Journal articles on the topic 'Brown algae Development'
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1
Coelho, Susana M., and J. Mark Cock. "Brown Algal Model Organisms." Annual Review of Genetics 54, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-030620-093031.
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Model organisms are extensively used in research as accessible and convenient systems for studying a particular area or question in biology. Traditionally, only a limited number of organisms have been studied in detail, but modern genomic tools are enabling researchers to extend beyond the set of classical model organisms to include novel species from less-studied phylogenetic groups. This review focuses on model species for an important group of multicellular organisms, the brown algae. The development of genetic and genomic tools for the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus has led to it emerging as a general model system for this group, but additional models, such as Fucus or Dictyota dichotoma, remain of interest for specific biological questions. In addition, Saccharina japonica has emerged as a model system to directly address applied questions related to algal aquaculture. We discuss the past, present, and future of brown algal model organisms in relation to the opportunities and challenges in brown algal research.
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Li, Jun, Chao Cai, Chendong Yang, Jianghua Li, Tiantian Sun, and Guangli Yu. "Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 11 (August 6, 2019): 1290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190618143952.
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Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structural and biological features of brown algal polysaccharides, including alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins, and it highlights recently developed approaches used to obtain the oligo- and polysaccharides with defined structures. Functional modification of these polysaccharides promotes their advanced applications in biomedical materials for controlled release and targeted drug delivery, etc. Moreover, brown algal polysaccharides and their derivatives possess numerous biological activities with anticancer, anticoagulant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. In addition, we also discuss carbohydrate- based substrates from brown algae, which are currently in clinical and preclinical studies, as well as the marine drugs that are already on the market. The present review summarizes the recent development in carbohydratebased products from brown algae, with promising findings that could rapidly facilitate the future discovery of novel marine drugs.
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Pangestuti, Ratih, and Singgih Wibowo. "Prospects and Health Promoting Effects of Brown Algal-derived Natural Pigments." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i1.26.
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Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate novel bioactive compounds from marine resources. Among marine resources, marine brown algae are considered valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds such as chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll has been known for its antioxidant activity; meanwhile carotenoid is well known for its anticancer and anti-obesity properties. Therefore, marine brown algal-derived natural pigments have great potential for further development of valuable products in nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical areas. This contribution presents an overview of potential health benefits properties, and prospects of natural pigments derived from marine brown algae. Keywords: Marine algae, natural pigments, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical.
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Wu, Yukun, Pengyan Zhang, Zhourui Liang, Yanmin Yuan, Maohong Duan, Yi Liu, Di Zhang, and Fuli Liu. "Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Aureochrome Gene Family in Saccharina japonica and a Comparative Analysis with Six Other Algae." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162088.
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Aureochrome (AUREO) is a kind of blue light photoreceptor with both LOV and bZIP structural domains, identified only in Stramenopiles. It functions as a transcription factor that responds to blue light, playing diverse roles in the growth, development, and reproduction of Stramenopiles. Most of its functions are currently unknown, especially in the economically important alga S. japonica farmed on a large scale. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of AUREO gene families in seven algae, focusing on the AUREOs of S. japonica. AUREO genes were strictly identified from seven algal genomes. Then AUREO phylogenetic tree was constructed from 44 conserved AUREO genes collected. These AUREO genes were divided into five groups based on phylogenetic relationships. A total of 28 genes unnamed previously were named according to the phylogenetic tree. A large number of different cis-acting elements, especially bZIP transcription factors, were discovered upstream of AUREO genes in brown algae. Different intron/exon structural patterns were identified among all AUREOs. Transcriptomic data indicated that the expression of Sj AUREO varied significantly during the different development stages of S. japonica gametophytes. Periodic rhythms of light induction experiments indicate that Sj AUREO existed in a light-dependent circadian expression pattern, differing from other similar studies in the past. This may indicate that blue light affects gametophyte development through AUREO as a light signal receptor. This study systematically identified and analyzed the AUREO gene family in seven representative brown algae, which lay a good foundation for further study and understanding of AUERO functions in agal growth and development.
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Gunathilaka, Thilina L., Kalpa Samarakoon, Pathmasiri Ranasinghe, and L. Dinithi C. Peiris. "Antidiabetic Potential of Marine Brown Algae—a Mini Review." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (April 25, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1230218.
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Marine algae are an important source of bioactive metabolites in drug development and nutraceuticals. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and the third leading cause of death worldwide due to lifestyle changes associated with rapid urbanization. Due to the adverse side effects of currently available antidiabetic drugs, search for an effective natural-based antidiabetic drug is important to combat diabetes and its complications. Therefore, in lieu with herbal drug development, it is important to find the potential benefits of seaweeds for the management of type 2 diabetes as they are underexplored yet in Sri Lanka. Among the marine seaweeds, natural bioactive compounds are abundant in brown algae with potentials in application as active ingredients in drug leads and nutraceuticals. Bioactive secondary metabolites are derived from numerous biosynthetic pathways of marine algae which contribute to various chemical and biological properties. Phlorotannins present in marine brown algae exhibited antidiabetic activities through different mechanisms such as the inhibitory effect of enzyme targets mainly by inhibiting the enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), aldose reductase, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) enzyme. In addition, phlorotannins derived from brown algae have the ability to reduce diabetic complications. Hence, the present review focuses on the different antidiabetic mechanisms of secondary bioactive compounds present in marine brown algae.
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Smertina, E. S., L. N. Fedyanina, V. A. Lyakh, and K. F. Kurapova. "Prospects for the development of bakery products enriched with seaweed lipid fractions." Khleboproducty 31, no. 9 (2022): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2022-31-9-52-56.
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The paper presents the results of studying the lipid composition of bakery products (HBI) with the addition of new ingredients to its formulation - water-ethanol extracts, four types of seaweed: green algae – Ulva lactuca; two types of brown algae – Sargassum pallidum and Japanese saccharin; red algae – Anfeltia tobuchinskaya, containing the main lipids – neutral lipids and glycolipids. The data obtained showed a change in the lipid composition of the developed bread. A statistically significant increase in all fractions of neutral lipids was registered in the developed CBI, a decrease in the amount of cholesterol and its cholesterol esters, compared with those in control samples. An increase in the amount of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) in bread with the addition of kelp and anfeltia extracts was noted; a significant increase in phosphatidylethanolamine in bread with the introduction of all algal extracts. The revealed facts demonstrate the stability of lipid fractions in the composition of CBI with the addition of algae extracts and are positive in terms of giving them preventive properties. Particularly indicative is the appearance of the phosphatidylglycerol fraction in bread, which is the basis for the synthesis of other phospholipid compounds from it, which are essential substances that enter the human body exclusively through food, reducing the risks and consequences of adverse environmental factors affecting the body.
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Grillo, Giorgio, Silvia Tabasso, Roberto Solarino, Giancarlo Cravotto, Clarissa Toson, Elena Ghedini, Federica Menegazzo, and Michela Signoretto. "From Seaweeds to Cosmeceutics: A Multidisciplinar Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 13443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313443.
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Macroalgae are widespread on the coasts of all the globe and lead to a negative ecological impact, requiring expensive remediations. Therefore, the valorization of invasive seaweed as a renewable source of bioactive products could represent a valid solution. In this context, three algal biomasses, belonging to brown, green, and red families (Sargassum muticum, Ulva lactuca, Solieria filiformis), collected in the venetian Laguna, were investigated as a source of active compounds for the formulation of cosmeceutics. Microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) were applied to enhance the algae extraction by means of a hydroalcoholic solution. According to total phenolic content (TPC) evaluation, MW demonstrated the best performing outcomes, resulting in 19.77, 22.02, and 16.94 mgGAE/gExtr (30 min at 90 °C) for brown, green, and red algae, respectively. Antioxidant activity was tested as well, showing comparable trends (49.19, 26.24, and 3.02 mmolTrolox eq./gExtr for brown, green, and red algae, respectively). Due to natural algae predisposition to absorb contaminants, the metal content analysis helped to screen the applicability of these extracts, identifying Ulva lactuca as the most suitable source of antioxidants for cosmetic formulations. This MW extract was then adopted to formulate two different preparations, namely a gel and an emulsion. Thermal and mechanical tests confirmed the stability of each formulation, together with neutral organoleptic characteristics. Finally, the actives release was investigated by means of a tape stripping essay, showing an efficient controlled release for gel formulation, even after 7 h of test. The produced cosmeceutics merged non-conventional extraction technologies with formulation expertise, offering a valuable alternative to solve the macroalgae disposal issue.
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Cerutti, Heriberto, Xinrong Ma, Joseph Msanne, and Timothy Repas. "RNA-Mediated Silencing in Algae: Biological Roles and Tools for Analysis of Gene Function." Eukaryotic Cell 10, no. 9 (July 29, 2011): 1164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.05106-11.
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ABSTRACTAlgae are a large group of aquatic, typically photosynthetic, eukaryotes that include species from very diverse phylogenetic lineages, from those similar to land plants to those related to protist parasites. The recent sequencing of several algal genomes has provided insights into the great complexity of these organisms. Genomic information has also emphasized our lack of knowledge of the functions of many predicted genes, as well as the gene regulatory mechanisms in algae. Core components of the machinery for RNA-mediated silencing show widespread distribution among algal lineages, but they also seem to have been lost entirely from several species with relatively small nuclear genomes. Complex sets of endogenous small RNAs, including candidate microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, have now been identified by high-throughput sequencing in green, red, and brown algae. However, the natural roles of RNA-mediated silencing in algal biology remain poorly understood. Limited evidence suggests that small RNAs may function, in different algae, in defense mechanisms against transposon mobilization, in responses to nutrient deprivation and, possibly, in the regulation of recently evolved developmental processes. From a practical perspective, RNA interference (RNAi) is becoming a promising tool for assessing gene function by sequence-specific knockdown. Transient gene silencing, triggered with exogenously synthesized nucleic acids, and/or stable gene repression, involving genome-integrated transgenes, have been achieved in green algae, diatoms, yellow-green algae, and euglenoids. The development of RNAi technology in conjunction with system level “omics” approaches may provide the tools needed to advance our understanding of algal physiological and metabolic processes.
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Domingos, Thaisa Francielle Souza, Carla Carvalho, Laura de Andrade Moura, Valéria Laneuville Teixeira, Renato Crespo Pereira, Έverson Miguel Bianco, Wilton José Ferreira, et al. "Antilonomic Effects of Brazilian Brown Seaweed Extracts." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 8 (August 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400811.
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The aim of this work was to investigate the hemolysis and blood clotting activity of Lomonia obliqua venom and the ability of some Brazilian marine algal extracts ( Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Stypopodium zonale and Dictyota pfaffi) to antagonize such biological activities. L. obliqua caterpillars are dangerous to human beings and envenomation symptoms are characterized by hemorrhagic, hemolytic and blood clotting disorders, and acute renal failure, which sometimes lead to the death of the victims. Through in vitro experiments we have shown that L. obliqua venom is able to clot human plasma and hemolize human erythrocytes and that the coagulation activity of the venom is inhibited by the extracts of C. cervicornis, S. zonale and D. pfaffi. In contrast, C. cervicornis and S. zonale extracts did not inhibit the hemolytic activity of L. oblqua, as did the extract of D. pfaffi. These finding indicate that marine algae may be used as antivenoms or may contribute to the development of compounds with antilonomic effects.
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Luane Oliveira Araújo, Jessyca Karoline de Oliveira Silva, Beatriz Alves de Aguiar, Julliene Larissa dos Santos Bezerra, Aline de Queiroz Rodrigues, and Fernanda Paulini. "Antiproliferative activity of marine brown algae-derived compounds: A review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 060–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.1.0306.
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Marine environment exploration has increased in the search for new compounds that may be attractive to the industrial field, especially for the development of drugs. Brown marine algae are part of this environment and, because of their production of secondary metabolites, they have become a possible source of bioactive compounds that have important biological actions such as anticoagulant, antioxidant and antiproliferative. However, there are still obstacles to complete knowledge about their structures and activities. This review provides key information about the isolation, composition, and structure and antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vitro of compounds derived from different brown algae.
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Zakharova, L. V. "Development of a method for the extraction of polyphenols from Fucus vesiculosus of the of the north seas." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 5-2020 (March 25, 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.11.5.008.
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The coast of the Arctic seas is rich in reserves of brown algae, which are a source of valuable pharmaceutical substances, in particular polyphenols. The study compared the contents of the total polyphenols of the algae Fucus vesiculosusfrom the Barents, White, Norwegian seas and the Irminger Sea (the western coast of Iceland). A comprehensive extraction technique is proposed and itseffectiveness is shown. Promising areas for the extraction of raw materials with the highest polyphenol content have been identified.
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Krasnova, E. D., A. V. Kharcheva, I. A. Milyutina, D. A. Voronov, and S. V. Patsaeva. "Study of microbial communities in redox zone of meromictic lakes isolated from the White Sea using spectral and molecular methods." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 8 (July 1, 2015): 1579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000582.
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Due to postglacial isostatic uplift many stratified lakes, at different stages of isolation, are located along the shores of the White Sea. In five lakes, located near the White Sea Biological Station of Moscow State University, salinity, temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, redox potential, and illuminance were measured. Distribution of microorganisms and spectral properties of water layers were also studied. All the lakes had a narrow bright coloured layer in the redox zone caused by mass development of phototropic microorganisms. Light absorption and fluorescence spectra indicated algae containing chlorophyll a predominate in the red water layers while the colouration of green and brown layers is caused by green sulphur bacteria with bacteriochlorophylls d and e. Sunlight is completely absorbed in the redox zone because of the high density of algae and/or bacteria, resulting in aphotic conditions below. Coloured layers act as a specific biotope for special communities of microorganisms. Eukaryotes identified by the 18S rRNA gene included different species of mixotrophic algae and ciliates resistant to anoxia. The water layer colour and spectral characteristics (i.e. light absorption and fluorescence) of water in the redox zone can be considered indicators of the stage of lake isolation from the sea, with the red colour caused by cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas sp. bloom found in earlier stages and brown and green colours caused by green sulphur bacteria in later stages.
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Zaporozhec, Ekaterina Yur'evna, and Albert Hamed-Harisovich Nugmanov. "Prospects of obtaining sodium alginate from brown algae of Caspian Sea." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2022, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-48-53.
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The scientists and technologists focus on studying the traditional technologies of processing geophytes. Modern development trends in biotechnology demand the expansion of the raw material base. The growing needs of medicine, food and feed industries in biologically active substances call for increased attention to new unconventional sources of renewable raw materials. For example, the brown algae of the Caspian Sea can be considered as a perspective object due to a high concentration of the unique biologically active substances. There are discussed the prospects and possibilities of obtaining the alginic acid and its derivatives from the algae of the Volga-Caspian basin. The decisive role of polysaccharides of the algae has been defined. Expediency of using aquatic plants of the Volga-Caspian basin as alternative little-studied raw materials for further processing and obtaining the products of different uses is substantiated. Analysis shows that the list of plants used to isolate alginate or alginate-containing products should be expanded.
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Tanaka, Marcel O., and Fosca P. P. Leite. "Distance effects on short-term recolonization of Sargassum stenophyllum by mobile epifauna, with an analysis of gammarid life habits." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 5 (October 2004): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404010173h.
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We evaluated experimentally whether distance between patches of the brown alga Sargassum stenophyllum relative to the source of colonizers influenced colonization patterns by (1) mobile epifauna and (2) gammarid amphipods with distinct life habits. Amphipods were the dominant group, commonly dispersing to patches up to 8 m distant from the algal bed, with low densities of other faunal groups. Assemblage structure of both faunal groups and gammarid amphipods on defaunated algae generally converged to that of controls during the experiments in less than eight days. Gammarid amphipods were dominated by tube-dwellers, but free-living nestlers also colonized the available substrate, and both reached control densities during the study. The same pattern was observed for representative species within each group. Colonization rates were related to faunal densities on the algal bed for most groups, suggesting that mobile organisms disperse more to new habitat patches in high density conditions. Thus, species with direct development can rapidly establish new aggregations at favourable sites, and contribute to small-scale heterogeneity in faunal distribution.
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Linardić, Marina, and Siobhan A. Braybrook. "Identification and selection of optimal reference genes for qPCR-based gene expression analysis in Fucus distichus under various abiotic stresses." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0233249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233249.
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Quantitative gene expression analysis is an important tool in the scientist’s belt. The identification of evenly expressed reference genes is necessary for accurate quantitative gene expression analysis, whether by traditional RT-PCR (reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) or by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR; qPCR). In the Stramenopiles (the major line of eukaryotes that includes brown algae) there is a noted lack of known reference genes for such studies, largely due to the absence of available molecular tools. Here we present a set of nine reference genes (Elongation Factor 1 alpha (EF1A), Elongation Factor 2 alpha (EF2A), Elongation Factor 1 beta (EF1B), 14-3-3 Protein, Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme (UBCE2), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Actin Related Protein Complex (ARP2/3), Ribosomal Protein (40s; S23), and Actin) for the brown alga Fucus distichus. These reference genes were tested on adult sporophytes across six abiotic stress conditions (desiccation, light and temperature modification, hormone addition, pollutant exposure, nutrient addition, and wounding). Suitability of these genes as reference genes was quantitatively evaluated across conditions using standard methods and the majority of the tested genes were evaluated favorably. However, we show that normalization genes should be chosen on a condition-by-condition basis. We provide a recommendation that at least two reference genes be used per experiment, a list of recommended pairs for the conditions tested here, and a procedure for identifying a suitable set for an experimenter’s unique design. With the recent expansion of interest in brown algal biology and accompanied molecular tools development, the variety of experimental conditions tested here makes this study a valuable resource for future work in basic biology and understanding stress responses in the brown algal lineage.
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Yang, Ying, Meina Liang, Dan Ouyang, Haibin Tong, Mingjiang Wu, and Laijin Su. "Research Progress on the Protective Effect of Brown Algae-Derived Polysaccharides on Metabolic Diseases and Intestinal Barrier Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 10784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810784.
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In the human body, the intestine is the largest digestive and immune organ, where nutrients are digested and absorbed, and this organ plays a key role in host immunity. In recent years, intestinal health issues have gained attention and many studies have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, intestinal barrier damage, and an imbalance of intestinal microbiota may cause a range of intestinal diseases, as well as other problems. Brown algae polysaccharides, mainly including alginate, fucoidan, and laminaran, are food-derived natural products that have received wide attention from scholars owing to their good biological activity and low toxic side effects. It has been found that brown algae polysaccharides can repair intestinal physical, chemical, immune and biological barrier damage. Principally, this review describes the protective effects and mechanisms of brown algae-derived polysaccharides on intestinal health, as indicated by the ability of polysaccharides to maintain intestinal barrier integrity, inhibit lipid peroxidation-associated damage, and suppress inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, our review aims to provide new ideas on the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases and act as a reference for the development of fucoidan as a functional product for intestinal protection.
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Deynichenko, Gregoriy, Tamara Lystopad, Anna Novik, Line Chernushenko, Andrii Farisieiev, Yuliiа Matsuk, and Tatiana Kolisnychenko. "COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND SAFETY OF BERRY SAUCE WITH IODINE-CONTAINING ADDITIVE." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001435.
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One of the acute problems of our time is iodine deficiency in human nutrition, which is typical for both countries with economies in transition and economically developed ones. Today, about a third of the world's population live in conditions of natural iodine deficiency. The most common solution to iodine deficiency is salt iodization, but this can lead to excessive iodine intake. In addition, it is much healthier to eat organic iodine, which is found in large quantities in brown algae. It is the development of new types of food products using brown algae as a biologically active additive that is a new promising direction for solving the problem of insufficient iodine consumption.
Taking into account the relevance of solving the problem of iodine deficiency and the constantly growing demand for fruit and berry sauces, the technology of berry sauces based on blueberries, cranberries, dogwood, sea buckthorn and viburnum with the addition of brown algae has been developed. However, the mass introduction into production and consumption of the developed sauces will make a significant contribution to solving the global problem of insufficient consumption of organic iodine, requires research to establish their compliance with the typical quality and safety indicators for these products.
The physicochemical indicators of the developed berry sauces were investigated, confirming the high quality in terms of the content of soluble solids – 25.0 ... 28.5%, the mass fraction of titratable acids – 1.9%, and indicate the complete absence of mineral, vegetable and foreign substances in the product. It was found that the developed sauces with iodine-containing algal additive have high microbiological quality indicators when stored for up to 14 days, even without adding preservatives. The complete safety of the developed berry sauces was established in terms of the content of toxic elements, as well as the absence of genetically modified organisms in the finished product
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Visch, Wouter, Cecilia Rad-Menéndez, Göran M. Nylund, Henrik Pavia, Matthew J. Ryan, and John Day. "Underpinning the Development of Seaweed Biotechnology: Cryopreservation of Brown Algae (Saccharina latissima) Gametophytes." Biopreservation and Biobanking 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bio.2018.0147.
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Alvarado-Sansininea, Jesús Javier, Rosario Tavera-Hernández, Manuel Jiménez-Estrada, Enrique Wenceslao Coronado-Aceves, Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón, Sergio Díaz-Martínez, Lisandro Hernández-Anaya, Rosalva Rangel-Corona, and Alejandrina Graciela Avila-Ortiz. "Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, and Toxicity Effects of Two Brown Algae: Sargassum buxifolium and Padina gymnospora." International Journal of Plant Biology 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14010006.
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Seaweed has a variety or biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory ones. Mexico has great macroalgae diversity, with nearly 1700 species; therefore, in this research two seaweeds from Mexico, Sargassum buxifolium and Padina gymnospora, were investigated for their antibacterial, antidiabetic, and toxic potential; and to understand their phytochemical components both were subjected to various extractions. Only the hexanic fraction was active, and the presence of fatty acids was detected. The two algal extracts showed interesting antimicrobial properties, which mostly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis). The α-glucosidase activity was estimated for checking the antidiabetic capacity; S. buxifolium had best α-glucosidase inhibition compared with P. gymnospora. For toxicity, the hexanic extracts administered orally as nontoxic in the treated mice. These results suggest that the two algae have potential as resources for the development of antimicrobial agents.
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Blagonravova, M. V. "PROSPECTS FOR BROWN ALGAE FUCUS DISTICHUS USE IN FISHMEAL PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY." Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University, no. 61 (2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17217/2079-0333-2022-61-6-15.
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The research results on the development of fishmeal products technology with the introduction of brown Fucus distichus as well as a broth prepared from chum salmon dressing waste as structure-regulating, flavoring and enriching components are presented in the article. The study results of Fucus algae introduction influence on limiting shear stress, stickiness and water-holding capacity of minced fish and the effect results of replacing water with broth in the dough recipe are presented. It is shown that the introduction of these additives has a positive effect on the rheological properties of fishmeal products, increasing the strength of minced meat, reducing moisture losses during heat treatment, increasing the dough elasticity for dumpling production. The technological scheme of production, including operations for the introduction of algae and fish broth, is given.
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R., Karimova,, and Rustamova, J. "Modern Technologies Application in Water Bioresources and Aquaculture." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/86/12.
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The production and use areas of aquatic plants are investigated in the article. In recent times, the development of fishing and the all-round use of aquatic plants (as food, the purchase of environmentally oil, as fertilizer) is one of the main issues of our day. Macroalgae are the basis of the cultivated sea products. Mainly, brown algae — laminaria, fucus, red algae — Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma are widely used for both food and alginate production. Spirulina algae, a representative of blue-green algae living in freshwater basins is one of the most cultivated and widely used algae. The fact that its composition is rich in proteins and vitamins creates the basis for the widespread use of algae. Algae thallome contains 60% protein, amino acids, oils, mineral salts, and fatty acids, which help to strengthen the immune system and eliminate anemia. In addition, biological substances obtained from algae active substances are easily absorbed by the body, it is one of the important substances for the regeneration of liver cells.
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Afonso, Nuno C., Marcelo D. Catarino, Artur M. S. Silva, and Susana M. Cardoso. "Brown Macroalgae as Valuable Food Ingredients." Antioxidants 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090365.
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Due to the balanced nutritional value and abundance of bioactive compounds, seaweeds represent great candidates to be used as health-promoting ingredients by the food industry. In this field, Phaeophyta, i.e., brown macroalgae, have been receiving great attention particularly due to their abundance in complex polysaccharides, phlorotannins, fucoxanthin and iodine. In the past decade, brown algae and their extracts have been extensively studied, aiming at the development of well-accepted products with the simultaneous enhancement of nutritional value and/or shelf-life. However, the reports aiming at their bioactivity in in vivo models are still scarce and need additional exploration. Therefore, this manuscript revises the relevant literature data regarding the development of Phaeophyta-enriched food products, namely those focused on species considered as safe for human consumption in Europe. Hopefully, this will create awareness to the need of further studies in order to determine how those benefits can translate to human beings.
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Hwang, Eun Kyoung, Ga Hun Boo, Louis Graf, Charles Yarish, Hwan Su Yoon, and Jang Kyun Kim. "Kelps in Korea: from population structure to aquaculture to potential carbon sequestration." Algae 37, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2022.37.3.3.
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Korea is one of the most advanced countries in kelp aquaculture. The brown algae, Undaria pinnatifida and Saccharina japonica are major aquaculture species and have been principally utilized for human food and abalone feed in Korea. This review discusses the diversity, population structure and genomics of kelps. In addition, we have introduced new cultivar development efforts considering climate change, and potential carbon sequestration of kelp aquaculture in Korea. U. pinnatifida showed high diversity within the natural populations but reduced genetic diversity in cultivars. However, very few studies of S. japonica have been conducted in terms of population structure. Since studies on cultivar development began in early 2000s, five U. pinnatifida and one S. japonica varieties have been registered to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To meet the demands for seaweed biomass in various industries, more cultivars should be developed with specific traits to meet application demands. Additionally, cultivation technologies should be diversified, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and offshore aquaculture, to achieve environmental and economic sustainability. These kelps are anticipated to be important sources of blue carbon in Korea.
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Popović-Djordjević, Jelena B., Jelena S. Katanić Stanković, Vladimir Mihailović, Antia G. Pereira, Paula Garcia-Oliveira, Miguel A. Prieto, and Jesus Simal-Gandara. "Algae as a Source of Bioactive Compounds to Prevent the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Current Medicinal Chemistry 28, no. 23 (August 2, 2021): 4592–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666210325100654.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is considered a new pandemic and its control involves numerous challenges. Although many of the measures are based on improving life habits, diet is also of vital importance due to bioactive compounds present in food. In this regard, several raw materials have been investigated whose bioactivities seem to slow the progression of this disease. Within these matrices, there are algae of importance, such as brown algae, showing to have beneficial effects on glycemic control. These pieces of evidence are increasing every day due to the development of cell or animal models, which lead to the conclusion that bioactive compounds may have direct effects on decreasing hyperglycemia, enhancing insulin secretion and preventing the formation of amyloid plaques.
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Kuznetsov, V. O., and F. P. Tkachenko. "Algological investigations at Odessa University in 1965–2015. Formation school of Prof. I.I. Pogrebnyak." Algologia 31, no. 3 (September 2021): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg31.03.279.
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Тhe modern period of development of algological researches at Odesa University is analyzed. It is noted that the creation of a scientific school under the leadership of prof. І.І. Pogrebnyak gave impetus to the renewed interest of the scientific community in the study of the algae of the Black Sea, its estuaries and some freshwater bodies of southern Ukraine. These studies covered benthic and planktonic groups of algae, as well as their individual systematic groups, including blue-green, diatomaceous, cryptophytic, dinophytic, green, red, and brown. Attention was paid to the possible practical use of algae in ecology, agriculture and medicine. I.I. Pogrebnyak's research was continued by his students, doctors of biological sciences Prof. Guslyakov M.O., Maslov I.I., Tkachenko F.P. and dozens of young scientists, already their students.
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Zhou, Xuezhen, Mengqi Yi, Lijian Ding, Shan He, and Xiaojun Yan. "Isolation and Purification of a Neuroprotective Phlorotannin from the Marine Algae Ecklonia maxima by Size Exclusion and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography." Marine Drugs 17, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17040212.
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Phlorotannins are polyphenolic metabolites of marine brown algae that have been shown to possess health-beneficial biological activities. An efficient approach using a combination of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and size exclusion chromatography with a Sephadex LH-20 has been successfully developed for the isolation and purification of a neuroprotective phlorotannin, eckmaxol, from leaves of the marine brown algae, Ecklonia maxima. The phlorotannin of interest, eckmaxol, was isolated with purity >95% by HSCCC using an optimized solvent system composed of n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (2:8:3:7, v/v/v/v) after Sephadex LH-20 size exclusion chromatography. This compound was successfully purified in the quantity of 5.2 mg from 0.3 kg of the E. maxima crude organic extract. The structure of eckmaxol was identified and assigned by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The purification method developed for eckmaxol will facilitate the further investigation and development of this neuroprotective agent as a drug lead or pharmacological probe. Furthermore, it is suggested that the combination of HSCCC and size exclusion chromatography could be more widely applied for the isolation and purification of phlorotannins from marine algae.
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Pajot, Anne, Gia Hao Huynh, Laurent Picot, Luc Marchal, and Elodie Nicolau. "Fucoxanthin from Algae to Human, an Extraordinary Bioresource: Insights and Advances in up and Downstream Processes." Marine Drugs 20, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20040222.
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Fucoxanthin is a brown-colored pigment from algae, with great potential as a bioactive molecule due to its numerous properties. This review aims to present current knowledge on this high added-value pigment. An accurate analysis of the biological function of fucoxanthin explains its wide photon absorption capacities in golden-brown algae. The specific chemical structure of this pigment also leads to many functional activities in human health. They are outlined in this work and are supported by the latest studies in the literature. The scientific and industrial interest in fucoxanthin is correlated with great improvements in the development of algae cultures and downstream processes. The best fucoxanthin producing algae and their associated culture parameters are described. The light intensity is a major influencing factor, as it has to enable both a high biomass growth and a high fucoxanthin content. This review also insists on the most eco-friendly and innovative extraction methods and their perspective within the next years. The use of bio-based solvents, aqueous two-phase systems and the centrifugal partition chromatography are the most promising processes. The analysis of the global market and multiple applications of fucoxanthin revealed that Asian companies are major actors in the market with macroalgae. In addition, fucoxanthin from microalgae are currently produced in Israel and France, and are mostly authorized in the USA.
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Dong, Xiufang, Ying Bai, Zhe Xu, Yixin Shi, Yihan Sun, Srinivas Janaswamy, Chenxu Yu, and Hang Qi. "Phlorotannins from Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll: Extraction, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities." Marine Drugs 17, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080434.
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Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll (U. pinnatifida) is a major byproduct of U. pinnatifida (a brown algae) processing. Its phenolic constituents, phlorotannins, are of special interest due to their intrinsic ability to precipitate proteins. Herein, a high-temperature extraction procedure was used to isolate these biologically active compounds. The heating temperature, heating time, and extraction solvent (ethanol) concentration were examined with response surface analysis to determine the optimal conditions to achieve the maximum extraction rate. The analysis revealed the optimal conditions to be: 170 °C of heating temperature, 5.2 h of heating time, and 52% ethanol concentration for a yield of 10.7 ± 0.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (GAE/g DW) of sample. Compared to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the extracted phlorotannins displayed higher antioxidant activity on H2O2-induced RAW 264.7 cells with improved efficiency. Furthermore, the compounds exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. These findings potentially can be utilized to guide development of novel functional foods and food supplements from sea-originated resources such as brown algae.
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Makarenkova, I. D., N. K. Akhmatova, S. P. Ermakova, and N. N. Besednova. "Morphofunctional changes of dendritic cells induced by sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 63, no. 1 (January 2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20176301039.
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The effects of various sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae Fucus evanescens, Saccharina cichorioides and Saccharina japonica on the morphofunctional changes of dendritic cells have been investigated using flow cytometry and phase-contrast microscopy. The dendritic cells are characterized by larger sizes, vacuolated cytoplasm, eccentrically located nucleus, and also by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic pseudopodia of various shapes. They express surface markers, indicating their maturation (CD83, CD11c, HLA-DR, CD86). Increased production of immunoregulatory (IL-12) and proinflammatory TNF-a, IL-6) cytokines (by dendritic cells polarizes the development of the Th-1 type immune response.
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Ruan, Ban-Feng, Wei-Wei Ge, Meng-Xue Lin, and Qing-Shan Li. "A Review of the Components of Seaweeds as Potential Candidates in Cancer Therapy." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520617666171106130325.
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The marine natural products (MNPs) isolated from seaweeds-associated microbial communities have received substantial attention owing to their exceptional nutritional and pharmacology application, such as antiviral, anticancer, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties and so on. Particularly, there are several MNPs that have been displayed attractive value for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review covers the literature published in the recent 5 years on the novel anticancer MNPs discovered originating from seaweeds, and focused on the chemistry and relative anticancer activities of new MNPs which categorize their source organisms. These seaweed-derived MNPs are categorized based on their origin as brown algae, red algae, cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and others.
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Zhu, Ruixue. "Effects of Dietary Fiber from Brown Algae on Energy Intake and Body Weight." International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences 1, no. 1 (November 23, 2022): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijbls.v1i1.2997.
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In recent years, brown algae dietary fiber is safe and nontoxic, and has many biological activities, especially in controlling appetite, regulating body weight, regulating blood sugar and lipid metabolism, and regulating intestinal flora, which has attracted the attention of researchers. As a part of diet, dietary fiber is closely related to the change of intestinal microecology. The change of intestinal microecology is closely related to obesity. For example, intestinal flora can improve obesity and related metabolic diseases through its functions in energy harvesting, metabolic signals and inflammatory response. Dietary fiber, as a part of diet, can change the proportion and abundance of intestinal flora, improve inflammatory response, and regulate intestinal hormone and lipid metabolism to improve obesity. However, the recommended intake, types and mechanism of dietary fiber in preventing and treating obesity need further study. In this paper, the effects of dietary fiber from brown algae on energy intake and body weight were discussed, and its potential mechanism was analyzed, which provided scientific basis for the development and application of marine functional products.
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Anggadiredja, Jana Tjahjana. "ETHNOBOTANY STUDY OF SEAWEED DIVERSITY AND ITS UTILIZATION IN WARAMBADI, PANGUHALODO AREAS OF EAST SUMBA DISTRICT." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 10, no. 3 (December 14, 2016): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v10i3.1476.
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This paper reports the ethnobotany study of seaweed diversity in Warambadi –Panguhalodo areas of East Sumba District, the island of Sumba. The study recorded19 genera of 54 species of seaweed, which were utilized as food or edible seaweed.The group consisted of 17 species of green algae, 17 species of red algae, and 20species of brown algae. The study also reported that 18 genera of 38 species weretraditionally utilized for medicinal purposes as herbal medicine. The herbal speciesconsisted of 7 species of green algae, 13 species of red algae, and 18 species ofbrown algae.Seaweed is traditionally consumed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable,as pickle with sauce of allspice or with vinegar, as relish or sweetened jellies and alsocooked for vegetable soup. As herbal medicine seaweed is usually used for traditionalcosmetics, as antipyretic and antiseptic, as vermifuges, and treatments for cough andasthma, hemorrhoid, nosebleed and boils, goiter and scrofula, stomach ailments andurinary diseases.Indigenous knowledge on seaweed still exist and are continually employed bypeople living in particular areas such as the Sumba and Sabu ethnic groups. Yet,the knowledge is gradually decreasing due to localities, socio-economic change andcultural development.
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Krizshanovsky, S. P., T. A. Kuznetsova, B. I. Geltser, T. S. Zaporozhets, S. P. Ermakova, and N. N. Besednova. "FUCOIDAN FROM BROWN ALGAE FUCUS EVANESCENS: NEW PERSPECTIVES IN THE TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2017-16-1-82-87.
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Objective. The purpose of the research is the experimental study of the possibility of correction of disorders of lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection (POL-AOP), liver structure on the model of alimentary hyperlipidemia in mice. Materials and methods. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 160 kDa, derived from brown algae Fucus evanescens. The alimentary hyperlipidemia model was reproduced in mice. The biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, state of POL-AOP system and the liver structure by MRT were studied. Results. We revealed the ability of fucoidan at per os administration to animals to normalize the key parameters of lipid metabolism, indicators of POL-AOP system, liver anatomic-topographic structure. Conclusion. The ability of fucoidan to correct these parameters allows us to consider it as a basis for the development of new biological medicines for the treatment of atherosclerotic disorders.
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Yanuartono, Yanuartono, Alfarisa Nururrozi, Hary Purnamaningsih, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto, and Slamet Raharjo. "Fucoidan : Manfaat dalam Industri Peternakan." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 36, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.33507.
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Research of interest marine algae and seagrasses have been renewed, because they are considered to be promising resources of functional ingredients in the development of novel products. Fucoidans are a class of fucose-rich sulfated carbohydrates found in brown marine algae and echinoderms, and more recently identified in seagrasses. Chemical compositions of most fucoidans are complex, mainly being composed of fucose and sulfate. They also contain other monosaccharides like mannose, galactose, glucose, xylose and uronic acids, even acetyl groups and protein and it’s have potential therapeutic properties, including anti-viral activity. Currently, fucoidans are available for use in therapeutic and dietary supplements for inclusion in pet, livestock and aquaculture feed supplements. This review summarizes experimental evidence indicating that Fucoidan can improve the quality of feed ingredients for livestock, pets and aquaculture to improve health.
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Domenico Prisa. "Biological mixture of brown algae extracts influences the microbial community of Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora in pot cultivation." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.3.0190.
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Research goal: Based on the information found in the literature, it has been verified that the use of biofertilizing algae can definitely improve plant quality, growth, and blooms. In this work, studies were conducted to evaluate whether the use of algae in the cultivation of ornamental cacti in pots can improve the growth, ornamental qualities and resistance to salt stress of plants that normally grow in environmental conditions different from our latitudes. Materials and Methods: The experiments, started in September 2020, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (PT), Tuscany, Italy (43°54′N 10°41′E) on Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea shaferi, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora herzogli. The experimental groups were: i) group control, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group control1, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized + 50 mM of NaCl once every 7 days; iii) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iv) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized + 50 mM of NaCl once every 7 days. On July 28, 2021, plant height and circumference, suckers’ number, number and length of thorns, vegetative and roots weight, flowers number, flowers life, plants dead from salinity stress, substrate microbial count, pH were analysed. Results and Discussion: The test showed a significant increase in agronomic and quality parameters analyzed in plants treated with algae extracts on Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea shaferi, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora herzogli. In fact, the trial showed in agronomic terms an increase in plant height and circumference, number of new suckers, vegetative and roots growth, number and length of thorns and flowers number. In qualitative terms, theses treated with algae extracts have shown a significant increase in the flower’s life and greater resistance to salt stress. The trial also showed an increase in the microorganism’s number in the theses treated with algae and a lowering of the pH in the substrate. The results therefore suggest the presence of additional sources of carbon and energy in particular nitrogen and phosphorus that ensure the increase of microbial populations and influence their behavior. Conclusions: This research paper highlights the potential of biofertilizer technology in terms of cost, environmental sustainability, and saline soil improvement. As in other experiments in the literature, the application of algae not only resulted in significant effects on plant growth but also influenced the development of microbial communities in the soil.
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Siswoyo, Siswoyo, Kumalasari Kumalasari, Sari Wulan, and Fitri Afriani. "Fabrikasi Perancah Berpori Hidroksiapatit dari Tulang Ikan Tenggiri dengan Alginat Sebagai Binder Alami: Sebuah Kajian Naratif." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Sains (JPFS) 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52188/jpfs.v3i2.82.
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Porous scaffolding is an alternative solution developed to assist the bone therapy process. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a widely developed material into porous scaffolding because it has good biocompatibility. As a maritime country, Indonesia has high fisheries potential. One potential maritime product waste that could be synthesized into HAp is mackerel bone because it contains high amounts of CaO. This narrative describes a potential method for HAp synthesis from mackerel fish bones and a fabrication method that can be applied to a porous scaffold. Alginate is a natural ingredient from brown algae, which can be used as a porogen to synthesize porous HAp. Because it comes from maritime-based natural materials, algae are relatively safe and easy to produce in Indonesia. It is hoped that from this study, a more comprehensive picture can be obtained related to the development of HAp-based porous scaffolding from mackerel fish bones so that it can be considered for further development.
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Usov, Anatolii I., Maria I. Bilan, Nadezhda E. Ustyuzhanina, and Nikolay E. Nifantiev. "Fucoidans of Brown Algae: Comparison of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum." Marine Drugs 20, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20100638.
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Preparations of sulfated polysaccharides obtained from brown algae are known as fucoidans. These biopolymers have attracted considerable attention due to many biological activities which may find practical applications. Two Atlantic representatives of Phaeophyceae, namely, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum, belonging to the same order Fucales, are popular sources of commercial fucoidans, which often regarded as very similar in chemical composition and biological actions. Nevertheless, these two fucoidan preparations are polysaccharide mixtures which differ considerably in amount and chemical nature of components, and hence, this circumstance should be taken into account in the investigation of their biological properties and structure–activity relationships. In spite of these differences, fractions with carefully characterized structures prepared from both fucoidans may have valuable applications in drug development.
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Catarino, Marcelo D., Sónia J. Amarante, Nuno Mateus, Artur M. S. Silva, and Susana M. Cardoso. "Brown Algae Phlorotannins: A Marine Alternative to Break the Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer Network." Foods 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071478.
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According to the WHO, cancer was responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, making it the second global leading cause of death. The main risk factors that lead to the development of this disease include poor behavioral and dietary habits, such as tobacco use, alcohol use and lack of fruit and vegetable intake, or physical inactivity. In turn, it is well known that polyphenols are deeply implicated with the lower rates of cancer in populations that consume high levels of plant derived foods. In this field, phlorotannins have been under the spotlight in recent years since they have shown exceptional bioactive properties, with great interest for application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Among their multiple bioactive properties, phlorotannins have revealed the capacity to interfere with several biochemical mechanisms that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis, which are central aspects in the pathogenesis of cancer. This versatility and ability to act either directly or indirectly at different stages and mechanisms of cancer growth make these compounds highly appealing for the development of new therapeutical strategies to address this world scourge. The present manuscript revises relevant studies focusing the effects of phlorotannins to counteract the oxidative stress–inflammation network, emphasizing their potential for application in cancer prevention and/or treatment.
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Tanaka, Atsuko, Chikako Nagasato, Shinya Uwai, Taizo Motomura, and Hiroshi Kawai. "Re-examination of ultrastructures of the stellate chloroplast organization in brown algae: Structure and development of pyrenoids." Phycological Research 55, no. 3 (September 2007): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2007.00463.x.
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Ogudov, Aleksandr Stepanovich, Olga Anatolievna Shepeleva, Natalya Fedorovna Chuenko, Nikita Alexandrovich Shestakov, Irina Gennadyevna Shevkun, and Irina Igorevna Novikova. "Evaluation of the biological effect of the brown algae Laminaria digitata (based on studies on experimental animals)." Science for Education Today 12, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2658-6762.2206.08.
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Introduction. Currently, the problem of keeping schoolchildren healthy is acute. One of the leading risk factors for the health of schoolchildren is nutrition, in the organization of which much attention has recently been paid to the inclusion of special foods that help prevent diet-related diseases. The White Sea brown alga, Laminaria digitata, has been shown to be a natural source of bioactive compounds. However, the mechanisms of the kinetics of health-promoting effects during long-term dietary intake of Laminaria digitata are poorly studied which makes it difficult to solve practical problems in the use of products and dishes containing Laminaria digitata for health purposes. The purpose of this research is to study the biological effects of Laminaria digitata in a 28-day experiment in white Wistar rats to address practical issues of justifying food formulation and food processing for school nutrition, and to assess the risk of side effects. Materials and Methods. The study used dry concentrates of Laminaria digitata. The sample comprised white Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. The animals were examined on the 14th and 28th days of the experiment using standard methods. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the rules adopted in the European Convention for the Protection of Animals Used for Experimental Scientific Purposes (Strasburg, 1986), after approval by the Ethics Committee of Novosibirsk Research Hygiene Institute. The statistical processing of the research materials was performed using Statistica 10.0. Results. The analysis of the dynamics of the indicators showed the stages of the interaction process of the organism with bioactive substances contained in the brown alga Laminaria digitata. Strengthening of stress-protective, antihypercholesterolemic effects and metabolic function of the liver at the stage of primary reactions is replaced by a significant weakening at the stage of physiological adaptation. The bioavailability of a form of iodine accumulated by the brown algae Laminaria digitata has been experimentally confirmed. The assessment of biological significance consisted of classifying the effects manifested using benefit and safety criteria. Conclusions. Based on the results of the experiment, new knowledge was gained on the criteria for the usefulness and safety of Laminaria digitata algae, which can be used to solve practical problems of proving the quantitative values of the inclusion of Laminaria digitata as an ingredient in recipes and to solve practical problems with Laminaria digitata enriched food production technologies in the development of school meals, the inclusion of which in students' diets minimizes the risk of diet-related diseases.
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Orlando-Bonaca, Martina, Domen Trkov, Katja Klun, and Valentina Pitacco. "Diversity of Molluscan Assemblage in Relation to Biotic and Abiotic Variables in Brown Algal Forests." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162131.
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Canopy-forming macroalgae, mainly those belonging to the order Fucales, form the so-called brown algal forests, which are among the most productive assemblages in shallow coastal zones. Their vertical, branching canopies increase nearshore primary production, provide nursery areas for juvenile fish, and sustain understory assemblages of smaller algae and both sessile and vagile fauna. The majority of benthic invertebrates inhabiting these forests have larval stages that spend some time floating freely or swimming in the plankton. Therefore, canopy-forming macroalgae play an important role as species collectors related to larval supply and hydrodynamic processes. During the past several decades, brown algal forests have significantly reduced their extension and coverage in the Mediterranean basin, due to multiple interacting natural and anthropogenic pressures, with negative consequences also for the related fauna. The aim of this research was to examine how differences in macrophyte abundance and structure, as well as environmental variables, affect the associated molluscan communities in the shallow northern Adriatic Sea. Sampling sites with well-developed vegetation cover dominated by different canopy-forming species were selected in the shallow infralittoral belt of the northern Adriatic Sea in the spring–summer period of the years 2019 and 2020. Our results confirm the importance of algal forests for molluscan assemblage, with a total of 68 taxa of molluscs found associated with macrophytes. Gastropods showed the highest richness and abundance, followed by bivalves. Mollusc richness and diversity (in terms of biotic indices) were not related with the degree of development of canopy-forming species (in terms of total cover and total volume), nor with the ecological status of benthic macroalgae at different depths. On the contrary, the variability in molluscan taxa abundances was explained by some environmental variables, such as temperature, pH, light, and nitrates concentration.
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Viencz, Thayna, Ires Cristina Ribeiro Oliari, Ricardo Antonio Ayub, Cacilda Márcia Duarte Rios Faria, and Renato Vasconcelos Botelho. "Postharvest quality and brown rot incidence in plums treated with Ascophyllum nodosum extract." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p753.
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The use of extracts of algae in agriculture has been growing because of their benefits to plant development and production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on the postharvest quality of ‘Irati’ and ‘Reubennel’ plums and on the incidence of brown rot. The treatments consisted of concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mL L-1 of a commercial product containing algae extract (Algamare®) that were applied to the fruits by immersion. The fruits were then stored for 15 (cv. Irati) or 30 days (cv. Reubennel) at 2.5 °C and 90% RH and for two additional days at ambient conditions for further physicochemical analysis. A batch of ‘Reubennel’ plums was inoculated with Monilinia fructicola and kept for seven days in a cold room and an additional nine days at room temperature to evaluate the occurrence of brown rot. The postharvest application of the extract at a concentration of 0.4 mL L-1 altered some of the physicochemical characteristics of the fruit after storage; an increase in the total phenolic compound content and PG activity were observed in ‘Irati’ plums. Reubennel fruits had higher titratable acidity, a lower TSS/TA ratio, lower pulp firmness and higher PME activity. The most significant effect was observed with the application of A. nodosum extract at 0.4 mL L-1, which significantly reduced the incidence and severity of brown rot in the inoculated fruits and had a similar control effect as the application of the fungicide iprodione.
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Gerasimovich, Alexander, Vyacheslav Gogulov, and Magomed Chabaev. "Influence of experimental feed additives on growth, development and productivity of young pigs." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020301020.
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Pig farming is one of the dynamically developing branches of animal husbandry. Of all the factors that determine the success of the livestock industry, the most important is biologically complete animal feeding, which makes it possible to realize the genetic potential of animals. Numerous scientific developments show that the use of local non-traditional feed additives in combination with probiotic and enzymatic preparations in pig feeding is currently promising. The geographical location of the Amur region makes it possible to widely use cheap seaweed in animal feeding. In the course of scientific research, scientists have already proven the effectiveness of feeding brown algae to animals. As for the red algae, the representative of which is anfeltia red, research on its use in pig feeding in the Amur region was conducted for the first time. Ahnfeltia red contains a small amount of regulated organic and biologically active substances. The aim of experimental studies was to study the effect of feeding red anfeltia separately and together with the enzymatic probiotic “Vitacell” on the metabolism and productivity of young pigs. In the process of conducting scientific and economic balance (physiological) experiments established that the inclusion in the feed of angelli red together with probiotic “of Vitacell” helped to increase average daily gains, increase the intensity of metabolic processes and to improve the fattening qualities of young pigs.
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Obluchinskaya, Ekaterina D., Olga N. Pozharitskaya, Denis V. Zakharov, Elena V. Flisyuk, Inna I. Terninko, Yulia E. Generalova, Irina E. Smekhova, and Alexander N. Shikov. "The Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fucus vesiculosus from the Arctic Region." Marine Drugs 20, no. 3 (March 6, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20030193.
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Fucus vesiculosus is one of the most prominent brown algae in the shallow waters of the seas of the Arctic region (Barents (BS), White (WS), Norwegian (NS), and Irminger (IS)). The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical composition of F. vesiculosus from the Arctic at different reproductive phases, and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of F. vesiculosus extracts. The amounts of monosaccharides, phlorotannins, flavonoids, and ash and the mineral composition significantly varied in the algae. A strong correlation was established between monosaccharide, phlorotannin, and flavonoid accumulation and water salinity (Pearson’s correlation coefficients r = −0.58, 0.83, and 0.44, respectively; p < 0.05). We noted a negative correlation between the antioxidant activity and the amount of the structural monosaccharides of fucoidan (r = −0.64). A positive correlation of phlorotannins and flavonoids with antioxidant power was confirmed for all samples. The ash accumulation was relatively lower in the sterile phase for the algae from the BS and WS. The correlation between the Metal Pollution Index (MPI) and the reproductive phases was medium with high fluctuation. Meanwhile, the MPI strongly correlated with the salinity and sampling site. The gradient of the MPI values across the sea was in the following ranking order: BS < WS < NS < IS. Taken together, and based on our data on the elemental contents of F. vesiculosus, we believe that this alga does not accumulate toxic doses of elements. Therefore, the Arctic F. vesiculosus could be safely used in food and drug development as a source of active biochemical compounds and as a source of dietary elements to cover the daily nutritional requirements of humans.
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Kuznetsova, T. A., E. V. Persiyanova, T. S. Zaporozhets, and N. N. Besednova. "ADJUVANTS OF INFLUENZA VACCINES: NEW POSSIBILITIES OF USING SULPHATED POLYSACCHARIDES FROM MARINE BROWN ALGAE." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 64, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-1-5-11.
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The review article presents the characteristics of the main adjuvant groups (mineral salts of aluminum, synthetic squalene-based adjuvants - MF59 and AS03, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone) included in the licensed influenza vaccine. The main mechanisms of adjuvant action, advantages and disadvantages of these adjuvants are shown. The vaccines adjuvants in the phase of experimental studies and clinical trials (ISCOMs, Advax™, chitosan) are described too. Particular attention is paid to sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from marine brown algae as vaccine adjuvants. Numerous results of their application in compositions of experimental vaccines are presented. The prospects of sulfated polysaccharides using in the design of influenza vaccines are estimated. These prospects are determined by high biocompatibility, low toxicity and good tolerance of the human body to fucoidans, as well as mechanisms of their adjuvant activity. Sulfated polysaccharides are agonists of toll-like receptors of innate immunity cells and powerful inducers of the cellular and humoral immune response, which is important for the development of influenza vaccines. The review is based on the information presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases of scientific publications, search engines and publishers: RSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Nature, Elsevier and others.
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Park, Jaeyeon, Jinik Hwang, Jun-Ho Hyung, and Eun Young Yoon. "Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Toxic Epiphytic Dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the Coastal Waters off Jeju Island, Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145864.
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The temporal and spatial distribution of the toxic epiphytic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata was investigated off the Jeju coastal waters, Korea, from July 2016 to January 2019. The results showed that the presence of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in 184 macroalgae was 79.3%, and it was more frequently attached to red algae and brown algae than to green algae. The abundance of Ostreopsis cf. ovata as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and microscopic analysis was 4–3204 cells g−1, and the maximum abundance observed in September 2018, when the water temperature was 24.4 °C. The abundance was higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. Spatially, high abundance was observed in autumn on the northern coast of Jeju Island and, in summer, in the southern and eastern coastal waters. The water temperature of Jeju coastal waters in winter remained higher than 15 °C, and this species could be overwintering in the Jeju waters. Therefore, further monitoring and research are needed to evaluate the proliferation of Ostreopsis cf. ovata, which contains a novel toxin with unidentified effects on humans.
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Malyarenko, Olesya S., Timofey V. Malyarenko, Roza V. Usoltseva, Valerii V. Surits, Alla A. Kicha, Natalia V. Ivanchina, and Svetlana P. Ermakova. "Combined Anticancer Effect of Sulfated Laminaran from the Brown Alga Alaria angusta and Polyhydroxysteroid Glycosides from the Starfish Protoreaster lincki on 3D Colorectal Carcinoma HCT 116 Cell Line." Marine Drugs 19, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19100540.
Full textAbstract:
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent types of malignancy in the world. The search for new approaches of increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy is relevant. This work was aimed to study individual, combined anticancer effects, and molecular mechanism of action of sulfated laminaran AaLs of the brown alga Alaria angusta and protolinckiosides A (PL1), B (PL2), and linckoside L1 (L1) of the starfish Protoreaster lincki using a 3D cell culture model. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), soft agar, 3D spheroids invasion, and Western blotting assays were performed to determine the effect and mechanism of the action of investigated compounds or their combinations on proliferation, colony formation, and the invasion of 3D HCT 116 spheroids. AaLs, PL1, PL2, and L1 individually inhibited viability, colony growth, and the invasion of 3D HCT 116 spheroids in a variable degree with greater activity of linckoside L1. AaLs in combination with L1 exerted synergism of a combined anticancer effect through the inactivation of protein kinase B (AKT) kinase and, consequently, the induction of apoptosis via the regulation of proapoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins balance. The obtained data about the efficacy of the combined anticancer effect of a laminaran derivative of brown algae and polyhydroxysteroid glycosides of starfish open up prospects for the development of new therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Voskoboinikov, G. M., V. N. Маkarov, S. V. Malavenda, D. V. Pugovkin, I. V. Ryzhik, M. P. Klindukh, and D. O. Salakhov. "ADAPTATION, REGULATION OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION AND RATIONAL USE OF ALGAE-MACROPHYTES OF THE BARENTS SEA." Transaction of the Kola Science Centre 11, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 150–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.11.4.007.
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The results of algological researches of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute for the period from 2015 till 2019 are presented with the following achievements. Analysis of the expeditionary samples revealed 79 species of algae macrophyte, rarely found at the Murman coast, among them 10 species were Chlorophyta, 33 –Phaeophyceae, 36 –Rhodophyta. A significant increase of the occurrence (presence) of Ulva lactuca L.at the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea in 2009–2019 was noted, due to positive climatic anomalies caused by an increase of the influx of the Atlantic waters. It has been shown for the first time that the various morphological forms of the brown alga Fucus distichuslived on the littoral of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea are genetically homogeneous. The morphology of embryogenesis, early ontogenesis of F. distichusis described. It was determined that hydrostatic pressure (from 4 atm) negatively affects the development of spores of Alaria esculentaand Palmaria palmata, and can determine the lower boundary of algae growth. It was shown that a change in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system P. palmata: (catalase and superoxide dismutase) depending on the temperature of the environment) is one of the mechanisms of adaptation of algae to growth in the tidal zone and seasonal temperature fluctuations. There were revealed the negative effect of the red algae P. palmataon the growth of F. distichus, F. serratusand the positive effect of Fucus on the growth of P. palmata. A change in the seasonal concentration of 4 B vitamins was determined (riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and pyridoxine) of P. palmata. Isolated vitamins take part in spore formation and can act as antioxidants. An electron microscopic analysis of the “young” multicellular sporophytes of Saccharina latissimarevealed the presence in cells of a developed photosynthetic reticulum, and a high partial mass of mitochondria, energy structures that apparently provide an intensive process of cell division at this stage of ontogenesis. The participation of florotannins in the regeneration of thallus of Fucus algae was demonstrated. The data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of cultivated and uncultivated epiphytic bacteria of Fucus algae from clean and oil polluted areas of coastal waters of the Barents Sea have been obtained.For the first time, the evidence base presents that morphologically and systematically various macrophyte algae, differing in structure and systematic affiliation, possess in their ability to form a symbiotic association with hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, they show a pronounced ability to sorb and to destruct the oil products, which determines their significant role in bioremediation of coastal waters.
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Matheickal, Jose T., and Yu Qiming. "Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by marine algae Ecklonia radiata." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 9 (November 1, 1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0163.
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Experimental studies showed that brown marine algae, Ecklonia radiata, can be used for the development of an efficient biosorbent material for heavy metal removal from wastewater. E. radiata exhibited high uptake capacities for lead, cadmium and copper. In particular, lead sorption was very marked. The equlibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. Within a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5, the uptake capacity of E. radiata for lead is 1.36 mM/g (282 mg/g), which is much higher than those of powdered activated carbon and natural zeolite. Studies indicated that sorption of lead increases as pH increases and reaches a plateau at pH 5. The lead uptake process was rapid, with 60% of the sorption completed within 10 minutes. Presence of light metal ions in solution did not affect lead sorption significantly. Breakthrough curves of fixed bed operations were obtained to illustrate the process of lead removal in a continuous flow system.
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Barral, María Teresa, Diego Rodríguez-Iglesias, Diego Martiñá-Prieto, and Remigio Paradelo. "Assessment of the Chronic Toxicity and Interactions between Arsenic and Riverbed Biofilms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 12689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912689.
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The toxic effect of exposure to arsenic, As(V), at concentrations of 0 to 30 mg L−1, for 49 days, on epipsammic biofilms, was evaluated in a microcosm experiment. The growth and composition of biofilms developed on sediments containing As concentrations of 31 mg kg−1 and 85 mg kg−1 were compared, using photosynthetic parameters and Live/Dead stains as end points. A toxic effect of arsenic could not be demonstrated; however, biofilm growth was higher over the sediment with higher arsenic concentrations, suggesting the development of pollution-induced community induced tolerance (PICT). Nevertheless, PICT was not observed after exposure to high arsenic concentration in the laboratory, as there were no differences in algal growth between the previous 0 and 30 mg L−1 systems exposed to new 30 mg As L−1 dissolution over 29 days. The algal composition was affected by the added arsenic, and brown algae were the most tolerant compared to green algae and cyanophyceae, as their percentage increased from 25 and 33% in the control samples to 57 and 47% in the samples with the highest added As concentration. In turn, the biofilm development influenced arsenic redistribution and speciation. Arsenic concentration in water decreased with time during the incubation experiment, retained by the sediment particles and the biofilm. In the biofilm, extracellular As was significantly higher (up to 11 times) than intracellular arsenic. As(V) was the predominant species in water and in the biofilm, but products of biotic transformation, namely As(III), DMA(V) and MMA(V), were also found in the solution and in the biofilm in some systems, demonstrating reduction and methylation by the organisms. As a conclusion, a toxic effect was not detected for the concentrations evaluated. Biofilms naturally exposed in the river system to high As concentrations acquire pollution-induced tolerance; however, tolerance was not acquired by exposure to 30 mg L−1 for 29 days in the laboratory.