Academic literature on the topic 'Broken Chains'
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Journal articles on the topic "Broken Chains"
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Allison, Cliff. "The chains are broken." Nursing Standard 4, no. 27 (March 28, 1990): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.4.27.22.s28.
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Wilkinson, Michael, and Bernhard Mehlig. "Strength Distribution of Repeatedly Broken Chains." Journal of Statistical Physics 127, no. 6 (May 5, 2007): 1279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-007-9320-2.
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Liu, Zhi Yong, Chong Cui, and Li Li. "Study on Preparation and Dispersion Effect of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer with Broken Dentiform Structure." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.984.
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Based on the analysis of the chemical structure of polycarboxylate-type SPs grafted PEO side chains, as well as sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups, a kind of polycarboxylate-based SPs grafted varied PEO side chains were synthesized by using radical polymerisation techniques.The relative dispersing effectiveness of the SPs was evaluated in cement paste and concrete by measuring paste flow and concrete slumps. The test results indicat that the copolymers with shorter PEO side chains (with 9 and 14 EO units) give lower initial dispersing power but higher time retention,with the prolonging of PEO side chains the higher initial dispersing effect and the lower time retention can be received. The excellent dispersing property and time retention of synthesized SPs for cementious systems can be achieved by grafted long side chain(with 45 EO units) integrated with short side chain(9 or 14 EO) at the backbone of anionic polymer.
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Hammouda, Boualem, Jesus J. Garcia Molina, and Jose Garcia de la Torre. "Static scattering function for randomly broken chains." Journal of Chemical Physics 85, no. 7 (October 1986): 4120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450883.
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Hafner, J. "Structure of liquid tellurium: entangled, broken chains." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 5 (February 5, 1990): 1271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/5/018.
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Swarup, Vimal P., Caitlin P. Mencio, Vladimir Hlady, and Balagurunathan Kuberan. "Sugar glues for broken neurons." BioMolecular Concepts 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2012-0042.
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AbstractProteoglycans (PGs) regulate diverse functions in the central nervous system (CNS) by interacting with a number of growth factors, matrix proteins, and cell surface molecules. Heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are two major glycosaminoglycans present in the PGs of the CNS. The functionality of these PGs is to a large extent dictated by the fine sulfation patterns present on their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. In the past 15 years, there has been a significant expansion in our knowledge on the role of HS and CS chains in various neurological processes, such as neuronal growth, regeneration, plasticity, and pathfinding. However, defining the relation between distinct sulfation patterns of the GAGs and their functionality has thus far been difficult. With the emergence of novel tools for the synthesis of defined GAG structures, and techniques for their characterization, we are now in a better position to explore the structure-function relation of GAGs in the context of their sulfation patterns. In this review, we discuss the importance of GAGs on CNS development, injury, and disorders with an emphasis on their sulfation patterns. Finally, we outline several GAG-based therapeutic strategies to exploit GAG chains for ameliorating various CNS disorders.
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Crouch, Alfred L. "Debugging and Diagnosing Scan Chains." EDFA Technical Articles 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2005-1.p016.
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Abstract Scan chains help detect and identify failures in integrated circuits, but they are also susceptible to failure themselves. When scan chains break, it does not necessarily render them useless. Normally, scan chains can be debugged and diagnosed so that they can be fixed or used while masking out vector bits associated with broken or corrupted portions of the chain. This article describes the different ways that scan chains can break and how it tends to affect their performance. It explains how to repair various types of scan chain failures or at least regain partial use for limited testing purposes.
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Janas, Michael, and Michel Janssen. "Broken Arrows: Hardy–Unruh Chains and Quantum Contextuality." Entropy 25, no. 12 (November 21, 2023): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25121568.
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Hardy and Unruh constructed a family of non-maximally entangled states of pairs of particles giving rise to correlations that cannot be accounted for with a local hidden-variable theory. Rather than pointing to violations of some Bell inequality, however, they pointed to apparent clashes with the basic rules of logic. Specifically, they constructed these states and the associated measurement settings in such a way that the outcomes satisfy some conditionals but not an additional one entailed by them. Quantum mechanics avoids the broken ‘if …then …’ arrows in such Hardy–Unruh chains, as we call them, because it cannot simultaneously assign truth values to all conditionals involved. Measurements to determine the truth value of some preclude measurements to determine the truth value of others. Hardy–Unruh chains thus nicely illustrate quantum contextuality: which variables do and do not obtain definite values depends on what measurements we decide to perform. Using a framework inspired by Bub and Pitowsky and developed in our book Understanding Quantum Raffles (co-authored with Michael E. Cuffaro), we construct and analyze Hardy–Unruh chains in terms of fictitious bananas mimicking the behavior of spin-12 particles.
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MUROGA, Yoshio. "Broken Rodlike Chain Model and Its Applicability to Conformational Analysis of Polymer Chains." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 60, no. 6 (2003): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.60.241.
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Luck, Jean-Marc. "An investigation of PT -symmetry breaking in tight-binding chains." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac42ce.
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Abstract We consider non-Hermitian PT -symmetric tight-binding chains where gain/loss optical potentials of equal magnitudes ±iγ are arbitrarily distributed over all sites. The main focus is on the threshold γ c beyond which PT -symmetry is broken. This threshold generically falls off as a power of the chain length, whose exponent depends on the configuration of optical potentials, ranging between 1 (for balanced periodic chains) and 2 (for unbalanced periodic chains, where each half of the chain experiences a non-zero mean potential). For random sequences of optical potentials with zero average and finite variance, the threshold is itself a random variable, whose mean value decays with exponent 3/2 and whose fluctuations have a universal distribution. The chains yielding the most robust PT -symmetric phase, i.e. the highest threshold at fixed chain length, are obtained by exact enumeration up to 48 sites. This optimal threshold exhibits an irregular dependence on the chain length, presumably decaying asymptotically with exponent 1, up to logarithmic corrections.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Broken Chains"
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Filson, Andrew J. "Bars, Chains, and Broken Things." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2017. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/music_grtheses/3.
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Bars, Chains, and Broken Things is a four-movement work for orchestra with a distinct social narrative: the American prison system. During my time working as a volunteer with the Pendleton Juvenile Correctional Facility, I came to know several young men and their stories. This piece serves as a loosely programmatic work chronicling the four most significant concepts which resonated with me. The individual movements are named and seek to musically represent these ideas: “Abandonment” - a common feeling among the incarcerated, “Imprisonment” - the effects and words of those feeling isolated, “Solace” - a state of calm acceptance, and “False Freedom” - a refutation of the belief that release from the prison system signifies the end of society’s punishment. It is my hope that this work serves as a musical contribution to awareness of the current issues faced in the American prison system.
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Johansson, Ellen. "Chained Thoughts Broken by Chains of Thought : An Analysis of the Narrative Style Used in Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-276.
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Abstract
Chained Thoughts Broken by Chains of Thought
An Analysis of the Narrative Style Used in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own
The purpose of this essay is to analyse the narrative style used in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own in order to show in which ways it supports and reinforces the author’s arguments in her quest for a more equal society. One of the most prominent stylistic means applied by Woolf is her ‘train of thought’, linking one reflection to another like wagons in a railway convoy or like loops in a chain (therefore also sometimes referred to as ‘chain of thought’ in dictionaries). By examining how different rhetorical devices are applied within this train or chain of thought and in which ways these strategies are linked to the main elements of persuasion (ethos, pathos and logos) in Aristotelian Rhetoric, I have found that one of Woolf’s central themes - the resentment against confinement and the advocacy of androgyny or mixed-gendered thinking - is mirrored in her style. It reflects the author’s call to resist society’s restrictions by its unrestricted combination of different rhetorical strategies; this mixture of stylistic, partly gender-neutral devices helps her to create a common ground where she can reach and appeal to both genders in a very effective and innovative way, thus enabling her chain of thoughts to break some of our chained thoughts.
Ellen Johansson
Engelska C
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DICECCA, RAFFAELE. "Knowledge and innovation transfer via intermediary organizations in the agro-food value chain." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/338831.
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The importance of innovation in the agro-food sector and the extension services has gained significance both in the practice and in the academic context. The agro-food sector is facing rapid and fast-spreading challenge such as, increased uncertainty due to rising of food price, resource scarcity and climate change. In this context, innovation and knowledge transfer are starting to became key tools for practitioners to tackle the latest global challenges. However, handling innovation remains a crucial step for many stakeholders in the agricultural value chain. Smallholder farmers, farmers, retailers, processors, public and private institutions, academics, researchers and so on, face different constraints in accessing or spreading innovation, knowledge and capital. This calls for the presence of intermediary organizations.
The purpose of the thesis is to firstly present an overview of the role of intermediaries, fostering innovation processes for smallholders farmers; secondly to understand how they can facilitate the development of the agricultural value chain; and finally present an empirical application, understanding the facilitation of innovation processes by Local action groups in the Italian agro-food value chain. The thesis reviews, regardless the specific context, literature on functions of innovation intermediary organizations and the way in which they support smallholder farmers to adopt and participate in innovation processes, thus fostering participation in market exchanges and farmers’ development. Moreover, it aims at contributing to academic debate on innovation intermediaries, by adopting a value chain perspective, entailing an explorative multiple case research based on the theory-building approach. Finally, gives an empirical analysis on the case of Local Action Groups as potential innovation intermediaries within Italian rural development program. Findings highlight (i) that matching function of innovation intermediaries and types of farmers challenges is crucial in order to enhance adoption and diffusion of innovation; (ii) that different types of intermediaries affect the value chain at micro, meso and macro level and finally (iii) which are the main factors that affect the decision to activate innovative measures by local Action Groups within agricultural and rural policy.
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Schulz, Anna [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Brocker. "Rho GTPase Cdc42 controls invariant chain processing and MHC II loading in dendritic cells / Anna Schulz. Betreuer: Thomas Brocker." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1078852227/34.
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Cellineri, Katie Rose Boissonneault. "Microbial food web interactions in two Long Island embayments /." Online version, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2064.
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Boissonneault, Katie Rose 1973. "Microbial food web interactions in two Long Island embayments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2064.
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Thesis (S.M. in Biology)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-30).
Phytoplankton mortality (herbivory) and bacterivory were examined experimentally in West Neck Bay and Coecles Harbor, Long Island, NY from April through September, 1998. Small algae (<5 [tm diameter) dominated phytoplankton communities in both ecosystems throughout the summer, and zooplankton were also small (mostly <40 tm). Generally, plankton abundances were indicative of eutrophic ecosystems. Oscillations in standing stocks and mortality of prey indicated tight coupling of growth and grazing mortality in both bays. Phytoplankton mortality rates accounted for the removal of 14% to 65% of total phytoplankton standing stocks daily, while bacterivory accounted for the removal of 14% to 88% of total bacterial standing stocks daily. Estimates of carbon consumption revealed high energy flux through the nano- and microzooplankton assemblages of these estuarine environments.
by Katie Rose Boissonneault Cellineri.
S.M.in Biology
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Stahlhut, Dirk. "Decay Fungi from New Zealand Leaky Buildings: Isolation, Identification and Preservative Resistance." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2637.
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Leaky buildings are those that show elevated moisture contents of the framing timber, which can subsequently lead to the establishment of fungal and bacterial decay. Prior to this study, the causative agents of the decay in these leaky buildings were unknown, though it was suspected to be one or more species of decay fungi. Therefore, the overall goal of this multi-disciplinary PhD thesis research was to determine the causative agents of decay in leaky buildings of New Zealand in an effort to develop solutions for both their remediation and future prevention. Use of molecular biology methodology and classical mycological techniques based on morphology enabled identification of decay fungi from framing timber and air samples of leaky New Zealand buildings and provided insight into relative importance based on isolation frequency. In most cases, fungi colonising Pinus radiata D. Don were isolated to produce pure cultures. Mycelia from these cultures on agar media were collected to extract DNA. To identify the fungi to the species level, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fungal specific DNA primer pairs were performed followed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Identification was by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) search on sequences in known GenBanks. In total, 421 samples from leaky buildings were processed, predominately untreated P. radiata decayed framing timber and also fibre cement boards and building paper. From these, sixty-eight fungal identifications were made. The only taxa that were isolated with significant frequency were identified as 4 basidiomycete species, as follows, along with the number of times they were isolated from the 421 samples: • Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulf.: Fr.) Karst. 13x • Oligoporus placenta (Fries 1865) Gilb. In Ryv.1985 11x • Antrodia sinuosa (Fr.) Karst. 8x • Gloeophyllum trabeum (Fr.) Murr. 4x Although these species were identified repeatedly, in total they represent less than 10% of the total samples and, therefore, it is concluded that the leaky building decay samples represent high fungal biodiversity. An aerial spore study of internal air, wall cavity air and exterior air of leaky buildings was carried out using a Merck MAS-100 instrument which collects spores directly onto selective media plates. Viable fungal aerial spores were detected at every sampling location tested at the leaky buildings, by the criteria of culturing, with a highest mean of 3714 colony-forming units (CFU) per cubic metre found in the cavities of water-damaged walls. This aerial spore study in conjunction with isolation from decayed wood samples from the same leaky buildings enabled identification of G. sepiarium and A. sinuosa at the same test site. The use of carboxymethylcellulose medium further demonstrated the presence of potential cellulose-degrading fungi within and around the location. Overall, the combination of direct sampling of timber and air sampling proved useful for detection of fungal species variability at a multi-unit building. Four decay fungi isolated from New Zealand leaky buildings and two standard control decay fungi (Coniophora puteana and Serpula lacrymans) were submitted to laboratory wood block testing to determine the effectiveness of currently used wood framing preservatives under laboratory conditions before and after a standard leaching regime. P. radiata blocks were treated with water based boron copper azole and solvent based IPBC propiconazole plus tebuconazole (1:1) preservatives and exposed to the basidiomycetes for 12 weeks. Mass loss for the fungal decay-infected samples was recorded of up to 55% for preservative-treated samples, up to 62% mass loss for leached samples and up to 58% mass loss for un-preservative treated samples. Additionally, well defined dosage responses and approximate toxic thresholds were obtained for all preservatives tested. Results suggested that the minimum IPBC retention specified by Hazard Class 1.2 of NZS3640:2003 (0.025% m/m) is on the low side, and demonstrated after the 2 week leaching regime complete loss of efficacy of boron at 0.4% m/m boric acid equivalent (BAE). This PhD research gave a first overview of fungi occurring in New Zealand leaky buildings, and it demonstrated the following key aspects of wood preservation: 1. The isolated test fungus Antrodia sinuosa was more difficult to control with propiconazole plus tebuconazole at retention 0.007% m/m than the known tolerant fungus Oligoporus placenta; 2. Boron at Hazard Class 1.2 retention of 0.4% m/m BAE was not toxic to Oligoporus placenta; 3. Serpula lacrymans exhibited tolerance to the highest retention of 0.06 %m/m tebuconazole plus propiconazole; and 4. Gloeophyllum species appeared susceptible to all wood preservatives. In order to correlate fungal colonisation and wood decay, colonised wood blocks were studied using light microscopy (LM) and field- emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Microscopic observations of P. radiata wood blocks following a standard wood decay test of twelve weeks of fungal colonisation by Serpula lacrymans, Antrodia sinuosa, Oligoporus placenta and Gloeophyllum sepiarium revealed that the two microscopic techniques employed were complementary by allowing features such as pit membranes, chlamydospores or S3/S2 compound middle lamella interface to be photographed in greater detail, allowing for more precise analyses and interpretation of key findings, as follows: 1. Brown rot fungi directly target their apical growth towards degraded pit apetures; 2. Reliance on light microscopy and observed birefringence as a tool to record changes in cell wall crystallinity associated with brown rot decay alone could be misleading; 3. Presence of fine (≤ 1 m) to wide (≥ 3.5 m) bore-hole and hyphal size ranges, and nearly unchanged cell wall thickness of all wood/test fungal combinations, confirmed active decay at moderate to late stages; 4. Some ray parenchyma cells for Antrodia sinuosa, Oligoporus placenta and Gloeophyllum sepiarium colonised blocks were intact throughout late stages of decay, outlining that they were not preferentially degraded early in the brown rot decay process, and 5. Presence of bore-holes, clamp and medallion clamp formation and resting spores (chlamydospores and arthrospores) are fungal specific, can aid in their differentiation and identification, and should be recorded during wood decay studies, as especially resting spores are an important factor when planning remediation strategies. In summary, this PhD thesis research provided the first comprehensive investigation into the biodiversity of fungi from leaky New Zealand buildings, identified the dominant species and presented details about their micromorphology and their decay patterns. It also demonstrated substantial differences in efficacy of preservative formulations currently (December 2008) approved for framing treatments in New Zealand and possible deficiencies where framing may be subjected to severe leaching. This study also provided the first comparative analyses of viable fungal aerial spores between leaky wall cavities and the surrounding air environment. Subsequently, this research added to the knowledge of the decay fungal species diversity in and around New Zealand leaky buildings, outlined their capabilities to degrade treated and un-treated P. radiata framing timber and illustrated the efficacy of New Zealand approved wood preservatives for their potential as remedial treatment and future prevention.
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Zakharova, Maria, and Tim Kruisman. "Shop employees as a source of innovation : A study of Dutch franchise retail organizations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21569.
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Background: These days in uncertain circumstances and economic downturn, innovation is very important for organizations. This applies also on Dutch franchise retail organizations (DFRO’s) and its suppliers, which are in focus in this thesis. The authors argue that shop employees working in the physical shops are a valuable source of innovation and can function as a pass-through of consumer information to the management of a DFRO and its suppliers.The main question is, if and how DFRO’s and its supplier use shop employees as a source of innovation? Purpose: To describe and explore the involvement of shop employees in the innovation process of Dutch franchise retail organizations and its suppliers; and to find out possible advantages and disadvantages of shop employees’ involvement in the innovation processes, and directions of innovation in which shop employees are involved. Method: This thesis is written from a social constructivism perspective with the use of a deductive approach. A holistic multiple case-study of eight Dutch franchise retail organizations was applied by using qualitative method. To collect the empirical data 23 semi-structured interviews with shop employees were conducted in combination with several observations. The collected empirical data was analyzed by using cross-case synthesis method. The research quality is based upon trustworthiness and authenticity. Results and conclusions: The highest degree of involvement of the shop employees in the innovation process by both management and suppliers takes place in the last three stages of the innovation process, which are validation, commercialization and evaluation, in offer- and support-related directions of innovations. In other words, the shop employees are more involved in the innovation process in their own working environment rather than in the decision-making level. The results of the study show that shop employees are willing to be more involved in the innovation process and see more advantages than disadvantages for management, suppliers and themselves. Suggestions for future research: Since this thesis gives interesting results, the future research could be done to strengthen and expand those. The authors suggest to increase the amount of researched DFRO’s; to research multiple shop locations of the same DFRO; to take the position, responsibilities and working period of the shop employees more into consideration. Also the authors see a necessity of future research to confirm the mentioned possible disadvantages and advantages of shop employees’ involvement out of a different perspective.
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Moreira, Ana Sofia Pereira. "Study of modifications induced by thermal and oxidative treatment in oligo and polysaccharides of coffee by mass spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17074.
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Doutoramento em BioquímicaOs polissacarídeos são os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café verde e torrado e da bebida de café. Os mais abundantes são as galactomananas, seguindo-se as arabinogalactanas. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas sofrem modificações estruturais, as quais estão longe de estar completamente elucidadas devido à sua diversidade e à complexidade estrutural dos compostos formados. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas reagem com proteínas, ácidos clorogénicos e sacarose, originando compostos castanhos de alto peso molecular contendo nitrogénio, designados de melanoidinas. As melanoidinas do café apresentam diversas atividades biológicas e efeitos benéficos para a saúde. No entanto, a sua estrutura exata e os mecanismos envolvidos na sua formação permanecem desconhecidos, bem como a relação estrutura-atividade biológica. A utilização de sistemas modelo e a análise por espectrometria de massa permitem obter uma visão global e, simultaneamente, detalhada das modificações estruturais nos polissacarídeos do café promovidas pela torra, contribuindo para a elucidação das estruturas e mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas. Com base nesta tese, oligossacarídeos estruturalmente relacionados com a cadeia principal das galactomananas, (β1→4)-Dmanotriose (Man3), e as cadeias laterais das arabinogalactanas, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose (Ara3), isoladamente ou em misturas com ácido 5-Ocafeoilquínico (5-CQA), o ácido clorogénico mais abundante nos grãos de café verde, e péptidos compostos por tirosina e leucina, usados como modelos das proteínas, foram sujeitos a tratamento térmico a seco, mimetizando o processo de torra. A oxidação induzida por radicais hidroxilo (HO•) foi também estudada, uma vez que estes radicais parecem estar envolvidos na modificação dos polissacarídeos durante a torra. A identificação das modificações estruturais induzidas por tratamento térmico e oxidativo dos compostos modelo foi feita por estratégias analíticas baseadas principalmente em espectrometria de massa, mas também em cromatografia líquida. A cromatografia de gás foi usada na análise de açúcares neutros e ligações glicosídicas. Para validar as conclusões obtidas com os compostos modelo, foram também analisadas amostras de polissacarídeos do café obtidas a partir de resíduo de café e café instantâneo. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos oligossacarídeos modelo quando submetidos a tratamento térmico (seco), assim como à oxidação induzida por HO• (em solução), indicam a ocorrência de despolimerização, o que está de acordo com estudos anteriores que reportam a despolimerização das galactomananas e arabinogalactanas do café durante a torra. Foram ainda identificados outros compostos resultantes da quebra do anel de açúcares formados durante o tratamento térmico e oxidativo da Ara3. Por outro lado, o tratamento térmico a seco dos oligossacarídeos modelo (individualmente ou quando misturados) promoveu a formação de oligossacarídeos com um maior grau de polimerização, e também polissacarídeos com novos tipos de ligações glicosídicas, evidenciando a ocorrência de polimerização através reações de transglicosilação não enzimática induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco. As reações de transglicosilação induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco podem ocorrer entre resíduos de açúcares provenientes da mesma origem, mas também de origens diferentes com formação de estruturas híbridas, contendo arabinose e manose como observado nos casos dos compostos modelo usados. Os resultados obtidos a partir de amostras do resíduo de café e de café instantâneo sugerem a presença de polissacarídeos híbridos nestas amostras de café processado, corroborando a ocorrência de transglicosilação durante o processo de torra. Além disso, o estudo de misturas contendo diferentes proporções de cada oligossacarídeo modelo, mimetizando regiões do grão de café com composição distinta em polissacarídeos, sujeitos a diferentes períodos de tratamento térmico, permitiu inferir que diferentes estruturas híbridas e não híbridas podem ser formadas a partir das arabinogalactanas e galactomananas, dependendo da sua distribuição nas paredes celulares do grão e das condições de torra. Estes resultados podem explicar a heterogeneidade de estruturas de melanoidinas formadas durante a torra do café. Os resultados obtidos a partir de misturas modelo contendo um oligossacarídeo (Ara3 ou Man3) e 5-CQA sujeitas a tratamento térmico a seco, assim como de amostras provenientes do resíduo de café, mostraram a formação de compostos híbridos compostos por moléculas de CQA ligadas covalentemente a um número variável de resíduos de açúcar. Além disso, os resultados obtidos a partir da mistura contendo Man3 e 5-CQA mostraram que o CQA atua como catalisador das reações de transglicosilação. Por outro lado, nas misturas modelo contendo um péptido, mesmo contendo também 5-CQA e sujeitas ao mesmo tratamento, observou-se uma diminuição na extensão das reações transglicosilação. Este resultado pode explicar a baixa extensão das reações de transglicosilação não enzimáticas durante a torra nas regiões do grão de café mais ricas em proteínas, apesar dos polissacarídeos serem os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café. A diminuição das reações de transglicosilação na presença de péptidos/proteínas pode dever-se ao facto de os resíduos de açúcares redutores reagirem preferencialmente com os grupos amina de péptidos/proteínas por reação de Maillard, diminuindo o número de resíduos de açúcares redutores disponíveis para as reações de transglicosilação. Além dos compostos já descritos, uma diversidade de outros compostos foram formados a partir dos sistemas modelo, nomeadamente derivados de desidratação formados durante o tratamento térmico a seco. Em conclusão, a tipificação das modificações estruturais promovidas pela torra nos polissacarídeos do café abre o caminho para a compreensão dos mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas e da relação estrutura-atividade destes compostos.
Polysaccharides are the major components of green and roasted coffee beans, and coffee brew. The most abundant ones are galactomannans, followed by arabinogalactans. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans undergo structural modifications that are far to be completely elucidated due to their diversity and complexity of the compounds formed. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans react with proteins, chlorogenic acids, and sucrose, originating high molecular weight brown compounds containing nitrogen, known as melanoidins. Several biological activities and beneficial health effects have been attributed to coffee melanoidins. However, their exact structures and the mechanisms involved in their formation remain unknown, as well as the structure-biological activity relationship. The use of model systems and mass spectrometry analysis allow to obtain an overall view and, simultaneously, detailed, of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting, contributing to the elucidation of the structures and formation mechanisms of melanoidins. Based on this thesis, oligosaccharides structurally related to the backbone of galactomannans, (β1→4)-D-mannotriose, and the side chains of arabinogalactans, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose, alone or in mixtures with 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the most abundant chlorogenic acid in green coffee beans, and dipeptides composed by tyrosine and leucine, used as models of proteins, were submitted to dry thermal treatments, mimicking the coffee roasting process. The oxidation induced by hydroxyl radicals (HO•) was also studied, since these radicals seem to be involved in the modification of the polysaccharides during roasting. The identification of the structural modifications induced by thermal and oxidative treatment of the model compounds was performed mostly by mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies, but also using liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography was used in the analysis of neutral sugars and glycosidic linkages. To validate the conclusions achieved with the model compounds, coffee polysaccharide samples obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee were also analysed. The results obtained from the model oligosaccharides when submitted to thermal treatment (dry) or oxidation induced by HO• (in solution) indicate the occurrence of depolymerization, which is in line with previous studies reporting the depolymerization of coffee galactomannans and arabinogalactans during roasting. Compounds resulting from sugar ring cleavage were also formed during thermal treatment and oxidative treatment of Ara3. On the other hand, the dry thermal treatment of the model oligosaccharides (alone or when mixed) promoted the formation of oligosaccharides with a higher degree of polymerization, and also polysaccharides with new type of glycosidic linkages, evidencing the occurrence of polymerization via non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment. The transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment can occur between sugar residues from the same origin, but also of different origins, with formation of hybrid structures, containing arabinose and mannose in the case of the model compounds used. The results obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee samples suggest the presence of hybrid polysaccharides in these processed coffee samples, corroborating the occurrence of transglycosylation during the roasting process. Furthermore, the study of mixtures containing different proportions of each model oligosaccharide, mimicking coffee bean regions with distinct polysaccharide composition, subjected to different periods of thermal treatment, allowed to infer that different hybrid and non-hybrid structures may be formed from arabinogalactans and galactomannans, depending on their distribution in the bean cell walls and on roasting conditions. These results may explain the heterogeneity of melanoidins structures formed during coffee roasting. The results obtained from model mixtures containing an oligosaccharide (Ara3 or Man3) and 5-CQA and subjected to dry thermal treatment, as well as samples derived from spent coffee grounds, showed the formation of hybrid compounds composed by CQA molecules covalently linked to a variable number of sugar residues. Moreover, the results obtained from the mixture containing Man3 and 5-CQA showed that CQA acts as catalyst of transglycosylation reactions. On the other hand, in the model mixtures containing a peptide, even if containing 5-CQA and subjected to the same treatment, it was observed a decrease in the extent of transglycosylation reactions. This outcome can explain the low extent of non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions during roasting in coffee bean regions enriched in proteins, although polysaccharides are the major components of the coffee beans. The decrease of transglycosylation reactions in the presence of peptides/proteins can be related with the preferential reactivity of reducing residues with the amino groups of peptides/proteins by Maillard reaction, decreasing the number of reducing residues available to be directly involved in the transglycosylation reactions. In addition to the compounds already described, a diversity of other compounds were formed from model systems, namely dehydrated derivatives formed during dry thermal treatment. In conclusion, the identification of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting pave the way to the understanding of the mechanisms of formation of melanoidins and structure-activity relationship of these compounds.
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tsai, wen-tsung, and 蔡文從. "FRANCHISE CHAIN PATTERN OF INSURANCE BROKERS." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00592134080133443848.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
風險管理與保險所
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Since 1992,the Ministry of finance announced the test of insurance brokerage was beginning, Owing to the market of insurance to be liberalism and internationalization. There were 394 Insurance Brokers Co.,Ltd included 123 Property insurance and 271 Life insurance（Ministry of finance, 2001）,So we know that many peoples like to start an enterprise in Taiwan, but a scale of insurance brokerage was small depend on the rule of government, the insurance brokerage would supply two million to earnest money . However, The initial of development for market and contract with insurance company was not much. So many domestic insurance companies were used to recruiting Career Agents , but not to adopt Brokerage Agents . Until quite recently, The whole of ecological was modified to monetary system, and All trades and professions adopted a law of labor and capital .The standard of law for many insurance companies tried to establish a system of giving full cooperation with production and marketing. Especial, Since 2002,The law of Financial Holding System was practiced the Bankassurance was in vogue and also several insurance companies to operate an passageway of adopting Brokerage Agent. Right now, there are 28 Life Insurance Companies and 394 companies of Brokerage Agents. Most of Life Insurance Companies would sign a contract with companies of Brokerage Agent except a few companies were implemented with『Regular chain』in market. However, In general, The model of operate a Brokerage Agent was『Regular chain』and 『Franchise business』,during economic scope was restrained . We were look for and visited E- INSURANCE BROKERS CO.,LTD and A- INSURANCE BROKER CO.,LTD. They would be compared by company’s background、operate-ideal、administration、capital- control、common consensus of organization、market-distinction in order to discuss how to run an alliance and franchise chain within Brokerage Agents.
Books on the topic "Broken Chains"
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Egbuchulam, James. The chains are broken. Enugu, Nigeria: Juno-tel, 2006.
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Egbuchulam, James. The chains are broken. Enugu, Nigeria: Juno-tel, 2006.
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Egbuchulam, James. The chains are broken. Enugu, Nigeria: Juno-tel, 2006.
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Odorige, Frederick Omoyoma. Omoyele Sowore: Beyond the broken chains. [Budapest, Hungary?]: Nelson M46664 Human Rights Association, 2021.
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Thomas, Margaret P. Chains that bind can be broken. Belleville, Ont: Guardian Books, 2000.
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Eames, Robert. Chains to be broken: A personal reflection on Northern Ireland and its people. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1992.
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Eames, Robin. Chains to be broken: A personal reflection on Northern Ireland and its people. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1993.
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Eames, Robin. Chains to be broken: A personal reflection on Northern Ireland and its people. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1992.
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Bolland, Simpson. The art of casting in iron: How to make appliances, chains, and statues and repair broken castings the old-fashioned way. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub., 2011.
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Piepke, Susan L. Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884): The works and life of a German-American activist (including English translations of Woman in conflict with society and Broken chains). New York: Peter Lang, 2006.
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Caron, Patrick, Ellie Daguet, and Sandrine Dury. "The Global Food System is Not Broken but Its Resilience is Threatened." In Resilience and Food Security in a Food Systems Context, 53–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23535-1_3.
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AbstractThe global food system is not broken. Apart from specific contexts, access to food has never been so easy as it is today. The global food system has been resilient and able to adapt during the twentieth century to many shocks and stressors such as an unprecedented population growth. The huge increase in production has exceeded the demographic growth. Together with the expansion of trade, they have been key in ensuring food system resilience of most countries, including those with limited resources. Yet, a profound transformation is needed for the following reasons: (i) food is today the major problem in public health, (ii) the economics of food chains fuel inequalities, and (iii) food systems are responsible for major environmental and climatic damage. Numerous calls for engaging in such a transformation highlight the need for a paradigm shift. However, despite such shared observations and alerts, no “great transformation” is taking place, for different reasons, including conflicts of interest. Resilience of food systems in the twenty-first century can thus be considered a property that is constrained by past transformation. Resilience depends on the ability to change the very drivers that made food systems resilient in the twentieth century.
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Banda, Geoffrey, Cecilia Wanjala, Veronica Manduku, Julius Mugwagwa, and Dinar Kale. "Broken Supply Chains and Local Manufacturing Innovation: Responses to Covid-19 and Their Implications for Policy." In Cancer Care in Pandemic Times: Building Inclusive Local Health Security in Africa and India, 25–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44123-3_2.
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AbstractThe immense scale of the pandemic healthcare supply crisis across Sub-Saharan Africa showed that a stronger industrial base allowed India, and some African countries, to better tackle crucial supply gaps. Governments have been forced by Covid-19 into developing new “socio-technical imaginaries”: shared visions of what is possible and important for local health security. The pandemic confirmed widespread pre-pandemic African predictions that in a major crisis, African countries would find themselves at the back of the queue; that truth is driving a new recognition of industrialisation’s role in building local health security, including the huge challenge of cancer care in Africa.
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Ba, Shusong, and Xianling Yang. "Professional Brokers." In The Rise of New Brokerages and the Restructuring of Real Estate Value Chain, 149–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7715-9_7.
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Chung, Christopher A., and Erick C. Jones. "Using Six Sigma to Evaluate Automatic Identification Technologies to Optimize Broken-Case Warehousing Operations." In Supply Chain Engineering and Logistics Handbook, 687–94. Boca Raton : CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159096-21.
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Akpo, Essegbemon, Chris O. Ojiewo, Issoufou Kapran, Lucky O. Omoigui, Agathe Diama, and Rajeev K. Varshney. "Innovation Platform for Catalyzing Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties to Smallholder Farmers." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 199–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_14.
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AbstractInnovation platform resolves systemic problems and unlock opportunities for farmers and other stakeholders along commodity value chains. It brokers change in a wide variety of areas involving technological barriers for increased on-farm genetic gains, financial services and privileges for smooth running of seed business and other farming activities, social change and gender equality in society, new commodity market opportunities, increased interactions between stakeholders, e-services for increased crop productivity and production, sustainability of seed production and delivery systems through a variety of stakeholders for various seed classes.
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Romero, David, Sergio Cavalieri, and Barbara Resta. "Green Virtual Enterprise Broker: Enabling Build-to-Order Supply Chains for Sustainable Customer-Driven Small Series Production." In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 431–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44736-9_53.
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"Broken Chains." In Outside the Box, 208–17. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz938q8.22.
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"19 Broken Chains." In Outside the Box, 208–17. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691205830-020.
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Katznelson, Ira. "Broken Chains of Memory." In Anxieties of Democracy, 151–83. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077473.003.0006.
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"‘The Chains Must Be Broken’." In Imperialism, Evangelism and the Ottoman Armenians, 1878-1896, 64–78. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315035710-15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Broken Chains"
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Tao, R. "Static and Dynamic Structures of Polarizable Fluids." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0482.
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Abstract In a strong electric field, polarizable fluids have a structural transition at a critical shear stress. When there is no flow, polarizable fluids form a body-centered tetragonal lattice which consists of closely packed chains. When the shear stress is increased from zero up to a critical value, the flow (in x-direction) has a flowing-chain (FC) structure, consisting of tilted or broken chains along the field (z-direction). At the critical shear stress, the FC structure gives way to a flowing-hexagonal-layered (FHL) structure, consisting of several two-dimensional layers which are parallel to the x-z plane. Within one layer, particles form strings in the flow direction. The effective viscosity drops dramatically at the structural change. As the shear stress reduces, the FHL structure persists even under a stress-free state if the thermal fluctuation is very weak.
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Husty, Manfred L., Martin Pfurner, and Hans-Peter Schro¨cker. "A New and Efficient Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of a General Serial 6R." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84745.
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In this paper a new and very efficient algorithm to compute the inverse kinematics of a general 6R serial kinematic chain is presented. The main idea is to make use of classical multidimensional geometry to structure the problem and to use the geometric information before starting the elimination process. For the geometric preprocessing we use the Study model of Euclidean displacements, sometimes called kinematic image, which identifies a displacement with a point on a six dimensional quadric S62 in seven dimensional projective space P7. The 6R chain is broken up in the middle to form two open 3R chains. The kinematic image of a 3R chain turns out to be a Segre-manifold consisting of a one parameter set of 3-spaces. The intersection of two Segre-manifolds and S62 yields 16 points which are the kinematic images representing the 16 solutions of the inverse kinematics. Algebraically this procedure means that we have to solve a system of seven linear equations and one resultant to arrive at the univariate 16 degree polynomial. From this step in the algorithm we get two out of the six joint angles and the remaining 4 angles are obtained straight forward by solving the inverse kinematics of two 2R chains.
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Goh, S. H., B. L. Yeoh, G. F. You, W. H. Hung, Jeffrey Lam, E. Ruttkowski, R. Kamaludeen, and Henry Zhang. "Advanced CMOS Device Fault Isolation Using Frequency Mapping on Passive Structures." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0420.
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Abstract Backside frequency mapping on modulating active in transistors is well established for defect localization on broken scan chains. Recent experiments have proven the existence of frequency signals from passive structures modulations. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique on a 65 nm technology node device failure. A resistive leaky path leading to a functional failure which, otherwise cannot be isolated using dynamic emission microscopy, is localized in this work to guide follow on failure analysis.
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Ravikumar, V. K., G. Ranganathan, S. L. Phoa, K. L. Pey, C. Nemirow, and N. Leslie. "Laser Voltage Tracing for Electrical Fault Isolation of Circuits Propagating Aperiodic Signals." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0221.
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Abstract Laser voltage imaging (LVI) and its derivatives are established techniques for isolating broken scan/JTAG chains which work on periodic signals, but are ineffective when debugging aperiodic signals. Laser voltage probing (LVP) works on one transistor at a time which makes it slow for certain debug. Laser voltage tracing (LVT), presented recently, has opportunity to perform an area investigation of aperiodic signals. This paper presents a few applications of this technique to fault isolation (FI).
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Gong, Jin, M. Hasnat Kabir, and Hidemitsu Furukawa. "Thermal-Mechanical ICN-SMG Gels for Smart Devices." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7667.
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Transparent shape memory gels (SMGs) were developed in our group recently. They are smart materials having the ability to return from a deformed state (temporary shape) to their original (permanent) shapes upon application of a temperature change, which is named the shape memory. One of medical applications of SMGs is tried to use as a smart bandage material. The shape memory property of SMGs is good for fixing, removing and repeating, while their poor ductility is not good for wrapping. In order to improve the ductility of SMGs, a new network structure named as the inter-crosslinking network (ICN), which is composed of both flexible and easily broken chains and rod-like and durable chains, is introduced into the SMGs. Seven SMGs having ICN structure (ICN-SMGs) were synthesized by changing the ratio of monomers and the amount of crosslinker. The dependence of the mechanical properties on synthesis conditions and temperature changing of samples were investigated. The thermal-mechanical ICN-SMG showing the highest mechanical properties with the maximum stress of 4.6 MPa and the maximum strain of 7.4 (elongation 740%) was prepared. The Young’s modula of ICN-SMGs change quickly and reversibly between high temperature and low temperature from 0°C to 80°C. The water content was also discussed. The prepared ICN-SMGs in this paper have the water content in the range of 45∼72wt%. A trial medical bandage for treatment of broken finger was also made by the ICN-SMGs. It works well just by changing the temperature to wrap it around the finger and remove it after healing. The thermal-mechanical ICN-SMGs are supposed to be a very promising medical material for the future.
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Morgan, Tyler J., and Arun Majumdar. "Mechanism of Thermally-Induced Optical Transition in Polypentapeptide (PPP) Elastin." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0953.
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Abstract Polypentapeptide (PPP) elastin undergoes a reversible transparent-opaque optical transition in the visible spectrum when the temperature is changed across a transition temperature, Tt. To discover the mechanism of this transition, transmissivity and reflectivity measurements of a PPP membrane were made in the wavelength region of 500–1050 nm. Analysis of the measured data using a two-flux radiative transfer model showed that above the transition temperature the scattering albedo varied with wavelength as that of a Rayleigh scattering particle. It is proposed that the optical transition occurs due to scattering by three-dimensionally folded chains of PPP which are formed above the transition temperature when water pentamers are broken and intramolecular hydrophobic interactions are induced.
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Caranobe, C., G. Houin, C. Picard, J. M. Pereillo, and B. Boneu. "THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF 125I PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE IN THE RABBIT : EVIDENCE FOR A SATURABLE MECHANISM OF CLEARANCE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643248.
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Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is an antithrombotic sulfated polysaccharide with a MW distribution comparable to commercial low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Unlike LMWH, but as standard heparin, the half life of the drug after bolus injection is dose-dependent. We demonstrate that PPS disappearance results from a saturable mechanism of clearance. Tyrosine was incorporated onto the xylose chains of the molecule and iodinated with the chloramine T method. The labelled derivative had the same MW distribution than the parent compound.and unchanged biological activities. Five ucies of I-PPS were injected with increasing doses (6-12000 ug/kg) of unlabelled PPS to groups of 2-3 animals each. The CPM curves were broken into 3 exponentials (alpha, beta, gamma) ; the beta exponential was close from the curve of.biological activity disappearance, assessed by IIa- 125I-HC II complexes quantitation. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using conventional methods. The distribution volume (246 ± 81 ml) was independent of the dose delivered whIIe there were significant correlations between the dose, the clearance (r=0.91) and the half life (r = 0.81). Thus in spite of its LMWH, PPS pharmacokinetics mimics that of SH ; this may be the consequence of the over sulfation of the molecule, and of its strong affinity to endothelial cells.
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Mukhamedjanova, Aleese, Trinity Lundemo, and Sally Shady. "A Sustainable Approach to Designing a Bird Wing Prosthesis." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95725.
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Abstract Raptors are some of the most threatened birds around the globe, with 18% of raptor species being in danger of extinction and 52% with declining populations. Many birds that are brought into rescue centers with a complicated wing injury must be euthanized. In very rare cases, such birds may alternatively have their wing amputated, often leaving them grounded and unbalanced. Many raptors are endangered, and as predators at the top of their food chains, the loss of these birds from the ecosystem leads to severe environmental upheavals that can affect the daily lives of people. Thus, euthanasia and rehabilitation are not sustainable solutions with regards to raptors with broken wings. Alternatively, this study proposes a transhumeral prosthetic wing that can allow amputee raptors to potentially fly again. A series of biomechanical analyses were performed along with a material analysis to create a three-dimensional model of a prosthetic wing. An analysis of forces and flapping gait during flight was conducted, which, to our knowledge, has not previously been done. Environmentally friendly polymers that consist of PLA and beta-keratin were assessed to determine feasibility in a wing prosthesis. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed and revealed that the sustainable PLA and beta-keratin material has sufficient mechanical properties to withstand the kinetics of extended flight, improving the model’s structural integrity.
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Jabur JINAM, Eman. "The Role of Cohesion in Text Organization." In VII. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress7-4.
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Cohesion is the relations of meaning, the connections or the ties which exist within a text and provide the semantic unity required in the structure of that text. The semantic unity is expressed, partly through the grammatical resources and partly through the vocabulary. There are two kinds of cohesive ties: grammatical such as reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunctions, and lexical, including reiteration and collocation. This paper aims at giving learners and researchers beneficial analysis about cohesion in English and its fundamental importance in organizing any text. The paper is composed of three sections. The first section is a theoretical review that analyses the concept of cohesion in English language, giving its general meaning and shedding light on its different aspects. The second section is concerned with cohesion in academic writing and how it is used in organizing academic texts. The last section deals with cohesion and connectivity. The paper ends up with some concluding remarks such as the following: 1. It outlines that cohesion is a vivid factor in text creation without which a passage will be in name but not in content. In other words, without appropriate cohesive links, ties and chains, a text cannot have the bond in bringing together central sentences, omitting marginal ones, and the capacity of producing a meaningful text. 2. It presents that cohesion is a common and required phenomenon in any of the world’s languages because communication is broken down and blocked when cohesion is lost in languages.
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Tian, Shuang, Lin Wu, and Kulwant S. Pawar. "The Role of Digital Platform in Waste Recovery in the Food Supply Chain." In XV. International Conference on Logistics in Agriculture 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-538-2.6.
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Food waste is generally seen as highly unethical. Recycling food waste requires establishing information-sharing channels in the food supply chain. However, the lack of relationship between suppliers and potential demanders hinders the delivery of waste products, conceptualized as "structural holes" in social network research. The food recovery digital platform in the food supply chain acts as a market intermediary to bridge the communication at the two ends of the structural holes, fulfilling the function of "brokers", which has been proven in the transaction cost theory to reduce the transaction costs and improve the performance of the supply chain. However, related research on digital platforms and supply chains ignores this new type of brokerage. This research combines network research, transaction cost research, and supply chain research and explores the role of food recovery platforms in food waste problems in the food supply chain.
Reports on the topic "Broken Chains"
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Kinnan, Cynthia, Krislert Samphantharak, Robert Townsend, and Diego A. Vera-Cossio. Propagation and Insurance in Village Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004385.
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In village economies, small firm owners facing idiosyncratic shocks adjust production by cutting spending and reducing employment. Households with whom they trade inputs and labor scale back their own businesses and reduce consumption. As effects reverberate through local economies, the aggregate indirect adverse effects are larger than the direct effects. Propagation is more severe when transmitted through labor networks as opposed to material supply-chain networks, and goes beyond input-output/sectoral considerations as it varies with network position, closeness to a shocked household, and network density. Participation in gift-giving insurance networks mitigates direct and hence indirect effects. Supply chain and labor networks are fragile as the broken links are not easily replaced, leading to persistent damage. Social gains from better-targeted safety nets are substantially higher than private gains.
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Rincón Acevedo, Claudia Yaneth, Ricardo Andrés Caicedo, Fernando Torres Torres, Malenna Camacho, Claudia Muñoz Herrera, Liliana Patricia Zuleta Dueñas, and Mauricio Bonilla Contreras. Brote de Chagas de posible transmisión oral y exposición ocupacional, Maní — Casanare, 2019. Instituto Nacional de Salud, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2020v2n2a3.
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Introducción: el departamento de Casanare es endémico para la enfermedad de Chagas donde predominan los casos crónicos y en los últimos años se han aumentado los casos agudos por presunta transmisión oral. En marzo de 2019 se configuró el primer brote en el municipio de Maní. Objetivo: describir el brote y determinar la posible vía de transmisión para establecer estrategias de prevención y control. Materiales y métodos: investigación de brote mediante: búsqueda institucional, comunitaria, pruebas de laboratorio, evaluación entomológica y sanitaria. Se diseñó encuesta en aplicativo Epicollet 5, se analizó utilizando Epi-Info 7.2.2™. Resultados: se identificaron 22 casos de chagas agudo (18 confirmados por laboratorio, 4 por nexo), tasa de ataque: 55 % (22/40). El 100 % recibió tratamiento. El 95,5 % de los casos se presentó en hombres, los principales síntomas fueron fiebre 100 %, disnea 72,7 %, dolor torácico 31,8 %. El 72,7 % de casos requirió hospitalización y un caso necesitó manejo en hospital de tercer nivel por miocardiopatía aguda. El 81,8 % (18/22) pertenecía al régimen contributivo; 40,9 % (9/22) estaba vinculado directamente y 50,1 % por tercerización de servicios. El 59,1 % (13/22) de los casos había terminado su vinculación laboral antes de que se identificara el brote. Tiempo promedio de incubación 17 días (rango 3-21 días). Se encontró Rhodnius prolixus, Eratyrus mucronatus y Panstrongylus geniculatus en el intra y peridomicilio con infección natural del 75 %. Se confirmó el brote de transmisión oral y exposición ocupacional con letalidad cero.
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Stankovic, Mirjana, and Agustín Ignacio Filippo. Global Value Chain Data for Mexico in the Automotive and Electronics Sectors. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003664.
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This report uses the Global Value Chain (GVC) data framework to provide scoping review and analysis of Mexico's current position and potential for using and harvesting GVC data in the automotive and electronics sectors. By conducting the study on GVCs data, we hope to broaden the understanding of the importance of data transfers for GVCs, production, and trade, underlining that data are critical to all companies and not only to the so-called "high-tech companies." Data protection, sharing, and security are also central to manufacturers in the automotive and electronics sectors. This report will review how datafication, data protection, sharing, and security impact Mexico's automotive and electronics industry. This information is analyzed from a global perspective and the viewpoint of Mexico to provide a holistic picture of the situation when identifying trajectories for entry, growth, and upgrading along GVCs that rely on datafication and digital transformation. It will also offer recommendations for regulators and policymakers on how to facilitate successful GVCs' data functioning and guidance for businesses on how to harvest data for growth and digital transformation.
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Rincón Acevedo, Claudia Yaneth, Ricardo Andrés Caicedo, Susanne Carolina Ardila Roldán, Margy Lorena Segura, Carmen Enith Pedroza, Primi Cecilia Copete Rengifo, and Jhon Jairo González Duque. Nuevo foco de enfermedad de Chagas agudo en departamento no endémico: Chocó - Colombia, 2018. Instituto Nacional de Salud, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2019v1n2a4.
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Antecedentes: Chocó, departamento no endémico para la enfermedad de Chagas, notificó el primer caso en fase aguda procedente de Rio Iró. En esta región históricamente endémica para malaria, la identificación del primer caso de enfermedad de Chagas implicó todo un reto para la vigilancia en salud pública. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el brote de enfermedad de Chagas, identificar la vía de transmisión y recomendar acciones de prevención y control. Materiales y métodos: Investigación de brote mediante: búsqueda de personas sintomáticas, toma de muestras serológicas; aplicación de encuesta entomológica, inspección sanitaria. Análisis de datos mediante estadística descriptiva con el programa Epi-Info 7.2.2™. Resultados: El caso agudo correspondió a una menor de 12 años con cuadro clínico de 8 días de evolución consistente en fiebre, astenia, adinamia, malestar general, vómito y escalofrío y diagnosticada a través de gota gruesa positiva para Trypanosoma sp. Con la investigación se identificó el primer caso crónico en un menor de 10 años contacto cercano del caso índice. Se tomaron 24 muestras con resultado negativo para T. cruzi. Los pacientes recibieron tratamiento etiológico con condición final vivo. No se encontró infestación intra domiciliar de triatominos; por búsqueda comunitaria se identificó Pastrongylus geniculatus en el peridomicilio de las viviendas de los niños afectados. Condiciones sanitarias deficientes, viviendas con paredes de madera, piso de tierra, almacenamiento de leña en intradomicilio y antecedentes de avistamiento y consumo ocasional de zarigüeyas. Conclusiones: Se identificaron los dos primeros casos de enfermedad de Chagas en el municipio de Rio Iró, un caso agudo y uno crónico en niños de 12 y 10 años respectivamente. Se interroga transmisión vectorial u oral. Con estos casos se configura un foco de enfermedad de Chagas en esta comunidad y abre la puerta a futuras intervenciones e investigaciones en el tema.
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Carlson, Lisa. High School Seniors’ Attitudes Toward Cohabitation as a Testing Ground for Marriage, 2020. National Center for Family and Marriage Research, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-22-03.
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The divorce rate in the U.S. has declined in recent decades. In 1990, 19 people per 1,000 currently married individuals divorced compared to 15 per 1,000 in 2019. The overall trend in the divorce rate masks substantial variation by age. The divorce rate for younger people has been on the decline since the 1990s (Kennedy and Ruggles, 2014) whereas the divorce rate among those 50 and older has more than doubled since 1990 (Brown and Lin, 2012). This family profile updates FP-19-13 and charts the divorce rates by age groups in 1990 and 2019 using U.S Census data and the 2019 American Community Survey.
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Carlson, Lisa. High School Seniors’ Expectations to Marry, 2020. National Center for Family and Marriage Research, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-22-04.
Full textAbstract:
The divorce rate in the U.S. has declined in recent decades. In 1990, 19 people per 1,000 currently married individuals divorced compared to 15 per 1,000 in 2019. The overall trend in the divorce rate masks substantial variation by age. The divorce rate for younger people has been on the decline since the 1990s (Kennedy and Ruggles, 2014) whereas the divorce rate among those 50 and older has more than doubled since 1990 (Brown and Lin, 2012). This family profile updates FP-19-13 and charts the divorce rates by age groups in 1990 and 2019 using U.S Census data and the 2019 American Community Survey.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, Diana Cox-Foster, Victoria Soroker, and Ron Ophir. Honeybee modulation of infection with the Israeli acute paralysis virus, in asymptomatic, acutely infected and CCD colonies. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594392.bard.
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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses pose a severe risk to the food chain. The IAPV (Israeli acute paralysis virus) was correlated with CCD, a particular case of colony collapse. Honey bees severely infected with IAPV show shivering wings that progress to paralysis and subsequent death. Bee viruses, including IAPV, are widely present in honey bee colonies but often there are no pathological symptoms. Infestation of the beehive with Varroa mites or exposure to stress factors leads to significant increase in viral titers and fatal infections. We hypothesized that the honey bee is regulating/controlling IAPV and viral infections in asymptomatic infections and this control is broken through "stress" leading to acute infections and/or CCD. Our aims were: 1. To discover genetic changes in IAPV that may affect tissue tropism in the host, and/or virus infectivity and pathogenicity. 2. To elucidate mechanisms used by the host to regulate/ manage the IAPV-infection in vivo and in vitro. To achieve the above objectives we first studied stress-induced virus activation. Our data indicated that some pesticides, including myclobutanil, chlorothalonil and fluvalinate, result in amplified viral titers when bees are exposed at sub lethal levels by a single feeding. Analysis of the level of immune-related bee genes indicated that CCD-colonies exhibit altered and weaker immune responses than healthy colonies. Given the important role of viral RNA interference (RNAi) in combating viral infections we investigated if CCD-colonies were able to elicit this particular antiviral response. Deep-sequencing analysis of samples from CCD-colonies from US and Israel revealed high frequency of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) perfectly matching IAPV, Kashmir bee virus and Deformed wing virus genomes. Israeli colonies showed high titers of IAPV and a conserved RNAi pattern of targeting the viral genome .Our findings were further supported by analysis of samples from colonies experimentally infected with IAPV. Following for the first time the dynamics of IAPV infection in a group of CCD colonies that we rescued from collapse, we found that IAPV conserves its potential to act as one lethal, infectious factor and that its continuous replication in CCD colonies deeply affects their health and survival. Ours is the first report on the dominant role of IAPV in CCD-colonies outside from the US under natural conditions. We concluded that CCD-colonies do exhibit a regular siRNA response that is specific against predominant viruses associated with colony losses and other immune pathways may account for their weak immune response towards virus infection. Our findings: 1. Reveal that preventive measures should be taken by the beekeepers to avoid insecticide-based stress induction of viral infections as well as to manage CCD colonies as a source of highly infectious viruses such as IAPV. 2. Contribute to identify honey bee mechanisms involved in managing viral infections.
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Bécu, V., A.-A. Sappin, and S. Larmagnat. User-friendly toolkits for geoscientists: how to bring geology experts to the public. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331220.
Full textAbstract:
A growing number of countries are committed toreduce their carbon emissions and are transitioning towards renewable and clean energy sources, leading to an in crease in demand formetals and minerals. This is especially the case for a short list of what are called "critical minerals" which are considered essential to economic development, including the transition to a low-carbon economy and national security. There liability of their supply chain raises concerns considering geological scarcity, difficulty to extract and/or political factors influencing their availability. At the same time, public awareness and perception of geoscience are eroding and there is more and more reluctance towards mining projects, even from traditionally favourable communities. To face this challenge, promote public interest and outline the contribution of geological science to society, geoscientists of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC-Québec) have designed and put together a portable display that includes a suite of mineral and metal samples considered critical for the sustainable success of Canada's transition towards a clean and digital economy. The display is a user-friendly toolkit that can be used by any GSC geoscientists during outreach activities, in classrooms as well as during public open houses. It comes with straightforward pedagogic material and content, along with presentation scenarios. To broaden and adapt the workshops to specific expectations, additional toolkits were developed and all are contained within easy to carry travel cases. These cover a variety of topics and can be presented as stand-alone displays or be used complementary to one another. For example, the "Mines and minerals" collection may serve as a supplement to the "Critical minerals" display to present every day objects in which minerals are used as well as ores amples from active mines to illustrate the intertwining between mining activities and our everyday lives. Another display covers the ever-popular fossils thematic with the "Sedimentary rocks and fossils" collection and gives an opportunity to address key geoscience themes such as life evolution and biological crisis along with groundwater reservoirs and resources. The "Magmatic rocks" display touches on the formation of rocks from magmas, the different types and active processes of volcanoes, and discusses the risks and benefits related to volcanic activity. Hopefully, these four ready-to-use portable displays will encourage more GSC geoscientists to engage in public oriented activities to make geosciences more accessible, change perceptions and offer an overall tangible scientific experience for people.
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Truck driver killed when front-end loader secured by chains on a lowboy trailer broke free and rolled onto cab. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface02mi040.
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