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Journal articles on the topic 'Bromine and iodine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Gilfedder, B. S., M. Petri, and H. Biester. "Iodine and bromine speciation in snow and the effect of orographically induced precipitation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 10 (2007): 2661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2661-2007.

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Abstract. Iodine is an essential trace element for all mammals and may also influence climate through new aerosol formation. Atmospheric bromine cycling is also important due to its well-known ozone depletion capabilities. Despite precipitation being the ultimate source of iodine in the terrestrial environment, the processes effecting its distribution, speciation and transport are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orographically induced precipitation on iodine concentrations in snow and also to quantify the inorganic and organic iodine and bromine species

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2

Gilfedder, B. S., M. Petri, and H. Biester. "Iodine and Bromine speciation in snow and the effect of elevation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 1 (2007): 995–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-995-2007.

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Abstract. Iodine is an essential trace element for all mammals and may also influence climate through new aerosol formation. Atmospheric bromine cycling is also important due to its well-known ozone depletion capabilities. Despite precipitation being the ultimate source of iodine in the terrestrial environment, the processes effecting the distribution, speciation and transport of these elements are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orographic lifting on iodine concentrations and also quantify inorganic and organic iodine and bromine species. Snow samples

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3

Spolaor, A., P. Vallelonga, J. M. C. Plane, et al. "Halogen species record Antarctic sea ice extent over glacial-interglacial periods." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 2 (2013): 3881–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-3881-2013.

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Abstract. Sea ice is an integral part of the Earth's climate system because it affects planetary albedo, sea surface salinity, and the atmosphere-ocean exchange of reactive gases and aerosols. Bromine and iodine chemistry is active at polar sea ice margins with the occurrence of bromine explosions and the biological production of organo-iodine from sea ice algae. Satellite measurements demonstrate that concentrations of bromine oxide (BrO) and iodine oxide (IO) decrease over sea ice toward the Antarctic interior. Here we present speciation measurements of bromine and iodine in the TALDICE (TAL

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4

Spolaor, A., P. Vallelonga, J. M. C. Plane, et al. "Halogen species record Antarctic sea ice extent over glacial–interglacial periods." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 13 (2013): 6623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6623-2013.

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Abstract. Sea ice is an integral part of the earth's climate system because it affects planetary albedo, sea-surface salinity, and the atmosphere–ocean exchange of reactive gases and aerosols. Bromine and iodine chemistry is active at polar sea ice margins with the occurrence of bromine explosions and the biological production of organoiodine from sea ice algae. Satellite measurements demonstrate that concentrations of bromine oxide (BrO) and iodine oxide (IO) decrease over sea ice toward the Antarctic interior. Here we present speciation measurements of bromine and iodine in the TALDICE (TALo

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5

Prashanth, Nagaraj, Kanakapura Basavaiah, Sameer Abdulrahman, Nagaraju Rajendraprasad, and Basavaiah Vinay. "Application of bromate-bromide mixture as a green brominating agent for the spectrophotometric determination of atenolol in pharmaceuticals." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110721045p.

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Two highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the quantification of atenolol (ATN) in pure drug as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the bromination reaction of ATN with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium followed by the determination of unreacted bromine. The residual bromine is determined by its reaction with excess iodide and the liberated iodine (I3?) is either measured at 360 nm (method A) or reacted with starch followed by the measurement of the starch-iodine chromogen at 570 nm (method B). Under the optimum conditio

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6

Abdel-Moety, Ezzat M., Abdel-Kader S. Ahmad, and Mohie Sharaf El-Din. "Determination of Iodine Values of Lipids by Bromide Ion Selective Electrode." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 1 (1986): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.1.67.

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Abstract A semimicro method for determination of iodine values of lipids is described. An accurately weighed smear of sample (10-20 mg) on a strip of ashless filter paper, 14 × 40 mm, is brominated with bromine vapors for about 5 min. Excess bromine adsorbed on the filter paper is allowed to sublime. Bromine absorbed by the sample is directly related to the degree of unsaturation. Paper with brominated sample is subjected to oxygen flask combustion in the presence of 2 mL 1M sodium hydroxide solution and 10 mL water as absorbing liquid. Bromide formed, which is equivalent to unsaturation, is d

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7

Spolaor, A., P. Vallelonga, J. Gabrieli, et al. "Seasonality of halogen deposition in polar snow and ice." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 6 (2014): 8185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-8185-2014.

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Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of iodine and bromine in polar regions is of interest due to the key role of halogens in many atmospheric processes, particularly tropospheric ozone destruction. Bromine is emitted from the open ocean but is enriched above first-year sea ice during springtime bromine explosion events, whereas iodine is emitted from biological communities hosted by sea ice. It has been previously demonstrated that bromine and iodine are present in Antarctic ice over glacial-interglacial cycles. Here we investigate seasonal variability of bromine and iodine in polar snow and i

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8

Rybakova, Anastasiya V., Dmitry G. Kim, Elena I. Danilina, Olesya V. Sazhaeva, Marina A. Ezhikova, and Mikhail I. Kodess. "HETEROCYCLIZATION OF 3-PROPARGYLSULFANYL-5 PHENYL-1,2,4-TRIAZINE: TANDEM REACTIONS WITH BROMINE LEADING TO NEW DERIVATIVES OF 7 PHENYL[1,3]THIAZOLO[3,2-B][1,2,4]TRIAZINIUM." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 6 (2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206306.6102.

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Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazine-3-thione exhibit biological activity in a wide range. They have optoelectronic properties and can be used as synthons in synthesis of various pyridines by the Diels-Alder reaction. 1,2,4-Triazines are of the greatest interest, for organic synthesis in particular. In the present study we have established that the interaction of 3-propargylsulfanyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine, obtained by alkylation of 5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-3-thione with 3-bromopropyne in acetone in the presence of triethylamine, with halogens leads to annelation of thiazole cycle. At that

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9

Mityusheva, T. P., and O. Ye Amosova. "Industrial brines of the Khoreyver depression of the Pech ora plate." Vestnik of Geosciences 8 (2021): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2021.8.3.

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We studied areal distribution of the Khoreyver depression and strontium and lithium-rich iodine-bromine and iodine-boron industrial brines in the hydrogeological section. We presented the potential of the territory for practical use of industrial sodium chloride and calcium-sodium underground brines in the maps of distribution of bromine, iodine, boron and strontium-lithium iodinebromine and iodine-boric industrial brines within three Paleozoic calcareous aquifers (O2–S–D1; D3–C1; C–P1). Separate areas with lithium-strontium iodine - bromine and iodine-boric standard quality brines are designa

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10

Spolaor, A., P. Vallelonga, J. Gabrieli, et al. "Seasonality of halogen deposition in polar snow and ice." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 18 (2014): 9613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9613-2014.

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Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of iodine and bromine in Polar regions is of interest due to the key role of halogens in many atmospheric processes, particularly tropospheric ozone destruction. Bromine is emitted from the open ocean but is enriched above first-year sea ice during springtime bromine explosion events, whereas iodine emission is attributed to biological communities in the open ocean and hosted by sea ice. It has been previously demonstrated that bromine and iodine are present in Antarctic ice over glacial–interglacial cycles. Here we investigate seasonal variability of bromin

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11

Sherwen, T., M. J. Evans, L. J. Carpenter, et al. "Iodine's impact on tropospheric oxidants: a global model study in GEOS-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 15 (2015): 20957–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-20957-2015.

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Abstract. We present a global simulation of tropospheric iodine chemistry within the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. This includes organic and inorganic iodine sources, standard gas-phase iodine chemistry and simplified higher iodine oxide (I2OX, X = 2, 3, 4) chemistry, photolysis, deposition and parametrised heterogeneous reactions. In comparisons with recent Iodine Oxide (IO) observations the iodine simulation shows an average bias of ~+66 % available surface observations in the marine boundary layer (outside of polar regions), and of ~+73 % within the free troposphere (350 < hPa <

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12

Emmanuel Koné, Klègayéré, Amal Bouich, Donafologo Soro, and Bernabé Marí Soucase. "Effect of mixed iodine and bromine on optical properties in methylammonium lead chlorine (MAPbCl3) spin-coated on the zinc oxide film." E3S Web of Conferences 412 (2023): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341201066.

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The optical influence of mixing methylammonium lead chlorine (MAPbCl3) with iodine and bromine was studied in this work. The spin coating method deposited three layers of perovskites (MAPbCl3, MAPbCl2I, and MAPbCl2Br) on a layer of zinc oxide (ZnO). The zinc oxide solution was prepared by dissolving dehydrated zinc acetate [Zn(CH3COO)2, 2H2O]> 99.5% purity in ethanol to give a 0.5 M solution. The perovskite solutions were prepared using lead chloride (PbCl2), methylammonium chloride (MACl), methylammonium iodide (MAI), and methylammonium bromide (MABr). The precursor containing iodine was d

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13

Okamoto, H. "Br-I (bromine-iodine)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 20, no. 4 (1999): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497199770335659.

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14

Thompson, C. R., P. B. Shepson, J. Liao, et al. "Interactions of bromine, chlorine, and iodine photochemistry during ozone depletions in Barrow, Alaska." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 21 (2014): 28685–755. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-28685-2014.

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Abstract. The springtime depletion of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic is known to be caused by active halogen photochemistry resulting from halogen atom precursors emitted from snow, ice, or aerosol surfaces. The role of bromine in driving ozone depletion events (ODEs) has been generally accepted, but much less is known about the role of chlorine radicals in ozone depletion chemistry. While the potential impact of iodine in the High Arctic is more uncertain, there have been indications of active iodine chemistry through observed enhancements in filterable iodide, probable detection of troposp

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15

Thompson, C. R., P. B. Shepson, J. Liao, et al. "Interactions of bromine, chlorine, and iodine photochemistry during ozone depletions in Barrow, Alaska." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 16 (2015): 9651–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9651-2015.

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Abstract. The springtime depletion of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic is known to be caused by active halogen photochemistry resulting from halogen atom precursors emitted from snow, ice, or aerosol surfaces. The role of bromine in driving ozone depletion events (ODEs) has been generally accepted, but much less is known about the role of chlorine radicals in ozone depletion chemistry. While the potential impact of iodine in the High Arctic is more uncertain, there have been indications of active iodine chemistry through observed enhancements in filterable iodide, probable detection of troposp

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16

Jameson, Alexander, and Elod Gyenge. "Comparison of Zinc Bromine and Zinc Iodine Flow Batteries: From Electrolde to Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 48 (2022): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01482000mtgabs.

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Research in flow batteries and their application in large scale energy storage has received a growing amount of attention and promise over the past two decades. Although the energy density of flow batteries is low relative to the Li-ion battery, their comparatively lower costs, preferred safety, and ease of scalability has made flow batteries some of the most promising contenders for large-scale stationary energy storage, and are currently commercially available for this purpose. The zinc-bromine flow battery (ZBFB), despite being one of the first proposed flow batteries in the 1980s, has only

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17

Biester, H., D. Selimović, S. Hemmerich, and M. Petri. "Halogens in porewater of peat bogs – the role of peat decomposition and dissolved organic matter." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (2005): 1457–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-1457-2005.

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Abstract. Peatlands are one of the largest active terrestrial reservoirs of halogens. Formation of organo-halogens is a key process for the retention of halogens by organic matter and halogen enrichment in peat is strongly influenced by climatically controlled humification processes. However, little is known about release and transport of halogens in peat bogs. In this study we investigated the release of halogens from peat in three peat bogs located in the Magellanic Moorlands, southern Chile. Peat porewaters were collected using a sipping technique, which allows in situ sampling down to a de

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18

Sherwen, T., M. J. Evans, L. J. Carpenter, et al. "Iodine's impact on tropospheric oxidants: a global model study in GEOS-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 2 (2016): 1161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1161-2016.

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Abstract. We present a global simulation of tropospheric iodine chemistry within the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. This includes organic and inorganic iodine sources, standard gas-phase iodine chemistry, and simplified higher iodine oxide (I2OX, X = 2, 3, 4) chemistry, photolysis, deposition, and parametrized heterogeneous reactions. In comparisons with recent iodine oxide (IO) observations, the simulation shows an average bias of ∼ +90 % with available surface observations in the marine boundary layer (outside of polar regions), and of ∼ +73 % within the free troposphere (350 hPa < p

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19

Biester, H., D. Selimović, S. Hemmerich, and M. Petri. "Halogens in pore water of peat bogs – the role of peat decomposition and dissolved organic matter." Biogeosciences 3, no. 1 (2006): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-53-2006.

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Abstract. Halogens are strongly enriched in peat and peatlands and such they are one of their largest active terrestrial reservoir. The enrichment of halogens in peat is mainly attributed to the formation of organohalogens and climatically controlled humification processes. However, little is known about release of halogens from the peat substrate and the distribution of halogens in the peat pore water. In this study we have investigated the distribution of chlorine, bromine and iodine in pore water of three pristine peat bogs located in the Magellanic Moorlands, southern Chile. Peat pore wate

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20

Struble, Mark D., Michael T. Scerba, Maxime Siegler, and Thomas Lectka. "Evidence for a Symmetrical Fluoronium Ion in Solution." Science 340, no. 6128 (2013): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1231247.

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Halonium ions, in which formally positively charged halogens (chlorine, bromine, and iodine) are equivalently attached to two carbon atoms through three-center bonds, are well established in the synthetic chemistry of organochlorides, bromides, and iodides. Mechanistic studies of these ions have generated numerous insights into the origins of stereoselectivity in addition and displacement reactions. However, it has not been clear whether fluorine can form a halonium ion in the same manner. We present chemical and theoretical evidence for the transient generation of a true symmetrical fluoroniu

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21

Fan, X., E. C. Dickey, A. A. Puretzky, D. B. Geohegan, and S. J. Pennycook. "STEM Observation and EELS Analysis of Dopant and Catalyst Particles in Carbon Nanotubes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032736.

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Doping carbon nanotubes with either electron donors or acceptors can improve their electrical conductivity [1-2]. In order to fully understand the doping mechanisms and the corresponding changes in the electronic properties, it is essential to reveal the spatial distribution of the dopants within the carbon nanotubes. In this study we have investigated both iodine- and bromine-doped single wall carbon nanotubes(SWNT) by Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The SWNT bundles were made by arc-discharge method and doped with either molten iodine or bromine vapor. Both iodin

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22

Iskander, Felib Y. "Determination of Iodine Value by Bromine/Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (1989): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.498.

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Abstract A new microanalytical method has been developed to measure iodine value (IV) of oils and fats. Bromine vapor was used to saturate the ethylenic double bonds, and reacted bromine was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The method was applied to measure the iodine values of 7 commercially available vegetable oils: almond oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, soy oil, sesame oil, corn oil, and olive oil. No significant difference was observed between the iodine value determined by the proposed method and that determined by an officially approved (Hübl) method. Bromine measu

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23

Novakova, Gergana, Presian Bonev, Mary Duro, et al. "Serum Iodine and Bromine in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients—An Observational Study in a Cohort of Portuguese Patients." Toxics 11, no. 3 (2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030247.

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Background: Patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy are at high risk of disturbances in trace element status due to both the underlying disease and the hemodialysis process itself. Data on iodine and bromine levels in these patients are scarce. Methods: Using an ICP-MS analytical procedure, serum iodine and bromine levels were determined in a cohort (n = 57) of end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis. The results were compared with those of a control group (n = 59). Results: Hemodialysis patients presented serum iodine levels within the normal range, slightly lower than in co

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24

Francke, Robert, Nayereh Mohebbati, Igors Sokolovs, and Edgars Suna. "Electrochemistry of Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 42 (2022): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01421822mtgabs.

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The chemistry of hypervalent halogen species has experienced remarkable advancement in the recent decades [1]. However, in comparison to the well-explored hypervalent iodine(III) compounds, little research has been done on the isoelectronic bromine(III) counterparts [2]. This is mainly due to the difficult-to-control reactivity of λ 3-bromanes as well as to the challenges associated with the conventional protocol for their preparation from the highly toxic and corrosive precursor BrF3 [3]. In this context, we present a straightforward and scalable approach to λ 3-bromanes by anodic oxidation o

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25

Winterson, Bethan, Tuhin Patra, and Thomas Wirth. "Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds: Synthesis, Applications, Prospects." Synthesis 54, no. 05 (2021): 1261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1675-8404.

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AbstractHypervalent compounds play a prominent role in homogeneous oxidation catalysis. Despite the higher reactivity of hypervalent bromine compounds when compared to their isoelectronic iodine analogues, the corresponding λ3-bromanes are much less explored. This can be attributed to the discernible lack of convenient strategies for their synthesis. This short review highlights the available methods for the synthesis of various organo-λ3-bromanes, with a major focus on the recent developments and reactivities in the last few years. Additionally, limitations and future prospects of hypervalent

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26

Meletis, Chris D. "Iodine." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 16, no. 3 (2011): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587211414424.

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Iodine levels in the United States have dropped precipitously over the past few decades, whereas antagonists such as bromine, perchlorate, and fluoride have become more ubiquitous. These changes have placed a nutritional burden on the human body and increased the potential for pathophysiological change at the cellular level. This review examines the clinical and peer-reviewed literature and provides perspective related to health-compromising trends that warrant close scrutiny in clinical practice and future research mandates.

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27

Cleaver, Brian, and David H. Condlyffe. "The effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity of liquid iodine, iodine chloride, iodine bromide and bromine trifluoride." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 85, no. 8 (1989): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19898502453.

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28

Tarasova, N. M., I. D. Yushina, D. G. Kim, and V. V. Sharutin. "Synthesis, structure and non-covalent interactions of 5-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]thiazolium halides." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 1 (2023): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23010079.

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2,3-Dihydrothiazolo[2,3- b ]thiazolium iodides and bromide were obtained for the first time by the cyclization of corresponding metallyl- and propinylsulfanyl derivatives of 1,3-thiazole with iodine and bromine in dichloromethane without heating and the use of strong acids. The structure of the obtained compounds was studied by 1H, 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Structure of the 3-iodomethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[2,3- b ][1,3]thiazolium heterocyclic system is characterized by the X-ray analysis. The bonding in the heterocyclic system and non-covalent cation-anion interactions are analyze

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29

Spolaor, A., T. Opel, J. R. McConnell, et al. "Halogen-based reconstruction of Russian Arctic sea ice area from the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya)." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 4 (2015): 4407–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-4407-2015.

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Abstract. The role of sea ice in the Earth climate system is still under debate, although it is known to influence albedo, ocean circulation, and atmosphere-ocean heat and gas exchange. Here we present a reconstruction of AD 1950 to 1998 sea ice in the Laptev Sea based on the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic). The halogens bromine (Br) and iodine (I) are strongly influenced by sea ice processes. Bromine reacts with the sea ice surface in auto-catalyzing "Bromine explosion" events causing an enrichment of the Br / Na ratio and the bromine excess (Brexc) in snow compared

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30

Kopylov, S. N., P. S. Kopylov, I. P. Eltyshev, and I. R. Begishev. "Effect of the State of the Reactor Surface on the Characteristics of Combustion of Gas Mixtures Containing Halogen-Substituted Hydrocarbons." Журнал физической химии 97, no. 8 (2023): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044453723080113.

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The influence of the reactor walls on combustion of gas mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure has been studied experimentally. When the wall is contaminated with combustion products, the additional amounts of bromine or iodine that passed from it into the volume reduce the efficiency of combustion inhibition of hydrogen–air mixtures by bromine- and iodine-containing hydrocarbons (the effect was more pronounced for iodinated substances) and weakens the self-inhibition of the combustion of ethyl bromide in a mixture with air, leading to the expansion of the concent

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31

Harris, Gordon S., and J. S. McKechnie. "Conductometric titration study of the reactions of some trialkylphosphines with bromine, iodine and iodine bromide." Polyhedron 4, no. 1 (1985): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)84230-8.

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32

Giscard, M. "Bromine and Iodine-bromine Mineral Waters in the Voronezh Region." Вестник ВГУ Серия География Геоэкология, no. 4 (2022): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/geo/1609-0683/2022/4/131-140.

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33

Gaude, Didier, Gisèle Gellon, Raymond Le Goaller, and Jean-Louis Pierre. "Influence de la complexation sur la réactivité de nitrates d'halogènes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (1989): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-018.

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Iodine nitrate or bromine nitrate in acetonitrile or in chloroform react with a variety of phenolic substrates to form both halogenated and nitrated products. In the presence of strong complexing agents of halonium ions, no reaction occurs, while in the presence of pyridine or triethylamine, only halogenated phenols exhibiting a strong ortho-directing effect of the phenolic function are produced. Keywords: phenols, iodine nitrate, bromine nitrate, halogenation, nitration.

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34

Spolaor, A., T. Opel, J. R. McConnell, et al. "Halogen-based reconstruction of Russian Arctic sea ice area from the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya)." Cryosphere 10, no. 1 (2016): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-245-2016.

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Abstract. The role of sea ice in the Earth climate system is still under debate, although it is known to influence albedo, ocean circulation, and atmosphere–ocean heat and gas exchange. Here we present a reconstruction of 1950 to 1998 AD sea ice in the Laptev Sea based on the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic). The chemistry of halogens bromine (Br) and iodine (I) is strongly active and influenced by sea ice dynamics, in terms of physical, chemical and biological process. Bromine reacts on the sea ice surface in autocatalyzing "bromine explosion" events, causing an enric

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35

Kayi, Hakan, and Timothy Clark. "AM1* parameters for bromine and iodine." Journal of Molecular Modeling 15, no. 3 (2008): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00894-008-0419-4.

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36

Liu, Xiaodong, Qinghua Xu, Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, and Xiulin Zhu. "Visible-light-induced living radical polymerization using in situ bromine-iodine transformation as an internal boost." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 16 (2017): 2538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00366h.

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A new visible-light-induced methodology, termed as “bromine-iodine transformation activated living radical polymerization”, was successfully established to build a “bridge” between ATRP and iodine-mediated LRP techniques.

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37

Kato, Shinzi, Kouichi Kaga, Masaru Ishida, and Toshiaki Murai. "Preparation of Haloselenium and Halotellurium Trithiocarbonates." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 2 (1985): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0221.

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Abstract Selenium (1) and tellurium bis(trithiocarbonates) (2) were found to react with bromine and iodine to give the corresponding haloselenium (11) and halotellurium trithiocarbonates (7, 8). Reaction of 2 with excess of bromine give tribromotellurium trithiocarbonates (9).

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38

Sokolovs, Igors, Edgars Suna та Robert Francke. "(Invited) Electrochemical Synthesis of Chelation-Stabilized Organo-Λ ³-Bromanes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, № 52 (2023): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02522503mtgabs.

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The chemistry of hypervalent halogen species has made enormous progress over the last few decades, and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds have become common reagents in nowadays organic synthesis. The related isoelectronic hypervalent bromine(III) species feature superior reactivity to the I(III) counterparts due to the higher oxidizing ability, stronger electrophilicity and better leaving group ability (nucleofugality) of the bromanyl moiety. However, the hypervalent bromine chemistry appears to be significantly less developed than that of the iodine(III) compounds. This notable imbalance appe

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39

Worden, Richard H. "Controls on halogen concentrations in sedimentary formation waters." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 399 (1996): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.399.02.

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AbstractChlorine is the most abundant halogen in sedimentary formation waters with concentrations from <100 to >250000 mg/l. Bromine is the second most abundant halogen at <1 mg/l to >6000 mg/l with iodine from <0.1 mg/l to >100 mg/l and fluorine from <0.1 mg/l to 30 mg/l. Chlorine and bromine show a strong systematic covariation suggesting that they are subject to the same controlling mechanisms. Fluorine only shows relatively high concentrations at elevated chlorine and bromine concentrations showing that fluorine, chlorine and bromine are possibly controlled by the same

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40

Upmann, Daniel, and Peter G. Jones. "Bromination and iodination of diphosphane dichalcogenides." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 8 (2018): 2748–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04531j.

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41

Maffezzoli, Niccolò, Andrea Spolaor, Carlo Barbante, Michele Bertò, Massimo Frezzotti, and Paul Vallelonga. "Bromine, iodine and sodium in surface snow along the 2013 Talos Dome–GV7 traverse (northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica)." Cryosphere 11, no. 2 (2017): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-693-2017.

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Abstract. Halogen chemistry in the polar regions occurs through the release of halogen elements from different sources. Bromine is primarily emitted from sea salt aerosols and other saline condensed phases associated with sea ice surfaces, while iodine is affected by the release of organic compounds from algae colonies living within the sea ice environment. Measurements of halogen species in polar snow samples are limited to a few sites although there is some evidence that they are related to sea ice extent. We examine here total bromine, iodine and sodium concentrations in a series of 2 m cor

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42

Müller, Holger S. P., and Michael C. L. Gerry. "Hyperfine constants of bromine and iodine monofluoride." Journal of Chemical Physics 103, no. 2 (1995): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470092.

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43

Shi, Min, Ming Ma, Zhi-Bin Zhu, and Li Wei. "Reactions of Arylvinylidenecyclopropanes with Bromine and Iodine." Synlett 2006, no. 12 (2006): 1943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-947337.

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44

Zlotin, S. G., P. G. Kislitsin, and O. A. Luk'yanov. "Synthesis of bromine-and iodine-containing perhaloisothiazoles." Russian Chemical Bulletin 46, no. 10 (1997): 1792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02495138.

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45

Sturges, W. T., and L. A. Barrie. "Chlorine, Bromine AND Iodine in arctic aerosols." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 22, no. 6 (1988): 1179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90349-6.

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46

Rodger, P. Mark, Anthony J. Stone, and Dominic J. Tildesley. "Intermolecular interactions in halogens: Bromine and iodine." Chemical Physics Letters 145, no. 5 (1988): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)80191-x.

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47

Abdelbassit, Mohammed S., and Owen J. Curnow. "Construction of Ternary Iodine–Bromine–Chlorine Octahalides." Chemistry – A European Journal 25, no. 58 (2019): 13294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903913.

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48

Philips, Aimee, Christopher Cunningham, Kajal Naran, and Tanay Kesharwani. "Synthesis of 3-Halo-7-azaindoles through a 5-endo-dig Electrophilic Cyclization Reaction." Synlett 30, no. 10 (2019): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611827.

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Biologically useful 7-azaindoles were synthesized by electrophilic cyclization of 3-alkynyl-N,N-dimethylpyridine-2-amines with molecular iodine. By this simple atom-economical approach under ambient reaction conditions, a library of interesting 3-iodo-7-azaindoles were synthesized in high yields. To synthesize the corresponding 3-bromo- and 3-chloro-7-azaindoles, an environmentally benign copper-mediated cyclization was employed, with inexpensive, nontoxic, and noncorrosive sodium chloride and sodium bromide as the sources of chlorine and bromine, respectively.

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49

Fusswinkel, Tobias, Christopher Giehl, Oliver Beermann, et al. "Combined LA-ICP-MS microanalysis of iodine, bromine and chlorine in fluid inclusions." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 33, no. 5 (2018): 768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00415j.

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50

Meena, Bashdar I., Hawbash H. Karim, Kurdistan F. Aziz, Faten A. Chaqmaqchee, Dashne M. Kokhasmail, and Khabat N. Hussein. "Structural Characterization of Salts Using X-ray Fluorescence Technique." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 12, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.11418.

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This study investigates the structure of 21 table salts that were collected from different local markets in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The major trace elements and iodine concentrations in tablesalt are analyzed through the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and the titration method, respectively. The study shows that using XRF spectral analysis, the collected table salt samples are rich in chlorine, sodium, and contain a lower percentage of bromine, strontium, tin, tellurium, and iodine. Moreover, these samples have a high percentage of sulfur and sirconium, where the molybdenum is >0.2

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