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1
Mukherjee, Subhendu, Istvan Lekli, Diptarka Ray, Hiranmoy Gangopadhyay, Utpal Raychaudhuri, and Dipak K. Das. "Comparison of the protective effects of steamed and cooked broccolis on ischaemia–reperfusion-induced cardiac injury." British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 6 (October 27, 2009): 815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509992492.
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Recently, broccoli, a vegetable of the Brassica family, has been found to protect the myocardium from ischaemic reperfusion injury through the redox signalling of sulphoraphane, which is being formed from glucosinolate present in this vegetable. Since cooked broccoli loses most of its glucosinolate, we assumed that fresh broccoli could be a superior cardioprotective agent compared to cooked broccoli. To test this, two groups of rats were fed with fresh (steamed) broccoli or cooked broccoli for 30 d, while a third group was given vehicle only for the same period of time. After 30 d, all the rats were sacrificed, and the isolated working hearts were subjected to 30 min ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Both cooked and steamed broccolis displayed significantly improved post-ischaemic ventricular function and reduced myocardial infarction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to control, but steamed broccoli showed superior cardioprotective abilities compared with the cooked broccoli. Corroborating with these results, both cooked and steamed broccolis demonstrated significantly enhanced induction of the survival signalling proteins including Bcl2, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, haemoxygenase-1, NFE2 related factor 2, superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and SOD2 and down-regulation of the proteins (e.g. Bax, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) of the death signalling pathway, steamed broccoli displaying superior results over its cooked counterpart. The expressions of proteins of the thioredoxin (Trx) superfamily including Trx1 and its precursor sulphoraphane, Trx2 and Trx reductase, were enhanced only in the steamed broccoli group. The results of the present study documented superior cardioprotective properties of the steamed broccoli over cooked broccoli because of the ability of fresh broccoli to perform redox signalling of Trx.
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Vischi, M., M. Fiori, E. De Paoli, S. Padovan, M. Guarda, and A. Olivieri. "Broccoli ‘Fiolaro’ (Brassica oleracea) an endangered typical Italian cultivar. A genetic analysis by SSR markers." Plant Genetic Resources 6, no. 3 (May 16, 2008): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262108994193.
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‘Broccolo fiolaro’ (Brassica oleracea L. convar. Italica) is a typical vegetable produced in a restricted hill country area around Creazzo (Vicenza) in north-eastern Italy. The cultivation of this vegetable dates back several centuries ago, but a very few farms are still involved in the production. ‘Broccolo fiolaro’ is a variety of broccoli highly valued for its agronomic and organoleptic features.Four ‘Broccolo fiolaro’ selections were characterized by simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and compared with other five cultivated varieties of broccoli of the Italica group in order to reconstruct their genetic structure and evaluate the degree of similarity among and within populations. The analysis of 12 SSR polymorphic loci pointed out a low genetic variability among the four ‘Broccolo fiolaro’ selections. Moreover, the whole ‘Fiolaro’ group showed significant differentiation from the other broccoli cultivars and could be easily distinguished by cluster analysis. An assignment test on ~30 genotyped plants randomly chosen from each broccoli population correctly recognized the proper accession 88% of the time, proving this method to be useful for cultivar identification.
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Cintas, N. A., S. T. Koike, and C. T. Bull. "A New Pathovar, Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis pv. nov., Proposed for the Causal Agent of Bacterial Blight of Broccoli and Broccoli Raab." Plant Disease 86, no. 9 (September 2002): 992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.992.
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The etiology of three foliar bacterial diseases of crucifers and the relationships between their causal agents were evaluated. Data from LOPAT, carbon utilization tests, and fatty acid analysis indicated that bacterial blights of broccoli and broccoli raab, and leaf spot of broccolini, were caused by strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Data from phage sensitivity, ice nucleation, single carbon source utilization, Polymerase chain reaction using BOXA1R primer (BOX-PCR), and host range analyses were identical for the pathogen causing leaf spot of broccolini and P. syringae pv. maculicola. The broccoli raab and broccoli pathogens infected broccoli raab, all crucifers tested, tomato, and three monocots (California brome, oat, and common timothy). None of the other pathogens tested (P. syringae pv. maculicola, P. syringae pv. tomato, or P. syringae pv. coronafaciens) caused disease on broccoli raab or on both crucifers and monocots. Data from phage sensitivity, ice nucleation, single carbon source utilization, BOX-PCR, and host range analyses were identical for the pathogens from broccoli raab and broccoli, but were different from other pathovars tested, and supported the hypothesis that a new pathovar of P. syringae pv. alisalensis pv. nov. caused a leaf blight on broccoli and broccoli raab.
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Di Bella, Maria Concetta, Agnieszka Niklas, Stefania Toscano, Valentina Picchi, Daniela Romano, Roberto Lo Scalzo, and Ferdinando Branca. "Morphometric Characteristics, Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid Variation in Brassica oleracea L. Novel Foods: Sprouts, Microgreens and Baby Leaves." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060782.
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In the present study, we investigated the content and profile of polyphenols (PPH), ascorbic acid (AA), the Folin–Ciocalteu index (FCI), and antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxyl radical (ROO)) variation during three different plant growth stages (sprouts, microgreens and baby leaves) of two broccoli types, the traditional Sicilian sprouting broccoli landrace (‘Broccolo Nero’) and the broccoli standard (‘Cavolo broccolo Ramoso Calabrese’), and the standard commercial cultivar of kale (‘Cavolo Lacinato Nero di Toscana’). All biomasses collected were freeze-dried for PPH, AA, FCI, DPPH and ROO analysis. The highest polyphenol content was observed for ‘Broccolo Nero’ (BN) and ‘Cavolo Broccolo Ramoso Calabrese’ (CR), and generally sprouts showed significantly higher values compared to the microgreens and the baby leaves. The AA, FCI, DDPH and ROO significantly vary with regards to the cultivar and the plant growth stage, showing interaction between the two experimental factors analyzed. The interaction detected showed higher values for the antioxidant traits of the proposed novel food, especially for the two broccoli cultivars in the sprout growth stage in comparison to the microgreens and baby leaves. Our results suggest that the antioxidant activity is partially dependent on kaempferol and apigenin. The PPH compounds showed the highest values of kaempferol and apigenin for ‘Broccolo nero’, whereas for the other two cultivars studied, only kaempferol was the main compound represented. The data acquired are of interest for increasing the healthy traits of the novel food proposed showing the contribution offered by the neglected LRs until now underutilized and at risk of extinction. The germplasm conserved in several world genebanks could support and diversify the organic vegetable items, providing us with added-value products for organic food supply chains.
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GHASEMI, Yousef, Kamran GHASEMI, Hemattollah PIRDASHTI, and Roqieh ASGHARZADEH. "Effect of Selenium Enrichment on the Growth, Photosynthesis and Mineral Nutrition of Broccoli." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 8, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb829804.
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Broccoli is placed in primary selenium (Se) accumulator group plants, which is considered as an important source of Se for providing human daily need. This experiment used an outdoor hydroponic system to evaluate the effects of Se foliar application at the rates of 0, 10, 50, and 100 μg Se/ml concentrations fortnightly. Among yield parameters, the head weight of broccoli was significantly affected. Se treated broccoli plants produced heavier head than the control; however, head weight among three Se concentrations (Se10, Se50, Se100) was not significantly different. Although most of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not significant, Se treated broccolis maximal fluorescence yield (Fm) was higher than the control. Significant increase in chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll) was observed as a result of Se treatments. Different Se concentrations did not have positive or negative effects on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake. Se treatment at 100 μg Se/ml concentration however, contributed to the highest content of sulfur in broccoli head. Se content of broccoli head increased with the increase in sprayed Se concentrations. The highest concentration of Se (1.41 mg Se/kg dry matter) in broccoli head was recorded in Se100, which showed significant difference compared with Se0 and Se10.
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Mukti, Gema Wibawa, Rani Andriani Budi Kusumo, and Pandi Pardian. "ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN PETANI BROKOLI SKALA KECIL DALAM MENGHADAPI PERMINTAAN PASAR TEKSTUR (STUDI KASUS DI GAPOKTAN LEMBANG AGRI KECAMATAN LEMBANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT)." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 5, no. 1 (October 7, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v5i1.33.
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Broccoli is one of the prospective horticultural products to be developed, beside it has a good nutrition for health, broccoli also hasan interesting physical form. Broccoli is generally preferred by consumers of modern market, sold as fresh with adjust table size with consumer demand. On the other hand, broccoli has aperishable nature, with an unique morphological characteristics. Modern market demand requires a certainspec for broccoli, it cause farmers had tochange the way they do in their business, so that their products are well received by the modern market. There fore, this study aims to determine the entrepreneurial orientation offarmersso it canmeet the demand ofbroccolito themodernmarket. Broccoli’s Farmer has a high entrepreneurial spirit, as seen from the orientation of farmers in view the future. Farmers see the modern market as an alternative market with a huge potential market in the future, so that the farmers do a variety of creative effort to make their business performance more efficiently so it can serve the modern market better. The method usedinthisstudyis thecase studies method, theanalysis techniqueused isdescriptive qualitativeanalysis. Research shows that broccoli farmers as an entrepreneur has an unique characteristics and valuesin running their business. Broccoli farmes entrepreneurial orientation in Kecamatan Lembang emphasizes the creation of business innovation, always doing to do the improvement process of their supply chain product, namely with implementing strategies for business collaboration with other actors in the broccoli supply chain. They also always proactivein receivinga request from the modern market as an alternative market for their business, so their businesses can be more competitive and be able to runcontinuously.
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Buckley, Blair, and Katharine C. Pee. "COTTON GIN TRASH COMPOST AS A CONSTITUENT OF VEGETABLE TRANSPLANT MEDIA." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 739c—739. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.739c.
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Media contaming cotton gin trash compost, pear. and perlite were evaluated for production of bell pepper, broccoli, and cabbage transplants. Media treatments were 0:5:5; 1:4:5; 2:4:5; 3:2:5; 4:1:5; and 5:0:5 compost, peat, perlite, respectively (v/v). Separate tests were conducted for each crop. `Jupiter' pepper, `Packman' broccoli, and `Grand Slam' cabbage were seeded in 96-cell plastic trays (cell volume =39cm3). Plant height, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weight were recorded five weeks after seeding bell pepper and broccoil, and six weeks after seeding cabbage. Pepper, broccoli, and cabbage transplants grown in media containing cotton gin trash compost had greater plant height, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weight than transplants grown in the medium without compost as a component. The growth response to percent of compost was primarily linear.
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Cano, Antonio, Manuela Giraldo-Acosta, Sara García-Sánchez, Josefa Hernández-Ruiz, and Marino B. Arnao. "Effect of Melatonin in Broccoli Postharvest and Possible Melatonin Ingestion Level." Plants 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11152000.
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The post-harvest stage of broccoli production requires cold storage to obtain enough days of shelf life. It has been proved that melatonin is useful as a post-harvest agent in fruits and vegetables, including broccoli. In this study, the broccoli heads treated with melatonin have a longer shelf life than the control samples, which was reflected in parameters such as fresh weight, hue angle (expresses color quality), and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Treatments with 100 μM melatonin for 15 or 30 min seem to be the most appropriate, extending the broccoli’s shelf life to almost 42 days, when it is normally around 4 weeks. In addition, a study on the possible impact that melatonin treatments in broccoli could have on melatonin intake in humans is presented. The levels of superficial melatonin, called washing or residual melatonin, are measured, showing the possible incidence in estimated blood melatonin levels. Our results suggest that post-harvest treatments with melatonin do not have to be a handicap from a nutritional point of view, but more research is needed.
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Zhang, Bochao, Xiaoqin Wang, Yanjing Yang, and Xuewu Zhang. "Extraction and Identification of Isothiocyanates from Broccolini Seeds." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 1 (January 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600116.
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Broccolini ( Brassica oleracea Italica x Alboglabra) is a cross between broccoli and kai-lan (Chinese broccoli), which contains abundant glucosinolates. The intact glucosinolates are believed to be inactive, while their hydrolysis products, such as isothiocyanates (ITCs), are found to have bacteriocidal and anticarcinogenic activities. So far, no report is available about generation of ITCs during the process of glucosinolate hydrolysis in broccolini. In this study, the hydrolysis of broccolini seed glucosinolates was investigated under controlled conditions of pH, time and temperature, and the ITCs produced were determined. The results showed that an optimum hydrolysis of glucosinolates could be achieved at a temperature of 25°C, at pH 7.0, and a reaction time of eight hours. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis indicated that the extracted ITCs primarily were: 3-BITC (3-benzyl-ITC) (10.8%), 4-methylpentyl-ITC (0.5%), 1-isothiocyanato-butane (26.8%), PEITC (phenethyl-ITC) (22.6%) and SFN (sulforaphane) (19.2%).
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Shultz, Susan. "Broccoli." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 14, no. 4 (October 2013): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2013.833839.
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Wang, Dan, Xue Li, Yue Ma, and Xiao Yan Zhao. "Effect of Packaging Films on Quality of Fresh-Cut Broccoli." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.785.
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In order to reveal the effect of packaging films on quality of fresh cut broccoli, three different properties of films were selected as materials. The effect of packaging films on headspace gas composition in the bag, respiratory rate and sensory quality of fresh cut broccolis were studied. The results showed that the samples in PE2 exhibited the best quality. The samples in PE1 had less quality than PE2. Although broccolis in PE3 had the lower O2concentration and highest CO2concentration, which retarded a great extent of respiration rate than others, but this condition induced anaerobe respiration, and then leading to the worst sensory quality.
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YANG, Yanjing, and Xuewu ZHANG. "Extraction, Identification and Comparison of Glucosinolates Profiles in the Seeds of Broccolini, Broccoli and Chinese Broccoli." Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan 19 (2012): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15261/serdj.19.153.
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Santos, J. R. A., and D. I. Leskovar. "Interference from Broccoli Residue on Brassica Germination and Seedling Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 5 (September 1997): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.5.715.
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Germination bioassays were conducted to assess if water-soluble extracts of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica L.) affect germination of broccoli, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.), and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.). Greenhouse experiments also examined the phytotoxic potential of soil previously cropped with broccoli and broccoli plant parts on seedling growth of those species. The first bioassay used nonsterile extracts (NSEs) and filter-sterilized extracts (FSEs) of broccoli leaves. The second bioassay used nonsterile and filter-sterilized leaf extracts (LEs), stem and root extracts (SREs), and whole broccoli plant (leaves, stems, and roots) extracts (WPEs). Broccoli and cabbage germination were not affected by NSEs or FSEs, but the latter reduced cauliflower germination by 22%. LEs and SREs decreased germination speed for broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. Greenhouse seedlings were grown in soil previously cropped with broccoli or fallow soil at three fertilizer levels. Broccoli soil was phytotoxic to cauliflower but enhanced broccoli and cabbage seedling growth. The differential sensitivity to broccoli plant residue was in the order of cauliflower > broccoli = cabbage, with SR residue having the highest phytotoxic potential.
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García, Sheila Lucía Rodríguez, and Vijaya Raghavan. "Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Stems, Leaves, and Florets: Optimization, Characterization, and Comparison with Maceration Extraction." Recent Progress in Nutrition 2, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2202011.
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Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to obtain phenolics from vegetable wastes has been of recent interest. Broccoli is one of the most globally produced vegetables, and around 43% of the harvest is considered waste. Thus, given the significant quantity of broccoli waste generated, the objective of this work was to optimize the MAE, to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) from broccoli by-products (leaves and stems) and broccoli florets. The Response Surface Analysis was used in the optimization model to evaluate the impacts of methanol concentration, time, and temperature, and their interactions on the TPC of the broccoli extracts. The optimal MAE conditions were found to be 74.54% (methanol), 15.9 min, and 74.45 °C for broccoli stems; 80% (methanol), 10 min, and 73.27 °C for broccoli leaves; and 80% (methanol), 18.9 min, and 75 °C for broccoli florets. Under these conditions, the broccoli leaves exhibited the highest TPC (1940.35 ± 0.794 µg GAE/g DW), followed by the florets (657.062 ± 0.771 µg GAE/g DW) and stems (225.273 ± 0.897 µg GAE/g DW). The antioxidant activity of the broccoli extracts was evaluated under the optimal conditions by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the same behavior was observed in both studies, the broccoli leaves exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, among florets and stems. In addition, vanillic, sinapic, caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, neochlorogenic, and p-coumaric acids in the broccoli extracts were identified and quantified using HPLC. Furthermore, MAE was found to increase the phenolic yield up to 45.70% for broccoli leaves, 133.57% for broccoli florets, and 65.30% for broccoli stems, in less time compared with maceration extraction. MAE proved to be an efficient and sustainable technique to obtain phenolics from broccoli by-products, which can constitute a viable solution for valorizing broccoli wastes.
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Sarwai, Bembi Akbar, Sriyoto, and Ellys Yuliarti. "ANALISIS USAHATANI BROKOLI (Brassica oleracea L) DAN PEMASARANNYA DI DESA SUMBER URIP KECAMATAN SELUPU REJANG KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG." Jurnal AGRISEP 15, no. 2 (September 20, 2016): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.15.2.237-254.
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This research was conducted with the purpose to: (1) Determine the system of financing farming Broccoli, (2) Calculate farm income of Broccoli, (3) Investigate marketing channels of Broccoli, Calculate its marketing margin and knowing marketing efficiency Broccoli in Sumber Urip village Sub-District Selupu Rejang District of Rejang Lebong. Respondents of Broccoli Farmers are censused 45 Farmers while marketing agencies are determined with Snowball Sampling, total respondent marketing agencies are 25 respondents. The result of this research indicated that the average farmers in the Sumber Urip village their own capital resources obtained from previous farming Broccoli. The averaged income of Broccoli as Rp 5.850.717/Ut/MT. The marketing analysis indicated that the only Broccoli marketing channel in Sumber Urip village was through Farmers à Countryside à Wholeseller à Town Wholeseller à Retailers à Final Consumers. The marketing margin analysis showed that the total marketing margin Broccoli is Rp 10.942/Kg. Broccoli Marketing efficiency analysis results in Sumber Urip shows that every marketing agencies Broccoli studied all efficient it can be seen from the value criteria Countryside Wholeseller is 1.28, Districts Traders 5.52, Town Wholeseller is 1,83 and Retailers 19,21. Keywords: broccoli, income, marketing channels, margin, efficiency
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Honma, Shigemi. "‘Solohead’ Broccoli." HortScience 21, no. 5 (October 1986): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.5.1244a.
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Abstract ‘Solohead’, as the name suggests, is a broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) that bears only the primary head with no lateral shoot development prior to head maturity. Lateral shoots may appear at a later date after the primary head has been harvested. This cultivar shows resistance to black rot [Xanthomonas campestris (Pam.) Dows.]. ‘Solohead’ was developed for commercial production where only the primary head is harvested, but is also useful for the home garden and as a germplasm source.
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García, Manuel R. "Cutting Broccoli." Iowa Review 28, no. 2 (July 1998): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.5025.
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Paolini, Moreno, and Marvin S. Legator. "Healthy broccoli?" Nature 357, no. 6378 (June 1992): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357448a0.
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Lakamisi, Haryati. "Analisis usaha tani broccoli (Sprouting broccoli)." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 3, no. 2 (October 29, 2010): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.3.2.74-77.
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Serawai, Bembi Akbar, and Adly Adly. "Analisis Usaha Pertanian Brokoli (Brassica Oleracea L) (Studi di Desa Sumber Urip, Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu)." Proceeding of Community Development 1 (January 30, 2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2017.30.
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This research was conducted with the purpose to: (1) Determine the system of financing farming Broccoli, (2) Calculate farm income of Broccoli, (3) Investigate marketing channels of Broccoli,(4) Calculate its marketing margin and Knowing marketing efficiency Broccoli in Sumber Urip village District of Rejang Lebong Bengkulu. Respondents of Broccoli Farmers are censused 45 Farmers while marketing agencies are determined with Snowball Sampling, total Respondent marketing agencies are 25 Respondent. The result of this research indicated that the average farmers in the Sumber Urip village their own capital resources obtained from previous farming Broccoli. The averaged income of Broccoli as Rp 5.850.717/Ut/MT. The marketing analysis indicated that the only Broccoli marketing channel in Sumber Urip village was through Farmers, Countryside Wholeseller, Tradders Districts, Town Wholeseller, Retailers and Final Consumers. The marketing margin analysis showed that the total marketing margin Broccoli is Rp 10.942/Kg. Broccoli Marketing efficiency analysis results in Sumber Urip shows that every marketing agencies Broccoli studied all efficient it can be seen from the value criteria Countryside Wholeseller is 1.28, Tradders Districts 5.52, Town Wholeseller is 1,83 and Retailers 19,21.
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Shetty, K. G., K. V. Subbarao, O. C. Huisman, and J. C. Hubbard. "Mechanism of Broccoli-Mediated Verticillium Wilt Reduction in Cauliflower." Phytopathology® 90, no. 3 (March 2000): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.3.305.
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Broccoli is resistant to Verticillium dahliae infection and does not express wilt symptoms. Incorporation of broccoli residues reduces soil populations of V. dahliae. The effects of broccoli residue were tested on the colonization of roots by V. dahliae, plant growth response, and disease incidence of both broccoli and cauliflower in soils with different levels of V. dahliae inoculum and with or without fresh broccoli residue amendments. The three soils included a low-Verticillium soil, a high-Verticillium soil, and a broccoli-rotation soil (soil from a field after two broccoli crops) with an average of 13, 38, and below-detectable levels of microsclerotia per g of soil, respectively. Cauliflower plants in broccoli-amended high-Verticillium soil had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower wilt incidence and severity than did plants in unamended soil. An immunohistochemical staining assay utilizing a monoclonal antibody specific to V. dahliae was used to determine colonization of the root cortex. Despite the absence of wilt symptoms, broccoli roots were colonized by V. dahliae. In high-Verticillium soil, the broccoli residue amendment caused a marked reduction in colonization rate of V. dahliae per unit of inoculum on both cauliflower and broccoli roots. In addition to its detrimental effects on the viability of microsclerotia in soil, broccoli residue may also have an inhibitory effect on the root-colonizing potential of surviving microsclerotia.
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Chiu, Yu-Chun, Kristen Matak, and Kang-Mo Ku. "Methyl Jasmonate Treatment of Broccoli Enhanced Glucosinolate Concentration, Which Was Retained after Boiling, Steaming, or Microwaving." Foods 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060758.
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Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment was known to increase the levels of neoglucobrassicin and their bioactive hydrolysis products in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), but the fate of MeJA-induced glucosinolates (GSLs) after various cooking methods was unknown. This study measured the changes in GSLs and their hydrolysis compounds in broccoli treated with MeJA and the interaction between MeJA and cooking treatments. All cooked MeJA-treated broccoli contained significantly more GSLs than untreated broccoli (p < 0.05). After 5 min of cooking (boil, steam, microwave), MeJA-treated broccoli still contained 1.6- to 2.3-fold higher GSL content than untreated broccoli. Neoglucobrassicin hydrolysis products were also significantly greater in steamed and microwaved MeJA-treated broccoli. The results show that exogenous MeJA treatment increases neoglucobrassicin and its hydrolysis compounds in broccoli even after cooking. Once the positive and negative effects of these compounds are better understood, the results of this experiment can be a valuable tool to help food scientists, nutrition scientists, and dieticians determine how to incorporate raw or cooked broccoli and Brassica vegetables in the diet.
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Santos, Jose R. A., and Daniel I. Leskovar. "345 DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH INHIBITION OF BRASSICA SPECIES BY BROCCOLI RESIDUES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 480b—480. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.480b.
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Poor seedling emergence and stunted growth were observed in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L., Botrytis group) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata group) crops when planted after three consecutive monocrops of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica group). This study was conducted to assess seed, seedling, and plant growth responses of broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower to broccoli residue (leaves, stem + roots, and whole plant) extracts, broccoli residue incorporation, or soil previously cropped to broccoli. Osmotic potential, electrical conductivity, and pH of extracts were measured, rate (T50) and total germination were determined. Filter-sterilized leaf extract delayed T50(7.5 d) and reduced total germination (22%) of cauliflower compared to broccoli or cabbage. Similarly, plant height, shoot dry weight, and leaf area of cauliflower were significantly reduced when grown on broccoli soil in the greenhouse. Cabbage and cauliflower had low total marketable yields with more culled heads when grown in the field previously cropped to broccoli. Therefore, a potential growth inhibition of cabbage and cauliflower exists when following a continous cropping of broccoli.
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Jett, Lewis W., Ronald D. Morse, and Charles R. O'Dell. "539 PB 049 SINGLE-UNIT BROCCOLI AS AN ALTERNATIVE CASH CROP." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 508f—508. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.508f.
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Consumer attitudes and preferences towards fresh market broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Group Italica) are changing. Consumers desire large-head broccoli with more florets per unit weight, which we term single unit broccoli. Single unit broccoli could be field established by transplanting, alleviating the problems of poor stand establishment encountered with direct-seeded broccoli in the Southeast. The objectives of this research were to determine the feasibility of producing single unit broccoli and the optimal plant arrangement and spacing to maximize the yield of single unit broccoli. Two spatial arrangements (single vs. twin row) and five plant densities (10.8, 7.2, 5.4, 4.3 and 3.6 plants/m2) were examined in 1990 and 1991 for production of single unit broccoli. Spatial arrangement had no significant effect on any measured variable, although the twin row arrangement resulted in less plant damage with each multiple harvest. For exclusive production of high quality, single unit broccoli with high yields of marketable florets, a planting density of 3.6 plants/m2 (46 cm within row spacing) should be used in a twin row arrangement.
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Bhat, R. G., and K. V. Subbarao. "Reaction of Broccoli to Isolates of Verticillium dahliae from Various Hosts." Plant Disease 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.2.141.
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Isolates of Verticillium dahliae from 15 different hosts and V. albo-atrum from alfalfa were tested for their ability to cause wilt on broccoli using a root-dip inoculation method. None of the isolates caused vascular discoloration in broccoli except those from cabbage and cauliflower that were weakly pathogenic. Broccoli cultivars Baccus, Greenbelt, Parasol, Patriot, and Symphony showed resistance to Verticillium infection. Re-isolated strains from fresh samples of internally discolored broccoli and cauliflower root tissues were unable to cause disease symptoms on re-inoculation of broccoli, but caused severe disease on cauliflower. Inoculation of 5-, 7-, 9-, or 11-week-old plants did not alter the resistance in broccoli or the susceptibility in cauliflower against Verticillium. Immunity of broccoli against infection by isolates of V. dahliae from non-crucifer hosts, its resistance against crucifer isolates, and as previously described, attrition of V. dahliae microsclerotia in soil by broccoli residue, coupled with its importance as a commercial vegetable, make broccoli an attractive rotation crop for the management of Verticillium wilt in many cropping systems.
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Kowalenko, C. G., and J. W. Hall. "Effects of Nitrogen Applications on Direct-seeded Broccoli from a Single Harvest Adjusted for Maturity." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 1 (January 1987): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.1.9.
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Abstract A single harvest method using horticultural maturity rating data was tested in 2 years of Ν application field trials with broccoli. Using analysis of variance with the maturity data as covariates, it was possible to evaluate how broccoli yield response to Ν was influenced through the effect of Ν on maturity. This single harvest method simplified field operations and facilitated interpretation of Ν uptake data. Nitrogen treatments did not significantly alter maturity of broccoli in either year. Broccoli yield increased with up to 250 kg·ha–1 of Ν in both years. Sweet corn, which was grown adjacent to the broccoli in the first year, did not respond to similar applications. Nitrogen did not preferentially increase vegetative growth of broccoli, but in one year increased head yield. Nitrogen accumulated in the head of broccoli. The corn crop accumulated extra Ν in the vegetation and this was assumed to be luxury uptake. The difference in response to Ν of corn and broccoli was assumed to be the result of a difference in Ν use or uptake efficiency rather than overall demand, since the total above-ground uptake by corn and broccoli was quite similar.
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Forney, Charles F. "934 PB 524 HEAT TREATMENTS EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH BROCCOLI." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 568b—568. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.568b.
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Freshly harvested heads of `Cruiser' or `Paragon' broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) were heat treated by holding in water for 1 to 40 min at 42, 45, 48, 50, or 52C. Control heads were held in air at 20C or in 25C water for 40 min. Controls turned yellow in about 3 days at 20C. Treatments at 42C delayed yellowing by 1 or 2 days, while treatments of 45, 48, 50, and 52C prevented yellowing up to 7 days at 20C. Hot water treatments had no effect on water loss of broccoli during storage. Incidence of decay was greater in treated broccoli stored wet compared to the dry control. However, when free water was removed by spinning following treatment, no difference in decay was observed. Treatment of broccoli at 52C for 3 or more min sometimes induced a distinct off-odor. When broccoli was held at 0C for 3 weeks following treatment no differences were observed between control and treated broccoli. However, when broccoli was warmed to 20C following storage at 0C, yellowing of treated broccoli was inhibited. Hot water treatments also delayed senescence at 20C when broccoli was treated following 3 weeks of storage at 0C.
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Rose, Judith L., and Brian A. Kahn. "USE OF COWPEA AS A GREEN MANURE TO REDUCE EXTERNAL NITROGEN INPUTS IN A FALL BROCCOLI CROP." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 729d—729. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.729d.
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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was grown as a green manure preceding a fall crop of broccoli [Brassica oleracea L. (Italica Group)] in 1992 and 1993. Urea was used to supply 0, 84, or 168 kg·ha-1 of supplemental nitrogen (N) to broccoli which followed cowpeas. Control broccoli plots were grown on fallowed ground and were supplied with 168 kg·ha-1 of N from urea. Cowpea incorporation added over 100 kg·ha-1 of N to the soil in both years. In 1992, treatments had no significant effect on yield of marketable broccoli heads, but average head weight was reduced in the absence of external N. In 1993, broccoli yield was reduced following cowpeas except when 168 kg·ha-1 of external N also was supplied. Broccoli which followed cowpeas was delayed in maturity by 5 to 9 days in 1993. We conclude that a preceding cowpea crop alone will not supply enough N to sustain acceptable broccoli production. Further studies will determine how much external N must be supplied when broccoli follows cowpeas, and the best timing for supplying external N. We also will Investigate possible detrimental effects of the preceding cowpea crop on the broccoli.
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Hua, Chen, Xia Li-Shan, and Zhang Xu-Dong. "Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Potential of Peptides from Broccoli Stems and Leaves." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 18, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:16-20.
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To isolate bioactive broccoli peptides, crude proteins were flocculated from heated juice of broccoli stems and leaves and then hydrolyzed by proteases. Different proteases yielded different peptides with a significant effect on the bio-activities of broccoli peptides. Antioxidant activity of the broccoli peptides was investigated by measuring their DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals scavenging action in comparison to native antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH) and soybean peptides. Broccoli peptides (obtained by Neutrase® hydrolysis) at 5.0 mg/mL exhibited 72.8% of radicals scavenging rates, resembling GSH at 1.0 mg/mL (72.1%), and was 2.8 times than that of soybean peptides at 5.0 mg/mL (25.7%). Subsequently, the hypolipidemic activities were measured by oral gastric gavage of broccoli peptides in hyperlipemic golden hamster. Treatment with broccoli peptides (obtained by papain hydrolysis) significantly decreased the serum TC and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01) in experimental rats. The constitution of amino acid and the distribution of molecular weight analysis showed broccoli peptides contained sixteen amino acids and a great percentage of low molecular weight peptides (<1 kDa, 77.67%). By analyzing the amino acid compositions and bio-activities, our results indicate the high nutritive value and possible applications of broccoli peptides for human health.
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Huang, Hung-Chang, Shu-Fen Lai, Yung-Chuan Liu, Hon-Yi Chen, and Wu-Chun Tu. "Determination of Bromide Ion Residues in Broccoli after Fumigation with Methyl Bromide by Nonsuppressed Ion-Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 6 (September 1, 2005): 1784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1784.
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Abstract A nonsuppressed ion chromatography method using conductivity detection was performed to determine the concentration of bromide ions in broccoli following fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). After fumigation by MB with concentration up to 40 g/m3, bromide residue (BR) was considerably increased from the trace amount on unfumigated broccoli to about 12 ppm on fumigated broccoli. For probing the location of BR, broccoli was divided into stems and florets. The BRs were measured separately, and the results indicated that BRs only appear in the florets of broccoli.
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Gao, Meifang, Rui He, Rui Shi, Yiting Zhang, Shiwei Song, Wei Su, and Houcheng Liu. "Differential Effects of Low Light Intensity on Broccoli Microgreens Growth and Phytochemicals." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030537.
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To produce high-quality broccoli microgreens, suitable light intensity for growth and phytochemical contents of broccoli microgreens in an artificial light plant factory were studied. Broccoli microgreens were irradiated under different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD): 30, 50, 70 and 90 μmol·m−2·s−1 with red: green: blue = 1:1:1 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The broccoli microgreens grown under 50 μmol·m−2·s−1 had the highest fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture content, while the phytochemical contents were the lowest. With increasing light intensity, the chlorophyll content increased, whereas the carotenoid content decreased. The contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, free amino acid, flavonoid, vitamin C, and glucosinolates except for progoitrin in broccoli microgreens were higher under 70 μmol·m−2·s−1. Overall, 50 μmol·m−2·s−1 was the optimal light intensity for enhancement of growth of broccoli microgreens, while 70 μmol·m−2·s−1 was more feasible for improving the phytochemicals of broccoli microgreens in an artificial light plant factory.
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Kelley, William Terry, and David L. Coffey. "SEQUENTIAL VEGETABLE CROPPING UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGE SYSTEMS." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 710G—710. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.710g.
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Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated for increasing returns on small farms under reduced tillage. The sequences were spring 'Packman' broccoli followed by 'Sunny' tomatoes, spring broccoli/tomatoes/fall broccoli, and tomatoes/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled with no winter cover, conventionally tilled with a wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, TN (elev. 251m, Greeneville, TN (elev. 400m) and Crossville, TN (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip plot design with sequences stripped across tillage treatments. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Percentage of cull fruit was greater in Knoxville (1990) for conventional/no cover. A tomato-broccoli sequence produced more cull fruit at Knoxville (1990) and Greeneville (1989). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield and value was generally greater at most environments in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production.
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Kelley, William Terry, and David L. Coffey. "SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN VEGETABLE AND TOBACCO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGES." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1172b—1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1172b.
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Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated under reduced tillage. Sequences were spring `Packman' broccoli followed by `Sunny' tomatoes or 'm.s. Ky 14 × L8 tobacco, spring broccoli/tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli, and tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled/no winter cover, conventionally tilled/wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, (elev. 251m), Greeneville, (elev. 400m) and Crossville, (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip-plot design with sequences stripped across tillages. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield was generally greater in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production. Yield and revenue of tobacco were generally lower in no-till treatments. Broccoli/tobacco sequences generally had the highest yield but varied by location. No-till produced lower quality tobacco both years at Knoxville but not at Greeneville.
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DeEll, Jennifer R., and Peter M. A. Toivonen. "Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Nondestructive Indicator of Broccoli Quality during Storage in Modified-atmosphere Packaging." HortScience 35, no. 2 (April 2000): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.2.256.
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The objective of this study was to determine if chlorophyll fluorescence could be used as an indicator of anaerobic respiration in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica group) during modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP). Two types of packages were used, PD-941 bags, which provided optimum MAP conditions for broccoli (≈3 kPa O2 plus 5 kPa CO2), and PD-961EZ bags, which allowed the CO2 to accumulate (≈11 kPa CO2). After 28 days in MAP at 1 °C, the broccoli from both types of bag had similar appearances and weight losses. However, broccoli held in the PD-961EZ bags had developed slight to moderate alcoholic off-odors and had higher ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate content, as compared with broccoli in PD-941 bags. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, T1/2, Fmd, and ΦPSII) were lower for broccoli held in the PD-961EZ bags than in PD-941 bags, and these differences increased with storage duration. These results indicate that chlorophyll fluorescence is a reliable, rapid, nondestructive indicator of broccoli quality during MAP, and that it could be used to determine if broccoli has developed off-odors without opening the bag and disrupting the package atmosphere.
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Nerdy, Nerdy, and Effendy De Lux Putra. "Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Broccoli and Cauliflower with Different Fertilization Treatment." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (November 13, 2018): 2983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340639.
Full textAbstract:
Both broccoli and cauliflower are plants that are widely cultivated and consumed. The vegetable also contains Nitrite and Nitrite, which have a negative impact on human health because of the carcinogenic effect. Levels of Nitrite and Nitrate in vegetable are dependent on several factors, one of them is fertilization. The objective of this research is to determine the levels of Nitrite and Nitrate in broccoli and cauliflower without fertilization and with fertilization (natural and chemical). Samples were planted broccoli and cauliflower with different fertilization treatment. Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate levels were done by the colorimetric method (visible spectrophotometric) by using N-(1-Naphthyl) Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride and Sulfanilic Acid as the dyes and measured at the maximum absorbance wavelength (540 nm) and on the operating time between 11 minutes to 18 minutes. Nitrite and Nitrate levels in various fertilization treatments of broccoli and cauliflower were different significantly. Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower without fertilization are lower than Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower with fertilization. Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower with natural fertilizer fertilization are lower than Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower with chemical fertilizer fertilization.
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Wichrowska, Dorota, Wojciech Kozera, Tomasz Knapowski, Piotr Prus, and Anna Ligocka. "Assessment of the Interactive Effect of the Use of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Cultivars on the Nutritional Value of Broccoli during Storage." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 2575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122575.
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Broccoli is a short-term fresh storage vegetable; it most often goes to the processing plant where it is frozen or cold-stored. 1-methylcyclopropene gas (1-MCP) can be used to extend broccoli’s shelf life. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the genetic cultivar determinants, the use of 1-MCP and the storage time on the weight loss as well as the content of nutrients and harmful compounds in cultivars: ‘Bay Meadows’, ‘Monaco’, ‘Naxos’ and ‘Vicario’. The cultivars selected for the study differed significantly in terms of the traits after harvest and storage, and the differences were also conditioned by the interaction of the genetic factor and 1-MCP used, especially within 30 days after harvest. Of the broccoli cultivars, ‘Monaco’ demonstrated the lowest weight loss during storage, the highest content of dry weight, total sugars, vitamin C, both after harvest and after storage, in the samples treated with 1-methylcycloprepene after harvest. In turn, ‘Vicario’ lost most weight after storage and broccoli florets treated with 1-MCP have lost less weight. The highest amounts of nitrates and nitrites, both after harvest and after storage, were found in ‘Monaco’; however, the differences, as compared with the other cultivars, were significant, yet relatively low. The lowest compactness of the florets was recorded, and hence the lowest commercial value (basically unmarketable), for ‘Naxos’, ‘Monaco’ and ‘Vicario’ cultivars after 30 days of storage without the use of 1-MCP. However, due to the use of 1-MCP and low temperature (4 °C), the commercial value of those broccoli cultivars was satisfactory.
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Badełek, Ewa, Ryszard Kosson, and Franciszek Adamicki. "The Effect of Storage in Controlled Atmosphere on the Quality and Health-Promoting Components of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea bar. Italica)." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 77, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-012-0018-x.
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Summary The aim of the study was to determine the effect of storage conditions on the quality and health-promoting components of broccoli. Broccoli heads cv. Marathon F1 were stored at 0°C for 100 days in controlled atmospheres containing: 1) 15% CO2 - 3% O2, 2) 10% CO2 - 3% O2, 3) 8% CO2 - 1% O2, 4) 5% CO2 - 3% O2. In the control treatment, broccoli heads were stored in normal atmosphere in crates lined with PE film. Before and after storage, chemical analyses were performed for the content of ascorbic acid, total sugars and glucosinolates - sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol. Additionally, after storage the quality of broccoli heads was assessed visually on a 1-10 point scale, and the percentage of marketable heads was determined. The total content of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol in fresh broccoli was lower in comparison with stored broccoli. The sulforaphane content in fresh broccoli was about twice as high as that of indole-3-carbinol. Storage in an atmosphere consisting of 5% CO2 - 3% O2 was more favourable in comparison with the other gas concentrations in terms of glucosinolate content. A decrease in the content of ascorbic acid and total sugars during storage was noted in all the treatments. The highest loss of these components occurred in broccoli stored in an atmosphere consisting of 15% CO2 and 3% O2. Broccoli heads stored in normal atmosphere completely lost their market quality due to decay, but the quality of broccoli kept in CA was satisfactory.
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Charron, Craig S., Bryan T. Vinyard, Sharon A. Ross, Harold E. Seifried, Elizabeth H. Jeffery, and Janet A. Novotny. "Absorption and metabolism of isothiocyanates formed from broccoli glucosinolates: effects of BMI and daily consumption in a randomised clinical trial." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 1370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518002921.
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AbstractSulphoraphane originates from glucoraphanin in broccoli and is associated with anti-cancer effects. A preclinical study suggested that daily consumption of broccoli may increase the production of sulphoraphane and sulphoraphane metabolites available for absorption. The objective of this study was to determine whether daily broccoli consumption alters the absorption and metabolism of isothiocyanates derived from broccoli glucosinolates. We conducted a randomised cross-over human study (n18) balanced for BMI and glutathioneS-transferaseμ1 (GSTM1) genotype in which subjects consumed a control diet with no broccoli (NB) for 16 d or the same diet with 200 g of cooked broccoli and 20 g of raw daikon radish daily for 15 d (daily broccoli, DB) and 100 g of broccoli and 10 g of daikon radish on day 16. On day 17, all subjects consumed a meal of 200 g of broccoli and 20 g of daikon radish. Plasma and urine were collected for 24 h and analysed for sulphoraphane and metabolites of sulphoraphane and erucin by triple quadrupole tandem MS. For subjects with BMI >26 kg/m2(median), plasma AUC and urinary excretion rates of total metabolites were higher on the NB diet than on the DB diet, whereas for subjects with BMI <26 kg/m2, plasma AUC and urinary excretion rates were higher on the DB diet than on the NB diet. Daily consumption of broccoli interacted with BMI but notGSTM1genotype to affect plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of glucosinolate-derived compounds believed to confer protection against cancer. This trial was registered as NCT02346812.
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Hao, Jianjun, Krishna V. Subbarao, and Steven T. Koike. "Effects of Broccoli Rotation on Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia minor and on the Population Density of Sclerotia in Soil." Plant Disease 87, no. 2 (February 2003): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.2.159.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments were conducted at Spence Road site and at the Hartnell College East Campus site in Salinas, CA, to determine the effects of crop rotation with broccoli or a fallow period on lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor and the density of pathogen sclerotia in the soil. Treatments at the Spence Road site with low inoculum density (<7 sclerotia per 100 cm3 of soil) distributed randomly included: successive crops of lettuce (LLL), lettuce rotated with broccoli (LBL), and lettuce followed by a fallow period (LFL). Treatments at the Hartnell site with high inoculum density (>7 sclerotia per 100 cm3 of soil) distributed uniformly included: continuous lettuce (LLLL), broccoli-lettuce-broccoli-lettuce (BLBL), broccoli-broccoli-lettuce-lettuce (BBLL), and fallow-lettuce-fallow-lettuce (FLFL). At the Spence Road site, continuous lettuce did not increase lettuce drop incidence for at least 2 years, although an increase in soilborne sclerotia was observed annually but was below the threshold at which a correlation between inoculum density and disease incidence is observed. Rotation with broccoli resulted in small reductions in disease incidence only in the first year. The density of sclerotia was lowest in the LFL treatment, and the highest in the LLL. At the Hartnell site, rotation with broccoli significantly reduced both sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence. The number of broccoli crops rather than the sequence of lettuce rotations with broccoli was critical for reducing the numbers of S. minor sclerotia in soil. Fallowing after a lettuce crop resulted in marginal reductions in sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence. Viability of recovered sclerotia was not significantly different between treatments, although differences between seasons were detected. Results suggest that rotations with broccoli can be a practical lettuce drop management strategy.
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Xiao, C. L., K. V. Subbarao, K. F. Schulbach, and S. T. Koike. "Effects of Crop Rotation and Irrigation on Verticillium dahliae Microsclerotia in Soil and Wilt in Cauliflower." Phytopathology® 88, no. 10 (October 1998): 1046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.10.1046.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of broccoli residue on population dynamics of Verticillium dahliae in soil and on Verticillium wilt development on cauliflower under furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation and three irrigation regimes in 1994 and 1995. Treatments were a factorial combination of three main plots (broccoli crop grown, harvested, and residue incorporated in V.dahliae-infested plots; no broccoli crop or residue in infested plots; and fumigated control plots), two subplots (furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation), and three sub-subplots (deficit, moderate, and excessive irrigation regimes) arranged in a split-split-plot design with three replications. Soil samples collected at various times were assayed for V. dahliae propagules using the modified Anderson sampler technique. Incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt on cauliflower were assessed at 7- to 10-day intervals beginning a month after cauliflower transplanting and continuing until harvest. Number of propagules in all broccoli plots declined significantly (P < 0.05) after residue incorporation and continued to decline throughout the cauliflower season. The overall reduction in the number of propagules after two broccoli crops was approximately 94%, in contrast to the fivefold increase in the number of propagules in infested main plots without broccoli after two cauliflower crops. Disease incidence and severity were both reduced approximately 50% (P < 0.05) in broccoli treatments compared with no broccoli treatments. Differences between furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation were not significant, but incidence and severity were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the deficit irrigation regime compared with the other two regimes. Abundance of microsclerotia of V. dahliae on cauliflower roots about 8 weeks after cauliflower harvest was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in treatments with broccoli compared with treatments without broccoli. Rotating broccoli with cauliflower and incorporating broccoli residues into the soils is a novel means of managing Verticillium wilt on cauliflower and perhaps on other susceptible crops. This practice would be successful regardless of the irrigation methods or regimes followed on the susceptible crops.
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Njoroge, S. M. C., G. E. Vallad, S. Y. Park, S. Kang, S. T. Koike, M. Bolda, P. Burman, W. Polonik, and K. V. Subbarao. "Phenological and Phytochemical Changes Correlate with Differential Interactions of Verticillium dahliae with Broccoli and Cauliflower." Phytopathology® 101, no. 5 (May 2011): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-10-0219.
Full textAbstract:
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis subvar. cauliflora) is susceptible to wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae but broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica subvar. cyamosa) is not. Infection of broccoli and cauliflower by a green fluorescent protein-expressing isolate of V. dahliae was examined using epifluorescence and confocal laser-scanning microscopy to follow infection and colonization in relation to plant phenology. Plant glucosinolate, phenolic, and lignin contents were also assayed at 0, 4, 14, and 28 days postinoculation. V. dahliae consistently infected and colonized the vascular tissues of all cauliflower plants regardless of age at inoculation, with the pathogen ultimately appearing in the developing seed; however, colonization decreased with plant age. In broccoli, V. dahliae infected and colonized root and stem xylem tissues of plants inoculated at 1, 2, or 3 weeks postemergence. However, V. dahliae colonized only the root xylem and the epidermal and cortical tissues of broccoli plants inoculated at 4, 5, and 6 weeks postemergence. The frequency of reisolation of V. dahliae from the stems (4 to 22%) and roots (10 to 40%) of mature broccoli plants was lower than for cauliflower stems (25 to 64%) and roots (31 to 71%). The mean level of aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli roots was 6.18 times higher than in the shoots and did not vary with age, whereas it was 3.65 times higher in cauliflower shoots than in the roots and there was a proportional increase with age. Indole glucosinolate content was identical in both cauliflower and broccoli, and both indole and aromatic glucosinolates did not vary with plant age in either crop. Qualitative differences in characterized glucosinolates were observed between broccoli and cauliflower but no differences were observed between inoculated and noninoculated plants for either broccoli or cauliflower. However, the phenolic and lignin contents were significantly higher in broccoli following inoculation than in noninoculated broccoli or inoculated cauliflower plants. The increased resistance of broccoli to V. dahliae infection was related to the increase in phenolic and lignin contents. Significant differential accumulation of glucosinolates associated with plant phenology may also contribute to the resistant and susceptible reactions of broccoli and cauliflower, respectively, against V. dahliae.
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Subbarao, Krishna V., Judith C. Hubbard, and Steven T. Koike. "Evaluation of Broccoli Residue Incorporation into Field Soil for Verticillium Wilt Control in Cauliflower." Plant Disease 83, no. 2 (February 1999): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.124.
Full textAbstract:
Wilt incited by Verticillium dahliae has recently become an important disease on cauliflower in the Salinas Valley. Although broccoli is closely related to cauliflower, wilt has not occurred on this host and V. dahliae isolates from cauliflower were weakly pathogenic on broccoli in greenhouse inoculations. In this study, the effectiveness of broccoli residues on propagule attrition in soil and wilt incidence on cauliflower was determined in a commercial field infested with V. dahliae microsclerotia. The treatments were broccoli residue with tarp, broccoli residue without tarp, chloropicrin, metham sodium, control with tarp, control without tarp, cauliflower followed by cauliflower, and cauliflower followed by fallow. Approximately 200 kg of chopped broccoli was uniformly disk incorporated into the corresponding plots (36 m2). Densities of V. dahliae microsclerotia were determined at 0, 30, 90, and 145 days after treatment in 1993 and 0, 30, 74, 109, and 140 days after treatment in 1994 using the modified Anderson sampler technique. Cauliflower cultivar White Rock was planted in all plots. Plant height, number of marketable heads, head weight, and wilt severity were determined at maturity. Even though the pre-treatment number of V. dahliae propagules in broccoli-treated and control plots were similar, by the end of the cauliflower cropping season numbers either were the same or increased in control plots compared with a reduction in numbers in broccoli residue-treated plots during both seasons. There were no differences between tarped and non-tarped plots either in broccoli residue-treated or control plots. In fumigated plots, propagules declined initially but later returned to pre-treatment levels by the end of the cropping season. Continuous cauliflower or fallowing after one cauliflower crop resulted in stable or increased levels of microsclerotia. Verticillium wilt severity was lowest in metham sodium-treated plots, followed by broccoli residue-treated plots and chloropicrin in both years. Plant height, marketable heads, and head weight were higher in broccoli-treated than in control plots. These results suggest that broccoli residues reduce V. dahliae microsclerotia in soil and wilt of cauliflower as much as or more than chloropicrin and metham sodium, and that rotation with broccoli may be a feasible approach to manage Verticillium wilt in cauliflower and other susceptible crops.
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Gillies, S. L., and P. M. A. Toivonen. "Cooling Method Influences the Postharvest Quality of Broccoli." HortScience 30, no. 2 (April 1995): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.313.
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The effects of cooling method and packaging with perforated film on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) quality during 2C storage were studied. Broccoli was either room-cooled, top-iced, or hydrocooled before being placing into storage for 14 days. Hydrocooling was the most rapid cooling method and resulted in the lowest vapor pressure deficits between the broccoli and the surrounding air. Hydrocooling and top-icing resulted in similar firmness and color retention. Broccoli that was hydrocooled and then overwrapped with perforated film lost less weight, was firmest, and retained color better than either top-iced or room-cooled broccoli.
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Shi, Xiaoming, and Liwei Qiu. "Visual communication and brand building of agricultural products in the context of rural revitalization." Highlights in Art and Design 1, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v1i3.2957.
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At present, the branding of Linhai broccoli has the problems of insufficient depth of characteristic connotation and low degree of industrialization. According to the four commonly used marketing methods (wholesale, offline retail, and online sales), this paper defines four target users of broccoli: wholesalers, tourists, offline retail users, and network users. Through the ergonomics research method, the target user's expectation analysis of broccoli is carried out, so as to expand the possibility of broccoli industrialization. It was found that the target users had great expectations for the expansion of the usable range of broccoli. Therefore, this paper takes each sales channel as the breakthrough point, deeply excavates the characteristics and connotation of agricultural products, and combines the regional cultural characteristics to establish a visual communication system for Linhai broccoli.
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Eriksson, Mattias, Louise Bartek, Klara Löfkvist, Christopher Malefors, and Marie E. Olsson. "Environmental Assessment of Upgrading Horticultural Side Streams—The Case of Unharvested Broccoli Leaves." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 5327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105327.
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To facilitate transition to a sustainable food system, it is necessary to address food losses. A large proportion of waste occurs during primary production, with large quantities of edible crop parts left in the field at harvest. One such product is broccoli, where normally only around one-third of the edible parts of the plant are harvested in Sweden. Much of the broccoli plant consists of edible leaves and this side stream represents an unused resource with great potential. This study assessed the potential environmental savings that can be achieved by utilising broccoli side streams as a powder in soups and bread. Consequential and attributional life cycle assessments were conducted, based on scenarios relevant for growers in southern Sweden. The results showed that the scenario with the largest saving potential was to process the broccoli side streams into a powder for use in broccoli soup. The main saving was due to substitution of imported broccoli powder, which was assumed to be produced from broccoli florets using a more fossil-based energy mix. The second best scenario was to use the side-stream broccoli powder as a wheat substitute in bread but, since wheat flour is less resource-demanding than imported broccoli powder, the emission savings were lower in this case. However, replacing wheat flour with a vegetable-based product could provide additional health benefits that are important in achieving a healthy, locally available, and environmentally friendly diet suitable for a sustainable food system.
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Zhao, Yunfei, Zhong Tang, and Shuren Chen. "Loading Model and Mechanical Properties of Mature Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Italica Plenck) Stems at Harvest." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101519.
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Stem cutting is the main process of broccoli harvesting, and the structure and mechanical properties of the stem significantly affect the cutting efficiency. In the current research, the structural characteristics and component contents of the broccoli stem are analyzed. Through different processing methods of stretching, compressing and bending, the aim is to obtain the parameters for mechanical properties of broccoli stem, and to provide basic data and reference for establishing visual models of broccoli stem. The test results show: The content of rind is highest in the middle of the stem, the content of xylem is highest in the bottom of the stem, and the content of pith is highest in the top of the stem. The densities of rind, xylem and pith of broccoli stem were 1056.1, 938.9 and 1009.9 kg·m−3, respectively. The elastic modulus of the rind of broccoli stem was 27.2~47.5 MPa, the elastic modulus of the xylem was 19.2~110.7 MPa, and the elastic modulus of the pith was 6.5~7.5 MPa. The compressive elastic modulus of the stem was 1.3~2 MPa. The bending strength of the broccoli stem was 6.9 MPa, and the bending modulus was 3.1 MPa. The mechanical model of broccoli stem established in this study provides a theoretical basis for cutting and other processes.
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Cui, Siqi, Xiaolu Yu, Ya Chen, Jianli Zhang, and Guangmin Liu. "Bacterial Diversity and Dominant Spoilage Microorganisms in Fresh-Cut Broccoli." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073370.
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Different cutting types not only affect the quality and bioactive substances of broccoli but may produce wounding stress that influences the quantity and diversity of microorganisms and finally leads to safety concerns. In this study, three different fresh-cutting types (floret (F), quarterly cut floret (QF) and shredded floret (FS)) and four storage stages (0, 1, 2 and 3 day(s)) were designed to detect the bacterial diversity in broccoli. Results showed that the quantity and growth of microorganisms in fresh-cut broccoli were positively correlated with the intensity of fresh-cut damage, and the 97 strains isolated using 16S rRNA gene sequences were mainly classified into four phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The predominant phylum was Proteobacteria, dominated by Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Four representative strains of different species were selected to analyze their spoilage potential on fresh-cut broccoli. Pseudomonas spp. had great impacts on the corruption of broccoli, which affected fresh-cut broccoli by metabolizing to produce nitrite and consuming nutrition. Moreover, Comamonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. also affected the quality of broccoli, but received little attention previously. This study provides a reference for precise bacteriostasis and preservation of fresh-cut vegetables such as broccoli.
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Ploeg, Antoon, and James Stapleton. "Glasshouse studies on the effects of time, temperature and amendment of soil with broccoli plant residues on the infestation of melon plants by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica." Nematology 3, no. 8 (2001): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101753625353.
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AbstractThe effects of heating, over a range of temperatures and for increasing periods of time, and of adding finely chopped broccoli leaves to soil infested by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on nematode infestation of melon, were studied in glasshouse experiments. There was a significant interaction between the effects of soil temperature, the period for which this temperature was maintained and broccoli amendment. At the lowest temperature tested (20°C), adding broccoli to the soil had very little effect on nematode infestation or galling of melon. Increasing the temperature of the broccoli-amended soils to 25, 30 or 35°C dramatically reduced infestation and galling compared to that in non-amended soils. Within this range, the effect of broccoli-amendment occurred sooner at higher temperatures. Heating the soil to 40°C for 10 days generally eliminated nematode infestation and root-galling, irrespective of whether broccoli had been added. Fewer egg masses were obtained from melon roots grown in broccoli-amended soils than from those grown in non-amended soils, even when roots exhibited similar degrees of galling. The results suggest that the temperature and time treatments using soil solarisation to control M. incognita or M. javanica could be reduced in soils amended with broccoli residues.
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Derelle, Romain, Hervé Philippe, and John K. Colbourne. "Broccoli: Combining Phylogenetic and Network Analyses for Orthology Assignment." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 11 (June 30, 2020): 3389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa159.
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Abstract Orthology assignment is a key step of comparative genomic studies, for which many bioinformatic tools have been developed. However, all gene clustering pipelines are based on the analysis of protein distances, which are subject to many artifacts. In this article, we introduce Broccoli, a user-friendly pipeline designed to infer, with high precision, orthologous groups, and pairs of proteins using a phylogeny-based approach. Briefly, Broccoli performs ultrafast phylogenetic analyses on most proteins and builds a network of orthologous relationships. Orthologous groups are then identified from the network using a parameter-free machine learning algorithm. Broccoli is also able to detect chimeric proteins resulting from gene-fusion events and to assign these proteins to the corresponding orthologous groups. Tested on two benchmark data sets, Broccoli outperforms current orthology pipelines. In addition, Broccoli is scalable, with runtimes similar to those of recent distance-based pipelines. Given its high level of performance and efficiency, this new pipeline represents a suitable choice for comparative genomic studies. Broccoli is freely available at https://github.com/rderelle/Broccoli.
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Han, Fengqing, Yumei Liu, Zhiyuan Fang, Limei Yang, Mu Zhuang, Yangyong Zhang, Honghao Lv, Yong Wang, Jialei Ji, and Zhansheng Li. "Advances in Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Broccoli." Horticulturae 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090280.
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Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is one of the most important vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. The market demand for broccoli is still increasing due to its richness in vitamins, anthocyanins, mineral substances, fiber, secondary metabolites and other nutrients. The famous secondary metabolites, glucosinolates, sulforaphane and selenium have protective effects against cancer. Significant progress has been made in fine-mapping and cloning genes that are responsible for important traits; this progress provides a foundation for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in broccoli breeding. Genetic engineering by the well-developed Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in broccoli has contributed to the improvement of quality; postharvest life; glucosinolate and sulforaphane content; and resistance to insects, pathogens and abiotic stresses. Here, we review recent progress in the genetics and molecular breeding of broccoli. Future perspectives for improving broccoli are also briefly discussed.