pallidum is investigated under various conditions. The samples of algae were collected in different sites at Primorye coast in 2018–2019. Two types of the preparations were used ― frozen and dried. The frozen preparations were stored under temperature of –18 оC no more than 30 days. For the dried preparations, fresh algae were dried in a dark room by air fan under temperature of +18–+20 оC and then crushed to powder and stored in dark place under the same temperature no more than 6 months. Content of dry substance in the preparations was 16.4 ± 1.0 % for frozen algae and 93.6 ± 1.0 % for dried algae. Fucoxanthin was extracted from these preparations by method of alcohol extraction using the ethanol water solution in ratio of 1 : 10 during 24 hours in a dark place, then the solution was filtered or centrifuged. Concentration of fucoxanthin in the filtered solution was measured in spectrophotometer relative to a standard solution (ethanol 96 %) with wavelength of 350–800 nm. Yield of fucoxanthin was higher from the frozen preparations, but more ethanol was consumed for its extraction in comparison with extraction from the dried preparations. Besides, the dried preparations were processed during 1 day with the ethanol solution in concentration 96, 88, 84, 80, and 76 %, under various temperature. Yield of fucoxanthin decreased with temperature increasing: the optimal temperature was +7 оC, so the room temperature could not be recommended for extraction. The optimum concentration of ethanol for fucoxanthin extraction was 80 ± 2%.
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Dwi Nurhayati, Wahju Tjahjaningsih, Moch Amin Alamsjah,. "Pengaruh Ekstrak Alga Cokelat (Sargassum sp.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro [Effect of Brown Algae Extract (Sargassum sp.) on Growth of Escherichia coli In Vitro]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v3i1.11627.
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Abstract Algae Sargassum sp. showed the ability to inhibit the growth of a maximum of several types of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Because of Sargassum sp. have antibacterial with 2 active ingredients are compounds of phenol and tannin fiber. So Sargassum sp. potential to serve as antibakteri substances against several types of bacterial pathogens such as bacteria that cause diarhea.The aim of the study was to determine antibacterial activity brown algae exstract (Sargassum sp.) and determine best concentration from brown algae exstract (Sargassum sp.) to kill of E. coli. This study was conducted at several places such as Saints and Technology Faculty and Veterinary Faculty, Airlangga University Surabaya. Research was done September 2010. This study was conducted in the laboratory using experimental method completely randomized design with twelve treatments and there replications. The main objectives of this study were MBC extract of Sargassum sp. Result of the study analyzed with Khi-Khuadrat. Result of the study showed that extract Sargassum sp. has antimicrobial activity against E. coli were determined with in vitro method. Based on MBC data were found to be effective to kill of E. coli at 50 %. Exploration potential of extracts from brown algae (Sargassum sp.) against various species of bacteria that cause diarrhea are expected to become a new information about the content of extracts of Sargassum sp. as an antibacterial. Also from this research will be obtained an alternative treatment of diarrheal diseases that come from living marine resources and will eventually increase the economic value of fishery commodities which have not explored its use as Sargassum sp.
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Domenico Prisa. "Biological mixture of brown algae extracts influences the microbial community of Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora in pot cultivation." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.3.0190.
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Research goal: Based on the information found in the literature, it has been verified that the use of biofertilizing algae can definitely improve plant quality, growth, and blooms. In this work, studies were conducted to evaluate whether the use of algae in the cultivation of ornamental cacti in pots can improve the growth, ornamental qualities and resistance to salt stress of plants that normally grow in environmental conditions different from our latitudes. Materials and Methods: The experiments, started in September 2020, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (PT), Tuscany, Italy (43°54′N 10°41′E) on Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea shaferi, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora herzogli. The experimental groups were: i) group control, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group control1, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized + 50 mM of NaCl once every 7 days; iii) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iv) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized + 50 mM of NaCl once every 7 days. On July 28, 2021, plant height and circumference, suckers’ number, number and length of thorns, vegetative and roots weight, flowers number, flowers life, plants dead from salinity stress, substrate microbial count, pH were analysed. Results and Discussion: The test showed a significant increase in agronomic and quality parameters analyzed in plants treated with algae extracts on Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea shaferi, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora herzogli. In fact, the trial showed in agronomic terms an increase in plant height and circumference, number of new suckers, vegetative and roots growth, number and length of thorns and flowers number. In qualitative terms, theses treated with algae extracts have shown a significant increase in the flower’s life and greater resistance to salt stress. The trial also showed an increase in the microorganism’s number in the theses treated with algae and a lowering of the pH in the substrate. The results therefore suggest the presence of additional sources of carbon and energy in particular nitrogen and phosphorus that ensure the increase of microbial populations and influence their behavior. Conclusions: This research paper highlights the potential of biofertilizer technology in terms of cost, environmental sustainability, and saline soil improvement. As in other experiments in the literature, the application of algae not only resulted in significant effects on plant growth but also influenced the development of microbial communities in the soil.
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Kim, Seo-Young, Ji-Hyeok Lee, Nalae Kang, Kil-Nam Kim, and You-Jin Jeon. "The Effects of Marine Algal Polyphenols, Phlorotannins, on Skeletal Muscle Growth in C2C12 Muscle Cells via Smad and IGF-1 Signaling Pathways." Marine Drugs 19, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19050266.
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Skeletal muscle is an important tissue in energy metabolism and athletic performance. The use of effective synthetic supplements and drugs to promote muscle growth is limited by various side effects. Moreover, their use is prohibited by anti-doping agencies; hence, natural alternatives are needed. Therefore, we evaluated the muscle growth effect of substances that can act like synthetic supplements from edible marine algae. First, we isolated six marine algal polyphenols belonging to the phlorotannin class, namely dieckol (DK), 2,7″-phloroglucinol-6,6′-bieckol (PHB), phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFFA), 6,6′-bieckol (6,6-BK), pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6′-bieckol (PPB), and phloroglucinol (PG) from an edible brown alga, Ecklonia cava and evaluated their effects on C2C12 myoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Of the six phlorotannin isolates evaluated, DK and PHB induced the highest degree of C2C12 myoblast proliferation. In addition, DK and PHB regulates myogenesis by down-regulating the Smad signaling, a negative regulator, and up-regulating the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling, a positive regulator. Interestingly, DK and PHB bind strongly to myostatin, which is an inhibitor of myoblast proliferation, while also binding to IGF-1 receptors. Moreover, they bind to IGF-1 receptor. These results suggest that DK and PHB are potential natural muscle building supplements and could be a safer alternative to synthetic drugs.
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Čertnerová, Dora, and Pavel Škaloud. "Substantial intraspecific genome size variation in golden-brown algae and its phenotypic consequences." Annals of Botany 126, no. 6 (July 20, 2020): 1077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa133.
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Abstract Background and Aims While nuclear DNA content variation and its phenotypic consequences have been well described for animals, vascular plants and macroalgae, much less about this topic is known regarding unicellular algae and protists in general. The dearth of data is especially pronounced when it comes to intraspecific genome size variation. This study attempts to investigate the extent of intraspecific variability in genome size and its adaptive consequences in a microalgal species. Methods Propidium iodide flow cytometry was used to estimate the absolute genome size of 131 strains (isolates) of the golden-brown alga Synura petersenii (Chrysophyceae, Stramenopiles), identified by identical internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA barcodes. Cell size, growth rate and genomic GC content were further assessed on a sub-set of strains. Geographic location of 67 sampling sites across the Northern hemisphere was used to extract climatic database data and to evaluate the ecogeographical distribution of genome size diversity. Key Results Genome size ranged continuously from 0.97 to 2.02 pg of DNA across the investigated strains. The genome size was positively associated with cell size and negatively associated with growth rate. Bioclim variables were not correlated with genome size variation. No clear trends in the geographical distribution of strains of a particular genome size were detected, and strains of different genome size occasionally coexisted at the same locality. Genomic GC content was significantly associated only with genome size via a quadratic relationship. Conclusions Genome size variability in S. petersenii was probably triggered by an evolutionary mechanism operating via gradual changes in genome size accompanied by changes in genomic GC content, such as, for example, proliferation of transposable elements. The variation was reflected in cell size and relative growth rate, possibly with adaptive consequences.
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Ayrapetyan, Olga N., Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya, Elena V. Zhurishkina, Yury A. Skorik, Dmitry V. Lebedev, Anna A. Kulminskaya, and Irina M. Lapina. "Antibacterial Properties of Fucoidans from the Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus L. of the Barents Sea." Biology 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10010067.
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Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides found in cell walls of brown algae, are considered as a promising antimicrobial component for various applications in medicine and the food industry. In this study, we compare the antibacterial properties of two fractions of fucoidan from the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus gathered in the littoral of the Barents Sea and sampled at different stages of purification. The crude fraction of fucoidan was isolated from algae by extraction with aqueous ethanol and sonication. The purified fraction was obtained by additional treatment of the crude fraction with a solution of calcium chloride. The structural features of both fractions were characterized in detail and their antibacterial effects against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were compared by photometry, acridine orange staining assay, and atomic force microscopy. Fucoidan inhibited growth in all of the above microorganisms, showing a bacteriostatic effect with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range between 4 and 6 mg/mL, with E. coli being the most sensitive to both fractions. Changes in the chemical composition after treatment of the crude fraction with a solution of calcium chloride led to a decrease in the content of sulfates and uronic acids and diminished antibacterial activity.
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Voskoboinikov, G. M., V. N. Маkarov, S. V. Malavenda, D. V. Pugovkin, I. V. Ryzhik, M. P. Klindukh, and D. O. Salakhov. "ADAPTATION, REGULATION OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION AND RATIONAL USE OF ALGAE-MACROPHYTES OF THE BARENTS SEA." Transaction of the Kola Science Centre 11, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 150–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.11.4.007.
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The results of algological researches of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute for the period from 2015 till 2019 are presented with the following achievements. Analysis of the expeditionary samples revealed 79 species of algae macrophyte, rarely found at the Murman coast, among them 10 species were Chlorophyta, 33 –Phaeophyceae, 36 –Rhodophyta. A significant increase of the occurrence (presence) of Ulva lactuca L.at the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea in 2009–2019 was noted, due to positive climatic anomalies caused by an increase of the influx of the Atlantic waters. It has been shown for the first time that the various morphological forms of the brown alga Fucus distichuslived on the littoral of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea are genetically homogeneous. The morphology of embryogenesis, early ontogenesis of F. distichusis described. It was determined that hydrostatic pressure (from 4 atm) negatively affects the development of spores of Alaria esculentaand Palmaria palmata, and can determine the lower boundary of algae growth. It was shown that a change in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system P. palmata: (catalase and superoxide dismutase) depending on the temperature of the environment) is one of the mechanisms of adaptation of algae to growth in the tidal zone and seasonal temperature fluctuations. There were revealed the negative effect of the red algae P. palmataon the growth of F. distichus, F. serratusand the positive effect of Fucus on the growth of P. palmata. A change in the seasonal concentration of 4 B vitamins was determined (riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and pyridoxine) of P. palmata. Isolated vitamins take part in spore formation and can act as antioxidants. An electron microscopic analysis of the “young” multicellular sporophytes of Saccharina latissimarevealed the presence in cells of a developed photosynthetic reticulum, and a high partial mass of mitochondria, energy structures that apparently provide an intensive process of cell division at this stage of ontogenesis. The participation of florotannins in the regeneration of thallus of Fucus algae was demonstrated. The data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of cultivated and uncultivated epiphytic bacteria of Fucus algae from clean and oil polluted areas of coastal waters of the Barents Sea have been obtained.For the first time, the evidence base presents that morphologically and systematically various macrophyte algae, differing in structure and systematic affiliation, possess in their ability to form a symbiotic association with hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, they show a pronounced ability to sorb and to destruct the oil products, which determines their significant role in bioremediation of coastal waters.
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Jamilatun, Amilia, Febrianti Lestari, and Susiana Susiana. "Pola sebaran jenis makroalga di zona intertidal perairan Malang Rapat Kecamatan Gunung Kijang, Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia." Akuatikisle: Jurnal Akuakultur, Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil 4, no. 2 (October 17, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.akuatikisle.4.2.65-71.
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This study aims to determine the distribution patterns, and environmental parameters of macro algae waters in the Intertidal Zone of Malang Rapat waters Gunung Kijang District, Bintan Regency. This research was conducted in October-December 2019. The purposive sampling method was applied to 5 research station based on the different characteristics of each station that found macro algae. Macro algae sampling was carried out at each observation station using line transects. Placing transect lines at every station to collect 3 macro algae along 50 m, the determination of the first plot is based on the first point of finding macro algae that are drawn perpendicular to the coastline with a distance between the lines of 30 m. The results found 8 species of macro algae (seaweed) from 3 divisions namely Caulerpa serrulate, Halimeda opuntia, Chaetomorpha crassa, Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, Padina australis, Gracilaria salicornia, Galaxaura fastigiate. Distribution patterns of macro algae in the waters of Malang Rapat between -4,212 - 1,708 with the category grouping at station 1 and equivalent at station 2, 3, 4, 5. Each station is dominated by brown algae with the genus Sargassum. Factors affecting the distribution of macro algae in intertidal zone are lights, temperature, pH, current and substrate. All water quality parameters fulfilled the optimum growth requirements of seaweed.
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Pajot, Anne, Gia Hao Huynh, Laurent Picot, Luc Marchal, and Elodie Nicolau. "Fucoxanthin from Algae to Human, an Extraordinary Bioresource: Insights and Advances in up and Downstream Processes." Marine Drugs 20, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20040222.
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Fucoxanthin is a brown-colored pigment from algae, with great potential as a bioactive molecule due to its numerous properties. This review aims to present current knowledge on this high added-value pigment. An accurate analysis of the biological function of fucoxanthin explains its wide photon absorption capacities in golden-brown algae. The specific chemical structure of this pigment also leads to many functional activities in human health. They are outlined in this work and are supported by the latest studies in the literature. The scientific and industrial interest in fucoxanthin is correlated with great improvements in the development of algae cultures and downstream processes. The best fucoxanthin producing algae and their associated culture parameters are described. The light intensity is a major influencing factor, as it has to enable both a high biomass growth and a high fucoxanthin content. This review also insists on the most eco-friendly and innovative extraction methods and their perspective within the next years. The use of bio-based solvents, aqueous two-phase systems and the centrifugal partition chromatography are the most promising processes. The analysis of the global market and multiple applications of fucoxanthin revealed that Asian companies are major actors in the market with macroalgae. In addition, fucoxanthin from microalgae are currently produced in Israel and France, and are mostly authorized in the USA.
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Janceva, Sarmīte, Liga Lauberte, Laima Vevere, Oskars Bikovens, Anna Andersone, and Galina Telysheva. "Brown Algae as a Potential Source for Obtaining of High Valuable Products." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.98.
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In the present study, the Fucus vesiculosus is considered as perspective feedstock for obtaining fertilizers and valuable biologically active compounds. Polyphenols (phlorotannin) and sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) were isolated using sequential extraction from the above-mentioned seaweed. The total content of polyphenolics in hydrophilic extracts is 680 GAE/g. The yield of fucoidan from brown algae was 7 % on the oven dry seaweed. The assessment of biological activity of Fucus vesiculosus was performed using germination test and vegetation test. The results of the tests revealed that the Fucus vesiculosus promotes the growth of the agricultural plants, is not phytotoxic, and has a good potential in sustainable agriculture
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Kanishcheva, O. V., A. A. Kanishchev, and E. V. Shoshina. "The long-term variability of the age structure of cenopopulations of fucus bubble (Fucus vesiculosus L.) within the litoral of the Kola Bay under anthropogenic influence." Vestnik MGTU 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-2-139-149.
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Recently, in order to assess the quality of water, hydrobiological indicators, in particular various biological characteristics of macroalgae, are widely used along with hydrochemical parameters. Brown alga Fucus vesiculosus due to its ecological plasticity and tolerance to a complex of natural and anthropogenic factors can serve as a model object when studying adaptive reactions of phytocenoses to adverse environmental conditions. The material for the work is the collections of algae during 1999, 2009 and 2019 years within the southern and middle tribes of the Kola Bay. The variability of the age structure of the Fucus vesiculosus on the littoral bay under anthropogenic press in different years has been considered in this work; moreover the environmental assessment of water quality has been also undertaken. Reference data have shown that the waters of the bay contained a wide range of pollutants, due to this an elevated concentrations of oil hydrocarbons and a number of metals have been observed for a long period. A study of the age structure of F. vesiculosus has shown that a long age series have been observed in the littoral cenopopulations of this species, plants of various age groups are presented, while the communities is based on young plants aged from 1 to 3 years. It has been found that the number of individuals of older age groups naturally decreases with increasing age. During the observing period, an increase in algae biomass and a subsequent decrease in its growth have been observed. The presented materials testify the stability of the brown alga F. vesiculosus under conditions of intensive industrial exploitation of the waters of the Kola Bay.
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H.A., Hashem, Mansour H.A., El-Khawas S.A., and Hassanein R.A. "The Potentiality of Marine Macro-Algae as Bio-Fertilizers to Improve the Productivity and Salt Stress Tolerance of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Plants." Agronomy 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030146.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the potentiality of three seaweeds, which belong to different algal taxa (green alga Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, brown alga Cystoseira spp., and red alga Gelidium crinale (Hare ex Turner) Gaillon) as bio-fertilizers to improve the growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) plants under greenhouse conditions. Furthermore, the impact of seaweeds in alleviating the effects of salt stress (75 and 150 mM NaCl) on canola plants was also investigated. The three examined seaweeds (applied as soil amendments) successfully alleviated the harmful effects of salinity on canola plants by significantly reducing the inhibition of chlorophyll a, b, total carbohydrate accumulation, and growth promoting hormones, while increasing antioxidative compounds, such as phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and osmoprotectants, including total carbohydrates and proline. Phytochemical analysis of the three examined seaweeds suggests that their stimulatory effect on growth and productivity under normal and salinity growth conditions may be linked to their constituents of a wide variety of growth promotive hormones, including indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins, total carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. U. lactuca was found to be the best candidate to be used as a bio-fertilizer to improve canola growth, yield, and salt stress tolerance.
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Lee, Seung Hyeon, Moon Su Park, Ji Young Jung, and Che Ok Jeon. "Leuconostoc miyukkimchii sp. nov., isolated from brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida) kimchi." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_5 (May 1, 2012): 1098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.032367-0.
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A Gram-staining-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming lactic acid bacterium, designated strain M2T, was isolated from fermented brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida) kimchi in South Korea. Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic ovoids and showed catalase- and oxidase-negative reactions. Growth of strain M2T was observed at 4–35 °C and at pH 5.0–9.0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain M2T belonged to the genus Leuconostoc and was most closely related to Leuconostoc inhae IH003T, Leuconostoc kimchii IH25T, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum LMG 18811T, Leuconostoc gelidum DSM 5578T, Leuconostoc palmae TMW2.694T and Leuconostoc holzapfelii BFE 7000T with 98.9 %, 98.8 %, 98.8 %, 98.7 %, 98.5 % and 98.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain M2T and Leuconostoc inhae KACC 12281T, Leuconostoc kimchii IH25T, Leuconostoc gelidum KACC 12256T, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum KACC 13854T, Leuconostoc palmae DSM 21144T and Leuconostoc holzapfelii DSM 21478T were 13.8±3.2 %, 14.3±3.4 %, 9.9±1.0 %, 13.2±0.8 %, 22.4±4.9 % and 16.2±4.6 %, respectively, which allowed differentiation of strain M2T from the closely related species of the genus Leuconostoc . On the basis of phenotypic and molecular properties, strain M2T represents a novel species in the genus Leuconostoc , for which the name Leuconostoc miyukkimchii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M2T ( = KACC 15353T = JCM 17445T).
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Smyrniotopoulos, Vangelis, Christian Merten, Daria Firsova, Howard Fearnhead, and Deniz Tasdemir. "Oxygenated Acyclic Diterpenes with Anticancer Activity from the Irish Brown Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110581.
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Brown alga Bifurcaria bifurcata is a prolific source of bioactive acyclic (linear) diterpenes with high structural diversity. In the continuation of our investigations on Irish brown algae, we undertook an in-depth chemical study on the n-hexanes and chloroform subextracts of B. bifurcata that led to isolation of six new (1–6) and two known (7–8) acyclic diterpenes. Chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, FT-IR, [α]D and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. Compounds 1–8, as well as three additional linear diterpenes (9–11), which we isolated from the same seaweed before, were tested against the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Several compounds moderately inhibited the growth of the MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC50 values ranging from 11.6 to 32.0 μg/mL. The present study carried out on the lipophilic extracts of the Irish B. bifurcata shows the enormous capacity of this seaweed to produce a large palette of acyclic diterpenes with diverse oxygenation and substitution patterns and promising bioactivities.
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Yuan, Chun Ying, Shuo Yang, Yue Wang, and Qing Man Cui. "Effect of Temperature on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of Sargassum muticum." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.747.
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Under the laboratory conditions, the effect of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25, 30°C) on growth and biochemical composition of Sargassum muticum was studied, the results showed that: the optimum growth temperature of S.muticum was 15 °C in the range of 10-30 °C; the contents of chlorophyll a, carotenoid, soluble protein, soluble sugar and brown algae polyphenols were the highest at the temperature of 25 °C, it was speculated that these components appeared compensatory increase duo to the high temperature stress. The contents of these biochemical components were the lowest at 30 °C.
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Terawaki, Toshinobu. "Growth of Macro Brown Algae Ecklonia cava on Concrete Brocks Setted in Sandy Sea Bottom." PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 7 (1991): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.7.365.
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Baroud, Said, Saida Tahrouch, Khadija El Mehrach, Issam Sadki, Fadma Fahmi, and Abdelhakim Hatimi. "Effect of brown algae on germination, growth and biochemical composition of tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum)." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 20, no. 5 (July 2021): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.03.005.
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Choo, Kang-Sik, Hae-Nim Lee, Seong-Ah Shin, Hyeong-Jin Kim, Young-Seok Park, Sang-Ki Kim, and Ji-Youn Jung. "Induction of Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by a Brown Algae Extract." Journal of Life Science 26, no. 5 (May 30, 2016): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2016.26.5.555.
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Koh, C. H., and H. C. Shin. "Growth and size distribution of some large brown algae in Ohori, east coast of Korea." Hydrobiologia 204-205, no. 1 (September 1990): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00040238.
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Saderne, V., and M. Wahl. "Effect of Ocean acidification on growth, calcification and recruitment of calcifying and non-calcifying epibionts of brown algae." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2012): 3739–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-3739-2012.
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Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 are leading to an acidification of the oceans by 0.4 pH units in the course of this century according to the more severe model scenarios. The excess of CO2 could notably affect the benthic communities of calcifiers and macrophytes in different aspects (photosynthesis, respiration and calcification). Seaweeds are key species of nearshore benthic ecosystems of the Baltic Sea. They frequently are the substratum of fouling epibionts like bryozoans and tubeworms. Most of those species secrete calcified structures and could therefore be impacted by the seawater pCO2. On the other hand, the biological activity of the host may substantially modulate the pH and pCO2 conditions in the thallus boundary layer where the epibionts live. The aim of the present study was to test the sensitivity of seaweed macrofouling communities to higher pCO2 concentrations. Fragments of the macroalga Fucus serratus bearing the calcifiers Spirorbis spirorbis (Annelida) and Electra pilosa (Bryozoa) and the non-calcifier Alcyonidium gelatinosum (Bryozoa) were maintained for 30 days under three pCO2 conditions: natural 460 ± 59 μatm and enriched 1193 ± 166 μatm and 3150 ± 446 μatm. Our study showed a significant reduction of growth rates and recruitment of Spirorbis individuals only at the highest pCO2. At a finer temporal resolution, the tubeworm recruits exhibited enhanced calcification of 40% during irradiation hours compared to dark hours, presumably due to the effect of photosynthetic and respiratory activities of the host alga on the carbonate system. Electra colonies showed significantly increased growth rates at 1193 μatm. No effect on Alcyonidium colonies growth rates was observed. Those results suggest a remarkable resistance of the algal macro-epibiontic communities to the most elevated pCO2 foreseen in year 2100 for open ocean (~1000 μatm) conditions possibly due to the modulation of environmental conditions by the biological activities of the host alga.
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Sami, Fitriyanti Jumaetri, and Syamsu Nur. "Isolation, identification and biochemical studies of gallic acid from Turbinaria decurrens Bory." Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/crbb.2022.4.1/x7dd09ry.
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Cancer is one of the diseases that cause the biggest death in the world. The research for natural compounds derived from marine is very developed at this time, especially in algae. Brown algae have more phenolic content than other types of algae, T. decurrens Bory is one of the brown algae that had taken from the Indonesian island of Dutungan, South Sulawesi. Phenolic groups are also known to be able to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to isolate and identify compounds using spectrophotometer instruments. The isolates obtained were tested for anticancer activity against H460 and MCF-7 cells. Extraction was carried out by maceration method, fractionation was done by chromatography column eluent n-hexane:EtOAc: MeOH by increasing polarity. The structure determination is done based on the interpretation of FT-IR, 1D-NMR 1H,13C, and ESI-LCMS spectra data and anticancer activity test used MTT bioassay. The isolate is known as gallic acid, and the isolate was tested for anticancer activity against H460 and MCF-7 cells. The result is obtained IC50 value for H460 cells 5.69 μg/ml and MCF-7 cells 4.63 μg/ml. As a positive control used cisplatin with an IC50 value of 5.81 μg/ml against H460 cells and MCF-7 cells with a value of 5.59 μg/ml. Gallic acid has a higher toxic effect compared to cisplatin. One phenolic compound has been found in T. decurrens Bory which is gallic acid. Gallic acid has a higher toxic effect than cisplatin, this compound can be used as an anticancer agent.
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Djakatara, Paratiti Dewi, Grevo S. Gerung, Elvy L. Ginting, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Natalie D. C. Rumampuk, and Desy M. H. Mantiri. "AMPLIFIKASI DNA ALGA MERAH (RHODOPHYTA) Eucheuma sp." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.6.2.2018.21516.
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Indonesia is a rich source of biodiversity and having a richness species of marine organisms. Indonesia has around 17,000 islands, a suitable place for seaweed growth because of its long coastline. There are around 782 species of seaweed in Indonesia with 196 species of green algae, 134 species of brown algae, and 452 red algae. Any of various seaweeds that potential sources of revenue and mostly can be found around Indonesian waters is Eucheuma sp. including in red algae and can produce carrageenan. Algae Morphological characteristics can be influenced by environmental factors among others: water movement, sunlight, temperature, salinity, and degree of acidity (pH). Beside environmental factors, genetic factors can influence differences in production quality and morphological characteristics of algae. To distinguish morphological characteristics can be analyzed molecularly. In molecular analysis, important steps that must be taken are DNA isolation and genomic DNA amplification. Isolation of red algae DNA in this study using the CTAB method which was modified from Doyle and Doyle (1987), Allen (2006) and Nugroho et al. (2015). Amplification of red algae genomic DNA (Eucheuma sp.) Using COX2 and rbcL genes on PCR. The success of the genomic DNA isolation process and the amplification of COX2 and rbcL genes from Eucheuma sp. detected through UV transilluminator after going through a gel electrophoresis process. Based on this study, several modifications need to be carried out in the DNA isolation stage Eucheuma sp. by using the method of Doyle and Doyle (1987) modifications that need to be carried out include adding vitamin C and liquid nitrogen. Furthermore DNA of Eucheuma sp. successfully amplified by using F-577 and R-753 primers. Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber keanekaragaman hayati dan memiliki kekayaan spesies laut tertinggi. Indonesia memiliki sekitar 17.000 pulau, menjadi tempat yang cocok untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut karena garis pantainya yang panjang. Terdapat sekitar 782 spesies rumput laut di Indonesia dengan 196 spesies alga hijau, 134 spesies alga cokelat, dan 452 alga merah. Salah satu jenis rumput laut yang potensial dan banyak dijumpai di perairan Indonesia adalah Eucheuma sp. yang termasuk dalam alga merah dan dapat menghasilkan karaginan. Karakteristik morfologi alga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan antara lain : gerakan air, cahaya matahari, suhu, salinitas dan derajat keasaman (pH). Selain faktor lingkungan, faktor genetik dapat mempengaruhi perbedaan kualitas produksi dan karakteristik morfologi pada alga. Untuk membedakan karakteristik morfologi dapat dianalisis secara molekuler. Dalam analisis molekuler, langkah penting yang harus dilakukan adalah isolasi DNA dan amplifikasi DNA genomik. Isolasi DNA alga merah dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode CTAB yang di modifikasi dari Doyle dan Doyle, (1987), Allen, (2006) dan Nugroho dkk, (2015). Amplifikasi DNA genomik alga merah (Eucheuma sp.) menggunakan gen COX2 dan rbcL pada PCR. Keberhasilan proses isolasi DNA genomik dan amplifikasi gen COX2 dan rbcL dari Eucheuma sp. dideteksi melalui UV transilluminator setelah melalui proses elektroforesis gel. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, beberapa modifikasi perlu dilaksanakan dalam tahap isolasi DNA Eucheuma sp. dengan menggunakan metode Doyle dan Doyle, (1987) modifikasi yang perlu dilaksanakan meliputi penambahan vitamin C dan nitrogen cair. Selanjutnya DNA Eucheuma sp. berhasil diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan primer F-577 dan R-753.