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Academic literature on the topic 'Brome et iode'
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Journal articles on the topic "Brome et iode"
Hocek, Michal, Dana Hocková, and Jan Štambaský. "Cytostatic 6-Arylpurine Nucleosides V. Synthesis of 8-Substituted 6-Phenylpurine Ribonucleosides." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 5 (2003): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20030837.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Brome et iode"
Gauduchon, Emmanuelle. "Fonctionnalisation régiosélective en position 4 ou 5 ducycle 1,2,3-thiadiazole et applications." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2333.
Full textGrayfer, Tatyana. "Synthèse totale de la mallotojaponine C et bromofonctionnalisations de polyprénoïdes initiées par l'iode(III) hypervalent." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS349/document.
Full textMalaria is a parasitic disease affecting more than 200 million people in the world. The development of new antimalarial drugs is necessary in order to replace the existing treatments that are progressively becoming less efficient due to resistance phenomena. Natural products are an inexhaustible source of inspiration for the discovery of new drugs. In this project, we focused our attention on two natural products families exhibiting antimalarial properties: mallotojaponins and bromophycolides. In the first part of this project, we carried out the first total synthesis of mallotoajaponin C. We also synthesised a library of its analogues. All of these compounds were tested against Plasmodium falciparum responsible for malaria and against Trypanosoma brucei responsible for African sleeping sickness. We have confirmed the antimalarial activity of mallotojaponins and discovered their trypanocidal activity. In the second part of the project, we developed a chemodivergent and selective method of bromination of terpenes that could later be applied to the synthesis of bromophycolides. Using simple bromides and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents to generate electrophilic bromonium species in situ, we have shown that the reaction can be steered selectively towards the bromocarbocyclisation, the oxybromination or the dibromination of terpene chains. In all cases, the reactions are fast and easy to perform
Wu, Dan. "Synergie d'effets stériques, électroniques et bifonctionnels pour la conception de catalyseurs métalliques hautement sélectifs promus par des éléments non métalliques." Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR056.
Full textThe depletion of fossil resources and increasing environmental concerns encourage the production of sustainable chemicals and fuels from biomass resources. Selectivity is the primary parameter for heterogeneous catalytic processes, especially for the catalytic conversion of biomass-based molecules, containing a lot of functional groups with generation of various products. Recently, rational modification towards surface chemistry of metal catalysts has attracted intensive attention to tune the activity and selectivity. In this thesis, the modification of noble metal catalysts such as Pd and Ru with various non-metallic promoters such as iodine, bromine, and amines has been developed. These modifications lead to various effects like in-situ acidity generation, selective deactivation, electronic effect, and molecular imprinting. Important industrial reactions such as reductive etherification, hydrodeoxygenation, cleavage of lignin model compounds, and aromatics hydrogenation were investigated. The thesis consists of 7 chapters and 219 pages.In Chapter 1, a literature review of the recent progress in tuning catalytic properties of metal catalysts with non-metallic modifiers will be introduced. Different modification strategies will be clarified. And a general analysis will be proposed about the effects imposed by non-metallic modifiers of metal catalysts. Various industrial important reactions with the selectivity problems are discussed to elucidate the promotion effects of the non-metallic modifiers in catalysis.Chapter 2 introduces the experimental details about the preparation, characterization, and catalytic evaluation of the catalysts. Modification of Pd catalyst with iodine and bromine was investigated in Chapter 3 ~ 4. The structure-performance relationships were studied by catalytic reactions and various in-situ and ex-situ characterizations. We found that iodine and bromine withdraw electrons from Pd, leading to negative charged iodine and bromine atoms on Pd surface. Heterolytic dissociation of hydrogen on the Pd-I and Pd-Br sites leads to the in-situ generation of Brönsted acidity. The acid-metal bifunctional Pd-I and Pd-Br catalysts exhibited high efficiency for the reductive etherification of aldehydes with alcohol and the hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to dimethylfuran, respectively.In Chapter 5, the modification of metal catalysts with halogens was extended to Ru catalyst. Ru-Br catalyst has been developed and demonstrated high selectivity for the cleavage of lignin model compound diphenyl ether to mono aromatics. Further investigations indicate that the terrace sites on Ru nanoparticles, which are responsible for aromatic-rings hydrogenation, selectively deactivated by Br atoms. Moreover, Br as a strongly electronegative element withdraws electrons from Ru, leading to positively charged Ru nanoparticles. The electron-deficient Ru nanoparticles exhibited enhanced activity for hydrogenolysis of electron-rich C-O bonds. The synergy of selective deactivation and electronic effect enabled Ru-Br catalyst high efficiency for the production of phenol and benzene from diphenyl ether with high selectivity.Based on the deep understanding of the multifunctional effects of non-metallic modifiers of metal catalysts, a molecularly imprinting strategy has been proposed in Chapter 6. Molecular imprinting for the preparation of imprinted heterogeneous catalyst involves adsorption of a template molecule, deactivation with poisoners with reservation of non-poisoned active islands with pre-determined shape and size for selective transformation of the molecules corresponding to templates. We demonstrate this strategy for selective hydrogenation of aromatic molecules with different alkyl radicals by preliminary deposition of these molecules as template over Pd catalyst and deactivation using dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA)
BOURGEOIS, CHARIGOT MARIE-THERESE. "Diffusion raman resonnante et structure des etats moleculaires excites." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIMS013.
Full textFaranda, Carmela Federica. "Behavior of halogens (Cl, Br, I) in alkali-rich felsic magmas at crustal depth : an experimental approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1066.
Full textThe behavior of halogens (F, Cl, Br and I) in magmatic systems is far from being clearly understood. The scientific community has only a fragmentary understanding of the processes that influence the behaviour of these elements during magma storage and ascent to the surface. Recent studies of heavy halogens (Br and I) behaviour have focused mainly on subduction-related magmas, in the context of the geochemical cycle of the halogens from subduction to the atmosphere. Previous studies of halogens solubility (at brine saturation) have shown that felsic, highly-polymerized calc-alkaline melts have lower halogens (except F) solubility than felsic alkali-rich melts. In addition, alkali-rich melts can produce large volume eruptions (e.g., East Africa Rift System), leading to potential massive release of halogens into the atmosphere. Emissions of halogens to the atmosphere are therefore likely to be underestimated, due to the lack of detailed understanding of the behavior of halogens (and in particular bromine and iodine) during magmatic degassing. In this work, we have addressed this gap by experimentally constraining fluid/melt halogen partitioning in felsic alkali-rich systems, with a focus on Br and I, and by a preliminary study of halogens abundances in natural mafic to felsic alkali-rich glasses from different geodynamic contexts. We performed HP-HT experiments (800°-1100 °C; 10 -200 MPa; NNO-0.6 -NNO+3.4) using four melt compositions, with variable SiO2 contents and [(Na₂O+K₂O)/Al₂O₃] molar ratios (natural phonolite, comendite and pantellerite and a synthetic analogue of phonolitic composition). Our results show that melt composition has a strong effect on the partitioning of halogens between fluid and melt. Dhalogens (with Dhalogens = halogen concentration in the fluid phase / halogen concentration in the silicate melt) increases with SiO₂ content and decreases with melt alkalinity, in agreement with the solubility data. We have carried out a systematic investigation of the influence of temperature and pressure on the fluid-melt partitioning of halogens and the results show that temperature has a more pronounced effect on partitioning than pressure. The effect of the redox conditions on halogens fluid/melt partitioning was also explored and the results indicate that DI decreases with decreasing fO₂, whereas DBr and DCl show the opposite effect. We present the first determination of heavy halogens (Br and I) abundances in felsic alkali-rich glasses, with concentrations in the order of ~10 ppm of Br and up to ~1 ppm of I in alkali-rich rhyolites. Iodine concentrations for these melts are at least an order of magnitude higher than concentrations determined by bulk rock analysis of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in previous studies, highlighting the need for further quantification of heavy halogens in magmas to better assess their atmospheric emission and impact
HOMSI, FADI. "Reactions des hexafluorophosphates de iodo et bromo bis(sym-collidine) avec des derives insatures : acces aux lactones a cycle moyen, aux composes cyclobutaniques et aux halogenures insatures." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112129.
Full textSalama, Farid. "Etude de la photoexcitation dans l'ultra-violet lointain des halogènes piégés en matrice de gaz rare à basse température et étude de leur ionisation simple et double par impact protonique en phase gazeuse." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066213.
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