Academic literature on the topic 'Brown algae Growth'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Brown algae Growth.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Brown algae Growth"
1
Hultgren, Kristin M., and Hannah Mittelstaedt. "Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.739.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea (Idotea) wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats (the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthalia floccosa) matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size: smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation experiments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits: brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats survived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that background matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods.
2
Mori, J. F., T. R. Neu, S. Lu, M. Händel, K. U. Totsche, and K. Küsel. "Iron encrustations on filamentous algae colonized by <i>Gallionella</i>-related bacteria in a metal-polluted freshwater stream." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2015): 7705–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-7705-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Filamentous macroscopic algae were observed in slightly acidic to circumneutral (pH 5.9~6.5) metal-rich stream water that leaked out in a former uranium-mining district (Ronneburg, Germany). These algae differ in color and morphology and were encrusted with Fe-deposits. To elucidate the potential interaction with Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), we collected algal samples at three time points during summer 2013 and studied the algae-bacteria-mineral compositions via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and a 16S and 18S rRNA gene based bacterial and algae community analysis. Surprisingly, sequencing analysis of 18S rRNA gene regions of green and brown algae revealed high homologies with the yellow-green freshwater algae Tribonema (99.9~100%). CLSM imaging indicates a loss of active chloroplasts in the algae cells, which may be responsible for the change in color in Tribonema. Fe(III)-precipitates on algal cells identified as ferrihydrite and schwertmannite were associated with microbes and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-like glycoconjugates. While the green algae were fully encrusted with Fe-precipitates, the brown algae often exhibited discontinuous series of precipitates. This pattern was likely due to the intercalary growth of algal filaments which allowed them to avoid fatal encrustation. 16S rRNA gene targeted studies based on DNA and RNA revealed that Gallionella-related FeOB dominated the bacterial RNA and DNA communities (70–97 and 63–96%, respectively) suggesting their contribution to Fe(II) oxidation. Quantitative PCR revealed higher Gallionella-related 16S rRNA gene copy numbers on the surface of green algae compared to the brown algae. The latter harbored a higher microbial diversity, including some putative predators of algae. Lower photosynthetic activities of the brown algae lead to reduced EPS production which may have enabled predator colonization. The differences observed between green and brown algae suggest that metal-tolerant Tribonema sp. provide suitable microenvironments for microaerophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria. However, high levels of iron orchres can be fatal to the alga.
3
MARTINS, NUNO T., CARLOS FREDERICO D. GURGEL, TRACEY M. SPOKES, and VALÉRIA CASSANO. "First record of Mikrosyphar zosterae (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the southern hemisphere and as an endophyte in the brown algal genera Leathesia and Colpomenia." Phytotaxa 497, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Several filamentous endophytic genera are assigned to the Phaeophyceae, in particular to the family Chordariaceae (Cormaci et al. 2012). Brown endophytic filamentous algae are known to cause infections in host marine algae (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Acting as pathogens, they may cause morphological, physiological and ecological changes in the host alga such as production of galls and wart-like spots, changes in metabolism and growth rates, and changes in survivorship and reproduction (Schoenrock et al. 2013; Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017; Gao et al. 2019). Among brown algal filamentous endophytes, the genus Mikrosyphar Kuckuck is relatively understudied. To date, only Mikrosyphar zosterae Kuckuck (1895: 177) was studied thoroughly (Ogandaga et al. 2016, 2017).
4
Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina, Daniel L. Falkoski, Ad Wiebenga, Klaas Timmermans, and Ronald P. de Vries. "Macroalgae Derived Fungi Have High Abilities to Degrade Algal Polymers." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010052.
Full textAbstract:
Marine fungi associated with macroalgae are an ecologically important group that have a strong potential for industrial applications. In this study, twenty-two marine fungi isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus sp. were examined for their abilities to produce algal and plant biomass degrading enzymes. Growth of these isolates on brown and green algal biomass revealed a good growth, but no preference for any specific algae. Based on the analysis of enzymatic activities, macroalgae derived fungi were able to produce algae specific and (hemi-)cellulose degrading enzymes both on algal and plant biomass. However, the production of algae specific activities was lower than the production of cellulases and xylanases. These data revealed the presence of different enzymatic approaches for the degradation of algal biomass by macroalgae derived fungi. In addition, the results of the present study indicate our poor understanding of the enzymes involved in algal biomass degradation and the mechanisms of algal carbon source utilization by marine derived fungi.
5
Li, Jun, Chao Cai, Chendong Yang, Jianghua Li, Tiantian Sun, and Guangli Yu. "Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 11 (August 6, 2019): 1290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190618143952.
Full textAbstract:
Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structural and biological features of brown algal polysaccharides, including alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins, and it highlights recently developed approaches used to obtain the oligo- and polysaccharides with defined structures. Functional modification of these polysaccharides promotes their advanced applications in biomedical materials for controlled release and targeted drug delivery, etc. Moreover, brown algal polysaccharides and their derivatives possess numerous biological activities with anticancer, anticoagulant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. In addition, we also discuss carbohydrate- based substrates from brown algae, which are currently in clinical and preclinical studies, as well as the marine drugs that are already on the market. The present review summarizes the recent development in carbohydratebased products from brown algae, with promising findings that could rapidly facilitate the future discovery of novel marine drugs.
6
El Semary, Nermin Adel, Howrah Mahdi, Abrar Alnoaim, Kawther Heji Alsofan, Sarah Ibrahim Almsthi, and Wed Saleh Albader. "Use of algae from an oasis in Saudi Arabia in production of biofuel and bio-fertilizer." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, no. 3 (October 28, 2018): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i3.38721.
Full textAbstract:
AlAhsa oasis in Saudi Arabia is one of the largest oases in the world. Algae, from this region have been under-explored in the past decades. A study was conducted with Chlorococcum strain to produce biofuel alongside the seaweed Hormophysa cuneiformis. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of fatty acid composition showed that the biodiesel obtained had limited number of unsaturated fatty acids as compared to the number of saturated fatty acids present, which indicates the stability of the produced biodiesel. Thereby the use of algal biomass for the production of biofuel is feasible. Moreover, the biomass may serve other different biotechnological applications. To further test this hypothesis, the aqueous extract of two different algae; one derived from the blue green alga (cyanobacterium) Phormidium sp. and the other from brown alga Hormophysa cuneiformis was used as liquid biofertiliser at concentrations of 50 and 10% of both algae. Sterilized Vigna seeds were soaked in the extracts for two days. Seeds were sown in sterilized soil and the germination percentage as well as shoot and root lengths were recorded for developing seedlings. The results showed that there was a significant increase in seed germination rate compared to control. Similarly, there was a significant increment in the length of root and root system compared to control with the 50% aqueous extract concentration being highest in growth parameters for brown alga followed by blue-green alga possibly due to the presence of growth stimulants in these extracts.
7
Kemenangan, Franklin R., Gaspar D. Manu, and Fransine B. Manginsela. "Growth Of Brown Algae, Padina australis, In The Coastal waters of Serei Village, West Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 5, no. 2 (April 17, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.5.2.2017.17003.
Full textAbstract:
Marine algae is one resource that has important economic value because it has cagar, carrageen and alginate ontent (Indriani and Sumiarsih, 1999). In the world of science, the word algae comes from the Greek , algor which means cold (Nontji, 2002). Padina australis is a species of marine algae belong to Phaeophyta Division (brown algae) which is commonly found in marine waters, from shallow to deep waters. This algae has a wide transparent brown sheet or filament shape. This study was aimed to observe the growth of algae P. australis by using case study method where samples of Padina algae taken from nature were placed into basket as container for culturing. While the technique used is cultivation using basket; in order to determine the growth, algae was analyzed further by measuring the maximum weight of P. australis living without substrate. Some environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, depth and tides were recorded to see their impact on the growth of P. australis. Serei village is the location of the research on the growth of this P. australis. The result also records that P. australis can only live about three weeks and after that die. The growth of P. australis was greatest in the 8th container weighing 23 gr.Keywords: Growth, Padina australis, Desa Serei ABSTRAKAlga laut adalah salah satu sumberdaya yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting karena memiliki kandungan agar, karaginan dan alginat (Indriani dan Sumiarsih, 1999). Dalam dunia ilmu pengetahuan, alga berasal dari bahasa Yunani yaitu Algor yang berarti dingin (Nontji, 2002). Padina australis merupakan spesies alga laut dari Divisi Phaeophyta (alga cokelat) yang pada umumnya tersebar di perairan laut, mulai perairan laut dangkal hingga perairan dalam. Alga ini memiliki bentuk lembaran atau filamen yang lebar yang berwarna cokelat transparan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan alga Padina australis lewat metode studi kasus dimana sampel alga Padina yang diambil dari alam kemudian ditempatkan ke dalam keranjang sebagai wadah budidaya alga Padina australis. Sedangkan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik budidaya dengan menggunakan keranjang. Pertumbuhan dianalisis berdasrakan pertambahan berat malsimum P. australis yang hidup tanpa substrat. Beberapa factor lingkungan antara lain suhu, salinitas, kedalaman dan pasang surut diukur untuk melihat dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan P. australis. Desa Serei merupakan lokasi dilakukannya penelitian pertumbuhan alga P. australis ini. Setelah dilakukan pengamatan P. australis hanya bisa hidup sekitar tiga minggu dan setelah itu mati dan hancur. Pertumbuhan P. australis paling besar terjadi pada wadah ke-8 dengan berat 23 gr. Kata kunci : Pertumbuhan, Padina australis, Desa Serei
8
Боголицын (Bogolitsyn), Константин (Konstantin) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich), Анна (Аnna) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) Дружинина (Druzhinina), Денис (Denis) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) Овчинников (Ovchinnikov), Платон (Platon) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Каплицин (Kaplitsin), Елена (Elena) Валерьевна (Valer'evna) Шульгина (Shulgina), and Анастасия (Аnastasiya) Эдуардовна (Eduardovna) Паршина (Parshina). "POLYPHENOLS OF BROWN ALGAE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018031898.
Full textAbstract:
The modern state of research of marine brown algae polyphenolic compounds – phlorotannins, is analyzed. The data on the content of phlorotannins in biomass are presented depending on the species of algae and the place of growth. The biosynthesis, morphology, accumulation in the thallus, the physicochemical properties and biological role of these compounds are considered. The classical methods of isolating phlorotannins from algae are described, as well as modern methods, such as ultrasonic, microwave, enzymatic extraction, liquid extraction under pressure and supercritical fluid extraction. The ways of selective extraction of these compounds from extracts by methods of liquid-phase and solid-phase extraction are considered. Methods for studying the polymer composition of phlorotannins like gel permeation chromatography and ultrafiltration are presented. In the review of methods for quantitative determination and structural analysis of phlorotannins, special attention is paid to methods of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry using various ionization methods. The significant biological activity of phlorotannins is shown, which is represented by antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and other activities, which determines the prospects for the practical application of these polyphenolic compounds as therapeutic and prophylactic agents in the food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries.
9
Nurjannah, K. A. I., N. A. Amaliah, M. Junda, N. Iriany, A. T. Makkulawu, H. Karim, A. A. Azis, Y. A. Djawad, and O. Jumadi. "The influence of fermented brown algae extract (Sargassum sp.) on corn plant growth (Zea mays L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 911, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012051.
Full textAbstract:
Abstracts Brown Algae Extract is one of the ingredients used in organic fertilizers that is more effective for maximizing the growth and production of corn plants. This study aims to determine the effect of fermented brown algae extract on the growth of corn. The research was conducted in Sokkolia Field, Gowa District. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The first treatment was algae extract which was inoculated by Trichoderma harzianum and Gliocladium sp. Bacillus subtilis and Paenybacillus polymyxa as well as unfermented algae extract. The algae extract was applied to corn by spraying. The parameters observed were plant height, stem circumference, cob length (cm), cob diameter, number of rows of seeds. The results showed that application of algae extract improved the quality and quantity of corn growth compared to the UPK (Urea + Phosphate + Potassium) control.
10
Al Monla, Reem, Zeina Dassouki, Nouha Sari-Chmayssem, Hiba Mawlawi, and Hala Gali-Muhtasib. "Fucoidan and Alginate from the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa and Their Combination with Vitamin C Trigger Apoptosis in Colon Cancer." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020358.
Full textAbstract:
Brown seaweeds are producers of bioactive molecules which are known to inhibit oncogenic growth. Here, we investigated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of two polysaccharides from the brown algae Colpomenia sinuosa, namely fucoidan and alginate, in a panel of cancer cell lines and evaluated their effects when combined with vitamin C. Fucoidan and alginate were isolated from brown algae and characterized by HPLC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that highly sulfated fucoidans had higher antioxidant and cytotoxic effects than alginate. Human colon cancer cells were the most sensitive to the algal treatments, with fucoidan having an IC50 value (618.9 µg/mL−1) lower than that of alginate (690 µg/mL−1). The production of reactive oxygen species was increased upon treatment of HCT-116 cells with fucoidan and alginate, which suggest that these compounds may trigger cell death via oxidative damage. The combination of fucoidan with vitamin C showed enhanced effects compared to treatment with fucoidan alone, as evidenced by the significant inhibitory effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cell viability. The combination of the algal polysaccharides with vitamin C caused enhanced degeneration in the nuclei of cells, as evidenced by DAPI staining and increased the subG1 population, suggesting the induction of cell death. Together, these results suggest that fucoidan and alginate from the brown algae C. sinuosa are promising anticancer compounds, particularly when used in combination with vitamin C.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brown algae Growth"
1
Rabillé, Hervé. "Biophysical and cellular mechanisms of tip-growth in the brown alga Ectocarpus sp." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS597.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La croissance apicale (CA) est un mode d’élongation cellulaire extrêmement polarisée, au cours duquel la croissance en surface n’a lieu qu’à un site réduit de la cellule. Elle a lieu dans de nombreux groupes taxonomiques, et représente donc un système idéal pour des études « évo-devo » des mécanismes fondamentaux de morphogenèse cellulaire sur tout l’arbre du vivant. Néanmoins, l’étude de la CA chez les eucaryotes s’est principalement concentrée sur les plantes terrestres et les champignons, laissant de côté les autres groupes. Pour combler ce déficit de connaissances, les macroalgues brunes sont particulièrement intéressantes du fait de leur histoire évolutive unique, des spécificités de leurs structures cellulaires et des conditions physiques de leur milieu, qui ont probablement résulté en l’acquisition de mécanismes de morphogenèse originaux. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai entrepris de caractériser les mécanismes de la CA chez Ectocarpus sp., une espèce modèle pour les algues brunes. Pour cela, j’ai mesuré le patron du taux d’expansion de la paroi à l’apex des cellules apicales, ainsi que la pression de turgescence, la courbure de surface et l’épaisseur de paroi, afin d’alimenter un modèle viscoplastique de CA. Ce modèle a permis de prédire que le patron d’extension de la paroi dans la cellule apicale n’est pas contrôlé par un gradient de propriétés mécaniques de la paroi, mais par un gradient d’épaisseur de paroi. En outre, la mesure expérimentale de la déformabilité pariétale immédiate (principalement de nature élastique) a mis en évidence un gradient inverse de déformabilité mécanique, opposé à celui qui serait attendu si cette propriété contrôlait l’aptitude de la paroi à croître. Par ailleurs, si l’abondance globale en alginates, un composant majeur de la paroi des algues brunes, semble contrôler la rigidité de la paroi où le stress de tension est élevé, les blocs mannuronates semblent aussi importants que les blocs guluronates dans cette fonction. Enfin, nous avons montré que chez Ectocarpus, les filaments d’actine (FAs) sont indispensables pour restreindre la croissance pariétale dans le dôme apical, et donc dans la mise en place de la forme tubulaire dans la région subapicale. Le marquage fluorescent des FAs a montré l’existence d’une « coiffe apicale » sous le dôme, une structure commune à plusieurs autres groupes, qui apparait nécessaire pour le renforcement mécanique de la fine paroi à l’apex. Ces données suggèrent donc que les FAs pourraient contrôler le patron d’expansion de la paroi le long de la cellule en exerçant une influence directement mécanique sur la paroi cellulaire. Dans leur ensemble, les résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse démontrent que les mécanismes biophysiques de la CA chez Ectocarpus sont radicalement différents de ceux rencontrés chez les plantes terrestres et les champignons. À l’avenir, ils permettront la caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant la CA chez les algues brunes, et ouvrent ainsi la voie à de futures études évo-devo de ce mode particulier de morphogenèse cellulaireTip-growth (TG) is a universal mode of polarized cell elongation, during which the growth activity is restricted to the pole of the cell. Its wide taxonomic occurrence makes it an ideal model system for evo-devo studies of basic mechanisms of cell morphogenesis across the tree of life. Nevertheless, in eukaryotes, TG studies have mainly focused on land plants and True Fungi, leaving the over taxa largely underexplored. To fill in this knowledge gap, brown macroalgae are particularly appealing because of their unique evolutionary history, their particular cellular structures and their physical environment that have likely resulted in the acquisition of original morphogenetic mechanisms. During this thesis, I aimed to characterise the biophysical mechanisms of TG in Ectocarpus sp., a model species for brown algae. To do so, I measured the pattern of wall strain rate at the apex as well as the turgor pressure, the cell surface curvature and the wall thickness, in order to supply a viscoplastic model of TG with biological parameters. The model predicted that the wall expansion pattern in the apical cell is not determined by a gradient of wall intrinsic mechanical properties, but instead by a gradient of wall thickness. Moreover, experimental measurements of immediate wall deformability (mainly elastic) evidenced an inverted gradient of wall deformability, opposite to that expected if this property was to control the ability of the wall to expand. While the global abundance in alginates, a major component of the wall, seems to impact the wall stiffness where the stress is high, both mannuronate and guluronate blocks appeared necessary for this function. Finally, we have demonstrated that in Ectocarpus, the actin filaments (AFs) are also indispensable to restrict growth at the apical tip and so in the establishment of the tubular shape in the subapical region. Fluorescent staining of AFs showed an “apical cap” under the dome, a structure common to several other groups, that seems involved in mechanically reinforcing the thin wall at the tip. These data suggest that AFs could control the wall strain pattern along the apical cell by exerting a direct mechanical influence on the wall. Overall, the results obtained during my PhD demonstrate that the biophysical mechanism of TG in Ectocarpus is radically different from that found in land plants and fungi. They pave the way for uncovering the molecular pathways that regulate TG in this group, and thus for future promising evo-devo studies of this particular mode of cellular morphogenesis
2
Haddad, Abdul-Majeid Ghalib. "On the growth and productivity of the brown alga Fucus serratus L. on the Yorkshire coast, with special reference to inorganic nutrients." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241088.
Full text
3
Papenfus, Heino Benoni. "Polyamines in Ecklonia maxima and their effects on plant growth." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8526.
Full textAbstract:
Kelpak®, a seaweed concentrate (SWC) prepared from the brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss, improves overall plant mass and fruit yield in a variety of crops. The main active principals isolated from Kelpak® are cytokinins and auxins. Although these compounds are partly responsible for the growth promoting effect observed with Kelpak® application, they do not fully account for the complete effect of Kelpak® treatment. For this reason the focus has turned to polyamines (PAs) which are found in all cells of plants, animals and microorganisms, including eukaryotic algae. Polyamines also have growth promoting effects in plants. A study was carried out to investigate the PA levels in E. maxima and Kelpak® through a biennial cycle and to investigate if the PAs present in Kelpak® may have an effect on root growth, alleviating nutrient deficiency and the transport and accumulation of PAs in plants.
To determine the amount of PA in the stipes, fronds and SWC prepared from E. maxima, samples were collected monthly over a two-year period (June 2009-June 2011). Extracts were benzoylated and quantified using a Varian HPLC. Putrescine concentrations ranged from 15.98-54.46 μg.g⁻¹, 6.01-40.46 μg.g⁻¹ and 50.66-220.49 μg.g⁻¹ DW in the stipe, fronds and SWC, respectively. Spermine concentrations ranged from 1.02-35.44 μg.g⁻¹, 1.05-26.92 μg.g⁻¹ and 7.28-118.52 μg.g⁻¹ DW in the stipe, fronds and SWC, respectively. Spermidine concentrations fell below the detection threshold. This is the first report of PAs being detected in a SWC. The seasonal pattern established for the stipe, frond and SWC followed the same trend over a biennial cycle. Polyamines accumulated in the seaweed tissue during periods of active growth and as a stress response elicited by rough wave action. This PA trend was similar to the cytokinin trend reported by MOONEY and VAN STADEN (1984b) for Sargassum heterophyllum which suggests that PAs play an important role in the hormone cascade during active growth.
Routine monthly screening of Kelpak® carried out in the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development indicated that Kelpak® consistently resulted in more rooting in the mung bean bioassay than the IBA control. The potential root promoting effect of PAs were investigated. Individually applied PAs did not increase rooting in the mung bean bioassay, but a synergistic relationship was observed between Put (10⁻³ M) and IBA (10⁻⁴ M). When applied together, rooting increased significantly above Put (10⁻³ M) and IBA (10⁻⁴ M) applied separately. The Put-auxin combination produced a similar number of roots to those treated with Kelpak®. It is possible that the PAs present in Kelpak® have a synergistic effect with auxins present in Kelpak® to promote root development and growth. Several physiological effects of Kelpak® and PAs on plant growth were investigated in a series of pot trials. Kelpak® significantly improved the growth of P- and K-deficient okra seedlings and masked the detrimental effects exerted by P- and K-deficiency. The application of PAs (10⁻⁴ M) significantly improved the seedling vigour index (SVI) of okra seedlings subjected to N-deficiency. The statistical difference was attributed to the N-containing growth regulators and polyamines being degraded and metabolized by the okra seedlings. Polyamine application did not alleviate P- and K-deficiency but increased root growth significantly in seedlings receiving an adequate supply of nutrients. It is likely that the additional PAs supported auxin-mediated root growth.
A pot trial with okra plants was conducted to establish if the PAs in Kelpak®, applied as a soil drench or foliar application, are absorbed and translocated in a plant. Plants were also treated with Put, Spm, Spd to establish if PAs can be absorbed and translocated. Once the fruit had matured, plants were harvested and the endogenous PA content quantified by HPLC in the roots, stems and fruits. Applying PAs as a soil drench was not as effective as a foliar spray at increasing the PA content in the different plant parts. Kelpak® treatment (0.4%) did not contribute more PAs in any plant part. Spermidine concentrations were higher, in the various plant parts, than Put or Spm, irrespective of the mode of application. The application of Put, Spd and Spm increased Spd concentrations in the roots. Considering that Spd is the main PA produced in the roots and that exogenously applied PAs are readily converted to Spd, it seems evident that Spd is the preferred PA for long-distance transport in plants. The cytokinins and auxins in Kelpak® play an important role in stimulating growth in plants. It is, however, the totality of different compounds in Kelpak® that gives it its unique growth stimulating ability. Polyamines, occurring within the seaweed contribute to this activity, having an active role in root production and thus increased plant growth.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
4
Sung, Yan-Ting, and 宋彥霆. "Studies on growth of exotic populations of the brown alga - Sargassum fusiforme - from the eastern coast of Keelung City, northeastern Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5b2se3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋生物研究所
105
Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Okamura (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) is one of the exotic brown seaweeds found abundantly in the intertidal zone along the coastline of northeastern Taiwan in the recent years. It is commonly distributed in the temperate region of northwestern Pacific, including China, Japan and Korea. Attached populations of S. fusiforme were first documented at JinShan in 2003. This species spread rapidly over the northeastern Taiwan in 2010, where abundant populations were discovered along the coast of BaDouzi in the eastern Keelung in particular. In order to understand the seasonal growth of the exotic S. fusiforme in the northeastern Taiwan, as well as the possible impact of the invasive seaweeds on the native populations, this study was set in two sites (WangHaiXiang and ChaoJing) along the coast of BaDouZi in the eastern Keelung. Changes in the growth of eighteen S. fusiforme populations which are less susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance were monitored in situ on a seasonal basis. Site survey was conducted for a total of sixteen times between July in 2015 and October in the subsequent year. The coverage of each population was estimated using the quadrat method and recorded in photographs, and the thallus length was measured to document the changes in growth. The results revealed an obvious change in the growth of S. fusiforme populations in the eastern Keelung on a seasonal basis that can be categorized into four stages, including the senescence and degeneration, regeneration, growth, and sexual reproduction. The seaweed thallus structures detached from main axes in the summer through autumn (between July and October in 2015). Regeneration from the perennial parts (holdfasts region and stipes) grew slowly during the autumn and winter (between October in 2015 and February in 2016). The seaweeds began to grow rapidly and began to develop lateral branches as the seawater temperature increased gradually in the spring (between March and April in 2016). At the end of the spring and the beginning of summer when the daylight hours prolonged (April and May in 2016), receptacles began to develop at the upper portion of seaweed thalli. After May in 2016, the seaweed thalli began to wither away due to the increased temperature in the summer. The growth pattern of S. fusiforme in northeastern Taiwan was correlated to changes in the seawater temperature, wave intensity and sunlight intensity. Rapid growth was documented for the seaweeds when the seawater temperature was between 18 and 24°C (February to April in 2016). Populations in the enclosed area less affected by wave actions (i.e. WangHaiXiang) tend to grow better. Seaweeds from the unsheltered populations exposed to prolonged sunlight withered easily, and failed to develop new branches from the perennial holdfast even when the seawater temperature declined. As such, intense sunlight and high seawater temperature in the summer appeared to be the limiting factors that restricted the growth of the invasive S. fusiforme in Taiwan. Although significant influence of the exotic S. fusiforme on the ecology of native macroalgae in eastern Keelung has yet to be discovered, actual impact of the exotic S. fusiforme on the ecology of native seaweeds in the northeastern Taiwan requires further investigation as the current study was conducted only for a brief period of less than two years.
Book chapters on the topic "Brown algae Growth"
1
Koh, C. H., and H. C. Shin. "Growth and size distribution of some large brown algae in Ohori, east coast of Korea." In Thirteenth International Seaweed Symposium, 225–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2049-1_32.
Full text
2
Reis, K., Y. Yoneshigue-Valentin, D. O. Hall, and C. P. dos Santos. "Growth Analysis of the Brown Alga Laminaria abyssalis (Phaeophyta)." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 2217–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_521.
Full text
3
Gallager, Scott M., Diane K. Stoecker, and V. Monica Bricelj. "Effects of the Brown Tide Alga on Growth, Feeding Physiology and Locomotory Behavior of Scallop Larvae (Argopecten irradians)." In Novel Phytoplankton Blooms, 511–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75280-3_29.
Full text
4
Gallager, Scott M., Diane K. Stoecker, and V. Monica Bricelj. "Effects of the brown tide alga on growth, feeding physiology and locomotory behavior of scallop larvae (Argopecten irradians)." In Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 511–41. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce035p0511.
Full text
5
Levy, Sharon. "Wild Things." In The Marsh Builders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246402.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
A group of sea otters laze at the edge of Elkhorn Slough. They float on their backs in the steel- gray water, paws folded against their chests, gazing at the small boat steered by ecologist Brent Hughes of the University of California– Santa Cruz. Hughes has documented a profound shift in the slough’s ecology, triggered by the otters. Sea otters were nearly driven to extinction by fur hunters in the 1800s, and were gone from Elkhorn Slough for a century. In 1984, when the first sea otters recolonized, Elkhorn Slough’s once bountiful eelgrass beds had dwindled to a few small, scattered patches. Now, more than thirty years after the sea otters’ return, expanding eelgrass beds grow lush beneath the water’s surface, the dense leaves sheltering juvenile fish and feeding an array of invertebrate grazers. The slough, on the central California coast, is one of the most severely polluted estuaries on the planet. Artificial fertilizer applied to 2.69 million acres of farmland in the neighboring Salinas Valley runs into its waters. The excess nutrient load causes eutrophication. It also fuels the growth of epiphytic algae that thrive on the surface of eelgrass leaves, blocking the sunlight the grass needs and smothering whole beds. The problem is common in estuaries around the globe, which receive heavy loads of nutrients from rivers draining polluted watersheds. Seagrass meadows filter contaminants from water and prevent coastal erosion in addition to acting as nurseries for fish and invertebrates. These crucial habitats are disappearing. The global distribution of seagrasses has decreased by 29 percent over the last 140 years, and 58 percent of the surviving seagrass meadows are in decline. Nutrient pollution of coastal waters had long been thought to be the main driver of this trend. But in Elkhorn Slough, the eelgrass has made a remarkable comeback even as pollution loads continued to climb. The mechanism of this welcome ecological shift was unknown until Hughes demonstrated that sea otters are the key. He began to put the pieces of the puzzle together when he went diving in Tomales Bay, an unpolluted estuary to the north. The eelgrass in Elkhorn Slough was lush and green despite intense pollution; in Tomales Bay, where there are no sea otters, the eelgrass was a dull brown, smothering under epiphytic algae.
6
Wohl, Ellen. "September: Alternate Realities." In Saving the Dammed. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943523.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
The first week of September mostly feels like summer. The air on the dry terrace bordering the beaver meadow is richly scented with pine. Purple aster, blue harebells, and tall, yellow black-eyed Susan still bloom. Fungi are more abundant on the forest floor, and the tiny, purplish berries of kinnikinnick are sweet to the taste. The air is warm in the sunshine, but strong winds hurry rain showers through at intervals. Patches of last year’s snow linger on the surrounding peaks, even as the first light snows have already fallen in the high country. Down in the beaver meadow, the leaves of aspen, willow, birch, and alder are starting to assume their autumn colors. Here and there a small patch of yellow or orange appears among the green. Blades of grass have a pale orange tint and the strawberry leaves have gone scarlet, even as white asters, purple thistles, and a few other flowers continue to bloom. The creek is noticeably lower, its cobble bed slick with rust-brown algae. Exposed cobble and sandbars have grown wider as the water has shrunk back from the edge of the willows, and the main channel is easy to cross on foot. The clear water is chillingly cold in both the main channel and the side channels. The smaller side channels no longer flow, and a drape of mud mixed with bits of plants covers the cobbles. Wood deposited a year ago has weathered to pale gray. The older, marginal beaver ponds have shrunk noticeably, and the water is lower in the main ponds, where tall sedges now lie bent on the top of the declining water surface. The beavers remain active: following fresh moose tracks, I come on a newly built beaver dam on a small side channel. By the third week of September, autumn has clearly arrived in the mountains. The air remains quite warm during the day, but nights of frost are swiftly bringing out the autumn colors. Whole stands of willows and aspen now glow golden or pumpkin-orange.
7
Wohl, Ellen. "April: Six Degrees of Connectivity." In Saving the Dammed. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943523.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
By late April, the snow is gone from the beaver meadow. The promises of March are starting to be fulfilled: insects are on the wing, some of the willows have furry catkins along their branches, and fish jump from the quiet waters of the beaver ponds. I can no longer easily get around the beaver meadows on foot unless I wear chest waders. The sound of the beaver meadow in March was primarily wind. By April, the sound is primarily moving water. The water gurgles, shushes, and whispers. In another month it will roar with the melting snows. Another three miles up the creek valley and 1,500 feet higher, one of my long-term study sites still lies under 6 feet of snow, but in the meadow I see only one patch of tenacious snow-ice in the deep shade beneath a spruce along the northern edge of the meadow. I know that snow will still fall here during late spring storms, but it will melt quickly. March felt on the cusp, as if it could as easily tip toward winter or spring. Late April is definitely spring headed toward summer. The beaver meadow remains a riverscape more brown and tan than green. The willows are still leafless, although some of the branch tips are turning pale yellow-green and others seem to be taking on a more vivid orange hue. I can see the leaf buds starting to swell. The grass has just begun to grow in dark green tips steadily forcing their way through the thick mat of last year’s dead stems. Clusters of new leaves on low-growing wintergreen are the only other sign of green outside of the channels. Some of the smaller side channels are thick with emerald green algae undulating slowly in the current. A stonefly lands on my hand. Its slender, dark gray body seems surprisingly delicate for a creature that has hatched into the vagaries of April air, with its potential for blasting winds and sudden snow squalls.
Conference papers on the topic "Brown algae Growth"
1
Egorova, E. V., N. G. Klochkova, A. V. Klimova, and A. N. Kashutin. "KAMCHATKA BROWN ALGAE EUALARIA FISTULOSA, LAMINARIA BONGARDIANA AND FUCUS EVANESCENS AS GROWTH STIMULATORS OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS." In IV International Conference ”Science and society - Methods and problems of practical application". Prague: Premier Publishing s.r.o., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/iv-conf-canada-4-63-67.
Full text
2
Sunarwidhi, Anggit Listyacahyani, Sonia Ardilla Pebriani, Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari, Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya, and Haji Sunarpi. "Growth and yield of rice plants frown in media containing several formulations of brown algae organic fertilizer." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOSCIENCE, BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND BIOMETRICS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141319.
Full text
3
Tiron, Roxana, Sarah Gallagher, Kenneth Doherty, Emmanuel G. Reynaud, Frédéric Dias, Fionn Mallon, and Trevor Whittaker. "An Experimental Study of the Hydrodynamic Effects of Marine Growth on Wave Energy Converters." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10698.
Full textAbstract:
Even though the outstanding energy resource provided by ocean surface waves has long been recognized, the extraction of wave power is still in its infancy. Meanwhile, the increased interest in sustainable energy alternatives could lead to large-scale deployments of wave energy convertors (WECs) worldwide in the near future. In this context, the interaction of WECs with the marine environment is an issue that has come under increased scrutiny. In particular, the accumulation of biological deposits on the device (commonly referred to as biofouling) could lead to a modification in the behaviour and performance of the device design. For coastal devices in the North-Eastern Atlantic region, the main contributors to biofouling are likely to be the brown algae from the genus Laminaria. In the experimental study described in this paper, we have investigated the effects of algal growth on a scale model of the Oyster 800 WEC, a technology developed by Aquamarine Power. The experiments were carried out in the wave tank at Queens University Belfast. The algal growth on the device has been emulated with plastic stripes attached on the surface of the device. Several configurations with various placements and stripe dimensions were tested, in sea states typical to the targeted deployment sites. Our experiments were designed as a worst-case scenario and provide first insights into the potential effects of biofouling on the performance of a WEC. The experiments indicate that the effects of biofouling could be significant and suggest the need for further investigation.
4
Sunarpi, Haji, Sonia Ardilla Pebriani, Yogi Ambana, Fadhillah Eka Putri, Aluh Nikmatullah, Mursal Ghazali, Rina Kurnianingsih, and Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya. "Effect of inorganic fertilizer and brown alga solid ectract on growth and yield of rice plants." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOSCIENCE, BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND BIOMETRICS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141320.
Full text