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1
Bruton, Elizabeth. "From theory to engineering practice: shared telecommunications knowledge between Oliver Heaviside and his brother and GPO engineer Arthur West Heaviside." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2134 (October 29, 2018): 20170454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0454.
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In May 1900, renowned General Post Office (GPO) engineer Arthur West Heaviside gave the Inaugural Address of the Institution of Electrical Engineers Newcastle local section. With a career spanning the pre-Telegraph Act private telegraph networks as well as the subsequent GPO management and licensing of British inland telecommunications, Arthur Heaviside outlined his innovative and experimental work with all three forms of telecommunication in his various GPO engineering roles based in Newcastle. Omitted from the address was the contribution made by Arthur's younger brother, Oliver Heaviside. Throughout Arthur's career at the GPO, the two brothers exchanged frequent correspondence—some of which has survived in the IET Archives—and Arthur regularly consulted his brother about his experimental work and published papers, incorporating his brother's ideas, suggestions and corrections. The two brothers informally collaborated and published separately upon two key areas of experimentation: duplex telegraphy and the ‘bridge system’ of telephony. The separate publication of the brothers' work in telecommunications was notable: senior and influential GPO electrical engineer William Preece strongly resisted the theoretical work of Oliver Heaviside and other so-called Maxwellians. It was not until the ‘Kennelly–Heaviside layer’, independently proposed by Oliver Heaviside and American electrical engineer Arthur Kennelly in 1902, was experimentally demonstrated in the 1920s that the GPO began to formally engage with the work of Oliver Heaviside. This paper will explore the difficult and complex relationship between Preece and the two Heaviside brothers and how these personal relationships reflect the wider reception of Maxwellian ideas and theorists in British electrical engineering as well as the engineering practice of the GPO, a state institution that could be both innovative and resistant to change in equal measure.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.
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Tang, Tiffany, Maarja-Liisa Nairismagi, Alvin Yu Jin Ng, Byrappa Venkatesh, Joanne Ngeow, Shao-Tzu Li, Yurike Laurensia, et al. "A Case of Two Young Brothers with Natural-Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5293.5293.
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Abstract Introduction: Natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is a rare subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is more prevalent in Asia than in the West. We report a case of two brothers who were diagnosed with NKTL and died of their disease at 23 and 37 years old respectively, and further investigations performed to determine the underlying genetic basis to their disease. Methods Both patients were recruited into the Singapore lymphoma study where retrieval of their clinical data and biospecimens had been approved by the Singhealth instititutional review board. Their clinical courses are described using information from electronic medical records. For the older brother we extracted tumor DNA from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX), and DNA from a buccal swab and peripheral blood (PB) sample. In the younger brother DNA was extracted from normal and tumor tissue from archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. DNA from the unaffected mother, older brother and paternal aunt were obtained from PB and buccal swab samples. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on the younger affected brother's tumor, the older affected brother's, mother's and unaffected brother's blood sample. Subsequent analysis of variants took into account autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked recessive (XR) and autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance models. Candidate genes are validated using Sanger sequencing. Microarray on the older affected brother and 12 sporadic NKTL cases were analyzed. Results The older affected brother was 35 years old when he presented with left nasal blockage in March 2013. He was diagnosed with stage IIA NKTL and treated with 4 cycles of bortezomib-GIFOX as part of a clinical trial followed by radiotherapy to the nasal region. He had primary refractory disease and was further treated with 4 cycles of SMILE followed by high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT). He progressed and received off-label ruxolitinib, and everolimus/HDAC inhibitor as part of a clinical trial. He then had radiotherapy to an ulcerating penile lesion before he died of progressive disease 27months after diagnosis. The younger affected brother was 18 years old when he was diagnosed with NKTL in 1998. He received 6 cycles of CHOP with intravenous high-dose methotrexate and intrathecal methotrexate and went into remission. Three years later, he was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia and 6 years later, he had a relapse of NKTL for which he received ESHAP, TBI and allogeneic bone marrow transplant. He died of transplant related complication 6 years after diagnosis. They both have an older unaffected brother. Their father died of non-malignant condition in his fifties and their mother remains well. They have no other relatives with hematologic malignancy. We have identified several candidate variants and genes on WES that are being validated and functional studies are ongoing. GEP shows 234 genes that are significantly upregulated in the affected brother's tumor compared to 12 sporadic NKTL tumors including p53 and 12 genes that were significantly downregulated including CTLA4 and virus entry pathways. Conclusion: We describe a case of two brothers with a rare lymphoma and the ongoing efforts in elucidating the genetic basis of their disease. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study of its kind to be presented. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kaasik, Peeter. "The Forest Sisters: Women in the Estonian Post-World War II Forest Brother Movement." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 54 (January 8, 2024): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2023.209.
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In historical tradition, the ‘forest brother movement’ means going into hiding in the woods, bogs, or on bog islands to escape wars or looting raids. The term ‘forest brother’ came into use as a more contemporary general term during the German occupation (1941–1944). It originally meant the brotherhood in arms of the time of the Summer War of 1941 but its meaning quickly started broadening. Although forest brothers are even nowadays defined as participants in armed resistance, generally speaking, in historical literature, everyone who hid themselves from the Soviet regime is referred to using this term, regardless of age and gender. While ‘the forest brother movement’ and ‘forest brother’ are established general terms, ‘forest sister’ is more of a colloquial expression. Thus, that term has not gained general acceptance in historical literature. Although as a rule, the gender of forest brothers is abstract in research papers, the term itself can lead to the mistaken understanding that only men hid themselves or fought against the Soviet regime. For that reason, this overview attempts to fill that gap and shed some light on the role of women in the history of the forest brother movement after the Second World War.
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Đekić, Đorđe, and Dragana Milić. "Portraits of the grand knez Vukan in the endowments of Nemanjić's family in the 13th century." Bastina, no. 52 (2020): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina30-29143.
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The portrait of grand knez Vukan, the only modern and fragmentarily preserved one, was located on the North wall of the tower of the main entrance to the Studenica monastery. It is assumed that there was a composition on the North wall of the main entrance in which Simeon with his three sons approaches the Mother of God and Christ. There is a possibility that Vukan, as one of the ktetors of Studenica, was shown in the ktetor's composition. Since then, Vukan has been shown only with Stefan in compositions that illustrate scenes from the Life of Saint Simeon, in Radoslav's narthex and monasteries Gradac and Sopoćani. Due to the usurpation of Stefan's supremacy, Vukan became a sinner who broke his father's vow to live in harmony with his brother. However, after the end of the civil war, the brothers reconciled: Vukan repented for everything that he had done, and Stefan forgave him everything. The peace between them was established by Sava's arrival with the relics of Saint Simeon. Saint Sava arranged the reconciliation of the brothers, and he laid the ideal of brotherly love and harmony in the basis of the ruling ideology of Nemanjić's dynasty. He wanted to emphasize this through paintings, fitting the portraits of his brothers into the iconographic program of the frescoes of the Studenica monastery, and he introduced their names in the founder's inscription. After the frescoes created in 1208/9. Vukan was painted where it made sense, as someone who, in agreement with his brother Stefan, transfers theirs father's relics. Since he does not belong to the main lineage of the dynasty, his portrait wasn't painted in the family compositions of Nemanjićs in the 13th century.
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Al Mosawi, Aamir Jalal. "Autosomal Recessive Autism: Cure of the Major Autistic Features." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/177.
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Background: We have previously reported our extensive experiences with autism disorders and their treatments, and we showed the possibility of curing the major autistic features with a new therapeutic approach which included individualized courses of intramuscular cerebrolysin as the main therapy for the main autistic features. Our previously published experiences included observing the occurrence of atypical autism associated with evidence of mental retardation in four brothers from outside Baghdad, each two of them from two unrelated families. The four patients were treated based on our extensive published experiences with the pharmacological treatments of autism disorders; however, the follow-up and the outcome of treatments of these four children were not described in the previous publications. The aim of this paper is to report the cure of the major autistic features in 2 brothers with autosomal recessive autism. Patients and methods: It was possible to follow the first two brothers for only few weeks and to see them after the first course of treatment, however, the second brothers were followed for more than one year, and it was possible to achieve cure of the main autistic features. Results: After one short course, the first two brothers showed slight but noticeable improvement. The younger brother showed some reduction in autistic features as he developed rather an acceptable eye contact. However, the two brothers were still not responding to name and didn’t say any word. After, treatment, the second two brothers showed no autistic features, and experienced significant improvements in speech and cognitive functions. The older brother was not having autistic features after eighth months, and was obeying commands, but was still saying only few words. The younger brother joined primary school and was doing well apart from some behavioral problems especially running away from school and sometimes breaks things. Conclusion: In this paper, cure of autism has been achieved in two boys with autosomal recessive disorder. However, cure of autism in older children has never been expected to totally normalizes them, as the patients have already lost several years of learning, social adaptation, and maturation of personality and behavior.
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Morkovina, A. V., E. Yu Yuryeva, T. L. Lapina, P. V. Pavlov, A. S. Tertychnyy, and A. A. Sheptulin. "Features of the manifestation and course of Crohn’s disease in three brothers." Sechenov Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/2218-7332.2020.11.3.70-77.
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Hereditary predisposition is the most significant risk factor for Crohn’s disease (CD) in siblings. Case reports. CD was diagnosed in 3 brothers in a family with 6 children of the same generation: the disease manifested itself in one — at the age of 15 years and in two brothers — at the age of 17 years. In the older brother, CD manifested with acute intestinal obstruction, ileum perforation, diffuse peritonitis; in the middle — with symptoms similar to appendicular infiltrate. Both brothers underwent resection of the terminal ileum, cecum, and part of the ascending colon with the imposition of ileoascendoanastomosis. The younger brother was diagnosed with a non-stricturing, non-penetrating form of CD with a gradual onset and no complications. Among the siblings without CD, two have rheumatoid arthritis and vitiligo. Discussion. Similar signs of the familial form of CD were young age of manifestation and ileocolonic disease location; distinctive signs — the presence of complications and surgical interventions in only two brothers. A special feature of the case reports is the CD development only in boys and the combination of three different autoimmune diseases in one generation of the family.
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Astermark, Jan, and Erik Berntorp. "Malmö International Brother Study (MIBS): An International Survey of Brother Pairs with Haemophilia." Vox Sanguinis 77, S1 (October 1999): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1999.tb00021.x.
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AbstractMalmö International Brother Study (MIBS) was initiated in 1996 in order to set up an international registry of twins and non‐twin brothers with haemophilia and to search for genetic and compound factors predisposing for inhibitor development. As of July, 1997, 178 brother pairs are registered (143 haemophilia A and 35 haemophilia B patients). Sixteen of these pairs are twins. In 48 of the brother pairs (27%) there is a history of inhibitors, in 25 of them involving only one of the brothers. Immune tolerance induction has been attempted in 13 brother pairs (27%) and in four pairs the inhibitor has been eradicated. Additional demographic data need to be collected and, if possible plasma, IgG and DNA samples will be taken from inhibitor patients to serve as a tool for basic inhibitor experiments.
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Jansson, Fredrik, Linda Drevin, Thomas Frisell, Pär Stattin, Ola Bratt, and Olof Akre. "Concordance of Non–Low-Risk Disease Among Pairs of Brothers With Prostate Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 18 (June 20, 2018): 1847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.76.6907.
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Purpose Prostate cancer among first-degree relatives is a strong risk factor for diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the contribution of heritable factors in prostate cancer etiology is high. We investigated how the concordance of non–low-risk prostate cancer among brothers is affected by their genetic relation. Methods We identified 4,262 pairs of brothers with prostate cancer in the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden. Their cancers were categorized as low risk (Gleason score ≤ 6; clinical stage T1-2, Nx/N0, Mx/M0; and prostate-specific antigen ≤ 10 ng/mL) or non–low risk. The odds ratio (OR) for concordance of non–low-risk cancer was calculated with logistic regression for the different types of fraternity (monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, full brothers, and half-brothers) Results Among monozygotic twins who both were diagnosed with prostate cancer, the OR for both brothers being in the non–low-risk category was 3.82 (95% CI, 0.99 to 16.72) after adjusting for age and year of diagnosis. Among full brothers, the corresponding adjusted OR was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.39). When the analysis was restricted to brothers who both were diagnosed within 4 years, the results were similar. Conclusion Non–low-risk prostate cancer has a heritable pattern suggesting shared genetic factors, with the highest concordance among monozygotic twins. Our results suggest that a man whose brother has been diagnosed with a non–low-risk prostate cancer is at a clinically relevant increased risk of developing an aggressive prostate cancer himself.
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Ibrahim, Abdel Wahab M., Hisham Farag, Mohammed Naguib, and Ezzeldin Ibrahim. "Neuroepithelial (colloid) cyst of the third ventricle in identical twins." Journal of Neurosurgery 65, no. 3 (September 1986): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.65.3.0401.
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✓ Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are described in middle-aged twin brothers. One of them presented with recurrent attacks of headache. In this patient the cyst had reached a size large enough to obstruct the cerebrospinal fluid pathway, resulting in hydrocephalus. The twin brother, although asymptomatic, was suspected of the anomaly and investigated because of the similarity of his ocular signs. The diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography in both the patient and his brother. The latter proved to have a smaller colloid cyst situated anteriorly in the third ventricle with no obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient was successfully operated on, while the brother is still under observation. Both brothers have had bilateral cataracts, retinal detachments, and left lateral rectus palsies. The familial occurrence of colloid cysts and their association with these ocular findings have apparently not been described before.
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Asaaju, Morenikeji. "“The Native Court Way”." Journal of West African History 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.9.1.0027.
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Abstract This article examines surviving native court records from 1905–1957 in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria, to argue that what constituted marriage, marital rights, and sexual access to wives was changing readily in this period of socioeconomic and political change. In this period, Britain established the native court system, stressing African and British judges, to apply rigid ideas of native law and customs concerning marriage. Men and women—husbands, wives, lovers, fathers, uncles, aunties, brothers, sisters, and in-laws—approached the native courts to negotiate conflict over marriage, divorce, seduction, adultery, and child custody. Rather than administering rigid legal judgements of what constituted legitimate marriage, judgements rendered by these courts provided maneuverability, specifically for women to negotiate and contest marital status and relations.
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J, Nirmala Devi. "A Study of Verbal Phrase Theory in Mannan Chinnandi's Narratives." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-16 (December 12, 2022): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1613.
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Mannan Chinnandi's father Mudharsonai was the ruler of a small area called Vellalur (Vellalur is a town in Maellur taluka of Madurai district). Eghuvaka Nachia was born in the region of Sirukudi. Mudharsonai and Eghuvakka Nachiya get married. Both of them have a daughter named Karala Purantha Karuthavanam and twins named Peperumal and Chinnandi. Eghuvakka Nachiya's brothers give her some land as dowry during her marriage. Mudharsonai goes to cultivate the land given to him by his brothers-in-law. But the wives of his brothers-in-law prevents him to enter the land. Mudharsonai is killed by his younger brother-in-law. Eghuvaka Nachiya also dies after hearing about her husband's death. Karala Purantha raises her younger brother. His uncle was responsible for the death of his parents. Chinandi often clashes with his uncle’s family. He and his sister turn into a on the Madurai Alaghar temple hill. In the end, Peperumal destroys his uncle's family and turns him into stone next to his siblings. A. M. Sathyamurthy has published the story of Mannan Chinnandi. The purpose of this article is to explore the oral communication strategies learned in this story.
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Bashirli, Nubar Elsever. "Nobel brothers and their first acquaintance with Baku oil." SCIENTIFIC WORK 62, no. 01 (February 8, 2021): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/62/119-123.
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The first foreign capital in Baku was laid by the Nobel brothers from a family of famous Swedish engineers and inventors. The Nobel brothers brought walnuts from Germany to make rifles, which cost them dearly. Robert Nobel, who was sent to Lankaran by his younger brother Ludwig to make it cheaper, goes to Baku. A young businessman interested in the development of the oil industry comes to the conclusion that he can quickly make a fortune from oil. Realizing that oil is the most profitable sector in Baku, Robert Nobel founded the Nobel Brothers and opened an oil refinery in the Black City. Thus, the Nobel laureates soon became one of the giant oil magnates. In the middle of 1876, Ludwig Nobel, a talented engineer who was well acquainted with the modern organization of industrial production, moved to Baku. Thus, a new stage is entered in the future development of Baku oil. Key words: "Nobel brothers", Ludwig Nobel, Robert Nobel, Alfred Nobel, Baku oil, foreign capital, commitment system, Nargin Island, Black City
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Mason, Kenneth C. "Born Brothers by Larry Woiwode." Western American Literature 24, no. 1 (1989): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.1989.0121.
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Abbotson, Susan. "The Influence of Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov on the Plays of Arthur Miller." Arthur Miller Journal 13, no. 1 (April 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/arthmillj.13.1.001.
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Abstract One of the most consistent thematic elements we find in Miller's plays, from his early student writings to Mr. Peters' Connections, is his exploration of the love and rivalry to be found between brothers. Many have viewed this concern as being rooted in Miller's personal feelings of both admiration and resentment toward his older brother Kermit. But while this may have allowed Miller to create his dramatic siblings with more authenticity, might not this fascination with loving brothers at odds have another, more literary source? And more than that, what if this book also contained many other seeds of Miller's growing existential philosophy and literary tropes? Dostoyevsky was one of the first major authors to whom the young Miller was exposed, and this essay explores the possible influence of The Brothers Karamazov on Miller's work.
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Rogers, Kakeeto, Fredrick Omollo, and Remigius Ikpe. "Factors Influencing Vocation to Brotherhood in Holy Cross Congregation District of East Africa." International Journal of Culture and Religious Studies 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijcrs.528.
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Purpose: The general objective of the study is to assess the factors influencing the rate of vocation to be a brother in Holy Cross Congregation in East Africa. The objectives that guided the study are; to explore how social status influence vocation to be a brother; to examine how the factor of being a clerical congregation may be influencing vocation to a brother; to determine how the need for professional career satisfaction influences vocation to be a brother, to investigate how different motivations influences vocation to be a brother and to identify possible ways of responding to challenges of vocation to be a brother in Holy Cross Congregation in East Africa.
Methodology: The study used convergent parallel approach to the mixed methods research design. The target population in this study is107 and used Total Population Sampling to study the 107 respondents. The study used interview guide and self-administered questionnaire for data collection. The quantitative data will be coded and analyzed systematically and presented using figure, percentages and chats. The qualitative data was analyzed according to the emerging themes and the results of both the quantitative and qualitative findings were compared to draw out their significance for the study.
Findings: The study established that social status, lack of awareness and perception that clerical vocation is more prestigious and glamorous than that of brotherhood are some of the factors affecting reduced vocations in brotherhood.
Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: The study recommends the need for a rigorous promotion of brotherhood vocations, training of brothers as professionals, uplift the status of brothers and put in place proper discernment of vocations to reduce the high rate of brothers’ turnover
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Mongey, Vanessa. "A Tale of Two Brothers: Haiti’s Other Revolutions." Americas 69, no. 01 (July 2012): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500001796.
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Sévère Courtois's modest ambition was to revolutionize the world. “It is man's holy cause and duty to protect and aid the defense and to establish Independence in all the Universe,” he instructed his brother Joseph in October 1821. At the time, the Courtois brothers were a mere hundred miles apart; Sévère had set up an independent government on Providencia Island, in the western Caribbean, and Joseph was embarking on a political career of his own in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Though the two brothers were born in the French colony of St. Domingue, the tumults of the Age of Revolutions had swept them away from their native island. At the time Sévère penned the letter urging his brother to support his universal liberation enterprise, Joseph had just come back from fighting in the Napoleonic wars in Europe. Sévère had participated in multiple revolutionary coups and moved from New Orleans to Cartagena, and from there to Texas and then Florida.
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Mongey, Vanessa. "A Tale of Two Brothers: Haiti’s Other Revolutions." Americas 69, no. 1 (July 2012): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2012.0062.
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Sévère Courtois's modest ambition was to revolutionize the world. “It is man's holy cause and duty to protect and aid the defense and to establish Independence in all the Universe,” he instructed his brother Joseph in October 1821. At the time, the Courtois brothers were a mere hundred miles apart; Sévère had set up an independent government on Providencia Island, in the western Caribbean, and Joseph was embarking on a political career of his own in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Though the two brothers were born in the French colony of St. Domingue, the tumults of the Age of Revolutions had swept them away from their native island. At the time Sévère penned the letter urging his brother to support his universal liberation enterprise, Joseph had just come back from fighting in the Napoleonic wars in Europe. Sévère had participated in multiple revolutionary coups and moved from New Orleans to Cartagena, and from there to Texas and then Florida.
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Puga, Cheyenne. "The Duplass Brothers: Independent Film Moguls Making Way for Aspiring Filmmakers." Film Matters 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fm_00105_7.
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Bumpus, Minnette. "Brothers and Sisters: A Novel Way to Teach Human Resources Management." Journal of Management Education 24, no. 3 (June 2000): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105256290002400307.
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Puolijoki, HJ, KO Niemela, and LO Siitonen. "Unexplained severe pulmonary hypertension in two brothers." European Respiratory Journal 3, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.03030349.
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Unexplained pulmonary hypertension of nearly simultaneous onset is reported in two brothers, aged 17 and 26 yrs. Echocardiography revealed right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, paradoxical septal motion and an enlarged main pulmonary artery. In the right catheterization highly elevated pulmonary arterial pressures (107/58 and 84/46 mmHg) were seen. Doppler echocardiography showed significant leakage of the pulmonary and tricuspid valves in the younger brother, who died suddenly three weeks later. An initial decline in pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was achieved in the older brother by drug therapy. Eight months later, however, the pressure had risen to the pretreatment level. Dyspnoea increased and the patient underwent heart-lung transplantation but subsequently died. In the family study a third brother, father and mother were healthy.
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Barasa, Rasidin, Asmuni Asmuni, M. Jamil, Syafaruddin Syafaruddin, and Vasco Fronzoni. "LOCAL WISDOM OF URBAN MUSLIMS IN INHERITANCE DISTRIBUTION." Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 28, no. 2 (November 14, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v28i2.7745.
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This research aimed to explain the local wisdom of Medan urban communities in the distribution of inheritance. In urban communities, when inheritance is divided, it sometimes creates hostility between families due to inheritance issues between the father's brothers when dealing with daughters, which often results in differences in the amount of inheritance obtained. This study was field research, while the approach used is sociology and legal anthropology. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews and documentation. An important finding in this research is that the urban Muslim community in Medan City has its own concept, local wisdom, in solving the division of inheritance between daughters when dealing with their father’s brothers. The local wisdom of urban Muslims in the city of Medan shows that there is a special legal formula as a third way of resolving problems, which is not only considered to have met the values of justice but also following the values of the common good, namely by continuing to give a share of the dead inheritance to the father’s brother by dead daughters through the path of sadaqah (which in this case researchers call it "sadaqah wajibah") because if it is not given it will result in disharmonious familial relations between the dead family and their siblings, and of course, as with shadaqah in general, the gift of inheritance from dead to his brothers based on the values of propriety and sincerity.
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Artemeva, Ekaterina A. "Dziga Vertov — Boris Kaufman — Jean Vigo." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 4 (2020): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2020.402.
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The article is an attempt to discuss Dziga Vertov’s influence on French filmmakers, in particular on Jean Vigo. This influence may have resulted from Vertov’s younger brother, Boris Kaufman, who worked in France in the 1920s — 1930s and was the cinematographer for all of Vigo’s films. This brother-brother relationship contributed to an important circulation of avant-garde ideas, cutting-edge cinematic techniques, and material objects across Europe. The brothers were in touch primarily by correspondence. According to Boris Kaufman, during his early career in France, he received instructions from his more experienced brothers, Dziga Vertov and Mikhail Kaufman, who remained in the Soviet Union. In addition, Vertov intended to make his younger brother become a French kinok. Also, À propos de Nice, Vigo’s and Kaufman’s first and most “vertovian” film, was shot with the movable hand camera Kinamo sent by Vertov to his brother. As a result, this French “symphony of a Metropolis” as well as other films by Vigo may contain references to Dziga Vertov’s and Mikhail Kaufman’s The Man with a Movie Camera based on framing and editing. In this perspective, the research deals with transnational film circulations appealing to the example of the impact of Russian avant-garde cinema on Jean Vigo’s films.
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Egan, L. J., A. Orren, J. Doherty, R. Würzner, and C. F. McCarthy. "Hereditary deficiency of the seventh component of complement and recurrent meningococcal infection: investigations of an Irish family using a novel haemolytic screening assay for complement activity and C7 M/N allotyping." Epidemiology and Infection 113, no. 2 (October 1994): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800051700.
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SUMMARYTerminal complement component deficiency predisposes to meningococcal infection and is inherited in an autosomal co-dominant manner. An Irish family is described, in which 2 of 3 brothers had recurrent meningococcal infection. A novel screening assay was used to investigate for terminal complement deficiency and the 2 affected brothers were found to be completely deficient in the seventh component of complement (C7). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for C7 revealed lower than normal levels in the remaining brother and parents. C7 M/N protein polymorphism allotyping, used to investigate the segregation of the C7 deficiency genes, showed that the apparently complement sufficient brother was heterozygous C7 deficient and a carrier of one of the deficiency genes. Complement screening should be carried out in any individual suffering recurrent meningococcal infection or infection with an uncommon meningococcal serogroup. Identification of complement deficient patients allows the implementation of strategies to prevent recurrent infection.
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Josipovici, Gabriel. "Brothers." European Judaism 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2019.520110.
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He climbs the stairs. I know him by his tread. My brother! The door creaks a little as he pushes it. Now he steps inside and says hello. He stands by the door and looks round. What a funny place to be, he says. Not the house, he adds. The house is very nice. Very nice indeed, as far as I can judge. But why do you sit here in the dusk like that? I knew it was you, I tell him. He comes forward into the room. There is nowhere for him to sit.
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García Fernández, Ernesto. "Herejía y disidencia religiosa en el norte de la península ibérica en el siglo XV : Alonso de Mella y los herejes de Durango." Heresis 41, no. 1 (2004): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/heres.2004.2165.
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This contribution call about an heresy introduced by Franciscans brothers of the Observance, whose ideas are influenced by the problems which touch the medieval Christendom of the first half of the XVth century. The connection and the relation of these brothers with Italy and Aragon is evident : Alonso de Mella preaches to Italy and, for their part, Guillén de Albora and Brother Angel are, in the first time, followers of Felipe de Berbegal who was, in Aragon in 1430, in the head of a rebellion against his Franciscans «brothers». His religious propositions are especially going to become a reality in «Duranguesado», region of Biscaye close to Bilbao belonging to the Crown of Castile. The measures taken against the partisans of the sect were radicals : the bishop of Calahorra excommunicates them and later condemns for the stake all those who decided to follow their ideas, even there are some who escape by boat to the Muslim kingdom of Grenade.
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Sadecka, Agnieszka. "Exporting Socialism or Searching for the “Third Way”?" Politeja 18, no. 4(73) (November 29, 2021): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.18.2021.73.04.
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The article explores the perception of India in socialist-era Polish travel reportage, focusing in particular on the political debates inscribed in the Cold War divisions. Four books of reportage from India, by Jerzy Ros, Wiesław Górnicki, Janusz Gołębiowski, and Jerzy Putrament, serve as primary material for this research. The reporters, visiting India on official assignments, discuss the relations between the so-called Second and Third World and India’s take on socialism. While the analyzed texts do not present a uniform vision, the reporters’ narratives reveal an interesting relation of ambivalence: Indians are seen at times as socialist brothers, but at other times a rather patronizing attitude prevails.
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Barlow, Frank. "John of Salisbury and His Brothers." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 46, no. 1 (January 1995): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900012562.
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The church of Exeter, although geographically remote from the centres of royal and ecclesiastical power in England, was in the twelfth century in no way isolated. The rule of the important royal clerk and ambassador, William de Warelwast (1107–37), destroyed its provincialism and much of its archaism; and in the second half of the century a connection with the church of Salisbury led to the influx of some interesting men. It may be that the intimate relationship with Canterbury, inaugurated by the election of Bartholomew, Archbishop Theobald'sformer clerk, to Exeter in 1161, and repaid by the final location of the Exeter clerk Baldwin on the primatial throne in 1184, was the more rewarding for both. But the seemingly largely one-way contribution of Salisbury to Exeter is just as interesting.
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Jacob, S., G. Farr, D. De Vun, H. Takiff, and A. Mason. "Hepatic manifestations of familial patent ductus venosus in adults." Gut 45, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.45.3.442.
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BACKGROUNDThe ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava during fetal life and subsequently closes rapidly after birth. It is known as patent ductus venosus when it remains patent in adulthood.PATIENTSA 43 year old man with a history of panhypopituitarism presented with recurrent bouts of pedal oedema associated with fatigue, hypoalbuminaemia, and elevated prothrombin time. An ultrasound examination of his abdomen with Doppler revealed notable attenuation of the main portal vein with diminished intrahepatic branches; a computed tomography scan with angiography revealed a large collateral vein within the liver consistent with a patent ductus venosus. Sequential liver biopsies showed a considerable reduction in the calibre and number of the portal veins. His younger brother, who was diagnosed with alcohol related cirrhosis, suffered from intermittent bouts of encephalopathy and was found to have the same vascular lesion. A third brother was found to have a patent ductus venosus as well as two large hepatic masses consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia.CONCLUSIONThe syndrome of familial patent ductus venosus has only previously been described in three infant brothers who presented with hepatic encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the liver. This report documents three brothers with a patent ductus venosus presenting in adulthood with different manifestations of liver disease. The presence of the same vascular anomaly in three brothers is highly suggestive of a recessive genetic trait with an anatomical manifestation of patent ductus venosus.
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Black, Daisy. "Being the Bigger Ram: Arable vs Pastoral Masculinities in the Towneley Mactacio Abel." Medieval Feminist Forum 58, no. 1 (2022): 84–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32773/zjnc1172.
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This article addresses the construction of rural masculine identities through a study of the Towneley manuscript play Mactacio Abel (The Killing of Abel) and the relationships the play stages between human, animal, and land. It argues that the Mactacio Abel places pastoral and arable agricultural labor in competition through the play’s two brothers, and that this competition takes the form of a gendered attack on the masculinity of each. The article begins with Cain’s arable farming and how the character’s antagonistic relationship with the earth hints at his failures as laborer and as a man. It examines Cain’s interactions with Abel and the way the brothers’ different experiences of farming inform their relationships with God, before turning attention to Cain’s vicious attack on his brother’s masculinity and occupation through scatological language and hints that Abel is committing bestiality with his sheep. Finally, the article examines the play’s blurring of distinctions between food and kin, and human and animal meat. Broadening the current critical focus on the intersection of urban drama and identity, this study shows that the Mactacio Abel stresses contemporary anxieties about rural performances of masculinity and labor.
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Raynowska, Jenelle, Dhanashri P. Miskin, Bidyut Pramanik, Saeed Asiry, Todd Anderson, John Boockvar, Souhel Najjar, and Asaff Harel. "Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL)." Neurology 91, no. 15 (September 7, 2018): e1423-e1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006329.
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ObjectiveWe report a series of 2 brothers who each developed tumefactive brain lesions, initially thought to have brain tumors or tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS), but who were ultimately diagnosed with a rare autosomal dominant condition known as retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL).MethodsCase series and literature review.ResultsWe present 2 brothers who developed tumefactive right frontal brain lesions leading to gait disturbances and cognitive changes. Both brothers also had nonspecific brain calcifications and T2-hyperintense lesions, and both had ophthalmic and liver disease of unclear etiology. The first brother had been extensively evaluated by various specialists, underwent inconclusive brain and liver biopsies, and was ultimately unsuccessfully treated for a diagnosis of tumefactive MS. The second brother also underwent unrevealing evaluation with CSF analysis and brain biopsy. Further family history revealed that the patients' father developed a tumefactive brain lesion in the 1980s and had been diagnosed with CNS vasculitis. Given the familial link, RVCL was suspected, and genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis with a 3-prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) C-terminal mutation.ConclusionThe presence of tumefactive brain lesions, nonspecific brain calcifications, liver disease, and retinal vasculopathy, coupled with suggestive family history, led to the RVCL diagnosis. This report contributes to the limited understanding of RVCL, which can cause brain lesions that mimic gliomas or tumefactive MS. Recognition of this entity may prevent unnecessary invasive procedures and inappropriate therapeutic interventions, and would allow for proper counseling of family members.
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Bruyn, J. "Nog een suggestie voor het onderwerp van Rembrandts historiestuk te Leiden: De grootmoedigheid van Alexander." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 101, no. 2 (1987): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501787x00376.
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AbstractOf the nine interpretations proposed for Rembraradt's history Painting of 1626 now at Leiden, none is really convincing. Il seems attractive to think of palamedes Condemned by Agamemncm as the subject because of its political significance in the year after the publication of Voredel's tragecty Palamedcs or Innocence Murdered, which denounced the execution of the Remonstrant leader Johan van Oldenbarnevelt in 1619. γet the scene depicted does not fit any episode frorn the Palamedes story. It appears rather to represent three young men appearing before a crowned figure who makes a pronouncement, probably one of magnanimity or clemency. It is conceivable that the subject was taken from Q. Curtius Rufus's Historiae Alexandri Magni Macedonis, ofwhich several editions, including translations into the vernacular, were published in Holland in the first decades of the 17th century. The episode in question was known to the young Rubens, but does not seem to have been illustrated by any other artist. At the beginning of the seventh book it is described how Alexander summoned before. him in the presence of the army two oj three brothers, who had been close friends of Philotas, a former, friend of his who had been executed for plotting against his life. The youngest brother, Poleinon, had panicked and fled but was caught and brought back at the very moment when Alexander had accused the brothers and the eldest, Amyntas, after having been released from his bonds and given a spear which he held in his left hand, had embarked on his szzccess ful defence. The appearance of Polemon infuriated the soldiers, but when he took the blame on himself and prrifessed his brothers' innocence, they were moved to tears. So too was Alexander who, prompted by their cries, absolved the brothers. This anecdote does at least explain some of the features of Rembrandt's scene. The young man standing on the right with his right hand raised as if swearing an oath would be the eloquent Amyntas with a spear in his left hand. Hidden behind him kneels the second brother, Simias, while Polemon, 'a young man just come to maturity and in the first bloom of his youth', has fallen on one knee in the foreground, underlining his emotional words with his right hand bressed to his heart. Alexander raises his sceptre in token of his absolution and some men in the background wave and shout from a socle they have climbed. Interpreted in this way, the scene coralains not a topical political allegory but, as would seem usual with history paintings, a message of a more general nature: the magnanimity of Alexander as an 'exemblum virtutis'.
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Zlatar, Zdenko. "The Building of Yugoslavia: The Yugoslav Idea and the First Common State of The South Slavs." Nationalities Papers 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999708408514.
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Three full brothers were building a city,Three full brothers, three Mrljavcevices:The first brother was King Vukasin,The second was Voivode Ugljesa,The third was Mrljavcevic Gojko;They were building Skadar on the Bojana,They were building for full three years,For three years with three hundred masons,But they could not lay the fundament,Much less raise up the turreted city:What the masons built by the dayThe highland oread destroyed by night.Upon the dawn of the fourth year,The oread cried from the mountain:“Do not torment yourself, King Vukasin,Torment yourself and waste your treasure;You cannot, O king, lay the fundament,Much less raise up the turreted city,Until you find two kindred names,Until you find Stoja and Stojan,One a sister and the other brother,And wall them up in the fundament,So that the fundament will be maintained,So that you will build your turreted city.”[From a Serbian epic song “The Building of Skadar,” quoted by Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia, p. 406.]
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Moore, P. G. "The Goodsir brothers from Fife, Scotland: contributions to anatomy, marine zoology and Arctic exploration in the nineteenth century." Archives of Natural History 47, no. 1 (April 2020): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2020.0623.
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Three Goodsir brothers, John, Henry (“Harry”) and Robert, from Fife, Scotland, all shared an early interest in marine zoology in the early 1800s. They all went on to receive medical training, with the eldest brother, John, eventually becoming Professor of Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh. John's primary claim to biological fame rests on his contributions to cell-doctrine, in which his eminence was on a par with that of Rudolf Virchow. In his youth, however, John (in concert with younger brother Harry) had become interested in marine zoology, and, as students in Edinburgh, they shared rooms with marine zoologist Edward Forbes. Harry Goodsir, however, was much more of a marine naturalist than John. His life was tragically cut short by his perishing, together with the rest of his shipmates on HMS Erebus, on the third Franklin expedition to the Arctic regions, that one being by ship during a quest for the elusive Northwest Passage. A younger brother, Robert, undertook two later Arctic voyages in search of Harry and his doomed shipmates, making natural history observations on sea birds and marine organisms along the way.
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Zaia, Shana. "My Brother’s Keeper: Assurbanipal versus Šamaš-šuma-ukīn." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 6, no. 1 (May 26, 2019): 19–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-2001.
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AbstractWhen Esarhaddon named his successors, he split the empire between two of his sons, with Assurbanipal as king of Assyria and Šamaš-šuma-ukīn as king of Babylonia. This arrangement functioned until 652 BCE, at which point a civil war began between the brothers. The war ended with Assurbanipal’s victory and Šamaš-šuma-ukīn’s death in 648 BCE. While Šamaš-šuma-ukīn’s death is mentioned in several of Assurbanipal’s inscriptions, it is still unclear how the king of Babylon met his end, and scholars have suggested theories ranging from suicide, assassination, execution, and accidental death. By offering a reexamination of the evidence for royal death in general and Šamaš-šuma-ukīn’s demise in particular, this article explores how possibly taboo topics such as fratricide, regicide, and suicide were depicted in Neo-Assyrian state texts and how Assurbanipal appears to have coped with his brother’s rebellion and death, especially as compared to Assyrian treatments of belligerent and rebellious foreign kings. This article argues that the relative silence around Šamaššuma- ukīn’s death is due to the fact that, while he was an enemy combatant, he was nonetheless a member of the Assyrian royal family and a legitimately-installed king. Overall, this article concludes that Assurbanipal uses several rhetorical strategies to distance himself from Šamaš-šuma-ukīn, especially invoking deus ex machina as a way to avoid even the potential accusation of fratricide and ultimately erasing his brother from the written record and Assyrian history.
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FLOYD, B. "PATRILINEAL FAMILY VALUES, FAMILY PLANNING AND VARIATION IN STATURE AMONG TAIWANESE SIX-YEAR-OLDS." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 3 (July 2003): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003003699.
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It has been argued that patrilineal joint family systems tend to bias family planning decisions in favour of sons. A simple model suggests that in such societies, any given son will be more highly valued by his parents (1) the fewer his brothers and (2) the earlier his birth is in the brother series. A daughter's value will be greater (1) the fewer brothers she has and (2) the earlier her birth is relative to other sisters. This study first addresses the extent of son preference as inferred from family composition data for 772 Taiwanese first-graders born in the mid-1970s in two socioeconomically distinct communities in Taipei, Taiwan. It then uses linear regression to consider whether the model criteria help account for statural variation among children in each study area when controlling for differences in measurement age, parental education and housing. With respect to family composition and gender preference, available evidence was consistent with previous surveys. While better-educated parents in the more affluent study area had significantly fewer children (p<0·0005) and were more willing to stop without a son, girls there, as in the less affluent area, were still significantly more likely than boys to belong to large sibships (p≤0·005). Evidence from mean height of males and females partially accords with hypothetical predictions. In the less affluent area, the interaction effect of male birth order and the presence of younger siblings was significantly associated with mean stature (p=0·002). Males without brothers were 2·0 cm taller than males with either an older or a younger brother (116·3 ± 0·5 cm vs 114·3 ± 0·4 cm). Males who had both younger and older brothers, but often no sisters, were about as tall, however, as those without brothers. A similar, but less pronounced, pattern was found amoung males in the more affluent area, but only among those who had sisters. These boys were also consistently shorter than boys without sisters (115·6 ± 0·6 cm vs 117·7 ± 0·6 cm; p=0·001). Patterns of mean female stature did not clearly support the hypothesis. Girls in the more affluent area were relatively tall and did not show significant variation. Results among less affluent girls showed significant contrasts, but not necessarily in the predicted direction.
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Zhumaganbetov, Talgat. "Children and Childhood among the Medieval Türks. 6 th—8 th Centuries." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp234101111.
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Social relations are among the most complex matters in history of the Inner and Western Asia. Archaeological and narrative sources do not offer us a complete picture of daily life and intra-family relations. Written accounts focused on the warriors, campaigns and deeds of the rulers. However, episodic information and ethnographic data allow us to look into the world of children and childhood. Among the medieval Kok Türks, the relations among children in the same family are a model in the construction of the state. As in any patriarchal family, the relationship was based on obeying to the elders, i. e. the father and elder brothers. The elders take care of the general well-being of the family, protect the younger ones, and in return, the younger brothers and sisters obey them and their requirements. Among the Kok Türks, the dynastic clan “Ashina and Ashide” were recognized as “elder brothers”, while the people — “Budun” — became their “younger brother”. All this, together with religious ideas, ensured the stability of the society during the 200 years of the existence of the Khaganate and in subsequent successor states of the Kok Türks.
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Nyan, Francis. "Half-Brothers." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 6, no. 3 (2011): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2011.6.3.1.
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Faced with a declining number of brothers arriving from France, the Frères des écoles Chrétiennes (FEC) in Vietnam actively recruited and trained Vietnamese members to sustain and expand their school network. French brothers practiced de facto associationism through their unwillingness and inability to concede responsibility to Vietnamese confreres. The expectations of the latter, however, had grown in an ecclesiastical background of indigenization, and this led to severe internal tensions. The hybrid life the FEC were committed to by virtue of their religious profession was a casualty. The failure of hybridity underlines the polarization engendered by the colonial frame.
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Scigala, Dawid K., Matteo A. Fabris, and Claudio Longobardi. "The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Coping Strategies in a Sample of Siblings of People With and Without Intellectual Disability: The Mediating Role of Sibling Relationship Quality." Open Psychology Journal 13, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350102013010101.
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Background: The quality of sibling relationships is an important factor in the development of individuals, particularly in the context of a relationship with a brother or sister with disabilities. Aims: This research aims to assess the moderating role of the quality of the relationship with siblings between personality traits and coping strategies. Methods: The participants were 187 adults, of whom 97(51.9%) were Individuals with brothers or sisters with intellectual disabilities (S-IDs), aged 18 to 60 years (M=30.22; SD=12.17). The second group was 90 (48.1%) Individuals with typical developmental siblings (S-TDs) aged 18 to 76 years (M=28.56; SD=11.66). Respondents completed the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Coping Orientation to Problem Experiences (COPE), and the Adult Sibling Relationships Questionnaire (ASRQ). Results: The data show a correlation between personality traits and coping strategies. In addition, the size of the ASRQ was found to moderate the relationship between personality traits and coping strategies, albeit in a different way between the two groups. Conclusion: The quality of the reality with brothers or sisters turns out to be an important factor in the development, and it is found to mediate the relationship between personality traits and the development of coping strategies, both in S-TDs and S-IDs, presenting similarities and differences. Future research guidelines have been discussed.
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LIU, Jinhui, Yong YU, Fusheng WU, Yuehua CHENG, and Huanguo ZHANG. "An Algorithm Substitution Attack on Fiat-Shamir Signatures Based on Lattice." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 27, no. 1 (March 2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/wujns/2022271017.
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Many evidences have showed that some intelligence agencies (often called big brother) attempt to monitor citizens’ communication by providing coerced citizens a lot of subverted cryptographic algorithms and coercing them to adopt these algorithms. Since legalized services on large number of various applications and system architectures depend on digital signature techniques, in the context some coerced users who use double authentication preventing signatures to design some novel digital signature techniques, have some convincing dissertations to defuse requests from authorities and big brothers creating some corresponding subverted signatures. As rapid progress in quantum computers, National Security Agency advisory memorandum and announcement of National Institute of Standards and Technology procedures from standardization focus on some cryptographic algorithms which are post quantum secure. Motivated by these issues, we design an algorithm substitution attack against Fiat-Shamir family based on lattices (e.g., BLISS, BG, Ring-TESLA, PASSSign and GLP) that are proven post-quantum computational secure. We also show an efficient deterable way to eliminate big brother’s threat by leaking signing keys from signatures on two messages to be public. Security proof shows that our schemes satisfy key extraction, undetectability and deterability. Through parameters analysis and performance evaluation, we demonstrate that our deterring subverted Fiat-Shamir signature is practical, which means that it can be applied to privacy and protection in some system architectures.
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Barrera Cárdenas, Mauricio. "The Golden Mill." Enletawa Journal 10, no. 2 (November 22, 2018): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/2011835x.8696.
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The Bourdeur Family was a traditional family that lived in Tolouse, France in the 1870’s. Two brothers were descendants of this family. Reyner, was born in 1871, and his brother Victorine, was born in 1872. These children were raised during the boom of the industrial revolution, but each followed a different life path. Reyner was attracted to cartography, and Victorine decided to become a literature teacher.
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Bainbridge, Virginia R. "Lives of the Brothers of Syon Abbey: Patterns of Vocation from the Syon Martiloge and Other Records ca. 1415-1622." Medieval People 37 (2022): 185–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.32773/zfge5428.
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This paper is part of a major prosopography project which is nearing completion. The project traced around 600 sisters, brothers and benefactors of Syon Abbey ca. 1400-1600. Their names were recorded by the community in three obit lists: the Cambridge obit list ca. 1451 was copied into the second, the Syon Martiloge (BL Add MS 22285), in the 1470s. The third was copied from the Martiloge in Lisbon ca. 1608. The Lisbon obit list contains new information unused by earlier historians. Five lists of names provide snapshots of the community in 1428, 1539, 1557, 1587 and 1622. Short biographies based on other sources reveal family background, social status, education and book ownership. Collectively they tell the story of Syon Abbey's first two centuries. This paper is about the Syon brothers: 164 have been traced and their names are all published here. St. Birgitta of Sweden (1303-1373) founded her Order of St Saviour for nuns as part of a wider movement for reform and renewal in the late medieval church. The Birgittines spread rapidly in northern Europe ca. 1400. Each Birgittine monastery had a house for up to 60 sisters living enclosed contemplative lives and a smaller house for 25 brothers. Their role was to provide the sacraments for the sisters and the community’s patrons and pilgrims. Syon Abbey was the only Birgittine house in England, founded near London by the Lancastrian king Henry V in 1415. It went on to commemorate the Yorkist and Tudor dynasties and had links with the Stuarts. It was important for its proximity to royal power during the Hundred Years’ War, the Wars of the Roses and the Reformation. The Birgittines of Syon Abbey were renowned for their holiness and learning and their resistance to Henry VIII’s Reformation. Syon priest St. Richard Reynolds was martyred at Tyburn in 1535 and Lay Brother Thomas Brownell in Newgate Gaol in 1537. Syon was dissolved in 1539, but the Birgittines divided into groups and continued to follow the Rule, some in exile. In 1559 the whole community went into exile, enduring poverty and warfare in the Low Countries and France. Two sisters died in prison and three brothers were captured by pirates before settling in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1594. Syon Abbey was significant in forging English Roman Catholic identity and inspiring the revival of religious orders in Europe. Scholars have made two main assumptions about the brothers which are countered by prosopographical analysis: firstly medieval Syon attracted steady numbers from foundation by Henry V to dissolution by Henry VIII; secondly numbers declined rapidly from 1539 until they died out in the 1600s. The early death of the founder, and Henry VI’s transfer of patronage elsewhere reduced funding and prestige. Recruitment dwindled until Edward IV refounded Syon in 1461. Medieval Syon’s fame is based on the achievements of the Yorkist era. There were fewer brothers after 1539 and fewer sisters, but the brothers were vital to Syon’s survival as a house of enclosed nuns. In St. Birgitta’s Rule the brothers were 30% of the community. At Syon they reached ca. 20-25%, 1420-1594. After 1600 the brothers continued their work as ca. 10% of the community until 1695.
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Anderson, Amy D., and Bruce S. Weir. "It was one of my brothers." International Journal of Legal Medicine 120, no. 2 (August 25, 2005): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-005-0017-2.
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Sugu, Sajeev. "DIVINE CHOICE IN AND THROUGH BROTHERLY/SISTERLY LOVE – MISSIO DEI MOTIF." Biblical Studies Journal 04, no. 03 (2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/bsj.2022.4302.
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Brotherly or sisterly love shall be seen all over the scriptures, majorly with disagreements. It is through such tensions many Biblical events were unveiled, both in the Old Testament and the New Testament. The study adopted descriptive analyses method. The main sources of research materials are in relevant written materials to the study of religion. This focused on the evaluation of mission of God which commenced with humanities and the same influenced brotherly and sisterly love, which Apostle Paul encouraged its continuity. Though look like the divine choice is to favour one sibling and forgetting the other, it aims at harmony between the brothers and sisters and the inclusion of all. Missio Dei understanding of the happenings leads the seeker to a whole new understanding of the brotherly/sisterly love concept in the New Testament, having initiated and practiced by Jesus Christ and His disciples. Disagreements diminishes as the divine will of Christ-like brotherly love gets established among the siblings. Like the brothers or the members of a same family was selected for the Missio Dei, God in the present times chooses His people to do His will and to achieve the Mission of God. Thus in the choice of God (divine choice) people are called both to obey the will of God and to show brotherly love, thereby partaking in the Missio Dei.
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Cacheda Barreiro, Rosa, and Karina Ruiz Cuevas. "From Valencia to Querétaro. Devotion to Saint James through an illustration by Vicente Capilla Gil." Ad limina 1 (July 25, 2010): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.61890/adlimina/1.2010/16.
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The conquest of the city of Querétaro (Mexico), on 25 July 1531, on the feast day of Saint James, is commemorated in an illustration by a Valencian engraver, Vicente Capilla Gil, produced in 1792. The coincidence in the date of the two events led to a miraculous happening being recorded in the illustration: the appearance of the Holy Cross in the sky together with the Apostle, Patron Saint of Spain. This in turn led to the extension of the cult of Saint James and devotion to the Holy Cross throughout the ViceRoyalty of New Spain, and one of the main mission schools is named after it: Santa Cruz de Querétaro. The work done by the Franciscan Brothers in the context of missions is highlighted in an exemplary way in the illustration. The virtues and deeds of Brother Antonio Llinaz and Brother Antonio Marfil, of Spanish origin, as founders of the school, evangelists and apostle of Christ are underlined in the illustration.
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Cashman, Cheryl. "New Wave Clowns / 3: A Collective Tribute Richard Pochinko 1946 – 1989." Canadian Theatre Review 67 (June 1991): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.67.006.
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Richard Pochinko was raised on a farm in Lockport, Manitoba, the youngest of three brothers and two sisters. His father died when he was eight months old. His mother and his eldest brother and sister maintained the household. It was as if he had two mothers. When he was a child, he would go in the barn and make miniature stages and circuses, and fill them with tiny actors and performers.
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Oláh, Judit, Ferenc Orosz, László G. Puskás, László Hackler, Margit Horányi, László Polgár, Susan Hollán, and Judit Ovádi. "Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency: consequences of an inherited mutation at mRNA, protein and metabolic levels." Biochemical Journal 392, no. 3 (December 6, 2005): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050993.
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Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency is a unique glycolytic enzymopathy coupled with neurodegeneration. Two Hungarian compound heterozygote brothers inherited the same TPI mutations (F240L and E145Stop), but only the younger one suffers from neurodegeneration. In the present study, we determined the kinetic parameters of key glycolytic enzymes including the mutant TPI for rational modelling of erythrocyte glycolysis. We found that a low TPI activity in the mutant cells (lower than predicted from the protein level and specific activity of the purified recombinant enzyme) is coupled with an increase in the activities of glycolytic kinases. The modelling rendered it possible to establish the steady-state flux of the glycolysis and metabolite concentrations, which was not possible experimentally due to the inactivation of the mutant TPI and other enzymes during the pre-steady state. Our results showed that the flux was 2.5-fold higher and the concentration of DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate increased 40- and 5-fold respectively in the erythrocytes of the patient compared with the control. Although the rapid equilibration of triosephosphates is not achieved, the energy state of the cells is not ‘sick’ due to the activation of key regulatory enzymes. In lymphocytes of the two brothers, the TPI activity was also lower (20%) than that of controls; however, the remaining activity was high enough to maintain the rapid equilibration of triosephosphates; consequently, no accumulation of DHAP occurs, as judged by our experimental and computational data. Interestingly, we found significant differences in the mRNA levels of the brothers for TPI and some other, apparently unrelated, proteins. One of them is the prolyl oligopeptidase, the activity decrease of which has been reported in well-characterized neurodegenerative diseases. We found that the peptidase activity of the affected brother was reduced by 30% compared with that of his neurologically intact brother.
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Kalisher, Rachel, Melissa S. Cradic, Matthew J. Adams, Mario A. S. Martin, and Israel Finkelstein. "Cranial trephination and infectious disease in the Eastern Mediterranean: The evidence from two elite brothers from Late Bronze Megiddo, Israel." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 22, 2023): e0281020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281020.
Full textAbstract:
Here we present the paleopathological profiles of two young adult males, identified as brothers through ancient DNA analysis, who were buried together beneath the floor of an elite early Late Bronze Age I (ca. 1550–1450 BC) domestic structure at the urban center of Megiddo (modern Israel). Both individuals displayed uncommon morphological variants related to developmental conditions, and each exhibited extensive bone remodeling consistent with chronic infectious disease. Additionally, one brother had a healed fracture of the nose, as well as a large square piece of bone cut from the frontal bone (cranial trephination). We consider the potential etiologies for the appearance of the skeletal anomalies and lesions. Based on the bioarchaeological context, we propose that a shared epigenetic landscape predisposed the brothers to acquiring an infectious disease and their elite status privileged them enough to endure it. We then contextualize these potential illnesses and disorders with the trephination procedure. The infrequency of trephination in the region indicates that only selected individuals could access such a procedure, and the severity of the pathological lesions suggests the procedure was possibly intended as curative to deteriorating health. Ultimately, both brothers were buried with the same rites as others in their community, thus demonstrating their continued integration in society even after death.
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Hirsh-Ratzkovsky, Roni. "From Berlin to Ben Shemen: The Lehmann Brothers between Expressionism and Zionism." AJS Review 41, no. 1 (April 2017): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009417000034.
Full textAbstract:
The following article deals with the story of two German Jewish brothers, Alfred Lemm and Siegfried Lehmann. The first—a forgotten journalist and writer, the second—a doctor and educator, the founder of the Ben Shemen Youth Village in Mandate Palestine. Through the specific story of the two brothers, the article traces the path of messianic antiurban ideas prevalent in expressionist avant-garde circles in pre–World War I Europe, to the circles of German Jewish Zionism and from them to Palestine-Israel. Though German expressionism was itself an urban intellectual phenomenon, expressionist prose often exemplified antiurban and antimodern sentiments, as in the case of Lemm's prose. According to Lemm, redemption from the ills of modern society shall be found in withdrawal from the modern city and return to physical and metaphysical “roots.” Lemm's antiurban attitude influenced his brother Siegfried and found its full manifestation in the founding of the Ben Shemen Youth Village in 1927.
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Bereszyński, Zbigniew. "Sprawa braci Kowalczyków jako przykład mitologizacji historii." Res Gestae 15 (February 6, 2023): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/24504475.15.11.
Full textAbstract:
On the night of October 5-6, 1971, a strong explosion destroyed the auditorium of the Higher Pedagogical School in Opole. The perpetrator of the outbreak was Jerzy Kowalczyk, a technical worker of this university, who wanted to demonstrate in this way that there were forces in Poland capable of opposing the apparatus of then in power. In retaliation, the communist authorities brought to court both Jerzy Kowalczyk and - on the basis of collective responsibility - his brother Ryszard, a science worker at the Higher Pedagogical School in Opole. Jerzy was sentenced to death and Ryszard to 25 years in prison. However, social protests led to a softening of the punishment against Jerzy Kowalczyk (it was lowered to 25 years in prison). The mythologized version of the events, stubbornly maintained by some circles, claims that the explosion in the auditorium of the Higher Pedagogical School was made by both brothers in order to prevent the ceremony of handing over awards and decorations to the officers of the Citizens’ Militia and the Security Service, who participated in the bloody suppression of the December 1970 workers’ revolt on the Baltic Coast. This version, however, is not confirmed by the preserved historical sources. The communist security apparatus tried to gain operational benefits from the Kowalczyk case by undertaking recruitment activities against both of Jerzy Kowalczyk’s brothers. There is a conspiracy of silence on this subject in the above-mentioned circles.
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Moosa, Assist Prof Dr Najdat Kadhim. "Sibling Relationships As Depicted In Sam Shepard’s Play True West." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 219, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v219i1.502.
Full textAbstract:
Sam Shepard (1943- ) is one of the most prominent modern American playwrights. Up till now he has written almost 50 plays. He has gained a reputation as one of America's foremost living playwrights. His works have found deep spirit in the nation’s cultural imagination as he has spoken in a convincing way to American theatre audience.
The family relationship is one of the American myths. Besides, Fathers escaping to another land, brothers fighting brothers and mothers as off-stage voices or oppressive presences are some of the themes dealt with in modern American plays. This study deals with sibling relationships as depicted in Sam Shepard’s play True West. This play is concerned with two brothers who strive to understand each other but they represent totally contrast types, so the play ends with a never-ending conflict.
The absence of the father, and the partial absence of the mother, besides the continuous struggle and misunderstanding of the two brothers show the broken or weak relationships between them.