Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brown algae

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Brown algae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Brown algae"

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Liu, Chenlin, and Xiuliang Wang. "Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase genes in Antarctic endemic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis (Ascoseirales, Phaeophyceae): data mining of a de novo transcriptome." Botanica Marina 63, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0025.

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AbstractThe Antarctic endemic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis is physically and physiologically well adapted to the extreme polar environment. To better understand the molecular strategies associated with stress adaptation, the transcriptome of A. mirabilis was sequenced, and its antioxidant enzyme genes were identified and compared with other algae. A total of 126,576 unigenes with a mean length of 734 bp and N50 of 1174 bp was assembled from the transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that dramatic evolutionary changes had occurred in the brown algal superoxide dismutases (SODs) and class I peroxidases that were not consistent with the phylogeny of the species. Fe/Mn SODs are more prevalent in brown algae than in red and green algae. Two additional Fe-SODs in A. mirabilis were phylogenetically closely related to those of green algae, but not to those in other brown algae. We also identified three A. mirabilis ascorbate peroxidase (APx) genes that had a different origin from other brown algal APxs. The SOD and APx genes specifically identified in A. mirabilis will be crucial for understanding the evolution of the algal antioxidant enzymes that contribute to ecological success under extreme environmental conditions in the Antarctic region.
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Rasha Hamdy, Rasha Hamdy. "Diversity and Distribution of Polychaetes Associated with Macroalgae along the Alexandria Coast, Egypt." journal of king abdulaziz university marine science 28, no. 2 (February 4, 2018): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/mar.28-2.5.

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The relationship between benthic macroalgae and associated polychaetes was studied monthly from October 2014 to October 2015 along the Alexandria coast, Egypt. A total of 56 polychaete species were found among 28 macroalgal species, which belonging to green, brown and red algae. The red algae hosted pronouncedly higher number of polychaete species than the brown and green algae, particularly during winter and spring, while green algae were associated with higher number of polychaete species in January, April, August and October 2015. In contrast, the average count of polychaete individuals associated with the green algae was higher in winter and autumn than that recorded with the red algae, while low with both red and green algae in spring and summer, and very poor within the brown algae. The present study revealed that the structure of algal species my affect the diversity and abundance of the associated polychaetes and the diversity of these worms varied among the hosting algal species.
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Cock, J. Mark, Akira F. Peters, and Susana M. Coelho. "Brown algae." Current Biology 21, no. 15 (August 2011): R573—R575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.006.

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Mori, J. F., T. R. Neu, S. Lu, M. Händel, K. U. Totsche, and K. Küsel. "Iron encrustations on filamentous algae colonized by <i>Gallionella</i>-related bacteria in a metal-polluted freshwater stream." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2015): 7705–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-7705-2015.

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Abstract. Filamentous macroscopic algae were observed in slightly acidic to circumneutral (pH 5.9~6.5) metal-rich stream water that leaked out in a former uranium-mining district (Ronneburg, Germany). These algae differ in color and morphology and were encrusted with Fe-deposits. To elucidate the potential interaction with Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), we collected algal samples at three time points during summer 2013 and studied the algae-bacteria-mineral compositions via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and a 16S and 18S rRNA gene based bacterial and algae community analysis. Surprisingly, sequencing analysis of 18S rRNA gene regions of green and brown algae revealed high homologies with the yellow-green freshwater algae Tribonema (99.9~100%). CLSM imaging indicates a loss of active chloroplasts in the algae cells, which may be responsible for the change in color in Tribonema. Fe(III)-precipitates on algal cells identified as ferrihydrite and schwertmannite were associated with microbes and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-like glycoconjugates. While the green algae were fully encrusted with Fe-precipitates, the brown algae often exhibited discontinuous series of precipitates. This pattern was likely due to the intercalary growth of algal filaments which allowed them to avoid fatal encrustation. 16S rRNA gene targeted studies based on DNA and RNA revealed that Gallionella-related FeOB dominated the bacterial RNA and DNA communities (70–97 and 63–96%, respectively) suggesting their contribution to Fe(II) oxidation. Quantitative PCR revealed higher Gallionella-related 16S rRNA gene copy numbers on the surface of green algae compared to the brown algae. The latter harbored a higher microbial diversity, including some putative predators of algae. Lower photosynthetic activities of the brown algae lead to reduced EPS production which may have enabled predator colonization. The differences observed between green and brown algae suggest that metal-tolerant Tribonema sp. provide suitable microenvironments for microaerophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria. However, high levels of iron orchres can be fatal to the alga.
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Mišurcová, L., S. Kráčmar, B. Klejdus, and J. Vacek. "Nitrogen content, dietary fiber, and digestibility in algal food products." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 1 (February 18, 2010): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2009-cjfs.

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The basic nutritional aspects and parameters of freshwater and marine algal food products are described. Blue-green algae (<I>Spirulina pacifica, S. platensis</I>), green algae (<I>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</I>), red algae (<I>Palmaria palmata, Porphyra tenera</I>), and brown algae (<I>Eisenia bicyclis, Hizikia fusiformis, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida</I>) were used for this purpose. The ash content, total nitrogen, dietary fibers, and in vitro digestibility of the above-mentioned algal species were studied. The ash contents amounted to 8–11% (for freshwater) and 9–33% (for marine) of the weights of the algal samples. The total nitrogen contents were analysed using a modified Winkler’s method; in the process, higher nitrogen contents were observed in freshwater algae than in marine ones. For the analysis of dietary fiber contents, the instrument Ankom<sup>220</sup> Fibre Analyser was used. The marine brown algae species were generally assigned higher contents of dietary fiber than the freshwater algal products. The results of the dietary fiber analysis differed with the methodologies used. Pepsin, pancreatin, and a combination of both were applied for the study of <I>in vitro</I> digestibility. Generally, brown algae showed the worst digestibility in comparison with other algal food products.
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Remya, R. R., Antony V. Samrot, S. Suresh Kumar, V. Mohanavel, Alagar Karthick, V. Kumar Chinnaiyan, Dhamodharan Umapathy, and M. Muhibbullah. "Bioactive Potential of Brown Algae." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (May 6, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9104835.

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Marine-derived natural products are rich source of secondary metabolites with huge potentials including novel therapeutic agents. Marine algae are considered to be a good source of secondary metabolites with versatile bioactivities. During the last few decades, researches related to natural products obtained from brown algae have remarkably escalated as they contain active compounds with varied biologically activities like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiparasitic properties. The main bioactive components such as phlorotannin, fucoxanthin, alginic acid, fucoidan, and laminarin have been briefly discussed here, together with their composition and biological activities. In this review, the biological function of extracts and the metabolites of brown algae as well as their pharmacological impacts with the description of the possible mechanism of their action are described and discussed. Also, this study is expected to examine the multifunctional properties of brown algae that facilitate natural algal products, including the ability to integrate these functional properties in a variety of applications.
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Li, Jun, Chao Cai, Chendong Yang, Jianghua Li, Tiantian Sun, and Guangli Yu. "Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 11 (August 6, 2019): 1290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190618143952.

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Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structural and biological features of brown algal polysaccharides, including alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins, and it highlights recently developed approaches used to obtain the oligo- and polysaccharides with defined structures. Functional modification of these polysaccharides promotes their advanced applications in biomedical materials for controlled release and targeted drug delivery, etc. Moreover, brown algal polysaccharides and their derivatives possess numerous biological activities with anticancer, anticoagulant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. In addition, we also discuss carbohydrate- based substrates from brown algae, which are currently in clinical and preclinical studies, as well as the marine drugs that are already on the market. The present review summarizes the recent development in carbohydratebased products from brown algae, with promising findings that could rapidly facilitate the future discovery of novel marine drugs.
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Hultgren, Kristin M., and Hannah Mittelstaedt. "Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.739.

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Abstract Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea (Idotea) wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats (the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthalia floccosa) matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size: smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation experiments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits: brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats survived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that background matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods.
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Pangestuti, Ratih, and Singgih Wibowo. "Prospects and Health Promoting Effects of Brown Algal-derived Natural Pigments." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i1.26.

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Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate novel bioactive compounds from marine resources. Among marine resources, marine brown algae are considered valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds such as chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll has been known for its antioxidant activity; meanwhile carotenoid is well known for its anticancer and anti-obesity properties. Therefore, marine brown algal-derived natural pigments have great potential for further development of valuable products in nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical areas. This contribution presents an overview of potential health benefits properties, and prospects of natural pigments derived from marine brown algae. Keywords: Marine algae, natural pigments, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical.
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Luthringer, R., A. Cormier, S. Ahmed, A. F. Peters, J. M. Cock, and S. M. Coelho. "Sexual dimorphism in the brown algae." Perspectives in Phycology 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/2198-011x/2014/0002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brown algae"

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Stevens, Kim. "Multiplicity of viral infection in brown algae." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3156.

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Brown algae are important primary producers and habitat formers in coastal environments and are believed to have evolved multicellularity independently of the other eukaryotes. The phaeoviruses that infect them form a stable lysogenic relationship with their host via genome integration, but have only been extensively studied in two genera: Ectocarpus and Feldmannia. In this study I aim to improve our understanding of the genetic diversity, host range and distribution of phaeoviruses. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of amplified fragments of three core phaeoviral genes (encoding major capsid protein (MCP), DNA polymerase and superfamily III helicase) of phaeovirus infected algae confirmed the suspected phaeoviral identity of viruses infecting E. fasciculatus, F. simplex, Pilayella littoralis, Myriotrichia clavaeformis and Hincksia hincksiae. Furthermore, this approach revealed multiple virus sequence variants within individual strains, and moreover that the variants formed two distinct subgroups. Subgroup A was highly conserved and observed in multiple algal genera, whereas subgroup B was much more diverse, but only found in Feldmannia species. Transcriptome sequencing of an actively infected F. irregularis strain revealed polymorphisms within key viral genes, suggesting that multiple variants were indeed active within this strain. High resolution melt curve (HRM) technology was used to develop a high throughput screening method for detecting phaeoviral MCP as a proxy for detection of phaeoviruses. This technique was also able to assign 88% of those detected to one of the subgroups, based on their differing melting temperature distributions. This was then applied to 1034 Ectocarpus isolates collected from around Europe and South America, and in accordance with previous studies of phaeoviral infection, 43-79% of strains contain virus sequence (depending on species). 17% of the isolates tested even contained sequence from both subgroups. 82 Laminariales strains, close relatives of the Ectocarpales, were also screened because they comprise commercially important kelp species but are not known to be infected by viruses. 10-17% of these tested positive for phaeoviral MCP, which when sequenced formed a separate group within the phaeoviruses. This finding could have a major impact on the kelp farming industry if the viruses are found to affect reproduction as happens in the Ectocarpales. The discovery of two subgroups is contrary to current beliefs that the phaeoviruses are a single monophyletic group, and that each species of alga has its own phaeovirus, casting doubt on the usefulness of the current convention of naming each phaeovirus after its host. It appears that the subgroup B viruses have begun to evolve away from the stable, K-selected subgroup A viruses towards a more r- type strategy with higher mutation and diversification. This study has identified potential mechanisms that may influence this shift, including mutations in a region of the DNA polymerase known to negatively affect DNA replication fidelity, combined with an active integrase and lack of a proofreading exonuclease, along with the observed infection of individuals with both phaeovirusal subgroups. The resulting mutations and recombinations could lead to the diversity observed here, and may provide a suitable model for the study of other emergent virus infections.
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Murúa, Pedro. "Molecular and cell biology of novel brown algal pathosystems." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238693.

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Algae are increasingly being used in human affairs. Alongside with higher volumes, threats for seaweed natural reservoirs and seaweed farming are starting to appear. Epidemics seems a key complication, similar to agriculture and animal aquaculture. However, phycopathologies are much more under documented, and future diseases are currently difficult to foresee. Thus, efforts should be stressed on biodiversity of algal pathogens and algal defense strategies against diseases. This thesis is divided in two parts: the first section comprises Chapters Two and Three, which describe novel algal pathosystems from cell biology and molecular phylogeny perspectives. Chapter Two characterizes the obligate parasite Maullinia braseltonii sp. nov., a phytomyxid infecting Durvillaea (bull kelp) in the Southern hemisphere. Chapter Three reports new records, cell plasticity and epidemiology of the endophyte Laminariocolax aecidioides infecting Lessonia berteroana (huiro negro) in northern Chile. The two hosts aforementioned have commercial importance, and remarkable roles in coastal ecology in temperate marine habitats in the Southern hemisphere. Chapters Four, Five and Six correspond to a second section and describe cellular processes in novel brown algal pathosystems, related with infection and immunity responses. In Chapter Four, using the Macrocystis/Anisolpidium as a model, microscopy evidence indicate that autophagy is a key cellular process used either to help starving pathogen syncytia to survive (controlled) or to kill themselves (abortive), probably induced by the host. Likewise, host autophagy was also widely observed and may be involved in the neutralization of early-stage oomycetes or nutrient recycling to mount defences. Chapter Five shows the results on a screening of ca. 40 strains from different brown algal orders, to phenotype cellular defense markers against two phylogenetic distant pathogens (Anisolpidium ectocarpii and Maullinia ectocarpii). Overall, responses such as cell wall re-arrangements, programmed cell death, autophagy and ROS accumulation were confirmed to be at least partially conserved across different Phaeophycean lineages. Chapter 6 reports a boost on the phlorotannin metabolism in the model brown alga Ectocarpus (e.g. physode formation and polyketide synthase gene expression) after pathogen challenging, suggesting a similar protective role of this molecule as against grazers and deleterious light regimes. Phlorotannins role however needs to be elucidated.
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Hotchkiss, Sarah L. "Life history strategies of three species of Cystophora (Phaeophyta, Fucales) from a shallow subtidal community in South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh832.pdf.

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Torode, Thomas Adrian. "Molecular probes for the cell walls of brown algae." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12218/.

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The brown algae are an abundant source of renewable biomass that do not require arable land or fresh water for cultivation. Cell walls of the brown algae contain a range of unique polysaccharides with useful bioactivities; namely the sulphated fucans and alginate. The generation and characterisation of ten new monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) towards components of brown algal cell walls are described. Four MAbs, BAM1 to BAM4, recognise un-sulphated (BAM1) and sulphated (BAM2/3/4) structures of the sulphated fucans. Six MAbs, GIN1 to GIN6, recognise different structures of the alginate, ranging from high mannuronate content (GIN4) to high guluronate content (GIN6). The combination of these new MAbs, pre-existing knowledge of the brown algal cell walls and, techniques commonly used in land plant cell walls have allowed an extensive study of cell wall architecture in the brown algae. The extraction and fractionation of the cell wall has revealed that the sulphated fucans and alginate are distributed throughout the cell wall architecture and that there are differences in cell wall architecture between orders of the brown algae. Investigation into the abundance of sulphated fucans in the intertidal zone showed trends for increased sulphated fucan content higher up the intertidal zone (as determined by BAM3 and BAM4), but also revealed a ubiquitously distributed set of sulphated fucans (as determined by BAM1 and BAM2). Within tissues of the algae; sulphate fucans and alginate are spatially distributed both in terms of abundance and incorporation into the cell wall architecture – and these traits are shared between species of Fucus. Use of indirect immunohistochemistry allowed dissection of the sulphated fucan and alginate distribution in muro (in wall); revealing cell type specificity and patterning of the polysaccharides.
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Jorge, Ricardo Ferreira. "Isolation and structural characterization of fucoidans from the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15669.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Molecular
agricultural, pharmaceutical, cosmetic or bioenergy applications. They contain bioactive compounds, namely, polysaccharides Fucoidan. These polysaccharides are mainly constituted by fucose residues and sulfate esters, and have been reported to possess a broad variety of bioactivities, such as anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral and antioxidant. In this work, the fucoidans from brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus from “Ria de Aveiro” were isolated and characterized in order to add value to this natural resource of the region. The polysaccharides from the algae were extracted with hot water and fractioned by ethanol precipitation and calcium chloride salts. They were further purified by using anion-exchange chromatography, allowing to separate the neutral polysaccharides (laminaranas) from those negatively charged (sulfated fucoidans and alginate). The purified polysaccharides showed high content of fucose (41 mol%) and sulfates (50 mol%), having also galactose residues (6 mol%), which confirm the presence of only sulfated fucoidans. Glycosidic linkages analysis show the presence of high amounts of terminal fucose (25%) and (1→3,4)-Fuc (26%), allowing to infer that the fucoidans were highly branched. These fucoidans are composed also by (1→2)-Fuc (14%) and (1→3)-Fuc linkages (10-16%). In this work it was also tested an alternative extraction technology, the microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity system, where it was possible to extract sugars, although in low yields. However, this methodology allowed to extract polysaccharides, constituted mainly by fucose and uronic acids, as well as mannitol, without the need to add any solvent, obtaining at the end the dry alga. The current work allowed to characterize the structure of the fucoidans isolated from “Ria de Aveiro” F. vesiculosus. The presence of high content of sulfate residues and the high branch degree of the purified fucoidans allow to infer that these polysaccharides could have potential to be studied for biomedical applications, according to their biological activities.
As algas castanhas fazem parte de um grupo de organismos cuja utilização tem vindo a crescer nas áreas da alimentação, agricultura, farmacêutica, cosmética e bioenergia. Estas algas são constituídas por diversos compostos com atividades biológicas destacando-se as fucoidanas. Estas são polissacarídeos compostos maioritariamente por fucose e ésteres de sulfato, apresentando várias atividades biológicas, tais como anticoagulante, anti trombótica, anti-inflamatória, anti-tumoral, antivírica e antioxidante. Neste trabalho foram isoladas e caracterizadas as fucoidanas da alga castanha, Fucus vesiculosus, da Ria de Aveiro de forma a potenciar este recurso natural da região. Os polissacarídeos constituintes da alga foram extraídos com água quente e fracionados por precipitação em etanol e sais de cloreto de cálcio. Os polissacarídeos foram purificados utilizando uma cromatografia de troca aniónica, permitindo separar os polímeros neutros (laminaranas) dos carregados negativamente (fucoidanas sulfatadas e alginatos). Os polissacarídeos purificados eram constituídos por fucose (41 mol%) e sulfatos (50 mol%), contendo também galactose (6% mol), comprovando a presença de apenas fucoidanas sulfatadas. A análise das ligações glicosídicas, mostrou a presença de fucose terminal (25%) e (1→3,4)-Fuc (26%), demonstrando que as fucoidanas eram muito ramificadas. Outras ligações presentes são (1→2-)-Fuc (15%) e (1→3)-Fuc. Neste trabalho foi também testada uma tecnologia de extração alternativa, o sistema de micro-ondas de hidro-difusão e gravidade, onde foi possível extrair alguns açúcares, embora com rendimentos reduzidos. Esta metodologia permitiu extrair os polissacarídeos, constituídos por fucose e ácidos urónicos, e também manitol sem necessidade de adicionar qualquer solvente e permitindo obter a alga seca no final da extração. Este trabalho permitiu caracterizar estruturalmente as fucoidanas isoladas do F. vesiculosus da Ria de Aveiro. A elevada quantidade de ésteres de sulfato e o elevado grau de ramificação sugere que estes polissacarídeos têm potencial para serem estudados em relação às suas atividades biológicas para serem usados em aplicações biomédicas.
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Pelletreau, Karen Nicole. "The application of molecular tools towards the study of brown algal chemical ecology and the production of phlorotannins." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 230 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601234901&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Bown, Polly Louise. "Endophytic green and brown algae associated with a population of Chondrus crispus Stackhouse." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/ec8625fb-5396-4366-9a6c-93dadc2ff699.

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Ruchonnet, Diane Astrid. "The chemical ecology and antibacterial activity of the brown alga Halidrys siliquosa and other Scottish seaweeds." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186834.

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In regard to the more and more restrictive legislations on the use of organotins in antifouling coatings the need for the development of 'environmentally friendly' antifouling formulations becomes urgent. This study was initiated by the screening of the antifouling activity of Scottish algae against marine fouling bacteria aI;ld was followed by an examination ofthe chemical ecology ofthe brown alga Halidrys siliquosa. Of eleven algal species tested, eight exhibited good antifouling activity, confirming marine algae as a potential source for the development ofnovel antifouling formulations. H. siliquosa crude extracts tested at concentrations equivalent to whole algal tissue inhibited bacterial growth, with bacteria isolated from the surface orH. siliquosa being less sensitive to the extracts compared to bacteria isolated from stones and open seawater. This suggested for the first time that bacteria associated with the surface of the seaweed had evolved some kind of resistance to the plant antimicrobial activity. Characterisation of the active components using NMR spectroscopy showed the activity to be largely associated with the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Examination of purified fractions using GCIMS allowed identification and quantification of PUFAs 18:2, 18:4, 20:4 and 20:5. A separate study, determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of 18:2 and 20:4 against marine fouling bacteria indicated that both acids were present in sufficient concentrations in the plant to inhibit bacterial growth. The presence of PUPAs on the surface of the seaweed could not be demonstrated using a surface dip technique; however, this technique was originally developed for the extraction of non-polar metabolites only. This study suggests that PUFAs produced by H. siliquosa are potentially able to regulate biofouling by means of disrupting the early stage of biofilm development, i.e. bacterial colonisation. However, to confirm this hypothesis, the presence of PUFAs on the surface of the plant' still needs to be demonstrated.
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Linardic, Marina. "The role of brown algal cell walls in morphogenesis and development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274933.

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Morphogenesis in walled organisms represents a highly controlled process by which the variability of shapes arises through changes in the structure and mechanics of the cell wall. Despite taking different evolutionary paths, land plants and some brown algae exhibit great developmental and morphological similarities. In two brown algal model systems: the Sargassum muticum apex and the Fucus serratus embryo, I have used a combination of imaging techniques, growth analyses, surgical and pharmacological treatments, as well as molecular, biochemical and mechanical approaches to characterise the growth patterns and the cell wall contribution to shape change. To understand how the adult algal body is formed, I examined the branching strategy (phyllotaxis) in S. muticum. My results suggest that in S. muticum the spiral phyllotactic pattern and the apical cell division pattern are not linked. The phytohormone auxin and the biochemical changes of the cell wall do not seem to be correlated with the bud outgrowth, contrary to observations in plants. In summary, these results suggest Sargassum convergently developed a distinct growth mechanism with similar shape outcome as observed in plants. This dissertation is one of the first attempts to explore cell wall mechanics in brown algal development and its correlation with underlying cell wall biochemistry utilising the Fucus embryo as a known system. The results suggest a correlation between the wall mechanics and alginate biochemistry with the growing and non-growing regions of the embryo. In addition, altering cell wall deposition or composition has a strong effect on embryo rhizoid elongation and is, in certain cases, accompanied by significant increase in cell wall stiffness and reduction of alginate epitopes. Furthermore, preliminary results exploring transcriptomic changes during development indicate differential expression of particular alginate biosynthesis enzymes (mannuronan C5 epimerases) during development, suggesting alginate conformational modifications might be stage specific. These results contribute to the current knowledge addressing the importance of cell walls in brown algal development using novel tools and approaches. Understanding developmental processes in brown algae will provide a better insight how similar morphogenetic traits are established using different body-building mechanisms.
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Creis, Emeline. "Etude de la voie de biosynthèse des phlorotannins chez les algues brunes, de la caractérisation biochimique d'enzymes recombinantes à l'étude des réponses écophysiologiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066095/document.

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Les phlorotannins, polymères du phloroglucinol, sont des composés phénoliques (CP) uniquement retrouvés chez les algues brunes (Phéophycées). Ces métabolites présentant des activités anti-oxydantes, interviendraient dans la formation de la paroi, mais à ce jour leur voie de biosynthèse reste non élucidée. L'annotation du génome de l'algue brune Ectocarpus, a permis d'identifier des gènes homologues codant pour des enzymes de la biosynthèse des CP chez les plantes terrestres. Une polyketide synthase de type III (PKSIII), a été caractérisée: elle synthétise le phloroglucinol. La recherche d'autres cibles a été poursuivie sur des gènes codant pour des chalcone-isomérases-like (CHIL), ainsi que pour des phénol-sulfotransférases homologues d'enzymes de sulfatation des flavonoïdes. Les CHIL se sont révélées être des fatty acid binding protein (FAP) impliquées dans le métabolisme des acides gras. L'intérêt pour cette nouvelle famille a justifié leur caractérisation biochimique puis fonctionnelle par complémentation de mutants FAP d'Arabidopsis thaliana. L'élucidation progressive des voies de biosynthèse des phlorotannins a servi de base pour étudier les mécanismes de régulation de ce métabolisme chez les Phaeophycées. En combinant des approches intégrées d'expression de gènes cibles, de dosages et de profilages de phlorotannins solubles, nous avons pu montrer que ces composés assurent une protection constitutive chez Fucus vesiculosus en réponse aux UV-B, et que leur métabolisme serait induit très précocement au cours de l'herbivorie. Le développement d'outils moléculaires spécifiques de ces voies métaboliques, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en écophysiologie et en écologie
Phlorotannins are polymers of phloroglucinol that are specific phenolic compounds of brown algae (Phaeophyceae). These metabolites present antioxidant activities and are potentially involved in the formation of cell-walls but their biosynthetic pathway is currently uncharacterized. The genome annotation of the brown algae Ectocarpus provided some information about conserved genes which are implicated in the synthesis of phenolics in terrestrial plants. One polyketide synthase of type III (PKSIII) has been successfully characterized: it produces phloroglucinol. The search for other targets has been pursued in brown algae focusing mainly on chalcone isomerase-like (CHI-like) genes, as well as on phenol-sulfotransferases, which are implicated in the sulfation of flavonoids. The characterization of CHIL has revealed their implication in fatty acid binding (FAP). However, the level of interest for this new family has led to their biochemical characterization and to functional studies by complementation of gene in the Arabidopsis thaliana FAP mutant. The progressive elucidation of the phlorotannin biosynthesis pathway has been used in order to discover mechanisms which regulate this metabolism in brown algae. By combining integrated approaches of gene expression profiling with the quantification and profiling of soluble phlorotannins, we have shown that these metabolites ensure the constitutive protection in Fucus vesiculosus against UV-B radiation and could also be induced as a very early response to grazing. The development of specific molecular tools for this metabolic pathway opens some news perspectives in ecophysiological and ecological studies
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Books on the topic "Brown algae"

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Gómez, Iván M. Life strategy and ecophysiology of Antarctic macroalgae =: Lebensstrategie und ökophysiologie mariner Braunalgen der Arktis. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1997.

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Klochkova, N. G. Atlas vodorosleĭ-makrofitov prikamchatskikh vod. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiĭ: Kamchatskiĭ NII rybnogo khozi︠a︡ĭstva i okeanografii, 2009.

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E, Payri Claude, ed. Marine algal flora of French Polynesia. Paris: Laboratoire de cryptogamie, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006.

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Emergency, Conference on "Brown Tide" and Other Unusual Algal Blooms (1986 Hauppauge N. Y. ). Proceedings of the Emergency Conference on "Brown Tide" and other Unusual Algal Blooms, October 23 and 24, 1986, Hauppauge, New York. [New York?]: The Authority, 1986.

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Emergency Conference on "Brown Tide" and Other Unusual Algal Blooms (1986 Hauppauge, N.Y.). Proceedings of the Emergency Conference on "Brown Tide" and Other Unusual Algal Blooms, October 23 and 24, 1986, Hauppauge, New York. [New York, N.Y.?: The Port Authority [printer], 1989.

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Klochkova, N. G. Vidovoĭ sostav i osobennosti vegetat︠s︡ii vodorosleĭ-makrofitov v Avachinskom zalive. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiĭ: KamchatGTU, 2009.

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(Australia), Materials Research Laboratories, ed. Checklist and bibliography of benthic marine macroalgae recorded from northern Australia. II, Phaeophyta. Ascot Vale, Vic: Dept. of Defence, Materials Research Laboratories, 1985.

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Price, J. H. Seaweeds of the western coast of tropical Africa and adjacent islands: A critical assessment, IV Rhodophyta (Florideae) 2 Genera G. London: British Museum (Natural History), 1988.

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Laturnus, Frank. Bildung und Abgabe kurzkettiger halogenierter Kohlenwasserstoffe durch Makroalgen der Polarregionen =: Formation and release of low-molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbons by macroalgae from polar regions. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1993.

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M, Jones Joanna, Holt T. J, Morley J. G, and Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development., eds. The cultivation of large brown algae as an energy crop. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brown algae"

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Verma, Priyanka, Alok Arun, and Dinabandhu Sahoo. "Brown Algae." In The Algae World, 177–204. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7321-8_6.

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Theodorou, Ioannis, and Bénédicte Charrier. "Brown Algae." In Handbook of Marine Model Organisms in Experimental Biology, 27–47. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217503-2.

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Aly, Shaza H., Esraa A. Elhawary, Ahmed M. Elissawy, Nada M. Mostafa, Omayma A. Eldahshan, and Abdel Nasser B. Singab. "Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)." In Aquatic Medicinal Plants, 203–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003256830-13.

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Wehr, John D. "Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) in Rivers." In River Algae, 129–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31984-1_6.

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Bhardwaj, Nitika, Chitra Sharma, S. K. Mandotra, and A. S. Ahluwalia. "Potential of Golden Brown Algae in Forensic Analysis: A Review." In Algae, 353–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_16.

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Kumar, Savindra, Pooja Baweja, and Dinabandhu Sahoo. "Diatoms: Yellow or Golden Brown Algae." In The Algae World, 235–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7321-8_8.

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Younas, Umair, Sana Tehseen, Fazlullah Khan, and Kamal Niaz. "Brown Algae (Fucoxanthin) Against Cancer." In Food Bioactive Ingredients, 99–127. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74035-1_6.

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Bowen, I. H., and I. J. Cubbin. "Fucus Vesiculosus and Allied Brown Algae." In Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs, 37–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60367-9_5.

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Müller, Dieter G. "Host—virus interactions in marine brown algae." In Fifteenth International Seaweed Symposium, 21–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1659-3_3.

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Kajiwara, Tadahiko, Kazuya Kodama, Akikazu Hatanaka, and Kenji Matsui. "Volatile Compounds from Japanese Marine Brown Algae." In ACS Symposium Series, 103–20. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0525.ch009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brown algae"

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BIKOVENS, Oskars, Jevgenija PONOMARENKO, Sarmite JANCEVA, Maris LAUBERTS, Laima VEVERE, and Galina TELYSHEVA. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE APPROACHES FOR COMPLEX UTILIZATION OF BROWN ALGAE (FUCUS VESICULOSUS) BIOMASS FOR THE OBTAINING OF VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.091.

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The seaweed collected after stranding on beaches of Latvia is underexploited natural resource, which has a potential as raw material for biologically active compound extraction for cosmetic and pharmacy and fertilizer in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was development of the approach for the processing of brown alga Fucus vesiculosus biomass, collected from the Gulf of Riga. The thorough characterization of the chemical composition of Fucus vesiculosus has shown that it is a potential source for obtaining of nitrogen-containing fertilizers, and biologically active compounds. One of the proposed approaches for the processing of the Fucus vesiculosus biomass under study includes algae extraction with organic solvents and CaCl2 solution and obtaining soil organic amendment on the basis of the extract-free residue. The ethyl acetate extract was rich in phenolic compounds (430 ± 30 GAE mg/g) with high antioxidant activity in DPPH• and ABTS•+ tests. The ethanol extract contained significant amounts of phlorotannins that was confirmed by the data of LC-MS/MS analysis. The CaCl2 extract was used for the obtaining of sulphated polysaccharide fucoidane (yield ≈7% on the basis of oven dry matter, o.d.m.), which has numerous biological activities. The extract-free residue didn’t show phytotoxicity. The extract free algal biomass exhibited positive effect in root elongation tests with oat (Avena sativa). As alternative approach for processing of the algal biomass, the mechano-chemical treatment of algal biomass with lignin was proposed. EPR analyses confirmed interaction between algal biomass and lignin.
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Astrauskas, T., V. Monin, and T. Januševičius. "Sound Absorption of Dried Brown, Red and Green Algae." In 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. Turin, Italy: European Acoustics Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0013.

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Chernova, E. N., and E. V. Lysenko. "SHANTAR ISLANDS: BROWN ALGAE AND BIVALVE MOLLUSCS TRACE ELEMENTS COMPOSITION PECULIARITY." In Геосистемы Северо-Восточной Азии. Владивосток: Тихоокеанский институт географии ДВО РАН, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/9785604701171_145.

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Kase, Alfred G. O., Yohanes Merryanto, Wilson Tisera, Donny M. Bessie, Rockie R. L. Supit, Dionisius A. Samsop, Beatrix M. Rehatta, et al. "Composition of pigments in brown algae collected from Bolok marine waters." In THE 7TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: The 15th Asian Congress on Biotechnology in conjunction with the 7th International Symposium on Biomedical Engineering (ACB-ISBE 2022). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0194092.

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Клочкова, Н. Г., and О. В. Перервенко. "DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSES OF NEUTROPHILIC CELLS TO STIMULATION OF THEIR FUNCTIONS IN VITRO BY AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF KAMCHATKA BROWN ALGAE." In ХXIV международная научная конференция сохранение биоразнообразия Камчатки и прилегающих морей. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53657/kbpgi041.2023.46.96.040.

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РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ОТВЕТНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫХ КЛЕТОК НА СТИМУЛЯЦИЮ ИХ ФУНКЦИЙ IN VITRO ВОДНЫМИ ЭКСТРАКТАМИ КАМЧАТСКИХ БУРЫХ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSES OF NEUTROPHILIC CELLS TO STIMULATION OF THEIR FUNCTIONS IN VITRO BY AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF KAMCHATKA BROWN ALGAE
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Bastos, Camila F. Secco, Maria Carpena, Franklin Chamorro, Rafael Nogueira-Marques, Aurora Silva, Maria Fátima Barroso, Marlene Santos, and Miguel A. Prieto. "Phlorotannins as Bioactive Agents from Brown Algae: Chemical Characterization and Extraction Methods." In IECBM 2024. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024103061.

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Al-AShwal, Aisha Ahmed, Noora Al-Naimi, Jassim Al-Khayat, Bruno Giraldes, Najat Al-Omari, Noora Al-Fardi, Caesar Sorino, and Ekhlas Abdelbari. "Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Marine Macroalgae in Islands around Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0052.

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Extending into the Arabian Gulf, Qatar is surrounded by a number of islands mostly scattered by the eastern coastline. With the unique physical characteristics of the Gulf, which is a highly saline sea with high seawater temperatures, there is an urge need to investigate the macroalgae living in such harsh environment. Macroalgae plays an important role in the food web as they are primary producers and providers of food for other organisms. They also provide shelter and habitat in the marine ecosystem for herbivorous fish and other invertebrate animals. Additionally, macroalgae plays an outstanding role in reducing CO2 from the atmosphere and increasing the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. However, there are few studies on marine macroalgae in Qatar and no previous studies found related to macroalgae from the islands around Qatar. The present work contributes to the macroalgae research by providing the first survey of distribution and diversity of benthic marine macroalgae in islands around Qatar. The marine benthic green, red and brown macroalgae of intertidal and subtidal in marine zone areas around Qatar were collected during Qatar’s Islands project, which started 2018. The collected macroalgae are documented and a total of 67 species of macroalgae are recorded for all islands around Qatar, 24 Chlorophyta (Green algae), 25 Rhodophyta (Red algae) and 18 species Phaeophyta (Brown algae). The Red algae are dominant taxon in term of species richness, accounting for an average of 37% of the species at all study sites. The islands which had more species are Al-Beshaireya 58 Species, Al-Aaliya 53 Species, Sheraouh 48 Species, Janan 43 Species and Bu Felaita 37 Species. Our results show that islands located at eastern and southeastern coast of Qatar have more diversity of algae species than those located at the western and northwestern coast.
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Zheng-jun, Gong, Zhang Zhi-peng, Chen Yu, and Wang Dong-mei. "Adsorption of Nickel in Water by Brown Algae: Laminaria Japonica and Undaria Pinnatifida." In 2010 International Conference on Challenges in Environmental Science and Computer Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cesce.2010.136.

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Santoro, A., M. Ricci, M. F. Tumba-Tshilumba, and A. Held. "Developing a new certified reference material of brown algae for trace metal analysis." In SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/chem110161.

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Ayrapetyan, O. N., E. V. Zhurishkina, E. D. Obluchinskaya, A. A. Kulminskaya, and I. M. Lapina. "Study of the antibacterial properties of sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae Fucus vesiculosus." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.029.

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Two fractions of fucoidans were identified and characterized, and their effects on bacteria were investigated. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined, and the effect on the formation of biofilms was studied.
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Reports on the topic "Brown algae"

1

Meints, Russel H. Mechanisms of Viral Infection in Marine Brown Algae. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330610.

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Hamilton, T., T. Brown, A. Marchetti, R. Martinelli, and S. Kehl. Determination of Plutonium Activity Concentrations and 240Pu/239Pu Atom Ratios in Brown Algae (Fucus distichus) Collected from Amchitka Island, Alaska. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15016341.

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Whitaker, Stephen. Rocky intertidal community monitoring at Channel Islands National Park: 2018–19 annual report. National Park Service, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299674.

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Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern islands off the coast of southern California (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara Islands) and the surrounding waters out one nautical mile. There are approximately 176 miles of coastline around the islands, about 80% of which is composed of rock. The diversity and undisturbed nature of the tidepools of this rocky coastline were recognized as special features of the islands in the enabling legislation. To conserve these communities unimpaired for future generations, the National Park Service has been monitoring the rocky intertidal communities at the islands since 1982. Sites were established between 1982 and 1998. Site selection considered visitation, accessibility, presence of representative organisms, wildlife disturbance, and safety. This report summarizes the 2018–2019 sampling year efforts (from November 2018 to April 2019) and findings of the Channel Islands National Park Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring Program. Specific monitoring objectives are 1) to determine the long-term trends in percent cover of key sessile organisms in the rocky intertidal ecosystem, and 2) to determine population dynamics of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii), owl limpets (Lottia gigantea), and ochre sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus). Objectives were met by monitoring percent cover of core species in target intertidal zones using photoplots and transects, and by measuring size frequency and abundance of black abalone, owl limpets, and sea stars using fixed plots or timed searches. Twelve key species or assemblages, as well as the substrate, tar, have been monitored twice per year at 21 sites on the five park islands as part of the rocky intertidal community monitoring program. Fixed photoplots were used to monitor the percent cover of thatched and acorn barnacles (Tetraclita rubescens, Balanus glandula/Chthamalus spp., respectively), mussels (Mytilus californianus), rockweeds (Silvetia compressa, and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), turfweed (Endocladia muricata), goose barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) and tar. Point-intercept transects were used to determine the percent cover of surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp.). Information about size distribution (i.e., “size frequency” data) was collected for owl limpets in circular plots. Size distribution and relative abundance of black abalone and ochre sea stars were determined using timed searches. The maximum number of shorebirds and pinnipeds seen at one time were counted at each site. The number of concession boat visitors to the Anacapa tidepools was collected and reported. All sites were monitored in 2018–2019. This was the third year that we officially reduced our sampling interval from twice per year (spring and fall) to once in order to streamline the program and allow for the implementation of additional protocols. Weather conditions during the site visits were satisfactory, but high wind coupled with strong swell and surge limited or prevented the completion of some of the abalone and sea star searches. The percent cover for most key species or assemblages targeted in the photoplots was highly variable among sites. Mussel (Mytilus californianus) cover remained below average at Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands. Record or near record low abundances for Mytilus were measured at Middle West Anacapa (Anacapa Island), Harris Point (San Miguel Island), Prisoner’s Harbor (Santa Cruz Island), and Sea Lion Rookery (Santa Barbara Island) sites. The only site that appeared to have above average Mytilus cover was Scorpion Rock on Santa Cruz Island. All other sites had mussel cover near or below the long-term mean. Qualitatively, Mytilus recruitment appeared low at most sites. Both rockweed species, Silvetia compressa and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), continued to decrease markedly in abundance this year at the majority of sites compared to combined averages for previous years. Fossil Reef and Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Sea Lion Rookery on Santa Barbara Island, and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island were the only sites that supported Silvetia cover that was near the long-term mean. No sites exhibited above average cover of rockweed. Extremely high levels of recruitment for Silvetia and Pelvetiopsis were documented at many sites. Most sites exhibited marked declines in S. compressa abundances beginning in the early 2000s, with little recovery observed for the rockweed through this year. Barnacle (Chthamalus/Balanus spp.) cover fell below the long-term means at all islands except Anacapa, where barnacle cover was slightly above average. Endocladia muricata abundances remained comparable to the grand mean calculated for previous years at Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, while cover of the alga decreased slightly below the long-term means at Anacapa and San Miguel Islands. Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) abundances at the islands remain less than one percent of 1985 population levels. Zero abalone were found throughout the entire site at Landing Cove on Santa Barbara Island and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island. Above average abundances relative to the long-term mean generated from post-1995 data were observed at all but five sites. Juvenile black abalone were seen at all islands except Santa Barbara. Ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) populations crashed in 2014 at all monitoring sites due to Sea Star Wasting Syndrome, an illness characterized by a suite of symptoms that generally result in death. The mortality event was widely considered to be the largest mortality event for marine diseases ever seen. Beginning in June 2013, the disease swiftly and significantly impacted P. ochraceus (among other species of sea stars) populations along the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. By the beginning of 2014, P. ochraceus abundances had declined by >95% at nearly all Channel Islands long-term intertidal monitoring sites, in addition to numerous other locations along the West Coast. At various times during the past decade, extremely high abundances (~ 500 P. ochraceus) have been observed at multiple sites, and most locations have supported >100 sea stars counted during 30-minute site-wide searches. This year, abundances ranged 0–13 individuals per site with all but one site having fewer than 10 P. ochraceus seen during routine searches. Insufficient numbers of sea stars were seen to accurately estimate the size structure of P. ochraceus populations. Only two juveniles (i.e., <50 mm) were observed at all sites combined. Giant owl limpet densities in 2018–2019 were comparable or slightly above the long-term mean at seven sites. Exceptionally high densities were measured at Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Otter Harbor on San Miguel Island, and Willows Anchorage on Santa Cruz Island. The sizes of L. gigantea this year varied among sites and islands. The smallest L. gigantea were observed at Otter Harbor followed closely by Willows Anchorage and Anacapa Middle West, and the largest were seen at Northwest-Talcott. Temporally, the mean sizes of L. gigantea in 2018–2019 decreased below the long-term mean at each island except Anacapa. Surfgrasses (Phyllospadix spp.) are typically monitored biannually at two sites each on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Beginning in 2015, all transects at each of the monitoring sites were only sampled once per year. At East Point on Santa Rosa Island, the conditions were not conducive to sampling the surfgrass transects, but qualitatively, percent cover of surfgrass appeared to be near 100% on all three transects. Relative to past years, cover of surfgrass increased above the long-term mean at Fraser Cove on Santa Cruz Island, fell slightly below the mean at Trailer on Santa Cruz Island, and remained approximately equivalent to the mean at the two Santa Rosa Island sites. Overall, the abundance and diversity of shorebirds in 2018–2019 at all sites appeared similar to observations made in recent years, with the exception of elevated numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) observed at East Point on Santa Rosa Island. Black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) were the most ubiquitous shorebird seen at all sites. Black turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala) were not common relative to past years. Pinniped abundances remained comparable in 2018–2019 to historical counts for all three species that are commonly seen at the islands. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were seen in the vicinity of eight sites this year. As in past years, harbor seals were most abundant at Otter Harbor and Harris Point on San Miguel Island. Elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) were seen at six sites during the year, where abundances ranged 1–5 individuals per location. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were common at Santa Barbara Island; 117 individuals were observed at Sea Lion Rookery. Sea lion abundances were higher than usual at Harris Point (N = 160) and Otter Harbor (N = 82) on San Miguel Island. Relative to past years, abundances this year were considered average at other locations.
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