Journal articles: 'Broadcast Control'

1

Belen, Selma, C. Yalçin Kaya, and C. E. M. Pearce. "Impulsive control of rumours with two broadcasts." ANZIAM Journal 46, no. 3 (January 2005): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100008324.

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AbstractIn this paper we introduce an impulsive control model of a rumour process. The spreaders are classified as subscriber spreaders, who receive an initial broadcast of a rumour and start spreading it, and nonsubscriber spreaders who change from being an ignorant to being a spreader after encountering a spreader. There are two consecutive broadcasts. The first starts the rumour process. The objective is to time the second broadcast so that the final proportion of ignorants is minimised. The second broadcast reactivates as spreaders either the subscriber stiflers (Scenario 1) or all individuals who have been spreaders (Scenario 2). It is shown that with either scenario the optimal time for the second broadcast is always when the proportion of spreaders drops to zero.

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LIPMAN, JUSTIN, PAUL BOUSTEAD, and JOHN JUDGE. "NEIGHBOR AWARE ADAPTIVE POWER FLOODING (NAAP) IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 14, no. 02 (April 2003): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054103001704.

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This paper introduces Neighbor Aware Adaptive Power flooding, an optimized flooding mechanism used in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETS) that employs several mechanisms (neighbor coverage, power control, neighbor awareness and local optimization) to limit the broadcast storm problem, reduce duplicate packet reception and lower power consumption in both transmission and reception. Upon receiving an optimized broadcast, a relay determines a new set of possible relays (to continue the flood) based upon local neighbor information and the previous optimized broadcast. Additionally, neighboring relays only consider the shared neighbors they are closest to. A relay may perform local optimization (to reduce power consumption and isolate broadcasts) by substituting one high power broadcast with two or more low power broadcasts, thereby introducing additional hops, We show that compared to blind flooding and multipoint relaying, NAAP in a static environment greatly reduces the problems associated with the broadcast storm problem, duplicate packet reception and power consumption.

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Ye, Linsheng, Linghe Kong, Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor, Guihai Chen, and Shahid Mumtaz. "LAB: Lightweight Adaptive Broadcast Control in DSRC Vehicular Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (August 13, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5713913.

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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in manufacturing. The vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a typical application of IIoT. Benefiting from Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technology, vehicles can communicate with each other through wireless manner. Therefore, road safety is able to be greatly improved by the broadcast of safety messages, which contain vehicle’s real-time speed, position, direction, etc. In existing DSRC, safety messages are broadcasted at a fixed frequency by default. However, traffic conditions are dynamic. In this way, there are too many transmission collisions when vehicles are too dense and the wireless channel is underused when vehicles are too sparse. In this paper, we address broadcast congestion issue in DSRC and propose lightweight adaptive broadcast (LAB) control for DSRC safety message. The objectives of LAB are to make full use of DSRC channel and avoid congestion. LAB meets two key challenges. First, it is hard to adopt a centralized method to control the communication parameters of distributed vehicles. Furthermore, the vehicle cannot easily acquire the channel conditions of other vehicles. To overcome these challenges, channel condition is attached with safety messages in LAB and broadcast frequency is adapted according to neighboring vehicles’ channel conditions. To evaluate the performance of LAB, we conduct extensive simulations on different roads and different vehicle densities. Performance results demonstrate that LAB effectively adjusts the broadcast frequency and controls the congestion.

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Zeng, Fanzi, Yuting Tang, and Jianjie Pu. "Multichannel Broadcast Based on Home Channel for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/725210.

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Considering the limited resources and the dynamic spectrum distribution in the cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSN), a half-duplex Multichannel broadcast protocol for CRSN is presented based on the home channel. This protocol maintains the networks topology only through the home channel, so there is no need for the public channel to transmit the control information and no need for the synchronization. After network initialization, node broadcasts data via home channel in half-duplex transmission way. The simulation results show that, compared with complete broadcast, the proposed protocol effectively reduces broadcast delay and overhead.

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5

Rivest, R. "Network control by Bayesian broadcast." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 33, no. 3 (May 1987): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.1987.1057315.

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6

Mohamad Nor, Mohamad Hafizulazwan, Zool Hilmi Ismail, and Mohd Ashraf Ahmad. "Broadcast control of multi-robot systems with norm-limited update vector." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 172988142094595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420945958.

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This article addresses a problem in standard broadcast control framework which leads to an unstable solution in a certain motion-coordination task. First, the unstable phenomenon in a certain motion-coordination task is illustrated using standard broadcast control framework. This issue calls for modification to the standard broadcast control framework by limiting the norm of the update vector of robots’ positions into a constant value. Then, we demonstrate that the modified broadcast controller achieves the convergence with the probability of 1. Finally, we illustrate in numerical simulations that the modified broadcast controller can effectively solve the instability issue and also may improve the convergence time as compared to the standard broadcast controller.

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7

AU, MEI-WAI, EDWARD CHAN, and KAM-YIU LAM. "CONCURRENCY CONTROL FOR MOBILE SYSTEMS WITH DATA BROADCAST." Journal of Interconnection Networks 02, no. 03 (September 2001): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265901000361.

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Although data broadcast has been shown to be an efficient method for disseminating data items in a mobile computing system with large number of clients, the issue on how to ensure the data consistency observed by mobile transactions, which are generated by mobile clients, has been largely ignored by researchers in the area. While data items are being broadcast, update transactions may install new values for the data items. If the executions of update and broadcast of data items are interleaved without any control, the mobile transactions may observe inconsistent data values. In this paper, we propose a serialization checking method (SCM) for concurrency control between read-only mobile transactions and update transactions. SCM is based on the framework of an earlier algorithm, Update First with Ordering (UFO), but improves on that algorithm by reducing re-broadcast overhead when the probability of data conflict between updates and data broadcast is high. Simulation experiments have been performed to investigate the performance characteristics of the proposed method.

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Shanmugasundaram, Jayavel, Arvind Nithrakashyap, Rajendran Sivasankaran, and Krithi Ramamritham. "Efficient concurrency control for broadcast environments." ACM SIGMOD Record 28, no. 2 (June 1999): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/304181.304190.

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9

Azuma, Shun-ichi, Ryota Yoshimura, and Toshiharu Sugie. "Broadcast control of multi-agent systems." Automatica 49, no. 8 (August 2013): 2307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2013.04.022.

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10

Cristian, Flaviu. "Synchronous atomic broadcast for redundant broadcast channels." Real-Time Systems 2, no. 3 (September 1990): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00365327.

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11

Wilk, Dorota. "Role and Room for Social Broadcaster With Radio Fara as an Example." Social Communication 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sc-2018-0012.

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Abstract The broadcaster, who uses the possibility of functioning in the broadcasting media space as a social broadcaster, ensures not only independence from power centres, political parties and commercial entities, but also full control over the broadcast content. He consciously directs ithe message to a specific group of recipients, often a niche group, providing content that commercial and public stations avoid, considering it to be unattractive. The type of programmes broadcast is strictly defined by the role it has to fulfil, the requirements set by the legislator for social broadcasters and the possibilities resulting from having such status. This has a significant impact on the place it occupies in the media radio market.

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12

Sanderson, K. R., J. B. Sanderson, and U. C. Gupta. "Boron for brown-heart control on two rutabaga cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-055.

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Field experiments were carried out in Prince Edward Island to investigate the effect of broadcast and foliar B applications on brown-heart, leaf nutrient content, yield and storage of two rutabaga cultivars (Brassica napabrassica Mill.) at one site in 1994, 1996 and 1997. The two cultivars, York and Thomson Laurentian, were seeded with preplant broadcast B at 0, 2.24, 4.48 and 6.72 kg ha-1. Within each preplant broadcast B treatment, foliar B was applied as Solubor (20.5% B) at 0 and 2.24 kg B ha-1. Foliar B was applied 28 and 42 d after seeding at 1.12 kg B ha-1 at each application. Averaged over these 3 yr, total yield was reduced by broadcast B and foliar B applications. Applications of B increased soil and tissue B levels. Boron was within acceptable levels for plant tissue and soil in all years; however, brown-heart was severe in 1994. On average, the incidence of brown-heart was lower in York than in Thomson Laurentian, and further decreased with increasing rate of B, both broadcast and foliar. Key words: Boron, brown-heart, York, Thomson Laurentian, rutabaga

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13

AZUMA, Shun-ichi, Ichiro BABA, and Toshiharu SUGIE. "Broadcast Control of Markovian Multi-Agent Systems." SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration 9, no. 2 (2016): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/jcmsi.9.103.

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14

TANAKA, Yosuke, Shun-ichi AZUMA, and Toshiharu SUGIE. "Broadcast Control with Constant-distance Random Movement." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 50, no. 2 (2014): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.50.139.

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15

Dang, Hong She, Chen Xie, and Sai Sai Gao. "A Design of Broadcast Transmitter Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.777.

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According to actual control requirements, broadcast transmitter control system is designed with PLC as the core controller. The system hardware design is described and the software design is introduced in detail based on integrated development environment. Transmitter control system functions are realized. And the system can not only meet all the control requirements, but also has a powerful remote control ability and human-computer interaction with good reliability and real-time after the laboratory test and field test.

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16

Depeng, Dang, and Liu Yunsheng. "Concurrency control in real-time broadcast environments." Journal of Systems and Software 68, no. 2 (November 2003): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0164-1212(02)00144-9.

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17

Gueth, R., J. Kriz, and S. Zueger. "Broadcast protocols in distributed computer control systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 1 (May 1985): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-031664-2.50013-9.

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18

Byun, Yoon-Kwan, Sekchin Chang, and Seong Jong Choi. "An Emergency Alert Broadcast Based on the Convergence of 5G and ATSC 3.0." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060758.

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We propose a novel emergency alert broadcast mechanism for mobile phone users, which is based on the convergence of 5G and ATSC 3.0. Cellular networks including 5G adopt a broadcast technique for emergency alert. This technique just delivers a text-based message. Moreover, the message only includes a limited number of characters. Therefore, cellular networks cannot afford to provide abundant information in emergency cases. Broadcast networks such as ATSC 3.0 also offer an emergency alert broadcast service. This service can deliver a multimedia-based message in emergency cases. Therefore, the ATSC 3.0 supports more abundant information in the cases of emergency alert broadcasts. Especially, the ATSC 3.0 employs wake-up functionality and location information, which enables the delivery of emergency alerts to idle-state receivers in emergency areas. However, it is unlikely that the wake-up functionality and the location information are directly applicable to mobile phone users due to some practical issues. In order to improve the emergency alert broadcast service in mobile environments, we converge the 5G and the ATSC 3.0 networks, which effectively exploits the advantages of the networks. For the convergence network, we suggest a modified table, which associates the 5G message with the ATSC 3.0 message in the cases of emergency alerts. We also present a novel scenario for delivery of the emergency alert messages. Simulation results show that the convergence significantly enhances the receiver performance for emergency alert broadcast.

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19

Wang, Yingqiang, Zhaohua Nian, Chang Liu, Wei Han, and Maowei Lin. "A Bandwidth Statistical Multiplexing and Control Method for Satellite Broadcasting." Scientific Programming 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841006.

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In the field of satellite data broadcasting, the management quality of data broadcasting bandwidth is directly related to the throughput of the broadcasting system and plays an important role in the performance of satellites. In this paper, for the sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite broadcasting which has the conventional product files and emergency information, a broadcast bandwidth statistical multiplexing and control method is designed for bandwidth management. It can be used for the management of broadcasting between regular products and emergency information, as well as internal broadcasting among regular products. This paper is the first to apply common multiplexing of PID and channel mode (CMPCM) to satellite broadcasting. The test verified that the broadcast channel of the parameters and the broadcast schedule management channel resources achieved statistical multiplexing of bandwidth, ratio of channel management functions, and data broadcast control. Broadcasting occupation ratio (BOR) and broadcasting file error ratio (BER) improved significantly. This is significant for improving the efficiency of satellite uplink broadcasting.

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20

Bitan, S., and S. Zaks. "Optimal Linear Broadcast." Journal of Algorithms 14, no. 2 (March 1993): 288–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1993.1015.

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21

Santos, Carlos Antônio dos, Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo, Aline da Silva Bhering, Evandro Silva Pereira Costa, and Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho. "Use of limestone and agricultural gypsum in cauliflower crop management and clubroot control in mountain farming." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 42 (April 3, 2020): e42494. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42494.

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The effects of the dose and application method of limestone - broadcast or in furrow - and of agricultural gypsum on soil fertility, the control of clubroot, and cauliflower development in mountain farming areas were evaluated. Initially, four doses of broadcast limestone (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 Mg ha-1) and two cauliflower cultivars (Sharon and Piracicaba Precoce) were analyzed. A second experiment evaluated limestone (4.0 Mg ha-1) application treatments: broadcast and in furrow, broadcast limestone + gypsum (3.0 + 1.0 Mg ha-1), and broadcast gypsum (1.0 Mg ha-1). Soil fertility was improved, and significant increases were observed in the total and healthy root volume with increasing doses of limestone. With 4.0 Mg ha-1, a 58 and 85% increase in yield was observed in Sharon and Piracicaba, respectively, compared to the control. Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%). The application of limestone in the furrow yielded results similar to the broadcast application.

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22

Mullahey, J. Jeffrey, John A. Cornell, and Danny L. Colvin. "Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum) Control." Weed Technology 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003760x.

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Hexazinone (1.12 kg ai/ha), triclopyr (1.12 kg ai/ha), metsulfuron (0.008 kg ai/ha), dichlorprop + 2,4-D, glyphosate (2.8%), and triclopyr (2%) + diesel oil (98%), applied as a broadcast or spot (individual plant) treatment, were evaluated over two years in south Florida for tropical soda apple (TSA) control and their effects on grass ground cover. For broadcast treatments, triclopyr (98%) and hexazinone (93%), had significantly (P < 0.05) higher percent control of marked TSA plants 90 d after herbicide application. However, triclopyr (99%) had significantly higher grass ground cover than hexazinone (78%). Hexazinone severely damaged Pangola digitgrass, but had no effect on bahiagrass. For spot treatments, dichlorprop + 2,4-D (100%) had the highest percent total control of TSA and least effect on grass ground cover (96%) 90 d after herbicide application, followed by glyphosate (96% control) and triclopyr + diesel oil (95% control). Based on acceptable (>90%) TSA control and grass ground cover, triclopyr broadcast or dichlorprop + 2,4-D spot provided the greatest control. With either application method, repeated herbicide applications will be necessary to eliminate TSA because of rapid seedling emergence following control of existing plants.

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23

Semtner, Paul J., T. David Reed, and Martha L. Barnes. "Control of Insects, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.296.

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Abstract This study was conducted at Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, Va. The soil at the test site was a Helena sandy loam (pH 5.8, 2% organic matter, and 2-7% slope). Experimental plots were 40 ft long (24 plants) and 8 ft wide (2 rows). Treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with 4 replicates. Adjacent plots were separated by a single untreated border row. Preplanting broadcast soil treatments were applied and incorporated by disking 26 Apr. Raised planting beds were prepared 27 Apr; a pushcart-mounted Gandy applicator \ was used to broadcast or to band granular treatments immediately before bedding. Liquid formulations were broadcast at 25 gal/acre with a CO2-powered j backpack sprayer (60 psi with 8003 nozzles set 20 inches apart). The highest rate of Temik 15 G (3.0 lb [AI]/acre) was applied in a 24-inch band, and the 1.0 and 2.0 lb [AI]/acre rates were applied in 12-inch bands. The Orthene transplant water (TPW) treatment was applied at 200 gal/acre (4 fl oz/plant) on 9 May by pouring from a graduated cup around each plant immediately after transplanting. The Orthene foliar treatment was applied 12 Jul and 3 Aug with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 24 gal/acre through 3 TX-10 tips/row. The sidedress application of Temik was made 6 inches from the plants with a Gandy and incorporated by cultivation 24 May.

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Haywood, James D. "Tenth-Year Results of Herbaceous Weed Control in a Loblolly Pine Plantation." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.3.105.

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Abstract Herbaceous weed control influenced the growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) over a 10-yr-period. Five treatments were examined: (1) Untreated control: seedlings were planted in the established herbaceous vegetation; (2) Glyphosate: glyphosate was broadcast in September 1981 before planting; (3) Disked: plots were cross-disked in September 1981 before planting; (4) Glyphosate-PPWC: glyphosate was broadcast before planting as in Treatment 2, and postplant weed control (PPWC) herbicides were broadcast yearly for 4 yr (1982, atrazine plus simazine ; 1983, atrazine plus oxyfluorfen; 1984 and 1985, hexazinone ); and (5) Disked-PPWC: plots were disked before planting as in Treatment 3, and the PPWC herbicides were broadcast as in Treatment 4. Four years of PPWC did not affect survival and resulted in greater height, dbh, and volume per loblolly pine through 10 growing seasons. The disked-PPWC plots were the most productive through 8 growing seasons, but higher than average mortality after 8 yr on the disked-PPWC treatment resulted in the glyphosate-PPWC plots producing more volume per acre after 10 growing seasons. Total volume production was 253 inside bark ft³/ac greater on the two PPWC treatments than on the untreated controls. South. J. Appl. For. 18(3): 105-109.

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Bishop, Guy W., Susan Halbert, and Richard L. Johnston. "Wireworm and Foliar Feeding Insect Control on Potatoes, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.154a.

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Abstract ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 17-18 Apr at the University of Idaho, Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, Idaho, in Vickery-Marsing silt loam. Treatments were applied to 2-row plots, 20 ft long, separated by 3 ft borders of ‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Eleven insecticides were used at various chemical/rate combinations to give 30 treatments plus an untreated check. All treatments were applied at planting either in-furrow (IFAP), broadcast (BDCST), broadcast in a 10 inch band (10” band), or pre-plant surface spray. Capture was applied as a pre-plant spray using a CO2 pressurized hand-sprayer at 35-40 psi delivering ca. 40 gal water/acre. Those chemicals applied broadcast or in a 10 inch band were applied by hand, then soil incorporated. Counts for aphids and the CPB were made weekly by examining 10 leaves/plot.

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Ford, A. J., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, J. B. Wilkerson, J. W. Wilcut, and L. V. Gilbert. "Site-Specific Weed Management in Cotton Using WebHADSS™." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (March 2011): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00060.1.

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Field trials were established in 2005 and continued in 2006 to evaluate a conventional broadcast herbicide sprayer compared to a variable spray (sensor-activated) weed-sensing sprayer (WSS). The computer-based Herbicide Application Decision Support System (WebHADSS™) was used to determine a portion of the herbicides applied (based on herbicide efficacy and economics). Weed control, herbicide usage, crop yield, and net returns were compared across treatments. The broadcast applications were usually the most effective at controlling weeds. A PPI herbicide did not always improve weed control compared to treatments in which no PPI herbicide was applied. Variable treatments used less herbicide than the broadcast system in both years. Cotton lint yields in broadcast applications were similar to the weed-free check in both years of the study. Variable treatments often provided equivalent net returns (gross yield revenue less weed control cost) to the broadcast treatments. Although herbicide savings were observed in the variable treatments when compared to a broadcast system, a reduction in weed control was observed, indicating the need for future improvements of this system. A site-specific weed management program used in conjunction with WebHADSS™ may have potential in cotton production systems in the Texas Southern High Plains where weed densities are low.

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DANG, De-Peng. "Hypo-Serializable Concurrency Control in Parallel Broadcast Environments." Chinese Journal of Computers 31, no. 3 (September 17, 2009): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1016.2008.00450.

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Tonguz, Ozan K., and Rusheng Zhang. "Harnessing Vehicular Broadcast Communications: DSRC-Actuated Traffic Control." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 21, no. 2 (February 2020): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2901285.

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A. J. Berge, M. J. Delwiche, W. P. Gorenzel, and T. P. Salmon. "Sonic Broadcast Unit for Bird Control in Vineyards." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 23, no. 6 (2007): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24049.

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Dörfler, Florian, and Sergio Grammatico. "Gather-and-broadcast frequency control in power systems." Automatica 79 (May 2017): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2017.02.003.

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Lee, V. C. S. "Concurrency Control Using Timestamp Ordering in Broadcast Environments." Computer Journal 45, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 410–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/45.4.410.

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Vencill, William K., John W. Wilcut, and C. Dale Monks. "Efficacy and Economy of Weed Management Systems for Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and Morningglory (Ipomoeaspp.) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)." Weed Technology 9, no. 3 (September 1995): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002368x.

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Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, Midville, and Athens, GA to determine economic net returns from PRE-broadcast, PRE-banded, POST, and POST-directed herbicide treatments and inter-row cultivation in conventional-tillage soybean. Metribuzin applied PRE-broadcast was more effective for sicklepod and morningglory control than PRE-banded. Soybean net returns were not significantly reduced in two of three years in plots treated with metribuzin applied PRE-banded compared with broadcast application. The addition of POST or POST-directed herbicides increased treatment net returns over PRE-broadcast and PRE-banded metribuzin two of the three years of the study. No significant soybean injury was observed.

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Hand, Lavesta C., Robert L. Nichols, Theodore M. Webster, and A. Stanley Culpepper. "Cereal rye cover crop and herbicide application method affect cotton stand, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control, and cotton yield." Weed Technology 33, no. 6 (August 6, 2019): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.63.

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AbstractSix on-farm studies determined the effects of a rolled rye cover crop, herbicide program, and planting technique on cotton stand, weed control, and cotton yield in Georgia. Treatments included: (1) rye drilled broadcast with 19-cm row spacing and a broadcast-herbicide program (2) rye drilled with a 25-cm rye-free zone in the cotton row and a broadcast-herbicide program (3) rye drilled with a 25-cm rye-free zone in the cotton row with PPI and PRE herbicides banded in the cotton planting row, and (4) no cover crop (i.e., weedy cover) with broadcast herbicides. At two locations, cotton stand was lowest with rye drilled broadcast; at these sites the rye-free zone maximized stand equal to the no-cover system. At a third location, cover crop systems resulted in greater stand, due to enhanced soil moisture preservation compared with the no-cover system. Treatments did not influence cotton stand at the other three locations and did not differ in the control of weeds other than Palmer amaranth at any location. Treatments controlled Palmer amaranth equally at three locations; however, differences were observed at the three locations having the greatest glyphosate-resistant plant densities. For these locations, when broadcasting herbicides, Palmer amaranth populations were reduced 82% to 86% in the broadcast rye and rye-free zone systems compared with the no-cover system at harvest. The system with banded herbicides was nearly 21 times less effective than the similar system broadcasting herbicides. At these locations, yields in the rye broadcast and rye-free zone systems with broadcast herbicides were increased 9% to 16% compared with systems with no cover or a rye-free zone with PPI and PRE herbicides banded. A rolled rye cover crop can lessen weed emergence and selection pressure while improving weed control and cotton yield, but herbicides should be broadcast in fields heavily infested with glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth.

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Nurdin, Nurdin. "MEMAHAMI HEGEMONI MEDIA MASSA BARAT DAN STRATEGI PEMBERITAAN TERHADAP DUNIA ISLAM." Al-Mishbah | Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah dan Komunikasi 11, no. 2 (July 11, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/al-mishbah.vol11.iss2.60.

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Western mass media is considered unfair and subjective in delivering news. Instead previous studies show that those western mass media have unfairly broadcasted news related Muslim people, limited studies have been carried out to show how those media broadcast the news and who control those media. This study, therefore, tries to understand how western media broadcast news related Muslim people and who control those media. This study employed content analysis in which the data was gathered from online sources and scholar journals. The findings show that western media use some strategies in broadcasting news such as making early claims during broadcasting, present false report and negative image, and use unproper language. The conclusion is that unfair news broadcasting related Muslim countries could be happened due to Jews domination in western mass media ownership and management. The limitation of this studi is that the data was merely gathered from online sources. Future research need to be carried out within broader context by involving journalists and communities.

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Sorensen, K. A., and K. A. Kidd. "Wireworm Control, Currituck County, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.106.

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Abstract 'Pungo' potatoes were planted 4 Apr near Powells Point, N.C. Three row plots, 6.1 m long and 1.06 m apart were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied using shaker jars to broadcast the material or place it in the furrow before planting. DZN AG500 was applied over the row with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a flat fan nozzle (80 04 E) operating at 40 psi to deliver 61.3 liter/ha. Broadcast materials were incorporated to a depth of 5 cm with a hand rake. Potatoes from the middle row of the plots were harvested 25 Jul, yields recorded, and the amount of wireworm-damaged tubers was recorded by weight and number of tubers. If at least 25 tubers were not found, potatoes from one of the other rows of a plot were harvested and evaluated.

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Semtner, Paul J., and T. David Reed. "Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.295.

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Abstract The experiment was established in a tobacco field at the Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, Va. A Wedowee sandy loam soil (pH 5.8; <2% organic matter) was plowed on 17 Feb. Experimental plots consisted of 2 tobacco rows 40 ft long (24) on 4-ft centers. Adjacent plots were separated by single untreated border rows, and 5-ft vacant alleys separated blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Broadcast treatments were applied and incorporated by disking on 10 May. Liquid treatments were broadcast with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 25 gal/acre at 30 psi through 8003 spray tips spaced 20 inches apart. Granular DiSyston and Furadan were broadcast with a Gandy mounted on a pushcart. The soil was in good working order and the air temperature was 80-83°F. Temik treatments were applied on 12 May in 12-inch bands in front of the bedder using the pushcart-mounted Gandy. ‘VA 309’ tobacco was transplanted with a mechanical transplanter on 16 May. The Orthene transplant water treatment was applied at 200 gal/acre (4 fl oz/plant). Rainfall totals were 1.4, 2.75, 4.25, and 1.8 inches in May, June, July, and August, respectively. The test was irrigated with 1.5, 1.0, and 1.0 inches on 6 Jul, 12 Jul, and 20 Jul, respectively. Myzus nicotianae were counted between the fourth and sixth veins on the right half of the underside of 4 upper leaves of 10 plants/plot at approximately 7-d intervals from late May through mid-July.

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Chen, Chun Li, Jing Song Lv, and Yan Jiang. "Algorithms of Admission Control and Batch Scheduling of On-Demand Broadcast with Deadlines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.892.

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Owing to its potential to satisfy all outstanding requests for the same data item with a single response, on-demand data broadcast becomes a widely accepted approach to dynamic and scalable wireless information dissemination. In the existing works, clients must wait until the deadline of their requests in the case the requests cannot be satisfied. In this paper, broadcast admission control is introduced to data broadcast systems such that the clients can be informed in advance on the result of admission control for the requests. Furthermore, a matching based allocation scheme is proposed for batch scheduling to maximize data sharing among requests. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms have better comprehensive performance than traditional algorithms in terms of scheduling, admission control and QoS.

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Moomaw, Russell S., and Alex R. Martin. "Ropewick Application of Picloram for Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control." Weed Technology 4, no. 2 (June 1990): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002532x.

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Picloram was applied to leafy spurge using flexible and rigid ropewick applicators for 3 yr at each of two upland pasture sites. The ropewick applicators were a cost-effective way to apply picloram to control leafy spurge compared to broadcast application, but minimal advantage was demonstrated for the segmented, flexible unit compared to the rigid applicator. Picloram applied as an 80 g ae/L solution through ropewick applicators controlled leafy spurge equal to broadcast picloram at 1.1 kg/ha while using 36% as much picloram.

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Crossan, C. K., C. H. Gilliam, G. J. Keever, D. J. Eakes, G. R. Wehtje, and W. A. Dozier. "Weed Control in Container-Grown Crops with Herbicide-Coated Fertilizers." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 15, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-15.3.138.

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Abstract Nursery Special 12N-2.6P-5.0K (12-6-6), Osmocote 17N-3.1P-10.0K (17-7-12), and Polyon 24N-1.7P-10.0K (24-4-12) were coated with Ronstar 50WP (oxadiazon) at 4 concentrations and compared to spray applied Ronstar 50WP and broadcast Ronstar 2G. With Osmocote and Nursery Special-coated fertilizers, the lowest Ronstar rate resulted in less weed control than traditional herbicide application methods. Ronstar-coated fertilizers applied at the recommended rate or higher provided similar weed control to broadcast-and spray-applied pre-emergence herbicides.

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Ullah, Rehmat, Muhammad Atif Ur Rehman, and Byung Seo Kim. "Hierarchical Name-Based Mechanism for Push-Data Broadcast Control in Information-Centric Multihop Wireless Networks." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 3034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143034.

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By design, Named Data Networking (NDN) supports pull-based traffic, where content is retrieved only upon consumer request. However, some of the use cases (i.e., emergency situations) in the Internet of Things (IoT) requires push-based traffic, where a producer broadcasts the data based on the emergency situation without any consumer request. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the existing NDN forwarding engine when designing for an IoT scenario. Although solutions are provided to enable push-based traffic in IoT, the main solutions in the current literature lack data broadcast control design. Moreover, the existing solutions use an additional interest messages exchange, which creates extra overheads in the network, thereby resulting in higher delay and lower throughput. In this paper, therefore, we propose a name-based push-data broadcast control scheme for IoT systems, and consider two scenarios, i.e., smart buildings and vehicular networks. The proposed scheme consists of a robust content namespace design, device namespace design, and minor amendments to the data packet format and unsolicited data policy of the forwarding engine as well. The evaluation is carried out for both scenarios. Simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme outperforms the recent proposed schemes in terms of total number of data packets processed in the network, total energy consumption, and average delay in the network by varying the number of data packets per 2 s and varying vehicle speed.

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Atanasov, Ivaylo, and Evelina Pencheva. "Model Aspects of Open Access to Multimedia Broadcast Services in the Evolved Packet System." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3154801.

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Multimedia broadcast is the most efficient method to distribute identical content to multiple users in the Evolved Packet System (EPS). EPS enables efficient usage of network resources and provisioning of quality of service for every user. Third-party control allows applications in an enterprise domain to invoke network functions like multimedia broadcast. In this paper, an approach to modeling the behavior of Service Capability Server (SCS) for multimedia broadcast in EPS is presented. Third-party applications can access multimedia broadcasting capabilities by using Parlay X Web Service interfaces. The SCS for multimedia broadcast exposes Parlay X interfaces toward 3rd-party applications and control protocols toward the network. The SCS functional behavior has to be synchronized with the application view on message broadcast and the state of the network resources intended for the broadcast session. Models of multicast session, IP connectivity session, and bearers’ and charging session are proposed and formally described using the notation of Label Transition Systems. The concept of weak bisimilarity is used to prove that models expose equivalent behavior; that is, they are synchronized.

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Stoltz, Robert L., and Nancy A. Matteson. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control with NTN 33893." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.142.

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Abstract Test plots were established at the UI Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID. Potatoes were planted 20 May and irrigation was by fixed sprinkler sets. There were seven chemical treatments and one untreated check replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 2 rows (36 inch spacing) by 25 ft. Rows were not closed at planting to facilitate hand application of the granular NTN. After insecticide application, the rows were mechanically closed. On 10 Jun foliar applications were made of NTN 240 FS and Furadan 4 F in a 4-5 inch band (20 gal/acre) over the center of the row as a broadcast spray using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. On 9 Jul a second foliar broadcast application (20 gal/acre) of NTN was made on treatment 5 approximately 50 d after planting. On 25 Jun, a single application of Ambush 2 E was applied as a broadcast foliar spray (20 gal/acre) using the previously mentioned system. On a weekly basis, all stages of CPB were counted and percent defoliation estimations were made using whole plant inspections of the center five plants within the two plot rows. Larval stages were separated into small (1-3 instar) and large (4-5 instar). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and significant means separated using Newman-Keuls studentized range test.

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Diffie, Sa, and Ma Bass. "Insecticide Evaluation for Control of the Red Imported Ftre Ant in Walton County, Georgia, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.313a.

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Abstract Three treatments were applied at 6:00 pm on 24 May as follows: Amdro bait broadcast over a 2.75 acre plot, Logic bait broadcast over a 2.4 acre plot, and a third plot (2.0 acres) was left untreated as a control plot. A Herd Seeder mounted on a Honda ATC was used to apply the baits. At 3:30 pm on 5 Jun Lorsban granules were broadcast over the Amdro and Logic plots. Each plot contained four 0.1 acre circular subplots. Plots were marked with orange surveyor stakes. Pretreatment counts were made on 24 May in each subplot. Posttreatment counts were made on 28 Jun, 17 Jul, 29 Aug, and 7 Feb.

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Snipes, Charles E., and Thomas C. Mueller. "Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Yield Response to Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control Systems." Weed Science 40, no. 2 (June 1992): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057301.

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Cotton yield response was evaluated in 1987, 1988, and 1989 when weeds were managed with preemergence fluometuron [none (0%), band (50%), or broadcast (100%) surface coverage], cultivation (none, one, two, or three times), and postdirected fluometuron + MSMA. Weed densities (primarily prickly sida, morningglories, and hemp sesbania) varied widely among years and were directly related to early season rainfall. Postdirected herbicide application or cultivation(s) had little effect on weed density. The use of a banded fluometuron application reduced weed biomass 28 to 47%. A further decrease was observed when preemergence fluometuron was increased from banded to broadcast coverage. Seed cotton yields were low with no preemergence fluometuron. Banded fluometuron and at least one cultivation had yields similar to broadcast fluometuron only. Cotton yields were related to weed density and weed biomass in a hyperbolic relationship. Low weed densities caused more yield loss per unit weed density than higher densities.

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Riar, Dilpreet S., Daniel A. Ball, Joseph P. Yenish, and Ian C. Burke. "Light-Activated, Sensor-Controlled Sprayer Provides Effective Postemergence Control of Broadleaf Weeds in Fallow." Weed Technology 25, no. 3 (September 2011): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00013.1.

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A study was conducted in summer fallow fields near Davenport, WA, and Pendleton, OR, in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the POST weed control efficacy of herbicide treatments applied with a light-activated, sensor-controlled (LASC) sprayer compared to the broadcast application of glyphosate. The LASC application of glyphosate alone (at all rates) and in mixture with pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil or 2,4-D had weed control (≥ 88%) and dry weight (≤ 6% of control) similar to the broadcast application of glyphosate across locations and years. Tumble pigweed and prickly lettuce control with bromoxynil, 2,4-D, or carfentrazone plus dicamba, was 12 to 85% less than glyphosate applied alone with LASC or broadcast sprayer. Overall, none of the tested alternate herbicides was promising enough to replace glyphosate under present conditions.

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Wang, De Sheng, Yi Fan Zeng, and Jing Wang. "Design of Intelligent Addressable Broadcast System Based on Zigbee." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1546.

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Based on the problems of traditional broadcast system such as complexity wiring and low efficiency, this paper presents a design scheme of intelligent addressable broadcast system which takes the advantages of Zigbee and frequency modulation (FM) technologies. This system adopts a cluster topology structure with a master and numerous of broadcast nodes. The network management and system control is realized by Zigbee. The audio signal is transmitted via FM broadcast. Besides, we realized the upper computer software design based on Visual C. The practical test shows that audio quality and system efficiency are both greatly enhanced, and the broadcast system is low-cost, low-power and low-complexity.

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Johnston, Richard L., Susan Halbert, and Guy W. Bishop. "Potato Insect Pest Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.162.

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Abstract ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on 18 Apr at the j University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID, in Vickery-Marsing silt loam. Plots were 2-row, 20 ft long separated by 3-ft borders of ‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Insecticides were applied broadcast, in-furrow at planting, or in a 10 inch band. Those chemicals applied broadcast or in a 10 inch band were applied by hand, then soil incorporated. Counts for aphids and the CPB were made weekly by examining 10 leaves per plot. CPB damage rating was from 0-3, with 0 being no visible damage and 3 severe damage. Wireworm damage was assessed at harvest by examining 50 tubers from each plot.

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Sariff, Nohaidda, and Zool Hilmi Ismail. "Broadcast Event-Triggered Control Scheme for Multi-Agent Rendezvous Problem in a Mixed Communication Environment." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 3785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093785.

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This paper addresses the communication issue encountered by a hybrid controller when finding consensus in terms of the rendezvous target point in a broadcast and communication environment. This issue may result in a high level of computation and the utilization of agent resources when a continuous communication is required by agents to meet convergence requirements. Thus, an event-triggered system was integrated into the design of a broadcast and distributed consensus linear controller using the simultaneous perturbation stochastic algorithm (SPSA). The agent’s movement towards the rendezvous point is based on the broadcast value, whereas the next agent’s state position depends on the distributed local controller output. The communication error obtained during communication between the agent and neighbors is only added to the gradient approximation error of the SPSA if the event-triggered function is violated. As a result, in our model, the number of channel utilizations was lower and the agents’ performances were preserved. The efficiencies and effectiveness of the proposed controller have been compared with the traditional sampling broadcast time-triggered (BTT) approach. The time and iterations required by the broadcast event-triggered (BET) system were less than 40.42% and 21% on average as compared to BTT. The trajectory was not the same—the BET showed scattered movements at the initial stage, whereas BTT showed a linear movement. In terms of the number of channels, 28.91% of channels were preserved during the few hundred iterations. Consequently, a variety of hybrid controllers with event-triggered mechanisms can be proposed for other multi-agent motion coordination tasks.

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Shabariyah, Sarah Mawaddah. "Analysis of the legal protection of broadcasting rights in Indonesia." Technium Social Sciences Journal 37 (November 9, 2022): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v37i1.7560.

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There were so many violations of the 2014 Brazil World Cup soccer match broadcast. The 2014 Brazil World Cup broadcast violations were resolved through litigation, namely the Commercial Court because it was a violation of the Related Rights. There are two laws and regulations in positive law in Indonesia related to broadcast rights. The Broadcasting Law and UUHC are the legal umbrella for protecting the implementation of broadcast rights. The realization of these two laws regulates two different things. The Broadcasting Law regulates the license of a broadcasting institution while the UUHC regulates the protection of broadcast work content which is included in Related Rights, thus raising questions regarding how to protect broadcast work holders and control broadcast rights in Indonesia. The method used is juridical empirical. The results of the research show that protection for broadcast work holders who can also be called creators is protected by Article 40 UUHC which is basically included in protected works, thus UUHC has provided protection for broadcast works and broadcast work holders even though Article 40 UUHC does not explicitly mention about broadcast works themselves, but broadcast works are protected by broadcasting institutions based on Article 3 letter b of the UUHC, namely Related Rights and the supervision of Broadcast Rights in Indonesia is currently being monitored by KPI based on the mandate of the Broadcasting Law. In practice, not only KPI can supervise, but the public can participate if there is a broadcast without permission or license from the holder of the broadcast work.

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Johnston, Richard L., and Guy W. Bishop. "Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.141.

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Abstract ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 29-30 Apr at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID. Treatments were applied to 4 row plots, 17 ft long, separated by 3 ft borders of ‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting (IFAP), broadcast (BDCST), in a 10 inch band (BAND) to the soil in front of the closing disk, or sidedressed postemergence (SDPE) using a tractor-mounted Beline applicator and shanking the material into the side of the hill. The broadcast treatment was applied to the soil surface and rototilled in to a depth of 6-8 inches prior to planting. Telone II was injected 12 inches below the soil surface using a hand injector delivering 20 gal/acre 21 days prior to planting. Temik 15G at 2.0 and 3.0 lb (AI)/acre was sidedressed on 28 May. Plots were harvested 23 Sep. Wireworm damage was assessed at harvest by examining 25 tubers from each plot.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Broadcast Control'

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