Journal articles: 'Broken River'

1

West. "The Broken River." Antipodes 31, no. 2 (2017): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/antipodes.31.2.0429.

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Osborne, James D. "Scenes: Broken River Books." American Book Review 39, no. 5 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2018.0082.

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Ooi, Su Ki, Mathias Foo, and Erik Weyer. "Control of the Broken River." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.01734.

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4

Nobes, David C., and Arthur Tyndall. "Searching for avalanche victims: Lessons from Broken River." Leading Edge 14, no. 4 (April 1995): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1437126.

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5

Bassett, Judith. "The faithfull massacre at the broken river, 1838." Journal of Australian Studies 13, no. 24 (May 1989): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058909386991.

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Foo, Mathias, Su Ki Ooi, and Erik Weyer. "System Identification and Control of the Broken River." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 22, no. 2 (March 2014): 618–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2013.2253103.

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Rideout, Natalie K., Bernhard Wegscheider, Matilda Kattilakoski, Katie M. McGee, Wendy A. Monk, and Donald J. Baird. "Rewilding watersheds: using nature's algorithms to fix our broken rivers." Marine and Freshwater Research 72, no. 8 (2021): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20335.

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Rewilding is an ecological restoration concept that promotes the natural recovery of ecosystems, through (initial) active or passive removal of human influence. To support the application of rewilding approaches in rivers and their watersheds, we propose a framework to assess ‘rewilding potential’ based on measurement of basic river ecosystem functions (e.g. restoring flood and nutrient pulses), including examples of specific indicators for these processes. This includes a discussion of the challenges in implementing rewilding projects, such as lack of spatio-temporal data coverage for certain ecosystem functions or tackling ongoing problems once active management is removed. We aim to stimulate new thinking on the restoration of wild rivers, and also provide an annotated bibliography of rewilding studies to support this.

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Curtis, Allan, and Alistar Robertson. "Understanding landholder management of river frontages: The Goulburn Broken." Ecological Management & Restoration 4, no. 1 (April 2003): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2003.t01-1-00137.x.

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Moise, Liviu, Eugen Găvan, Daniela Ioana Tudose, and Costel Iulian Mocanu. "A new ice breaker module concept." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi Fascicula XI Construcţii navale/ Annals of "Dunărea de Jos" of Galati Fascicle XI Shipbuilding 45 (December 3, 2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/annugalshipbuilding/2022.45.06.

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During the winters, the waters of the rivers freeze because of the low temperatures. In such situations, it is necessary to ensure the traffic of cargo and passenger ships that the formed ice patches be broken and cleared. Ice breakers are used for this purpose. These ships are of special construction that require significant investments. In this paper, a con-cept of an icebreaker module that can be attached to an existing tugboat in service is pro-posed. The paper presents a concept adapted to the Danube river and to an existing tug in service on the same river.

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Holloway, D. J. "Early Silurian trilobites from the Broken River area, north Queensland." Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 54, no. 2 (1994): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1994.54.12.

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11

Webby, Barry D., and Yong Yi Zhen. "Devonian syringostromatid stromatoporoids from the Broken River region, North Queensland." Records of the Australian Museum 60, no. 3 (October 1, 2008): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1497.

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12

Arjan, Andi, Arikah Nurhusna Afifah, Yubelium Andrew Patila, and Aryanti Virtanti Anas. "Valuation of Environmental Impact Due to Material Construction Mining, Gowa, South Sulawesi." EPI International Journal of Engineering 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022020.13.

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Sand, river stone, soil excavation, sandstone and broken stone are the types of construction materials mining in Gowa Regency and many are found in the Jeneberang River. The Jeneberang River is one of the main rivers in South Sulawesi. However, construction materials mining carried out around the Jeneberang River has a negative impact on the surrounding environment. Those negative impacts are erosion, road damage, noise, air pollution, and decrease in water quality. This research was conducted in Gowa Regency. The method used is the Contingent valuation method (CVM). CVM consists of the desire to pay (Willingness to Pay or WTP) and the desire to accept (Willingnes to Accept or WTA. While the social aspect conducts interviews with questionnaire questions to respondents to find out opinions about the surrounding environment. From this study, it is known that WTP and WTA data are inversely proportional. The greater the compensation to be paid, the more societies who want to receive and the fewer companies paid for the compensation.

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De Munck, Stéphane, Yves Gauthier, Monique Bernier, Karem Chokmani, and Serge Légaré. "River predisposition to ice jams: a simplified geospatial model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 6, 2017): 1033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1033-2017.

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Abstract. Floods resulting from river ice jams pose a great risk to many riverside municipalities in Canada. The location of an ice jam is mainly influenced by channel morphology. The goal of this work was therefore to develop a simplified geospatial model to estimate the predisposition of a river channel to ice jams. Rather than predicting the timing of river ice breakup, the main question here was to predict where the broken ice is susceptible to jam based on the river's geomorphological characteristics. Thus, six parameters referred to potential causes for ice jams in the literature were initially selected: presence of an island, narrowing of the channel, high sinuosity, presence of a bridge, confluence of rivers, and slope break. A GIS-based tool was used to generate the aforementioned factors over regular-spaced segments along the entire channel using available geospatial data. An ice jam predisposition index (IJPI) was calculated by combining the weighted optimal factors. Three Canadian rivers (province of Québec) were chosen as test sites. The resulting maps were assessed from historical observations and local knowledge. Results show that 77 % of the observed ice jam sites on record occurred in river sections that the model considered as having high or medium predisposition. This leaves 23 % of false negative errors (missed occurrence). Between 7 and 11 % of the highly predisposed river sections did not have an ice jam on record (false-positive cases). Results, limitations, and potential improvements are discussed.

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Vos, I. M. A., F. P. Bierlein, and G. S. Teale. "Genesis of orogenic-gold deposits in the Broken River Province, northeast Queensland." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 6 (December 2005): 941–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090500375190.

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15

Ye, Song, Yu Sheng Li, and Qian Guo. "Mechanics Research on Rock Stress and Deformation of Lancang River Canyon's Large - Scale Dumping Deformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.318.

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This article is based on geological surveys combined with finite element and discrete element numerical simulation methods. In-depth analysis of the complex geological structure, deformation characteristics and stress - deformation problems of dumping rock, we clarify different deformation characteristics of deformable landslide inside, at the bottom and the deep part of trailing edge, and demonstrate the deformation will gradually shift from dumping to shear slip. Potential deformation failure mode will be dumped into the whole sliding - tension, which is controlled by the bottom broken belt, and potential deformation is mainly subject to the bottom fault F207-3 of deformed rock and the dumping broken belt at the deep part of trailing edge.

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16

Kjerfve, B., HE Seim, AF Blumberg, and LD Wright. "Modelling of the residual circulation in Broken Bay and the lower Hawkesbury River, NSW." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 6 (1992): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921339.

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To elucidate the importance of lateral circulation in estuaries, a tidal circulation model was applied to Broken Bay and the lower Hawkesbury River estuarine system in New South Wales, Australia. The numerical simulation model solves the vertically averaged governing equations explicitly on a 61 × 51 finite difference grid, utilizing a 6.5-s computational step. The model is forced with an M2 tidal wave with a 1.1-m range, steady homogeneous wind stress, and river discharge. The time-averaged circulation is computed as residual transport velocities and consists of a series of residual circulation gyres. These gyres are due to tidal ebb-flood flow asymmetries and suggest the importance of lateral estuarine circulation. Very limited field data are consistent with this interpretation. Gyres in open areas change their sense of rotation in response to changing wind stress, whereas the gyres in the main channel appear to be independent of wind stress. With river discharge increased from 38 to 1250 m3 s-1, the gyres are replaced by strong ocean-directed residual velocities. The residual Stokes' drift is everywhere landward-directed and is weak except in shallow, constricted areas.

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Dixon, E. James, and George S. Smith. "Broken Canines from Alaskan Cave Deposits: Re-Evaluating Evidence for Domesticated Dog and Early Humans in Alaska." American Antiquity 51, no. 2 (April 1986): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/279946.

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Broken canines from two caves on the Porcupine River, Alaska are analyzed with respect to size, development, morphology, breakage pattern, and stratigraphic placement. These analyses indicate that they are deciduous bear teeth exfoliated in these caves through noncultural processes associated with dental development. Similarity of these teeth to the canines recovered from various stratigraphic levels at Trail Creek Caves 2 and 9, on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska (Larsen 1968:58), indicates that the Trail Creek specimens (including specimens from levels dating to the late Pleistocene) are also naturally exfoliated bear teeth and not dog canines (Canis familiaris) broken out by human beings, as originally suggested.

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18

Young, Gavin C. "A new Middle Devonian arthrodire (placoderm fish) from the Broken River area, Queensland." Records of the Australian Museum 57, no. 2 (June 8, 2005): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1443.

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Price, Gilbert J., Jonathan Cramb, Julien Louys, Kenny J. Travouillon, Eleanor M. A. Pease, Yue-xing Feng, Jian-xin Zhao, and Douglas Irvin. "Late Quaternary fossil vertebrates of the Broken River karst area, northern Queensland, Australia." Records of the Australian Museum 72, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1723.

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20

Ren, Zhi Ping, Chang Hua Liu, and Feng Feng Bie. "Dynamic Analysis of Suspended River Crossing Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.51.

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When the long-distance oil pipeline under rivers (referred to as river-crossing pipelines) are damaged by the third-party, they are prone to nudity or left vacant, and the oil pipelines under the action of water flow will cause pipeline failure; and the distance of suspended pipeline is longer than the allowed length will cause the pipeline resonance. In order to avoid pipelines fatigue or broken, suspended pipelines are considered as part of the arc shape, and non-suspended pipelines are considered as the linear shape of the mechanical model with the two ends of the fixed pier synchronous. The study will consider the impact of water flow, buoyancy, the gravity of pipelines and its annexes, bending deformation and bending moment, do the tense calculation for suspended pipelines with external load and the vibration analysis for suspended pipelines under different water flow speeds. The results showed that: the design of river-crossing suspended pipelines not only needs to consider the impact of water flow, buoyancy, the gravity of pipelines and its annexes, bending deformation and bending moment, but also to consider the floating vortex-induced vibration of the suspended pipeline, which should cause pipeline designers, constructors and maintainers’ attention.

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21

Huang, Shu You, Zhi Gang Yin, Jin Guang Zhang, Yu Shan Ren, and Jing Hai Zhou. "Research the Problem about the Silted Deposition of the Broken Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.279.

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On the foundation of the item that the residence flood controlled technique and standard tested and the analysis according to the formation of the sediment and the regulation of the sedimentation in the actual river. In the process of the studied item, design a kind of a new sedimentation basin in order to lower the sand carrying capacity of the down water in the limited distance and the biggest limit. Through the model experiment of this kind of the sedimentation basin and find out the result of the sink the sand under the different discharge, in order to guide the actual engineering application.

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Sato, Shinji, Haijiang Liu, Satoshi Takewaka, Hisamichi Nobuoka, and Shin-ichi Aoki. "TSUNAMI DAMAGES OF NAKOSO COAST DUE TO THE 2011 TOHOKU TSUNAMI." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 12, 2012): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.2.

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A post-2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami survey was conducted at the Nakoso Coast, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, on Mar 24-25 and Apr 1-2, 2011. Spatial distribution of the tsunami inundation height, together with the seawall height and damages, was investigated. We found a sharp contrast of tsunami damages within the target area; tsunami damage is the most serious in the north region (north of the Samegawa River) where seawalls with different heights played diverse roles for protection of local community. A relatively high seawall in this region kept intact after tsunami attack, and protected the lee side human properties; whereas, 71% of the low seawalls were broken during the tsunami and the disaster developed in the corresponding sheltered area. A sharp contrast at the boundary of these two types of seawalls was observed. Behind the high seawall, the tsunami intensity and velocity were significantly reduced and the inundation depth is only 0.6 m. Nevertheless, tsunami intensity was enhanced in the seawall-broken area with an inland inundation depth being 4.7 m, which ruins away the local houses. In the middle region between the Samegawa River and the Bindagawa River, the high seawall survived from the tsunami attack. We confirmed that the coastal pine tree forest, serving as a buffer zone, played a significant role in reducing the tsunami height approximately by 4 m within a cross-shore distance of 230 m. To the south of the Bindagawa River, the tsunami damage is the mildest due to the protection by the robust high seawall as well as high elevation of land topography.

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Pramono, Irfan, and Endang Savitri. "Flash flood in Arau watershed, West Sumatera: a mitigation study." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822903002.

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Flash flood often occurs in West Sumatera. In spite of heavy rain, flash floods are also caused by the landslide in the riverside that blocks the river as a natural dam. The natural dam can be broken at any time, depending on storage capacity. Flash flood occurs when the dam is broken. The aim of the research is to mitigate flash floods based on parameters influencing flood and landslide. The research was conducted in Arau watershed, West Sumatera. Parameters that have a direct proportion of floods are maximum daily rainfall, watershed shape, river gradient, drainage density, slope, and land cover. Parameters influencing landslides are antecedent soil moisture, slope, geologic type especially fault line, soil depth, and land cover. GIS is used to analyze the factors influencing flood and landslide spatially. The results show that more than 50% of the Arau watershed are slightly high and high vulnerability due to its natural condition. Furthermore, the locations of fault, especially in the riverside, should be noticed because this location could become a natural dam causing flash flood. In order to reduce flash flood impact, the natural dam should be opened as soon as possible.

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Stewardson, M. J., and P. Cottingham. "A demonstration of the flow events method: environmental flow requirements of the Broken River." Australasian Journal of Water Resources 5, no. 1 (January 2002): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2002.11465191.

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25

Webby, B. D., and Y. Y. Zhen. "Silurian and Devonian clathrodictyids and other stromatoporoids from the Broken River region, north Queensland." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 21, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519708619183.

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26

Bernet, M., and K. Bassett. "Quartz types of the Eocene Broken River Formation, Mount Somers, South Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 59, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2015.1132743.

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27

Aravind Raj, P. S., R. Divahar, Arun R. Nair, S. Aswin, and B. Bipeesh. "Study of Self Depuration Capability of River Pamba." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2040, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2040/1/012039.

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Abstract The natural waterbody such as rivers and lakes are able to do the purification process themselves, which has the primary dependant of absorption capacity and dissolution capacity of atmospheric oxygen from the surface of the water body. The various pollutants such as biological pollutants and chemical pollutants are broken-down into insignificant strength over a period of time by the growth of certain bacteria. This bacterial growth in the water is possible only with the absorbed and dissolved oxygen content in the water. This absorbed and dissolved oxygen content in the water bodies are based on the velocity of the stream, depth, discharge rate and temperature of the water, thus the self-depuration capacity of the water bodies are depended on the natural profiles and environmental factors of the waterbody and its location. This explains that the turbulent water will get purified by itself in much higher rate than the stagnant water, which tends to become septic because of the oxygen scarcity. The degree of self-depuration of a natural water body is based on the physiochemical and biological activities occurring in the system. Various parameters like basic physical properties, chemical properties such as pH, hardness, dissolved solids, mineral content, BOD, dissolved oxygen for the samples were taken along the Pamba River. The samples are taken from three zones of the Rivers viz. 1) Forest zone, 2) Residential zone and 3) Industrial zone. The water quality factors from the samples are validated against the desirable values as per IS 10500: 2012 and justifies the current status of the River and recommendations for its wellbeing.

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Liao, Jiang, Li, Zhang, Zhang, and Zhang. "Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus from Sediments in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 3783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193783.

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The effect of the freeze-thaw process is an important factor in soil nutrient changes and erosion enhancement. Sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River are likely affected by the daily freeze-thaw cycles in winter. Examining the freeze-thaw effects of phosphorus from sediments in this area is of great significance for protecting the structure and safety of the ecosystem. The freeze-thaw process of sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River was simulated through laboratory experiments, and different phosphorus contents and particle states were synchronously detected and analyzed. The results show that freeze-thaw cycles can accelerate phosphorus migration and release in the sediments, and the total amount of phosphorus release increases by 12%. After being subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, the sediment particles were broken, and the competition between ions for adsorption sites reduced phosphorus adsorption onto the sediments from the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The organic matter on the sediment surface was also broken down, and the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the combined ions that were released competed for the adsorption sites on the particle surfaces, thereby promoting phosphorus release. Among the different forms of phosphorus, aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) and iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P) are the two most released phosphorus forms by the freeze-thaw process. Although the contents of Al-P and Fe-P only account for 2.41% of the total phosphorus content, both phosphorus forms are biologically available, and freeze-thaw cycles may increase the risk of nutrient loss. This research may provide information for the study of phosphorus in river ecosystems in areas subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.

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Grant, T., and G. McDonald. "Instream Flow Requirements for The Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): High Flows. Studies of Water Transfers from The Shoalhaven River System to The Hawkesbury-Nepean River System." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98309.

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During periods of low flows into the storages of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system, Sydney Water pumps water from Lake Yarrunga, a storage at the junction of the Shoalhaven and Kangaroo Rivers. to the Wingecarribee Dam in the southern tablelands of New South Wales. From there it can be released into the upper Nepean River storages and/or the Wingecarribee River, which drains into the Wollondilly River and hence into the stored water behind Warragamba Dam. Prior to the formulation of an operational release strategy for this system, controlled releases of water were made into both the systems. During these releases the effects of flows on bank stability, water birds, benthic organisms and platypus populations and habitat were assessed, and a regime of maximum releases formulated. Potential impact on platypus populations was assessed by determining the height and/or area of bank left available for use by platypuses at the various flows. Subjective assessments were also made of the usable sections of the rivers for foraging at various flows. Broken white water was assumed to be unsuitable for foraging. The various investigations indicated that flows of 400 ML/day during September to March (water bird and platypus breeding and nesting season) and 600 ML/day at other times would have minimal impact on the ecology of the two river systems. Monitoring, studies involving netting and observations of platypuses in the upper Nepean River system indicated that operational releases within the suggested regime between July 1994 and May 1995 may have led to slightly reduced body condition in some animals during the higher flows in the winter of 1994. However the smaller discharges during the latter period of releases did not appear to result in platypuses entering the winter of 1995 in poor condition. Assessment of the usefulness of some sections of the river for foraging indicated that minor adjustments to the higher end of the flow regime may be necessary for future releases and that further monitoring needs to be done. Capture and observational monitoring studies indicated that releases of up to 500 ML/day in the Wingecarribee River between February and June 1995 had no noticeable effect on platypus activity or populations. Further monitoring needs to be done prior to, during and after higher flows and/or for longer periods in the Wingecarribee River.

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Roushangar, Kiyoumars, and Farhad Alizadeh. "Scenario-based prediction of short-term river stage–discharge process using wavelet-EEMD-based relevance vector machine." Journal of Hydroinformatics 21, no. 1 (November 23, 2018): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.023.

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Abstract In this study, daily river stage–discharge relationship was predicted using different modeling scenarios. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm and wavelet transform (WT) were used as hybrid pre-processing approach. In the WT-EEMD approach, first temporal features were decomposed using WT. Furthermore, the decomposed sub-series were further broken down into intrinsic mode functions via EEMD to obtain features with higher stationary properties. Mutual information was used to select dominant sub-series and determine efficient input dataset. Relevance vector machine (RVM) was applied to forecast river discharge. Three scenarios were developed to predict river stage–discharge process. First, a successive-station form of forecasting was proposed by incorporating geomorphological features into the modeling process. Subsequently, an integrated RVM (I-RVM) was trained based on the concept of the cascade of reservoirs and the meta-learning approach. The proposed I-RVM had the semi-distributed characteristics of the river discharge model. Finally, a multivariate RVM was trained to predict discharge for different points of the river. For this reason Westhope station's features were used as input to predict discharge at downstream of the river. Results were compared with rating curve and capability of proposed models were approved in prediction of short-term river stage–discharge.

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Fletcher, AR, AK Morison, and DJ Hume. "Effects of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., on communities of aquatic vegetation and turbidity of waterbodies in the lower Goulburn River basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 3 (1985): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850311.

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Densities of carp, ranges of turbidity, and details of communities of aquatic vegetation from 1979 to 1982 are given for several waterbodies in the Goulburn River valley including the Broken River, near Shepparton, Victoria. The turbidity values at all sites were high, typical of Australian inland waterbodies. There was no association between high carp densities and high turbidity, and populations of carp did not appear to increase turbidity. Observed turbidity increases at each site appeared to be related to hydrological changes. Fluctuation of water levels was also an important factor determining the extent of aquatic vegetation communities. However, circumstantial evidence is presented that shallow-rooted and soft-leaved aquatic vegetation such as Potamogeton spp. have been reduced by carp.

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Rahman, SMR, MN Islam, MH Rashid, NR Sarker, MSR Siddiki, MS Bari, and MA Islam. "Existing feeding practices and production performance of lactating buffaloes in selected agro-climatic zones of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 48, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v48i2.46767.

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A study was conducted to observe the existing feeding practices, nutritional supply and production performance of the lactating buffaloes in some selected agro-climatic zones of Bangladesh, viz. Bhola (AEZ-18, Coastal area), Mymensingh (AEZ-22, River basin area) and Dinajpur (AEZ-27, Drought area). Data on availability, amount and types of feeds and fodders fed to the lactating buffaloes, body weight, milk yield and quality and lactation length were collected from 30 farmers of the each selected locations. In this investigation, the mostly used feed ingredients found were rice straw, locally available green grasses, wheat bran, broken maize, mustard oil cake and broken rice. Total feed supply (DM kg/h/d) to lactating buffaloes were 17.4, 14.5 and 13.0 in coastal, river basin and drought areas, respectively, (p>0.05). But significantly (p = 0.000) different amount (DM kg/h/d) of concentrate were supplied in coastal (1.5), river basin (1.8) and drought (2.7) areas. The highest amount (kg/h/d) of green grass was supplied in coastal area (5.0) followed by river basin area (4.3) and drought area (1.3). Accordingly, amount (kg/d) of DCP and TDN were supplied was higher in coastal area (0.365 and 6.417, respectively) than that of the river basin and drought areas (0.247-0.248 and 5.501-5.891, respectively), which were below their requirements. Significantly (p=0.000) larger lactating buffaloes were found in the river basin and drought areas (weighed 372–380 kg/h) than that of coastal area (242 kg/h). The average daily milk yield was found significantly highest (p=0.000) in the drought area (5.3 L/d) which was 1.4 L and 3.1L more than that of the river basin and coastal area, respectively. The 4% FCM yield was found two times more (p=0.000) in drought area (7.7 kg/d) than that of the coastal (3.1 kg/d) and river basin (3.6 kg/d) area. On the other hand, the significantly (p=0.000) highest lactation length and lactation yield were 294 d and 1085 L, in the river basin area, which were 189 d and 1007 L in drought area and 197d and 429 L in coastal area, respectively. Among the milk constituents, protein, ash and lactose content was found higher in drought area than that of the other two areas (p=0.001). In conclusion, the prevailing variations are evidently considerable. Therefore, suggesting further works for large scale baseline data regarding buffalo populations, nutritive quality of feeds and fodder, effectiveness of existing management tools and adoption of new technologies. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 127-138

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van Der Lingen, Gerrit J. "Lower Tertiary transgressive sediments of the Broken River Formation, Mt Somers area, Canterbury, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 31, no. 3 (July 1988): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1988.10417778.

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Ruban, Dmitry A. "Complexity and Geoheritage Importance of Granite Pseudokarst from the Belaya River Gorge (Western Caucasus)." Geosciences 12, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12040175.

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New investigations in the Western Caucasus contribute to the understanding of granite pseudokarst (sensu lato) and megaclasts linked to river erosion. A plot on the bank of the Belaya River (Mountainous Adygeya, Western Caucasus) was selected to examine diverse and abundant pseudokarst features (small rock basins, hollows, potholes, and channels) and large clasts. Morphological analysis of these features clarifies their general characteristics and genetic interpretations. Pseudokarst features can be classified into two major categories, namely the relatively small (<1 m) and large (>1 m) features. Potholes, which are usually 1–3 m in size, are the most characteristic features occurring on two levels, i.e., on steep walls of the gorge (half-filled with river water) and on slightly inclined surfaces of a terrace-like landform (subaerial exposure). In both cases, their walls from the side of the river are broken. Apparently, these potholes were formed on the river bottom. Subsequent incision of the gorge elevated potholes and the river has eroded them from one side. Apparently, some pseudokarst features are related to macroturbulent flood flows and granite weathering. Due to its scientific uniqueness and aesthetic attractiveness, this granite pseudokarst constitutes geoheritage, which can be exploited for the purposes of geoscience research and geotourism development.

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Richardson, A. J., J. E. Growns, and R. A. Cook. "Distribution and life history of caridean shrimps in regulated lowland rivers in southern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 3 (2004): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03126.

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Caridean shrimps are an integral component of lowland river ecosystems in south-eastern Australia, but their distributions may be affected by flow alteration. Monthly shrimp samples were collected from slackwaters in three hydrologically distinct sections of the heavily regulated Campaspe River and the less regulated Broken River for three consecutive years. The distributions of Paratya australiensis, Caridina mccullochi and Macrobrachium australiense, along with their life history in river sections with different hydrology are outlined. Paratya australiensis and M. australiense occurred in all sections, but C. mccullochi was absent from sections of the Campaspe River that received irrigation flows during summer/autumn. Shrimp larvae were most abundant in summer (December–February) and juvenile recruitment continued through to mid autumn (April). Breeding and recruitment of P. australiensis occurred for longer than other shrimps. Apart from large adult and berried M. australiense, all life stages of shrimps commonly occurred in slackwaters, particularly the larval and juvenile stages. Irrigation flows in summer/autumn probably adversely affect the size, extent and arrangement of slackwaters, at a time when they may be critical habitats for C. mccullochi larval development and recruitment. Dams and weirs in the Campaspe River may have influenced shrimp abundance and the timing of breeding.

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ARMBRUSTER, JONATHAN W., and DAVID C. WERNEKE. "Peckoltia cavatica, a new loricariid catfish from Guyana and a redescription of P. braueri (Eigenmann 1912) (Siluriformes)." Zootaxa 882, no. 1 (March 4, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.882.1.1.

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Peckoltia cavatica is described as a new species and P. braueri is redescribed. Peckoltia cavatica and P. braueri differ from all other Peckoltia by having distal orange bands on the dorsal and caudal fins when alive and by having the plates and bones of the head and nape outlined in black. Peckoltia cavatica is found in the Essequibo River basin, and P. braueri is found in the Takutu River basin. The species differ in that P. cavatica has weaker dorsal saddles, the plates and bones of the head and nape are completely outlined in black (vs. partially outlined in P. braueri), lacks vermiculate lines on the pterotic-supracleithrum, lacks at least one, broken band in the caudal fin, and has wider orange bands.

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Westerby, Genevieve. "Pissarro at Pontoise." Athanor 39 (November 22, 2022): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu_athanor131131.

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In 1872, Camille Pissarro rendered the water of the Oise River rushing over a low dam with rapid, broken brushstrokes of pure color. Canal barges are moored to the opposite bank, their masts mirroring the young trees that line the bank and lead to the riparian village of Saint-Ouen-l’Aumône in the background. Here the artist depicts aspects of daily life on a major tributary of the Seine, but also how civil engineering projects transformed France’s river ecosystem. Throughout the nineteenth century, a range of new infrastructure projects were undertaken—from river dredging to the building of locks and dams—to create a predictable and reliable transportation network. How other signs of industrialization and modernity—like train bridges and riverside factories—manifested in the art of this period is well understood. Yet the presence of riverine infrastructure in the landscape is rarely discussed. Pissarro’s depictions of the Oise River offer a rich entry point to consider how these interventions radically altered the nature of these waterways and how the changed environment was approached by artists. Placing his pictures within the context of the infrastructure projects executed along the river, and in dialogue with the naturalist approach of Charles-François Daubigny to this same river, brings into focus Pissarro's ecological gaze, which registered the river as a space that was both natural and engineered.

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SIMÕES, WELSON LIMA, MARCOS ANTONIO DRUMOND, ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA, SÉRGIO LUIZ GONÇALVES, and MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES. "MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 1 (March 2018): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n117rc.

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ABSTRACT The high luminosity rates and high annual average temperatures of the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with the use of irrigation and adaptability of the sunflower crop to local climate, favor increased achene yield due to acceleration of morphophysiological processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of sunflower varieties grown under drip irrigation in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with 21 sunflower varieties and four replications. The variables evaluated were flowering time, plant height, number of live leaves, stem and capitulum diameter, number of lodged and broken plants, stem curvature, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, average leaf temperature, 1000-achene weight and achene yield of the sunflower varieties. The treatments presented flowering time of 43 to 59 days after sowing, plant height of 1.0 to 1.4 m, capitulum diameter of 0.154 to 0.221 m, chlorophyll content of 30.8 to 33.98 Spad units and 1000-achene weight of 35.61 to 80.30 g. The sunflower varieties V7 and V8 stood out, with achene yields above 2,960 kg ha-1 and low number of lodged and broken plants, indicating a greater adaptability irrigation crops in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley.

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Alvazio, Alvazio, Wirasolina Wirasolina, and Joniadison Joniadison. "Learning Motivation of Students with a Background Behind Broken Home at SMA Negeri 1 Geringging River." Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan 2, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.56495/jrip.v2i4.207.

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This study aims to determine (1) the learning motivation of students is seen from the intrinsic factors with a broken home background (2) The students' learning motivation is seen from the extrinsic factors with a broken home background. This type of research is qualitative research. The data collection method used is interviews. The subjects of this study were JS and DV. while the additional informants are MS, FS, and SD. This data collection technique uses triangulation including method triangulation, inter-researcher triangulation, data source triangulation and theoretical triangulation. Meanwhile, to obtain valid data, this research was conducted by data triangulation. Triangulation is a technique of checking the validity of data by utilizing something outside the data. The results showed that. The results of the study show that: first, students do not get good encouragement from parents, do not provide encouragement and complement the needs of children so that children are enthusiastic and motivated to learn. Second, students have not been able to determine the ideals that exist within themselves. Third, the motivation of students in learning so far, students do not get support and support from parents. Fourth, students do not really care about teaching and learning activities. Fifth, children's learning environment is not conducive, this is because parents are indifferent and never provide facilities to children

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Fujita, Ichiro, Yuichi Notoya, and Takanori Furuta. "MEASUREMENT OF INUNDATING FLOW FROM A BROKEN ENBANKMENT BY USING VIDEO IMAGES SHOOT FROM A MEDIA HELICOPTER." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184006001.

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The heavy rain disaster in the Kinugawa River basin that occurred along with the passage of the Typhoon 18 caused the embankment destruction in the middle reach of the river on September 10, 2015. Due to the overflow, the houses in the vicinity of the embankment collapsed, causing a flood inundation spreading over a wide area. Because the embankment breakwater occurred during the daytime, the state of the inundating flow was recorded from various angles by media helicopters or drones. In this study, we developed a method to extract quantitative flow information from a helicopter video image in which the shooting position and angles are changed one after another, because it was taken in emergency. In the analysis, the images were orthorectified after stabilizing the images, from which surface velocity distributions were measured by image-based technique such as the large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) or the space-time image velocimetry (STIV). As a result, the time change of water entering from the broken embankment and the total inundated water volume during the disaster were estimated. In addition, two-dimensional surface velocity distributions were analysed to show the spreading of inundated flow.

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Alexander, William J. R., and William J. R. Emeritus. "Linkages between Solar Activity and Climatic Responses." Energy & Environment 16, no. 2 (March 2005): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958305053749462.

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Statistically significant 21-year periodicity is present concurrently in South African annual rainfall, river flow, flood peak maxima, groundwater levels, lake levels and the Southern Oscillation Index. This is directly related to the double sunspot cycle. The first years of the periodic sequences are characterised by sudden, regular and therefore predictable, reversals from sequences of well below average rainfall and river flow (droughts) that are suddenly broken by sequences of well above average events (floods). These reversals are directly related to corresponding six-fold increases in sunspot activity at this time. The two sunspot cycles that comprise the double sunspot cycle also have fundamentally different effects on the hydrometeorological responses. These observations are solidly based and will require a re-assessment of the nature of the solar activity that gives rise to them.

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FUJITA, Ichiro, Yuichi NOTOYA, and Takanori FURUTA. "MEASUREMENT OF OVERFLOWING FLOW FROM A BROKEN LEVEE OF THE KINU RIVER USING MEDIA HELICOPTER VIDEO." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 74, no. 4 (2018): I_835—I_840. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.74.i_835.

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CHOUDHURY, HRISHIKESH, ABHINIT DEY, RATUL CH BHARALI, DANDADHAR SARMA, and WAIKHOM VISHWANATH. "A new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae: Schistura) from Arunachal Pradesh, India." Zootaxa 4551, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.1.2.

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Schistura rebuw, new species, is described from the Kameng River, a north-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The new species is easily distinguished from all known congeners in the Brahmaputra basin by its unique sexual dimorphism, specifically a suborbital slit in adult females, and a suborbital flap in adult males; and a colour pattern of 10–11 blackish bars on a greyish-beige body, the pre-dorsal bars mostly broken or incomplete, coalescing dorsally in a more or less alternate fashion.

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CRAMB, JONATHAN, and SCOTT HOCKNULL. "New Quaternary records of Conilurus (Rodentia: Muridae) from eastern and northern Australia with the description of a new species." Zootaxa 2634, no. 1 (October 4, 2010): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2634.1.3.

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Since European arrival in Australia the murid genus Conilurus Ogilby has suffered severe decline, the causes of which are still uncertain. Knowledge of the distribution of the genus during the Quaternary may be useful in understanding why Conilurus has declined and thus inform efforts to conserve remaining populations. The late Quaternary distribution of species of Conilurus is here revised with the extension of the known ranges of two species, C. albipes and C. penicilattus, to the north and east of their previously known ranges, respectively. An additional species, C. capricornensis sp. nov., is described on the basis of Pleistocene and Holocene dental remains. Conilurus capricornensis is large for the genus and can be distinguished from C. penicillatus and C. albipes by molar dimensions, a posteriorly narrow anterior palatal foramina, the presence of a T3 and anterior cingulum on M 1 , and small or absent posterior cingula on M 1-2 . The southern-most occurrence of C. capricornensis overlaps the northern-most record of C. albipes. The temporal ranges of C. capricornensis and C. penicillatus overlap, but they have not been found in sympatry. Recently recovered fossil and subfossil specimens from the Broken River area, near Townsville, Queensland and Mount Etna (eastern Queensland) indicate that C. capricornensis had a temporal range from the late Pleistocene to very recent time. Preservation of some specimens from the Broken River area indicates that C. capricornensis may still be extant in that area.

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Baker, Timothy T., and L. Saree Timmons. "Precision of Ages Estimated from Five Bony Structures of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Wood River System, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-118.

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Ages of 32 Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) were estimated from otoliths (surface-examined and broken-and-burned), vertebrae, cleithra, opercula, and subopercula. Six readers examined each structure three times, and the precision of these estimates among structures and readers was compared with means, aging differences, and analyses of variance. Surface-examined otoliths provided the most precise age estimates and were one of the easiest structures to prepare and read. Broken-and-burned otoliths produced less precise estimates for larger, older Arctic char than for smaller, younger Arctic char. Based on lack of precision, cleithra should probably not be used to age Arctic char. Although mean estimates for the five structures were not significantly different, surface-examined otoliths produced older age estimates than break and burn otoliths. We feel that surface-examined otoliths are best for precise estimation of age of Arctic char but recommend that both otolith methods be compared when aging Arctic char older than 8 yr. Scales were also examined from 30 Arctic char but were not included in the analyses after preliminary examination because age was difficult to interpret (circuli were clear on all scales, but only two or three annuli of uncertain significance could be distinguished).

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Nurhikmah, Firdha, Mery Selintung, and Syafruddin Rauf. "ANALISIS TINGKAT PENYEBARAN PENCEMARAN SUNGAI TALLO DENGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG) (Analysis of the Pollution Distribution Level of the Tallo River using Geographic Information Systems (GIS))." Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jppdas.2022.6.2.179-198.

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Makassar City is one of the densely populated cities with various industrial activities. Among the 15 sub-districts in the Makassar City area, eight of them are crossed by the Tallo River. This study aims to analyze the level of spread of pollution and the water quality status of the water at the Tallo River using the parameters of temperature, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, and COD. The research was conducted by delimiting and dividing the research area into 3 river segments based on different types of land use. Sampling of Tallo River water in this study used SNI 6989.57:2008. The water quality parameters were tested in the field and in the laboratory. From the results of this study, based on the standard criteria for class II PP No. 82 of 2001, the water quality of the Tallo River at the research site in terms of physical parameters, the temperature value meets the quality criteria, while the TSS value at several points does not meet the quality standard criteria. In terms of chemical parameters, the pH and DO values meet the quality criteria, while the BOD and COD values does not. The water quality status of the Tallo River is then calculated using the Pollution Index method. Overall, it is categorized as lightly polluted. If broken down per segment, the distribution of water pollution levels in the Tallo River shows a fluctuating pattern, tending to increase at the first segment test point, decrease at the segment 2 test point, and increase again at the last segment test point.

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Perets, Khrystyna, Oksana Vovk, Oleh Orlov, and Olena Lutsyshyn. "The properties of river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8867.

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Alluvial soil formation is a dynamic process, the main prerequisite of which is the regular, periodic flooding of the river floodplain with flood waters, which are enriched with multidispersed organic and mineral particles. During the last century, about 80 % of territory of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain was transformed by means of hydrotechnical construction: waterproof dams and drainage channels have broken the wide river floodplains into isolated fragments, making impossible the free flow of flood waters, enriched with silt. The results of the study of stratification patterns of the river silt in the riverbed floodplain, depending on the flow velocity, granulometric composition, physical and chemical properties, given its role in the floodplain soil formation are given. The granulometric composition of the Dniester River silt changes downstream from the sandy to the heavy-loamy; In the floodplains of the Stryj and Svicha rivers medium- and heavy-loamy deposits are postponed, respectively. In the upper part of the Upper- Dniester alluvial plain (Chaikovichi 1, 2) accumulates a silt with predominance of the medium and fine sand fraction, which forms a good filtration ability of soils, whereas downstream the physical clay content increases (up to 47.2 %), which makes the river silt an important source of mineral nutrition of plants. The domination (over 40 %)in silt granulometric composition the rough dust fraction (Ustia 1, Zalisky 1) contributes to the improvement of the water-physical properties of alluvial soils and provides optimal conditions for the biota functioning. For the investigated river alluviums an alkaline reaction of the extract (pH (H2O) = 7,44–8,03) and low content of humus (0,54–3,80 %) are characteristic. The amount of nitrogen in the silt varies within 1,47–18,20 mg/100 g of soil. The river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain are an active factor in floodplain soil formation, since it optimizes the water-physical and physical-chemical properties of alluvial soils. But the influence area of silt on the soilsis sharply reduced and is limited only to the space in front of the dams. In the soils outside the dam, to which no fresh alluvial material comes, the hydrological regime is rebuilt and properties change substantially, up to the loss of their typological alluvial features. Key words: river alluviums, silt, floodplain, the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain, alluvial soils, hydrotechnical fragmentation.

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Jepkemboi Loice, Kipkiror, Kipsang Bernard Rop, and Wycliffe Habel Namwiba. "Recurrent landslides of Lagam escarpment, Kaben Location, Marakwet East, Kenya." Global Journal of Geological Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 13, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v19i1.2.

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The landslides of the Lagam escarpment, Kaben Location, Marakwet, Elgeyo Marakwet County, are not only recurrent but are highly cataclysmic; causing mayhem whenever they occur. The first known landslides on the Lagam escarpment of Kaben location -Marakwet, happened during the 1961 El-Nino, when a major rainstorm hit the area (Kiptungu). These landslides re-fashioned Embosumer River and left huge boulders scattered over many farmlands. In 2010, a catastrophic landslide hit Kaben location and again, Embosumer River was the perpetrator, having broken its banks due to excessive water inflow. Many lives were lost and lots of property was destroyed. In 2020, heavy rains pounded the area causing massive mudslides that involved many rivers and streams; such as Embosumer, Emboreberwo and Karengor. As a result, twenty-six (26) lives were lost, homes, schools and farmlands were washed away and to date, there are several bodies believed to be trapped in the mudslide material. This study is geared towards investigating the causes of the recurrent landslides and proposing possible mitigation measures. Data was collected through secondary data analysis and has been presented in the form of ground photographs, satellite images and discussions made thereon. It is hoped that this preliminary study of the Lagam escarpment landslides will create awareness pertaining to the recurrent landslides and draw positive action from the area residents and all concerned.

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Bearden, Bennett L. "Following the proper channels: tributaries in the Mekong legal regime." Water Policy 14, no. 6 (September 7, 2012): 991–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.112.

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The Mekong is the archetypal dissevered river basin, separated, divided into parts and broken up by ambiguous and undefined terms in the 1995 Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin. The treaty's text generalizes and redefines the concept of a river basin in which tributaries are marginalized and headwaters are excluded, yet on paper the 1995 Mekong Agreement creates the legal fiction of a holistic water resources management paradigm primarily by focusing on the ‘imported’ (Affeltranger, 2005, p. 54) concept of sustainable development. In effect, transboundary tributaries in the Mekong legal regime are managed by each state unilaterally through application of the limiting language embodied in Article 5(A) which emphasizes hydro-sovereignty. The modern trend and badge of responsibility are to provide a legal framework for the entire watercourse, defined as including its tributaries, and to promote basin-wide governance. Analysis of selected legal regimes and case law demonstrates that ironically, despite their volumetric contributions to flow, tributaries remain at the margin of many legal regimes of international and interstate watercourses including the Mekong. The Lower Mekong River Basin states should consider use of joint development agreements (JDAs), sub-compacts or subsidiary agreements for negotiating and dealing with intrabasin water use and interbasin water diversions on tributaries.

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Sattar, Erum, Jason Robison, and Daniel McCool. "Evolution of Water Institutions in the Indus River Basin: Reflections from the Law of the Colorado River." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 51.4 (2018): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.51.4.evolution.

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Transboundary water institutions in the Indus River Basin can be fairly characterized as broken in key respects. International relations between India and Pakistan over the Indus Waters Treaty, as well as interprovincial relations within Pakistan over the 1991 Water Accord, speak to this sentiment. Stemming from research undertaken by the authors for the Harvard Water Federalism Project and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), this Article seeks to spur the evolution of the Indus River Basin’s water institutions by offering a comparative perspective from North America’s most “institutionally encompassed” basin, the Colorado River Basin. Mindful of the importance of context for comparative water law and policy scholarship, the Article begins with overviews of the Colorado and Indus basins. In turn, the Article considers in greater detail major water-related challenges facing the latter basin, including climate change and overallocation. Against this backdrop, the Article ultimately turns to analysis and prescription. Examining a host of topics involving transboundary water allocation, conservation, and governance, the Article considers key institutions associated with these topics in the Colorado River Basin and reflects on how, if at all, they may serve as reference points for institutional evolution in the Indus Basin. Many of the proposals in the Article are expensive. But compared to military operations, they are quite modest in terms of expense and minimize the risk of loss of life and destruction of property. Still, the Article prioritizes solutions that maximize individual and local freedom to the greatest extent possible. This means relying upon voluntary market-based transfers that protect the vulnerable, favoring incentives rather than regulations, and creating a reward structure that includes benefits other than water.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Broken River'

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